I04 Halegen Dezivatives.

The seplaseMent o Hdugen acms in aiphati.

ay
a~omatie (zing) hy decatbvnsi by halen adm/s
esults in the smatD 4 halsseh desvafis hdscog he
casshcotin:

is bmded fotr halealkaes, halealkenes, hallkyne

halsaehes.
MaJeakqne,. halsglkehe haloalkyh. halsaztreg

Dnehelsen kmp

Ch,- CH- (1,

X
Paly hase h cmp.
XX X XX

Alk, halide / Helsekgne:

The haleyen atinis bmded sp hbsi dited cugb

R-th,-X
Bim (1) haide Seci hotide Tegf.(2) hali de.
 The halyeh adum is bodeg ha sp hsidised

Q Benzhe halide
The halyen atm is bnded ha sp hybeidisd gbn
Ch;-X

The haleyen adm s bnded fh a s ybidved ozhn

adm 4 alphate chain. Ih is alyo cakd haload Kne.

Holoakynes:
The halagen atn is bnded ta kijdisd (-ctn
caled hdaalkyneg.
HCC-X

The hotsseh atm is ditect hnded t sp' hybidd

C-etn in cgumats sing.

stuche Cmma NemeTUAC Nen

Met chlside chl«t, mehane.
Metakhe dibs imijde Dìbumanthant.
Ipeyl chkside2-chopbi pane.

t-butl Tdide. |2- mh--Iode pspane.

Neo pehtl chlgide |1-chheo-?,1-di mzl.
Pypqne.
 Gmmn Nyne
Vinyl (hlasid 1- chlas efhene
M,ch-CM-Br Alyl bbmjde 3- bzsmaPapene
Cchlg eceylkne Chlogoetynt
Bend Tudide Todogharymehane.
eJodatoluene 1 -Tode -4 -mehy bnzee/
h-Iodctolvene.

m- dahazobmaone ,3- dichlesbenzene.

6-dmg buzee,2 -dbeam, benzone

Methads Pupogain Alky) halide -.

1 a ftom deho

halsn, tm
.1))¿
B halgen avd/Hydegeh halide, CH) !
HC|-R-o + HC
This is a Gzonve's Process. The mia4. cnaNCI Anh,znCe
caled Lucas Resgent'The srdes d. scachvits

Anh

EhanelD4
Ant

epp4no), 2-chlas pgopone.

2-cHajo 2- mty
Poy4ne
[Link] alah
tet. buds choid,
 (32)
ehanot (48 1) Bzimehanee

(95).
Isepsqy aleh Ise pea| Jrdide.

3 cH-(h-oH +Pa ’3-Ch-Ch,-(+H;,

Payphsy ti chhik hsphygy
acid,
chlosidk
Pt Br

tet.

tphsplatso phuphos
Pentacheide suchleid

a)om thisnyl (hleide i

oM
+

thicny
chty jde
 Addilin Hydenzen halide t alkene
The addiin f hydgsen halik (Hx) +elkene
vzmcesp onding atyl halide.i
The seacty of tx is HI>HB ) HC,
Smnekical Alkene :

Ehene Bmsehane.

6) Unsy mnejcul A|kene -

Br
+ Chg-thh,-B
Psptne mjor
The a) Pduct is a' majoz b Markovnikov's kale

Mag kovnikava Relei-whon n ynsymyefiel sagent (HX)

s added th nymmehical alkehe, He negafue pott (x)
he seaschtet attached t he c-atm auhich
coIS Jes hymbes H- otums,

Anti-Mzkanikus /esoides ettct /khouh Mqye dhcti

1-beomepsapene (mqjo)

1-benm-2-melpesp4nte
3 Halogcn Exchange'
bR-ci t NaI Aene R-I + Nac
L TisaFinklgteih keecin

-(| +Na Aeerg ch- c1-I t Na

Iodeethahe.
 This isa Swete Seachim.

2-Fhgo efhppaht.

Electes phie Subyfitutin

Wheh dtehes (Benpehe) is eatd wh cle or Br,

+ Cle Ann.

Fe BY
+B7 dek
0-btarga By
tuluene
hloene.
Sandmeve'y geachin
Rtpla ment diaznÌU Mg. by chlide o béumide
salt Dlcalled Sondney eg's Ken

+ N,T
Aniire Benzene
( qmin di azanium
chlzide
chloenyene
Bo

TN, + CurBr + Ny
Iudibenyeh)
bsmbenje

Physi cad Pespeshies io Alk holide

R-f> >By2I due h hiyh bid Jength. (obelo)
hcseShg C-atms.
modes t
)h weteg but abk in an-pola palet adyahic
ote insebi
Ar a bsachihs incsegy he boikihs puint [Link]
Opticad Isomegigm in Hslyen dejnaiue!
Chisal C-atm
Catbn am ina mlecale ahirh cosies ts dkent
o/atig scelkd chisal Gatm, jtis deho ted
asteisk lsgn ().
2-chlo bdane

thi (eomp

Plane Palosisd Liyht i- (ePL)

