ANALYSIS OF NARRATIVE DIACOURSE IN A FAIRY TALE ENTITLED THE RACE

BETWEEN THE TORTOISE AND HARE ; INFLUENCE ON MORAL VALUE

FORMATION

ABSTRACT

This research analyzes the narrative discourse in the fairy tale entitled "The Race between the
Tortoise and the Hare" to explore its influence on the formation of values and morals. This fairy
tale, with its simple characters and storyline, but full of meaning, is used as a medium to convey
a deep moral message. Using a narrative discourse analysis approach, this research examines the
narrative structure, characterization, themes and symbolism in the fairy tale. The results of the
analysis show that this fairy tale is effective in instilling values such as perseverance, hard work,
and humility, while warning about the dangers of arrogance and carelessness. The Tortoise
symbolizes tenacity and perseverance, while the Rabbit symbolizes arrogance and carelessness.
The story's clear structure and use of symbolism make this tale a powerful tool for character
education, especially for children. Thus, this fairy tale not only functions as entertainment, but
also as an effective learning tool in forming positive values and morals.

INTRODUCTION

Storytelling is a cornerstone of modern communication, whose influence extends to areas

ranging from marketing to political discourse (Lund, Cohen, and Scarles 2018; Seargeant 2020).
The power of compelling narrative goes beyond individual persuasion and has the potential to
catalyze collective change in opinion, mobilize consensus, and encourage social cooperation
toward shared goals. Social media has democratized the opportunity to create and share
narratives on a global scale, empowering individuals to shape opinion formation, democratic
deliberation, and collective action (Yasseri et al. All rights reserved. In the last decade, social
media has facilitated the emergence of social movements that Quickly weaving together a
narrative that supports environmental protection and climate action, especially related to
initiatives that focus on daily life activities, can significantly increase public awareness of
environmental issues, seen as real and effective action.

In contrast, narrative discourse development has strong implications for emergent literacy in
preschool children (Dickinson & McCabe, 1991). The ability to tell a coherent narrative predates
and predicts successful adaptation to school literacy (e.g., Feagans, 1982). Because early
intervention to prevent learning disability is predicated on early assessment of language-related
literacy problems, narrative assessment holds promise in this regard. At present, however, few
systematic protocols tied to good developmental research on narrative are available to
accomplish this assessment.

Discourse-level difficulties associated with reading problems have been found at least as early as
kindergarten age. Children’s ability to tell a complete version of the Three Bears predicts later
reading success (de Hirsch, Janksy, & Langford, 1966). Cross-sectional work also finds a strong
relationship between narrative comprehen- sion among kindergartners and other measures of
early literacy, such as the ability to define words, phonemic awareness, and early print skills
(Dickinson & Snow, 1987). Deficiencies in discourse skills linked to reading have been found
prior to age 5 years. One longitudinal study followed 87 children with language impairments and
children developing language normally from age 4 to 5:6 years and found that the ability to recall
a short story was the best predictor of language development (Bishop & Edmundson, 1987).

LITERATURE REVIEW

Legend Story

Legendary stories are narratives having elements of myth, folklore, or historical

significance that frequently feature remarkable events, characters, or phenomena. These tales are
often passed down verbally or through written chronicles, spanning centuries and frequently
providing an explanation for cultural customs, environmental events, or moral teachings.
According to Mariam in Lilik, et al. legend stories is a story from the past that is believed by
many people but cannot be proved to be true a famous or important person who is known for
doing something extremely well a list that explains the symbols on a map (Febriani, 2016).

A folklore genre known as legends is made up of stories about human behavior that are
thought to have happened at some point in human history. Legends have particular
characteristics that lend the story authenticity and frequently serve as examples of human virtues.
They might involve miracles and function in the gray area, never fully accepted by the
participants but also never categorically questioned.

Moral Value

Values are standards of conduct or guiding principles that people or groups believe to be
significant and desirable and that serve as a guide for their decisions and activities. They shape
attitudes, beliefs, and actions and provide a framework for determining what is good or evil.
Chippendale in Mahendra and Amelia (2020) explains value as what is important in a person’s
life while Lina & Setiawan in the same journal stated that value defines right or wrong for an
individual or a group (Mahendra & Amelia, 2020). Numerous elements, such as culture, religion,
upbringing in the family, individual experiences, and social standards, can influence one's values.
Moral values are guidelines or standards of conduct that, in a certain cultural or societal
context, are regarded as good or harmful. Moral values, as opposed to individual preferences or
beliefs, are thought to have universal relevance and serve as a guide for moral decision-making.
According to Nurdyansyah in Nadeak, et al. moral is an absolute value formed from social
behavior that is around or in the environment (Nadeak et al., 2020).
A wide range of principles are included in moral values, such as justice, fairness,
empathy, compassion, honesty, integrity, and respect for others. According to Wantah (2005) in
Nadeak, et al., moral is something that is related or has something to do with the ability to
determine right and wrong. Meanwhile, value is something that interest for us, something that we
look for, something that pleases, something that loved, and in short value is something good
(Nadeak et al., 2020). They act as a moral compass, directing people's interactions with others
and decisions in a variety of spheres of life, such as intimate partnerships, employment, and
community involvement.

