Springdales School
Dhaula Kaun
Holiday Homework
Class XII
Part A
Prepare a working model on one of the following topics (informed in advance to your subject teacher)
1. Chemical Equilibrium Model
2. Green Industrial Process Model like Haeber’s Process
3. Sugarcane to ethanol industry ( green industry)
4. 3-D Shapes of orbitals with axis
5. DNA Double Helix Model (Chemical Biology)
6. pH Scale Model
7. Green Vehicles
Part B
Do the following worksheets in your chemistry notebooks.
SOME BASIC CONCEPTS OF CHEMISTRY
1. Arrange the following masses in increasing order:
(I) 1 atom of oxygen (II) 1 atom of nitrogen (III) 1 x 10-10 mol of oxygen (IV) 1 x 10-10 mol of
Cu.
2. Find the number of molecules of:
a) CO2 present in 1.12 L of it at STP b) cane sugar (C12H22O11) present in 34.20 grams of it
c) water are present in a drop of it having a mass of 0.05 g
3. What is the mass of:
a) H2SO4 in 0.01 M solution b) 0.1 moles of KNO3. [K = 39, N = 14, O = 16] c) 3.01 × 1022 g
of SO2 d) one molecule of sodium chloride e) 11.2 L of N2 at STP in g f) NH3 in 0.5 mol of it
4. Find the molarity of:
a) a solution of oxalic acid containing 0.63 g of it in 250 cm3 of the solution.
b) solution of NaCl has been prepared by dissolving 5.85 g of it 1 L of water
c) 500 mL of a 5 M solution is diluted to 1500 mL
5. How many atoms of silver are present in a 0.5 g atom of silver? (At the mass of silver = 108)
6. Define the following:
a) law of definite proportions b) Avogadro’s law c) formula mass d) Mole fraction e) Molality
f) Molarity
7. When 4.2 g of NaHCO3 is added to a solution of acetic acid (CH3COOH) weighing 10.0 g, it is
observed that 2.2 g of CO2 is released into the atmosphere. The residue left behind is found to
weigh 12.0 g. Show that these observations are in agreement with the law of conservation of mass.
8. Chlorine has two isotopes of atomic mass units 34.97 and 36.97. The relative abundance of the
isotopes is 0.755 and 0.245 respectively. Find the average atomic mass of chlorine.
9. How are 0.50 mol Na2CO3 and 0.50 Na2CO3 different?
10. Calculate the mass percent of the calcium, phosphorus and oxygen in the given calcium
phosphate Ca3(PO4)
11. What mass of carbon dioxide is formed in the respiration reaction if 25 grams of glucose reacts with
40 grams of oxygen?
C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy
Find the limiting reagent and calculate the excess amount of reactant.
12. Calculate the mass of following:
(i) 1 mol atom of N ii) 5 moles atom of Al iii) 5.0 moles of Na+ ion iv)10 moles of NaOH
13. 28 g of nitrogen is mixed with 12 g of hydrogen to form ammonia as per the reaction,
N2 + 3 H2 → 2NH3. Which is the limiting reagent in this reaction?
14. An organic compound on analysis gave the following composition. Carbon = 40%, Hydrogen
= 6.66% and oxygen = 53.34%. Calculate its molecular formula if its molecular mass is 90.
STRUCTURE OF ATOM
1. Cs shows maximum photoelectric effect, why ?
2. What is the value of the Bohr’s radius for the third orbit of hydrogen atom?
3. What type of metals are used in photoelectric cell ? Give one example.
4. Which series of lines of the hydrogen spectrum lie in the visible region’?
5. Mention the physical significance of Ψ and Ψ2.
6. What are the four quantum numbers of 19th electron of copper ? ( Z = 29)
7. Give the essential postulates and drawbacks of Bohr’s model of an atom. How did it explain the stability
of the atom ?
8. What transition in the hydrogen spectrum would have the same wavelength as the Balmer
transition n = 4 to n = 2 of He+spectrum?
9. What transition of Li2+ spectrum will have the same wavelength as that of the second line of Balmer
series in He+spectrum ?