ASiyht havins scilatins ml 1h dne plane pet pen -
plane pla bed iyhtey PpL.

sdinty iyh! Nials im PPL

A subston e whicb ttats plene patiaatin A

inddent plhe ple polagizxd iyht is
activity
When PPLs pased hsujh a sul.«, ogg. sent
Mhe pPL i gets tated Msuga a cestais ane

ucese

lett hnd side Rint hand side

(Cleck ujre) (Antic lock wit)
Ihe sap. cuhch stete he prL ase caled sphc achve
&hich do nt gatey oe pteed inachve cenp.
 dext efagy cmp. gnb d t ) isn
A

Lacti aid.
(osM

dor)-lace aud,
CNen -speimpasable mitsd imaye
Enenties -

The qptice! isomes hch ae nen-5upehimpu¯ebk

4me aryle but in oppsitk sechin afe callee
nanhienes o Enantiemg phs s piad antip«des.
s. Lactie a cid 2-chleso budahe. d.
et.

Rae mic miskye (Ra emato) -

An eguimalot miatye ehanti eme4) (deto e
daeve)
opical inashive due h eskenedmpen satin is
calted Raemic miakye.
They afe plical inastiue K deneted by d r
( sin.

plahe TajmCndnphn
-Br I

pla plans
Fischus Psjich etae wedye m ine- abskê he blyne
(mn) dotted line-bei h plan
Wedge fsm.
 (5)
Chenicad Pspefies aty halide
I Nucleophic sbtitutm dl halide Neha,
The osdee seachuity o atl halide in Nuclesphilic
a b t t i e is S210 R-IB>cL.

LRetes toble ns. lo3 m pge no 224

m Bamide Na- edhsxide bie ethyl methy ehe

Psagl Bsemidea SlNes psapisnade eh butansede

Ammonj pmethlamne

Potecium gand mty cyenide (ethyl nitie)

(e) eklisayanid.
Ch- Br + k - o - N = 0 -O-N=0 + KBz.
Rotntite

Silveg nitile ite ehane

LTake 2 alkyl halide lau abee kRexl

 o)
Nucleophii bitutin (`N Reach
Reachen
Ch-dh +Naßy
kinetics a
The ate 4- his eachin is depend n, e
Radé a Ch-8r ConJ
Hence tisgos dey seati calid ebtitutin
hucleophilic binalecla teashn. (SN).
Mechans
Back
te
CBr HoBY-0-C,+B
Ts.
(EPD)
Psktene giy
DE = Eneggy Ac huadse.
fasduct.
Rautin Cos dinate
GBaçki sik atack dnucleaphife
8 I4 shod walden nesin (ophicalae sakc). Read pas no. 22|
0Reacin
c
t-hatst bsmide [Link] alahd,
kiheicsi
Cncehbatin tbudhengËce
Rat
nucephiic unimalerelf stauin (SN
bond tumtin stee.
Reachant
Psd.
6 kacemizati m pidach shgm.
 intencing SN1 SN2 mechaniSn -
latte aSubstak
The SN meha. is maf favouged
coybacalim Intesmadiaty esultse tson geic
(sewdingh 3° halde subotat
The Sn' mechanism is faveuyed ih 1 halid
leagt ih-3°. halide du hta coedinte, &
ceslodi desh 1 helide
Hence

SN ade insfesy.

ftvauted SN meh
Ih Syl nech, paues hal nudaphite athck is
fasteg he ea o SN mech. Hehce hn9 nuclephil

Jh Si' mech Asmatind pasbicaha intey medte

is posy soNetine morepa slvent it ed ih
sN'nch.
Th Silmuh. ple pu ilvent decsese ke
sate of meth. K hence hn-pslat selvent. i4
in SN mechnism
 Eliinatin teactin (Dehyds, halogehatia R)
Wheh aky Aate halde s boded wih alco,. koh,

Ehehe.
ethi bsmide.
Br

oss d
But-]-the
(ming)
The But--tne is mejur pand. by Say tze4 Rule
Satze kale
In deh,dahalyen sfi Ru, ke petessd [Link]
hst akih which hoy tades_ nd alk . tthhed
to duubl bnded (-atin

Ditsene bet Sliminatim Sabfi fafin Kee

Elimndm keachis Sabfitutin Beaehia
@3 halide is peede 1'g halide 'sPsee
e basp s used. ha huckophe is wed
Reactim jh achve mtal:

alks halide maugiarh

d CA-Mg-Bz
edhes

A|kqhe.

