Store 8-bit data in memory using direct addressing
1. MVI A, 49H : "Store 49H in the accumulator"
2. STA 2501H : "Copy accumulator contents at address 2501H"
3. HLT : "Stop"
Add two 8-bit numbers
Example
(2501 H) = 99H
(2502 H) = 39H
Result (2503 H) = 99H + 39H = D2H
Since,
1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 (99H)
+ 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 (39H)
1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 (D2H)
Program
1. LXI H, 2501H : "Get address of first number in H-L pair. Now H-L points to 2501H"
2. MOV A, M : "Get first operand in accumulator"
3. INX H : "Increment content of H-L pair. Now, H-L points 2502H"
4. ADD M : "Add first and second operand"
5. INX H : "H-L points 4002H"
6. MOV M, A : "Store result at 2503H"
7. HLT : "Stop"
Subtract two 8-bit numbers
Example
(2501 H) = 49H
(2502 H) = 32H
Result (2503 H) = 49H - 32H = 17H
Program
1. LXI H, 2501H : "Get address of first number in H-L pair. Now H-L points to 2501H
"
2. MOV A, M : "Get first operand in accumulator"
3. INX H : "Increment content of H-L pair. Now, H-L points 2502H"
4. SUB M : "Subtract first to second operand"
5. INX H : "H-L points 4002H"
6. MOV M, A : "Store result at 2503H"
7. HLT : "Stop"
Add two 16-bits numbers
Add the 16-bit number in memory locations 2501H and 2502H to the 16-bit number in
memory locations 2503H and 2504H. The most significant eight bits of the two numbers to
be added are in memory locations 2502H and 4004H. Store the result in memory locations
2505H and 2506H with the most significant byte in memory location 2506H.
Example
(2501H) = 15H
(2502H) = 1CH
(2503H) = B7H
(2504H) = 5AH
Result = 1C15 + 5AB7H = 76CCH
(2505H) = CCH
(2506H) = 76H
Program
Add two 16-bits number with ADD and ADC instruction
1. LHLD 2501H : "Get 1st 16-bit number in H-L pair"
2. XCHG : "Save 1st 16-bit number in DE"
3. LHLD 2503H : "Get 2nd 16-bit number in H-L pair"
4. MOV A, E : "Get lower byte of the 1st number"
5. ADD L : "Add lower byte of the 2nd number"
6. MOV L, A : "Store result in L-register"
7. MOV A, D : "Get higher byte of the 1st number"
8. ADC H : "Add higher byte of the 2nd number with CARRY"
9. MOV H, A : "Store result in H-register"
10. SHLD 4004H : "Store 16-bit result in memory locations 2505H and 2506H"
11. HLT : "Stop"
Add two 16-bits numbers with DAD instruction
1. LHLD 2501H : "Get 1st 16-bit number"
2. XCHG : "Save 1st 16-bit number in DE"
3. LHLD 2503H : "Get 2nd 16-bit number in H-L"
4. DAD D : "Add DE and HL"
5. SHLD 2505H : "Store 16-bit result in memory locations 2505H and 2506H".
6. HLT : "Stop"
Subtract two 16-bit numbers
Example
(2500H) = 19H
(2501H) = 6AH
(2504H) = 15H (2503H) = 5CH
Result = 6A19H ? 5C15H = OE04H
(2504H) = 04H
(2505H) = OEH
Program
1. LHLD 2500H : "Get first 16-bit number in HL"
2. XCHG : "Save first 16-bit number in DE"
3. LHLD 2502H : "Get second 16-bit number in HL"
4. MOV A, E : "Get lower byte of the first number"
5. SUB L : "Subtract lower byte of the second number"
6. MOV L, A : "Store the result in L register"
7. MOV A, D : "Get higher byte of the first number"
8. SBB H : "Subtract higher byte of second number with borrow"
9. MOV H, A : "Store l6-bit result in memory locations 2504H and 2505H"
10. SHLD 2504H : "Store l6-bit result in memory locations 2504H and 2505H"
11. HLT : "Terminate program execution"
Add contents of two memory locations
Example
(2500H) = 7FH
(2501H) = 89H
Result = 7FH + 89H = lO8H
(2502H) = 08H
(2503H) = 01H
Program
1. LXI H, 2500H : "HL Points 2500H"
2. MOV A, M : "Get first operand"
3. INX H : "HL Points 2501H"
4. ADD M : "Add second operand"
5. INX H : "HL Points 2502H"
6. MOV M, A : "Store the lower byte of result at 2502H"
7. MVIA, 00 : "Initialize higher byte result with 00H"
8. ADC A : "Add carry in the high byte result"
9. INX H : "HL Points 2503H"
10. MOV M, A : "Store the higher byte of result at 2503H"
11. HLT : "Terminate program execution"
Finding 1's complement of a number
To obtain one's complement of a number its 0 bits are replaced by 1 and 1 by 0.
Example 1
(2501H) = 96 H = 1001 0110
(9) (6)
One's complement = 0110 1001 = 69 H
Result = (2502H) = 69H
Example 2
(2501H) = E4H
Result = (2502H) = 1BH
Program
The number is placed in the memory location 2501 H.
The result is stored in the memory location 2502 H.
1. LDA 2501H : "Get the number IN accumulator"
2. CMA : "take its complement"
3. STA 2502H : "Store result in 2502H"
4. HLT : "Stop"
Finding 2's complement of a number
2's complement of a number is obtained by adding 1 to the 1's complement of the number.
Example
To find the two's complement of 96.
96 = 1001 0110
1's complement = 0110 1001 = 69
+ 0000 0001
2's complement = 0110 1010 = 6A
Program
The number is placed in the memory location 2501 H.
The result is to be stored in the memory location 2502 H.
1. LDA 2501 H : "Get data in accumulator"
2. CMA : "Take its 1's complement"
3. ADI, 01 H : "Add one in the number"
4. STA 2502 H : "Store the result in 2502 H"
5. HLT : "Stop"
