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Electrical safety for employee workplaces in Europe and in USA

Conference Paper in Conference Record - IAS Annual Meeting (IEEE Industry Applications Society) · February 2002
DOI: 10.1109/IAS.2002.1043840 · Source: IEEE Xplore

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 Electrical safety for employee workplaces
in Europe and in USA

Giuseppe Parise Peter E. Sutherland William J. Moylan

Member IEEE Senior Member IEEE Fellow IEEE
University of Rome “La Sapienza” IGC SuperPower Moylan Engineering Associates
00184 Rome, ITALY 450 Duane Avenue Livonia MI USA
Schenectady, NY 12304 USA

Abstract: USA and Europe use different standards to - Appendixes

provide electrical safety for employee workplaces. - Part III: Safety related maintenance requirements
This paper examines the two standards NFPA70E and EN • IEEE Guide for maintenance, operation, and safety of
50110, shows some of the similarities and differences, industrial and commercial power systems (“Yellow Book”)
looks at the possibilities to a gradual harmonization • EN 50110 “Operation of electrical installations”
between the two systems. - Part 1: Minimum requirements
The paper would contribute to improve the electrical - Basic principles
safety right in the worldwide globalization. - Standard operational procedures
- Working procedures
I. INTRODUCTION - Maintenance procedures
- Appendixes A,B,C
Electrical safety for employee workplaces requires a - Part 2: National Annexes
combination of standards and enforcement processes that • EU Directives and European National Laws
must be carefully integrated to work together. USA and
Europe use different standards to provide electrical safety. III. DIFFERENT APPROACHES
The NFPA70E sets out the “Electrical Safety Requirements
for Employee Workplaces” in USA. The NFPA approach is synthetic on its purpose with general
The EN 50110 “Operation of electrical installations” and specific parts; it is a comprehensive set of electrical
European Standard sets out the requirements for the safe installation requirements for safety, avoiding references to
operation and work activity on electrical installations. other standards.
The essential basis of NFPA 70E is to establish an
This paper examines the two standards and shows some of electrically safe working condition. It tends to rely upon
their similarities and differences. It compares the two controls associated with avoiding exposure to an electrical
standards basic items for protection against electrical hazards, hazard. For instance, it requires an electrically safe work
i.e. : condition unless certain conditions exist.
− the electrical installations design and construction
requirements; The EN 50110 is not a comprehensive standard; it has to be
set among other general European directives and national
− the electrical equipment integrity assurance during the
laws on the safety against all the hazards. Let’s consider the
whole life time;
general Directive for the safety and health of workers at work
− the equipment electrical safe work condition;
[6], the seven individual directives on the article 16 of the [6]
− the tools, test and protective equipment adequacy; (89/654/EEC, 89/655/EEC, 89/656/EEC, 90/269/EEC,
− the training requirements for anybody working on 90/270/EEC, 90/394/EEC,and 90/679/EEC), the directive
electrical installations. 89/686/EEC related to Personal Protective Equipment PPE.
Then, there are many national laws, standards and internal
II. CONSIDERED STANDARDS AND COMPARED CONTENTS.
rules, dealing with the electrical safety coming within the
• NFPA 70E “Standard for electrical safety requirements purpose of the EN 50110-1. This standard, based on the
for employee workplaces” existing practices; is a first step toward the gradual alignment
- Part I: Installations safety requirements in Europe of the safety levels associated with the operation of
- Part II: Safety related work practices and the work on electrical installations. The European “way”

0-7803-7420-7/02/$17.00 © 2002 IEEE

2216
is generally that each standard gathers all the parts of its After a failure, the employer can demonstrate that
purpose and contains normative references to other standards deenergizing introduces additional or increased hazards or is
either more general ones or more specific others. infeasible due to equipment design or operational limitations.
A special approach is the “new approach” of the European After the repair, the European employer has to adopt
Resolution of May 7, 1985, which states the compliance with protective measures, combating the risks at source.
the Standards is voluntary, but assures the presumption of the “The employer shall be alert to the need to adjust these
good practice (art’s rule). measures to take account of changing circumstances and aim
Owing to the new approach, the technical operator, designer to improve existing situations” [6].
or inspector of the power system, must accept the reference The IEC/EN main protection against shock hazards by direct
role and the responsibility to choose, design and organize the contact is based on “passive” measures, as double insulation
specific solutions, complying the “art’s rule”. The EN 50110 or barriers/obstacles or enclosures, providing at least such
tends to rely heavily on the skill and training of the worker, degree of protection as IPXXB (IEC symbol: the test finger
as responsible reference in the large scenario of standards to cannot touch live parts).
comply. The “active” measure of using residual current devices RCD
The EU national laws admit exclusively the dead working as is recognized as an additional protection of the main ones,
safe work condition, and the existing laws admit only owing to the RCD, also with a lowest trip value, cannot
exceptionally the live working. guarantee limited the actual body current within the
The EN50110 opens to overcome this exceptionality. admissible value.
The NFPA standard requires an employer to have an Analogously the main protection against the arc hazards is
Electrical Safety Program and defines some requirements for based on passive measures. Failure within the enclosure of
the program. As defined by NFPA 70E, the program must switchgear and controlgear due either to a defect or an
contain procedures and management authorization of certain exceptional service condition or mal-operation may initiate an
work processes and oversight of the overall program. internal arc. There is little probability of such an event
occurring in constructions which satisfy the IEC passive
In the EU, the general Directive for the safety and health of measures, but it cannot be completely disregarded.
workers at work [6] states that the employer shall evaluate Such an event may lead to the risk of injury, if persons are
the risks and subsequently take the preventive measures present, but with an even lower probability.
necessary for the safety and health protection of workers. The It is desirable that the highest possible degree of protection to
prevention is based on the following general principles ( persons should be provided.
Article 6 [6]): - avoiding risks; - evaluating the risks which The principal objective should be to avoid such arcs or to
cannot be avoided, - combating the risks at source; - adapting limit their duration and consequences.
to technical progress; - replacing the dangerous by the non- The IEC 60298 AC metal-enclosed switchgear and
dangerous or the less dangerous; - giving collective controlgear for rated voltages above 1kV requires the test of
protective measures priority over individual protective arcing due to internal fault. Partitions and shutters shall
measures; etcetera. provide at least a degree of protection as specified in IEC
60694.
A distinction is made between the two types of accessibility
IV. ELECTRICAL SAFETY HAZARDS: COLLECTIVE AND corresponding to the different test conditions. The enclosure
INDIVIDUAL PROTECTIVE MEASURES may have different types of accessibility on its various sides.
Type A: Metal-enclosed switchgear and controlgear with
The two standards recognize the existence of the following accessibility restricted to authorized personnel only.
electrical safety hazards: - shock, - arc, - flying parts. Type B: Metal-enclosed switchgear and controlgear with
unrestricted accessibility, including that of the general public.
The standards suggest that these and all other safety hazards The IEC 60439 for low voltages switchgear and controlgear
must be considered in a hazard analysis. Collective and requires different forms of internal separation of assemblies
individual protective measures shall be taken. The collective by barriers or partitions (forms 1, 2a-b, 3a-b, 4a-b).
measures concern the design, construction and choice of One or more of the following conditions can be attained by
material and protection devices. dividing assemblies by means of partitions or barriers
(metallic or non-metallic) into separate compartments or
The European standard places a great deal of importance on: enclosed protected spaces:
- combating the risks at source, - giving collective protective - a) protection against contact with hazardous parts beloging
measures priority over individual protective measures, - to the adjacent functional units. The degree of protection
adapting to technical progress; - replacing the dangerous by shall be at least IPXXB: the test finger cannot touch live
the non-dangerous or the less dangerous. It highlights the parts. - b) protection against the passage of solid foreign
equipment integrity and updating. bodies from one unit of an assembly to an adjacent unit. The

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degree of protection shall be at least IP2X: the test finger instructed, or ordinary person is made for carrying out the
cannot penetrate. work activity.
Unless otherwise stated by the manufacturer, both conditions In a general approach the working procedures include the
shall apply. operational and maintenance procedures, in particular: − the
However, some specific conditions of live working can inspections shall be carried out by skilled persons; − the live
trigger the need for the flash hazard analysis and the use of working procedures, the disconnecting before or
PPE against the arc flash. The EN 50110 has to consider reconnecting after dead working and emergency operation on
these PPE, if it pursuits to admit the live working procedure. public electrical distribution installations shall be carried out
by skilled or instructed persons only; − dead working
V. SOME SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES (TABLE I) activities shall be carried out by skilled or instructed, or
ordinary persons.
Personnel, responsibilities and training
The two standards identify training that is necessary for Both legislations hold the employer responsible for all
competence’s level of person. The training, required by the damages occurred inside the premises, just taking in count
standard, attempts to cover only electrical safety training. The that he is the owner. The employer has not necessary
training is intended to be in addition to any training necessary competence adequate to the responsibility.
to gain the technical skill and ability to perform the task. Let’s consider at the end, that, in the case of accidents and
injuries during work on or use of electrical systems, both
Anyway, the NFPA70E identifies two levels, the qualified legislations does not require that the investigation must be
persons and the unqualified persons. conducted by qualified persons of competence equivalent at
A qualified person shall be trained and knowledgeable of the least to that requested by the work activity.
construction and operation of equipment or of a specific work
method, and be trained to recognize and avoid the electrical Organization
hazards that might be present with respect to that equipment Every organization has a hierarchy of authority.
or work method, on the other hand, the unqualified persons The European Standard EN 50110-1 contemplates that:
shall be trained in and be familiar with any of the electrical • each electrical installation shall be placed under the
safety-related practices. responsibility of a person, the Nominated Person in Control
Is to be noted that the qualified person is, in general, not of the Electrical Installation (NPCEI).
qualified for every job or task, but just for given tasks in • Each work activity shall be the responsibility of the
given work conditions, remaining unqualified for different Nominated Person in Control of the Work Activity
ones. NFPA70E gives heavy attention to the operators (NPCWA).
training, in order to have persons able not only to properly Analogously, in order to accomplish a company’s business
work or to make someone other properly work, but also able objective, (IEEE Standard 902 parar.8.4.2 Organizational
to operate in emergency maintaining its own safety and the Support [4]) the management sets up an organization.
other ones too: as, for instance, when could be necessary to Usually included in the business objective are an electrical
take away from the live part contact the victim of an organization and a safety organization. One or both of these
electrical accident, in which condition it is necessary the organizations should be designated to accomplish the
greatest caution together with the greatest quickness. electrical safety objective. This goal needs of individuals or
groups to perform the following functions: management,
The European standard, instead, defines three levels: skilled design, installation, facility operations, maintenance, training,
person, instructed person and ordinary person. training certification, purchasing, visitor and contractor
Skilled person and instructed person have to be levels of liaison, general industrial safety and electrical safety
competence, officially confirmed and authorized by a training authority.
certification, periodically updated and checked, evaluating The NFPA defines the Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ)
also the work conduct until then. as the organization, office or individual responsible for
In order to enhance the real safety, the certified level of “approving” equipment, an installation or a procedure. The
competence should be officially accepted by the operator, in definition is followed by a note giving examples of who this
order to qualify himself with the related responsibilities. The authority might be. In some jurisdictions this authority is
skilled operator is the sole responsible of all working easily identified. However, in many large organizations, the
activities. The instructed operator is responsible to have the management people, who have ultimate authority, usually do
authorization for all working activities. The ordinary person not have the expertise themselves to make decisions in
isn’t responsible, given that he needs generally control and specific technical areas. They usually delegate that authority,
supervision in the working activities that can carry out. or at least, get advice from specialists before making final
The complexity of the work activity shall be assessed before decisions. Therefore, the function of the AHJ usually rests at
the activity starts so that the appropriate choice of skilled, a lower level in the organization [4].

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 TABLE I: COMPARISON OF NFPA70E AND EN 50110-1 SAFETY STANDARDS

Area Function NFPA70E EN 50110-1

Personnel, responsibilities Levels of training Qualified Skilled
and training Unqualified Instructed
Ordinary
Responsibilities Employer Employer
Organization Electrical installation Employer Nominated Person in
Control of the Electrical
Installation (NPCEI)
Work activity Employer Nominated Person in
Control of the Work
Activity (NPCWA)
Approvals Authority Having NPCEI
Jurisdiction (AHJ)
General requirements for Work practices Described Described
electrical work practices
Work planning Electrical safety program NPCEI - NPCWA
(informational)
Work procedures Organizational Employer and qualified Duties and responsibilities
persons
Practical Lockout/tagout Protective devices and
Safety audits procedures
Checks Voltage detecting devices Verify before and after use Verify before and preferably
after use
Plant and components Verification and testing Measurements, tests and
integrity inspections
Working spaces and Working spaces and Dimensions and distances to Dimensions and distances to
locations, distances in air locations be maintained be maintained
and approach limits
Distances in air Flash protection boundaries Electrical distance
Ergonomic component
Minimum working distance
Approach limits Limited Live working zone
Restricted Vicinity zone
Prohibited
Personal Protective Hazard/risk class Protective devices to be
Equipment Protective devices to be used
used Care and maintenance
Normative references
Care and maintenance
Maintenance procedures Short description Generic description

General requirements for electrical work practices usual safety related prescriptions like: in case of activities as
Both the standards pursuit the electrical work safe condition, specified in 5.2 and 5.3, as appropriate, suitable tools and
also when the situation do not permits a total deenergization, equipment shall be used so that electrical danger to persons
and point out the work planning necessity, even if only the is prevented.
NFPA 70E gives some sample too. These activities shall be subject to agreement of the
The EN50110-1 not only describes the normal operations, but nominated person in control of the installation.
also the ways and means to exchange informations between
coordinators and operators, emphasizing that to avoid errors The NFPA70E describes the work practices on or near
when information is transmitted verbally, the recipient shall electric circuit parts, thoroughly considered, referring to
repeat the information back to the sender, who shall confirm specific cases too, and makes an electrical safety program
it has been correctly received and understood; it do not skips

2219
deep description, with details in the appendixes (Part II, hand working; starting from here, it states the risk level, the
Appendix C, Electrical Safety Program). required operator qualification and the individual and
Is to be noted that the appendix is not a part of the common protective devices to be used.
requirements of this NFPA document but it is included for Finally, the standard reports also the work location safe
informational purposes only, pointing out the completeness making procedure, for instance stating, about the dead
of this standard. working:
the essential requirements for ensuring that the electrical
Work procedures installation at the work location is dead and secure for the
Both standards deal in good detail with this matter, in duration of the work are:
particular for the lockout/tagout and reenergization - disconnect completely;
procedures; it is evident, in fact, that these are the most - secure against re-connection;
critical manoeuvres and that they are, in their complexity, - verify that the installation is dead;
well representative for the procedures drawing up practice. - carry out earthing and short-circuiting;
It results that the European standard maintains a generality - provide protection against adjacent live parts.
character, also where goes deep in the operational proce- On the other hand, the NFPA70E, examines thoroughly the
dures; the American one, instead, concentrates most of all on employer and qualified persons responsibilities related with
the lockout/tagout practices. the dangerous electric energy control (with details in the
appendixes too), in case of:
The EN50110-1 deals with duties and responsibilities of the - control by an individual employee
procedures various “actors” (Fig.1); the standard, however, - simple lockout/tagout
concentrates on a bureaucratic more than operative - complex lockout/tagout.
organization. It defines the working conditions classification: It describes some lockout/tagout devices and prescribes an
live working, working in the vicinity, dead working, bare annual lockout/tagout procedures review, at least on a

Working Procedures
Nominated Person in Control of Nominated Person in Control of
the Electrical Installation the Work Activity

NPCEI NPCWA
Gives notificationof the
nature and place of the § 6.1
works
Working Procedures

Permission to

§ 6.2 START WORK Comunication tothe

§ 6.2.6
workers

WORKS
Gives written notification stating
that the WORK is FINISHED
Permission to
RE-ENERGIZE § 6.2.6
Fig. 1 EN50110-1 : duties and responsibilities of the procedures

2220
representative one, to remove their possible deficiencies: an In addition, it states that “The depth of the working space in
audit shall be conducted at least annually by a qualified the direction of access to live parts shall not be less than
person and shall cover at least one lockout/tagout in indicated in Table 1-8.1.1”. [1]
progress and the procedure details. The audit shall be
designed to correct deficiencies in the procedure or in The European standard defines the work location as “the site,
employee understanding. space or area where a work activity is to be, is being or has
been carried out”.
Checks The US standard, afterwards, extensively deals with the live
The U.S. standard requires the functionality of voltage conductors and parts guards and covers, giving details about
detecting devices to be verified both before and after use. the minimal approach distances to live parts defining three
The European standard requires a voltage test be conducted boundary categories: limited,restricted and prohibited.
and requires verification of instrument functionality either About the flash protection boundaries, for 600V or less, the
before and “preferably” after use (§6.2.3). Both standards NFPA70E states a protection boundary at 1,2 m; it admits
require a visual inspection of the instruments. also, only under the designer supervision, the following
The NPFA70E standard defines and describes the numerous formula use:
elements to be tested for the plant and components integrity,
as the right protection devices setting, installation compliance Dc = [2,56*MVA*t]1/2where:
to the design, equipment evaluation and so on, up to the Dc = distance (in feet) of person from an arc source
insulation integrity, ventilation efficiency and, where for a just curable burn in feet,
applicable, to the equipments cooling. MVA = bolted fault MVA at point involved,
The European standard goes deep into measurements, tests t = time of arc exposure, in seconds.
and inspections purpose and necessity and underlines the
precautions to be taken when checking. Above 600 V, it defines a boundary at the distance at wich
the incident energy level equals 1,2 Cal/cm2 , or 1,5 Cal/cm2
Working spaces and locations, distances in air and if the fault clearing time is 0,1 s or less.
approach limits
The working space is intended, in the NFPA70E, as the area, The EN50110-1 defines, on the other hand, the live working
geometrically fixed, to be made available around the zone (DL radius) as “a space around live parts in which the
equipment to be worked on. air insulation level to prevent electrical damage is not assured
For instance, the standard states: “Working space, for encroaching it without protective measures”, and the vicinity
equipment operating at 600 volts nominal or less to ground zone (DV radius) as “a limited space surrounding the live
and likely to require examination, adjustment, servicing or working zone”; it defines, besides, some other air distances:
maintenance while energized, shall comply with the electrical distance (Db), ergonomic component (E) and
dimensions as required or permitted in this standard”. minimum working distance (Dc).

EN 50110 N FPA 70E

m in im u m w o rk in g
0 ,2 m p ro h ib it e d a p p ro a c h
0 ,0 2 5

600 V re st ric te d
0 ,3 m
a p p ro a c h

sh o c k p ro te c ti o n
1 ,0 6 m
v ic in ity z o n e o u t e r lim it
fl a sh p ro te c tio n
1 ,2 m
m in i m u m w o rk i n g
0 ,4 m

p ro h ib it e d a p p ro a c h
0 ,2 5 m

re st ric t e d a p p ro a c h
0 ,8 m

20 kV shock
1 ,8 3 m
p ro te c t io n

fla s h p ro te c tio n
v ic i n ity zone o uter E < 1 ,2 c a l/m ^
1 ,4 m

Fig. 2: Graphical example, for the representative voltage levels of 600 V and 20 kV, which makes
easy the comparison between the two protection limits definitions

2221
The electrical distance is the distance in air that protects methods available to satisfy the requirements of Part III” and
against electrical breakdown during live working; the in addition:
ergonomic component, on the contrary, is the distance in air “For the purpose of Part III, maintenance shall be defined as
that allows for limited errors in movement and judgement of preserving or restoring the condition of electrical equipment
distance during the work required to be carried out at the and installations, or parts of either, for the safety of
minimum working distance; finally, the minimum working employees who work on, near, or with such equipment.
distance is the minimum distance in air to be maintained Repair or replacement of individual portions or parts of
between any part of the body of a worker or any conductive equipment shall be permitted without requiring modification
tool being directly handled and any part at different or replacement of other portions or parts that are in a safe
potentials, live or earthed. condition”.
A graphical example, for the representative voltage levels of Anyway the NFPA70E describes, even if shortly, safety
600 V and 20 kV, makes easy the comparison between the related main maintenance, preservation and efficiency check
two protection limits definitions (Fig.2). operations, and points out the responsibilities of the qualified
persons entrusted with maintenance, when selecting its type,
Personal protective equipment the way to perform it, the procedures to be applied, without
Both standards deal in detail with the individuation of skipping to refer to NFPA 70B, Recommended Practice for
personal protection devices to be either worn or, anyway, Electrical Equipment Maintenance, for specific maintenance
used where a given level of electric risk is present; for both it methods and tests.
remains unchanged the need for the specific protection According to the EN50110-1, on the other hand, “the purpose
devices in case of non electric works. of maintenance is to keep the electrical installation in the
Both refer to the relevant standards for the characteristics, for required condition. Maintenance may consist of preventive
the acceptance tests and for the checks, specific for each maintenance, which is carried out on a routine basis with the
protection device. intention of preventing breakdown and keeping equipment in
good condition, or corrective maintenance, which is carried
The NFPA70E deals mainly with arc protections, taking in out to repair or replace a defective part”.
count the arc both as accidental contact agent and as risk As already said, the description of the various maintenance
factor for radiant energy burns. types and of the different entrusted persons responsibilities,
It dedicates to these protections a wide examination, so qualifications and duties made by the European standard is
detailed that it states the protective clothing fabrics as somewhat generic.
component materials, as per square foot weight, as cloths
types and series to be worn in the different risk situations, VI. CONCLUSIONS
starting from the underwear; it do not skips the other
electrical risks protection devices as, for instance, insulating The understanding of the differences will contribute to
sticks, wrenches, screwdrivers and so on, as well as insu- highlight the range of definition, the “meaning” and the
lating blankets, separators and boards. organization of the two rule systems.
So, the NFPA70E is characterized by a general coverage of To study the other “way” helps a better understanding of the
the practical contingencies large number; by means of matrix own “way” with information of “different” solutions and with
tables it indicates for each work: the training for new interests to satisfy. These element-
- the hazard/risk class actions can start a natural process of the harmonization.
- what protective devices are to be used An independent first step could be an internal enhancing into
- normative references for each personal protection device; each system.
in addition, it reports thoroughly the personal safety and The following process could determine new common ways,
protective equipment care and maintenance. enhancing the update solutions with an actual safety progress.
The EN50110-1 describes the personal safety devices to be An important occasion to promote the harmonization and
used in the various electrical works carrying out (live improve the electrical safety right in the worldwide
working, in vicinity, “bare hand”), without skipping the rules globalization could be the endeavor of the common matters
to preserve the protective equipment electrical integrity and on the safety such as:
mechanical characteristics. - the responsibility of the employer has to be
competent,
Maintenance procedures - the function of the AHJ has to reach highest level in
Both the standards care the electrical installation operations the company or work organization management,
more than their maintenance, however they mention the - the first judgement on working accidents has to be
maintenance procedures basic principles. of technical level, to guarantee that practicing the best
Quoting the NFPA70E third part :”Part III does not prescribe electrical safety will win on the legal problems, setting
specific maintenance methods or testing procedures. It is left up the exculpating proof.
to the employer to choose from the various maintenance

2222
 Institute, Troy, N.Y. Mr. Sutherland is the author of numerous
REFERENCES technical papers and is a member Tau Beta Pi, Eta Kappa Nu and
Phi Kappa Phi. He is a Registered Professional Engineer in Maine
[1] NFPA 70E, Standard for Electrical Safety Requirements for and New York, a CEng in the UK, and is a member of IEE
Employee Workplaces, 2000 Edition (London).
[2] European Standard EN 50110 (-1,-2): 1996-12 "Operation of
electrical installations" CENELEC. “Bill” Moylan, P.E. received a Bachelor of Electrical Engineering
[3] IEC Standard 60364, "Electrical installations of Buildings," degree from the University of Detroit in 1962 and is a registered
International Electrotechnical Commission Geneva, Switzerland professional engineer in Michigan, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, North
[4] 902-1998 IEEE Guide for Maintenance, Operation and Safety of Carolina and Ohio. He founded Moylan Engineering in 1974. His
Industrial and Commercial Power Systems (IEEE Yellow Book). electrical career began at the Ford Rouge complex, where he
[5] ANSI/NFPA 70, National Electrical Code 1999, National Fire worked as an electrician while pursuing his engineering degree. He
Protection Association, Quincy, MA, USA 1998 then joined the Detroit Edison Company, and in twelve years, rose
[6] Council Directive 89/391/EEC of 12 June 1989 on the to the position of Principal Engineer of the Bulk Power Stations
introduction of measures to encourage improvements in the safety Group of Edison’s Systems Engineering Department. He is a
and health of workers at work, Document 389L0391 Official Fellow of the IEEE and a member of both IEEE SA’s Standard
Journal L 183, 29/06/1989 p.0001-0008 Board and Review Committee. He received the Standards
[7] “An Electrical Consulting Board to Improve Safety in the Medallion for “Outstanding Leadership and Contributions to the
Electrical Field” a papere by G. Parise, G. Donato, G. Lucarelli, C. IEEE Standards Program” and served as Chair of the I&CPS
Turella, IEEE IAS I&CP 2001 New Orleans, LA Technical Books Coordinating Committee and the W/G which
[8] “Safe Operation of Electrical Installations in EU”, G. Parise, S. wrote the 7th and 8th editions of “IEEE’s Red Book.”
Annibaldi, L. Martirano, I&CPS Conference, Clearwater, FL 2000,
IEEE Industry Applications Magazine , Vol. 7, No. 3 May/June
2001
[9] “Globalization of electrical codes and standards”, K. G.
Mastrullo, R. Jones, B. McClung, Paul S. Hamer, G. Parise, PCIC
2002 September 23-25 New Orleans, LA

Giuseppe Parise IEEE M.1982. In 1972 he received his degree in

Electrical Engineering from the University of Rome. He has been at
this university ever since 1973 and is currently a Full Professor of
Electrical Power Systems. His research, professional and consulting
activities cover power systems design, planning, safety, security,
electro-forensic engineering and energy management. Since 1983,
he has been a member of Superior Council of Ministry of Public
Works as expert of power systems. He is member of the ltalian
Electrical Commission (CEI) CT/SC 11A "Generation, transmission
and distribution systems of electric power" and of the IEEE\IAS
Power Systems Grounding Subcommittee. Since 1975 he has been
Registered Professional Engineer, he is President of the Electrical
Commission of Engineers Association of Rome's Province CEOIR
and of AEEE.

Peter E. Sutherland (M '83, SM ‘97) received the A.S. Degree in

Electrical Engineering Technology ('79) and the B.S. degree in
Electrical Engineering ('83) from the University of Maine at Orono.
In 1986 he received the M.Sc.E degree in Electrical Engineering
from the University of New Brunswick (Canada). He has worked as
a Test Engineer and a Design Engineer for Accutest Corp. of
Chelmsford, Mass., a manufacturer of automatic test equipment for
the semiconductor industry. For a short time, he worked as a
Planning Engineer for an Electric Utility Company. In 1987 he
joined General Electric Company, and has been employed as an
Engineer in the GE Industrial Power Systems Engineering
Operation in Schenectady, N.Y., as an Instructor in the GE Training
and Development Center, as a Power Systems Engineer in Albany,
N.Y and as Senior Engineer in the GE Power Systems Energy
Consulting Department. His current position is Advisory
Applications Engineer at IGC SuperPower in Schenectady, NY. Mr.
Sutherland is currently enrolled as a part-time student in the Ph.D.
program in Electric Power Engineering at Rensselaer Polytechnic

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