METHOD

The qualitative research method is a systematic approach to study phenomena, human

behavior, or human experience in great detail. This method focuses on gathering non-numeric
data, such as text, images, videos, and observations, to reveal patterns, themes, and nuances.
Before doing the analysis, the thing to do is to determine what method will be used. there are 3
types of methods such as Quantitative, Qualitative and also Mix Method that researchers can use.
While quantitative work is expressed in numbers and statistical models, qualitative work is
expressed in natural language. According to Gerring Qualitative work is often focused on
particular individuals, events, and contexts, lending itself to an idiographic style of
analysis(Crowther & Lauesen, 2017). Grimmer & Steward in Gerring stated that, Quantification
affects every qualitative observation. Interviews, images, ethnographic notes, and texts from
various sources can all be coded using mathematical algorithms or coders' judgment.

To research “Narrative discourse analysis on children's fairy tales ‘influence on moral

formation’ uses the Qualitative method. In this context, theory and method are seen as two things
that cannot be separated (insparable). In traditional qualitative sociology, there are two types of
discriminant behavior. Somantri stated that, First methods for gathering data such as
ethnographic surveys, questionnaires, and other methods can be applied with different "color"
depending on how they are theoretically explained. Second, theory in mutual aid also refers to a
method. In this section, methods will be discussed, ranging from classical to novel (Somantri,
2005). Qualitative approaches have the capacity to make a substantial contribution to the
meaning-making process.

According to saylor, It is likely that your goal in a qualitative study will be to gain an
idiographic grasp of the topic you are examining. A qualitative researcher might use our example
of students becoming addicted to electronic devices to try and comprehend the myriad of reasons
why two roommates become addicted to their numerous electronic devices (Karsen, 1938).

DISCUSSION AND FINDING

The story of a race between a tortoise and a hare shows a clear narrative structure. In this story
there is an introduction, action, climax, downward action and resolution. This structure helps
introduce the contrasting characteristics and behaviors of the two main characters, the tortoise
and the hare.

Plot and Structure

The narrative structure of the story is simple and clear: introduction, rising action, peak,
declining action, and resolution. The framework serves to emphasize the moral teachings by
drawing attention to the opposing traits and actions of the two major characters, the tortoise and
the hare.

Introduction: Tortoise is slow but steady, while Hare is swift but arrogant. These are the major
characters' characteristics as the story opens.
  Rising Action: The main confrontation is set up by Hare's ribbing and a race challenge.
 Climax: Hare chooses to take a sleep while Tortoise keeps moving forward steadily.
 Falling Action: Tortoise nears the finish line after passing the Hare.
 Resolution: Hare gains an important lesson and the tortoise wins the race.

Character Analysis
Tortoise: Stands for tenacity, stability, and modesty. His steady, albeit sluggish, work serves as a
reminder of the need of perseverance.
-Hare: Denotes brashness and conceit. His overconfidence and choice to take a nap illustrate the
dangers of arrogance and underestimating other people.

Moral Teachings and Thematic Components

1. Stillness and Resilience: - Story Point: The tortoise's unwavering advancement in spite of his
sluggish pace.

 Moral Influence: The narrative reaffirms the notion that persistent work and resolve are
more dependable than bursts of high activity followed by apathy. Children learn from this
the need of tenacity in accomplishing their objectives.

2. Humility and Respect for Others: - Narrative Element: The loss that follows Hare's ridicule of
the Tortoise.

 Moral Influence: Hare's haughtiness and the fallout from it emphasize the value of
modesty and respecting people despite their seeming flaws. It encourages a courteous
attitude and discourages arrogance.

3. Determination and Hard Work: - Narrative Element: The tortoise's unrelenting sprint to the
finish line.

 Moral Influence: The narrative emphasizes that perseverance and hard work, rather than
just natural talent, are frequently the keys to success. