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Class 11 Chemical Kinetics Overview

Chemical Kinetics studies the speed of chemical reactions and the factors affecting it, such as concentration, temperature, catalyst, and surface area. The rate of reaction is defined as the change in concentration of reactants or products over time, and is expressed through rate laws and constants. Key concepts include order of reaction, integrated rate laws, half-life, collision theory, and activation energy, with the Arrhenius equation relating temperature to the rate constant.

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179 views2 pages

Class 11 Chemical Kinetics Overview

Chemical Kinetics studies the speed of chemical reactions and the factors affecting it, such as concentration, temperature, catalyst, and surface area. The rate of reaction is defined as the change in concentration of reactants or products over time, and is expressed through rate laws and constants. Key concepts include order of reaction, integrated rate laws, half-life, collision theory, and activation energy, with the Arrhenius equation relating temperature to the rate constant.

Uploaded by

lalaaayn8
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We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Class 11 Chemistry - Chemical Kinetics Notes

Chemical Kinetics - Class 11 Notes

1. Introduction
- Chemical Kinetics is the branch that studies the speed (rate) of chemical reactions and factors
affecting it.
- Reaction speed is important because it determines the time and quantity of products formed.

2. Rate of Reaction (Reaction Velocity)


- Definition: Rate of reaction is the change in concentration of reactants or products with time.
- Formula:
Rate = Delta[Reactant or Product] / Delta t

- Example: If reactant A is consumed, rate is negative:


Rate = - Delta[A] / Delta t

3. Factors Affecting Reaction Rate


- Concentration of reactants
- Temperature
- Catalyst
- Surface area (for solids)

4. Rate Law and Rate Constant (k)


- Rate law expresses how reaction rate depends on concentrations of reactants.
- General form:
Rate = k [A]^m [B]^n
where m and n are reaction orders (found experimentally).

- Rate constant (k) depends on temperature and catalyst.

5. Order of Reaction
- Order shows dependency of rate on reactant concentration.
- Overall order = sum of powers of reactant concentrations in rate law.

Order | Rate Expression | Units of k | Half-life dependence


Class 11 Chemistry - Chemical Kinetics Notes

------------|----------------------|--------------------------|----------------------
Zero order | Rate = k | mol L^-1 s^-1 | t1/2 = [A]0 / 2k
First order | Rate = k[A] | s^-1 | t1/2 = 0.693 / k
Second order| Rate = k[A]^2 | L mol^-1 s^-1 | t1/2 = 1 / k[A]0

6. Integrated Rate Laws


- First order:
ln[A] = -kt + ln[A]0
ln[A] vs time graph is a straight line with slope -k.

- Zero order:
[A] = [A]0 - kt
[A] vs time graph is straight line with slope -k.

- Second order:
1/[A] = kt + 1/[A]0
1/[A] vs time graph is straight line with slope k.

7. Half-life (t1/2)
- Time taken for concentration to reduce to half.
- For first order, half-life is constant and independent of initial concentration.

8. Collision Theory
- Reactant molecules must collide with proper orientation and sufficient energy (activation energy) to
react.

9. Activation Energy (Ea)


- Minimum energy needed for reaction.

10. Effect of Temperature on Rate Constant


- Arrhenius equation:
k = A e^(-Ea / RT)
where A = frequency factor,
R = gas constant,
T = temperature in Kelvin.

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