10. The ionization energy for the H atom in the ground state is 2.18 × 10–18 J atom–1
Calculate the wave number for the longest wavelength transition in the Balmer series of atomic
hydrogen.
11. Find the energy of electron in 4th shell of Li2+ ion.
12. What is the wave number of an electron with shortest wavelength radiation in Lyman spectrum of
He+ ion?
13. Calculate the mass of the photon with wavelength of 3.6 Å.
14. The energy associated with the first orbit in the hydrogen atom is – 2.18 × 10–18 J atom-1. What is
the energy associated with the fourth orbit ?
15. Calculate the uncertain it in the velocity of a cricket ball of mass 150 g, if uncertainity in its
position is of the order of 1 Å.
16. i) Write the electronic configurations of the following ions :
(a) H– (b)Na+ (c)O2– (d) F– e) Fe3+
(ii) What are the atomic numbers of elements whose outermost electrons are represented by (a)
3s1(b) 2p3 and (c) 3p5 ?
(iii) Which atoms are indicated by the following configurations ? (a) [He] 2s1 (b) [Ne] 3s2 3p3 (c)
[Ar] 4s2 3d1.
17. Calculate:
(a) Total number of radial nodes in 3p orbital.
(b) Total number of nodal planes in 3p orbital.
(c) Angular nodes in 3d orbital.
18. Write short notes on: (i) Aufbau principle (ii) Pauli’s principle (iii) Hund’s rule iv) Heisenberg’s
uncertainty principle
19. a) Draw the shapes of the following orbitals. (i) 3dxy (ii) dz2
(b) What is the total number of orbitals associated with the principal quantum number n = 3 ?
(c) Using s, p, d, f notations, describe the orbital with the following quantum numbers:- (a) n = 3, l
= 0, (b) n = 4, l = 2, (c) n = 5, l = 3, (d) n = 1, l = 0.
20. The work function for Cs atom is 1 .9 eV. Find threshold wavelength and threshold frequency (ʋ0) of
this light radiation. If Cs metal is irradiated with a radiation of wavelength 500 nm find kinetic energy
and velocity of emitted electron.
CLASSIFICATION OF ELEMENTS AND PERIODICITY IN PROPERTIES
1. State the
a) Mendeleev periodic law
b) modern periodic law
2. Determine the positioning of elements A, B, C, D having atomic number 19, 36, 12, 9 by specifying
the group number, period and block.
3. Arrange the following and give reason:
a) increasing order of atomic radii: K, Rb, Li, Na, Cs
b) decreasing order of ionic radii: N3-,O2-,Mg2+,Al3+
c) decreasing order of ionization enthalpy: N,F,Ne,B,O,Li,Be,C
d) increasing order of electron gain enthalpy: Na,S,Cl,P,F
e) decreasing order of electronegativity: K,Ga,As,Ca,Br
f) increasing order of metallic character: B, Al, Mg, K
g) increasing order of reactivity: F,O,Cl,N
4. Predict the formulae of binary compounds formed by the following pairs:
a) Li and O b) Mg and O c) P and F d) Al and S
5. What is covalency? Determine the covalency and oxidation state in the following:
a) [Al Cl(H2O))5]2+ b) [Fe(CN)6]4+ c) [Pt Cl2(NH3)2]
6. What are isoelectronic species? Give isoelectronic species of Mg , O , Ne, and F-. arrange them in
2+ 2-
increasing order of ionic radii.
7. Why cations are smaller in size and anions are bigger in size as compared to the parent atom?
8. Explain the following
a) Be has higher ionization enthalpy than B
b) Oxygen has lower ionization enthalpy than N and F
c) Cl has high electron gain enthalpy than F
9. Differentiate between electron gain enthalpy, ionization enthalpy and electronegativity.
10. Why the successive ionization enthalpies always increase ?
11. Write the IUPAC name of the elements with atomic number 112 and 123,107.
12. Why electron gain enthalpy of alkaline earth metals is about zero?
13. Arrange the increasing order of strength of acidity of HF, HCl, HBr and HI.
14. how many elements are present in 5th and 3rd period.
15. Among the following oxides MgO, CaO. Which one is more basic.