When mia. of tus d. ltyl halide. vojy alane sm

d ch-che-Ch pspan
etes

Reuchn Hals at caner -

) With mtls
mtal in dey ehest dm sustituted syemti cmg.
By
Wast-itig eac
+ CH-BY +2N
etheg
mhyl
Bzams banathe. bsmi te Telath
(Hyl halide (alb haite

2 + 2 Na
Biphen!
chls bnzeh +2Ne(I
 (5)

Ayl hade (halhageney) sas o senchvity fowosds sN eahn,

chlhsbtnzehe

Mene Haloathey d to SN seacini

posa (o) psitig Me seashvits hads afeeye is iacseag, 14SM

Bcata.
Naan 433k

NO2 No,
NO
C

No
2,1,6-tinito chhesbeneane. 24,6- tinitsphen
Electesphik ttin Sg eeelth in allheide:

2 t2Cl2 t + 24C
anh
chlegs benzehe fecls
p-dithle o- dihlg
benzehe behzene.
(mgjor)
 Cunc NO
+2 HN0, M2ss

Niti (mgjo) No chlo, behzehe

aid. p-hit chlea
behzene
Suphohati :
+ 2 4hSoy
Cm..
2-chho bezehe "majo)
Slphuk
aid sulghn't aud.

Anh.
Ac
mehylchhsh, I-Chls toen
Anh

Acet
chlesid 2-chloso
aehphynoe acet phenhe
(ngr)

Ketes pe na. 229 & 230

Salu the Skeecisy.

 Exee cises
Q.
) a Ch,-c- (hi-c|
a anly I.
Suartz eK.
a Ch-(H a- CH-by cbzamo- 3-mnedhlpent -2-ene.
ch-çh- M-Ch-h,
C Ch
4-ehy ycds chig behzne
2, 5- dihlogo Teluhe.
chs
ch-(y-Ch2-C| t N a I ( n -Ch-ch-I +Nal
1- chks -2- m pp an 1-Iodo - 2-methy pspshe
CFinkelktein Rench
-3 (h-ch- F + SbBr,
Bam ehane Fluoss ethgne
ch, L Suartz Reachia)
Ch-ch-ch =Ch + HBr Pesnid Ch,-ch- ch,-(hy-Br
3- nhy but -l-ehe 1-b3ne-3- rme butane.
[ Anh Mogkevniksfs Ke]
 yclh benae)dl, Thiany chthoesbehzene
chtsit
+ clz dosk,
Tsluehe fe
2-chle Tlsh.
4-chlogy [Link]
cn-(H-ch,-ch ChË-ch, The abck dpst
is dtesenent.d
jieh Cmpis chisal
ge not chisal maleccy
cn-chy-tha-I jo fashy due th. pseSenceg I'y [Link]
ch,- (h= Cha 9 cn,-M,-Ch,-ty a, Ch,-ty= , tkbr
Pogpehe Peyoney- Bom. popane.
chy-Cheth,
2-ptapand. pepan-2-o|.
CCorecis ih Test book
ch chy
92 ch-(-Ch,-c Na/e Ch3-C-che-Ch--thg
(wurtz Renchy. 2,2,55-tarnethth hexane
chlos benzehe
K) Bemeelane to ethasetihe.
Na-ethonide Ehosy ethane.
dieny ehu).
Reastht Name Sodmethade.
C-ch Br
eiyl iscnd
Chghi de. .
A chsakezore, h biphkny
chlebehez , Biekenyl
Biphenyusol
Beaynt Na me e Jadium ingere d dy ees.
chlon prpane. t-Nio prjdNe,
1-bembutane
kyt'haik
chy= (h-ChX
Viny helide
 SNnech- sboAihh Ken:
btueen
SN?
Fachy SNI
2 nd ogdee
¬okinetis. Uhinkculog
Bmalecalo
aleckoaity Ohe kp.
Norc ps. Tuo step. Bind bteakhng Kmade imolknel
FitA bund heuk 4thon mke
Bandig. ahe dhe , dne Ts.
hy back jde ateck
)atackd nlegh Bh side attauk Ihvesim Cntyabaha
nchniehy. Racemisehia 1'sabtate
Polss lvent Non polas solvent
teng nudeghile
Mucleephile Weak nudephl No, integmdj ate.
Srtgmediet Jntesnediote inveved,

Explatn- Gpticod isnsim j4. 2- chles baane.

s)
2-chhsa batac cH-CH-h-(
The,rmisss image sDnen-Sup
( imgorebe , chisl C-aton
Mene be cmp. tis aphiced actue.

0 Ppene t psipan-I-ol..
Ch,-CH- ch,-C| + koh bil ch,-chài
A

Popne 1chos eapahe PSRA -l-o.

+ HBy kCN
(al)
Bnayl aloh. Boral bsmide Btht canida
 Etany t egane niti.

EMan oCetylcanid)

Bit --ph

chg ahdehalignch

ale)
(f20.

Aine to chlobenaene
N

Anine Bnen diqjahn m chlssbtzehe

chlgit.

Piphe. kchloEapspne
( Ans

(GHy)
(scbtone)
B
[Link]) cH,-4=Q1=M,
2J-dbtsm
[Link] -Butene htne.
by

2-bgn but--he
D
(n-CH-B erce). Chy--NM
2-Pegahajda,

a Viny halide

Yes, viny! halide shey ismedhonirm. due ti

intesmedjade Curbetati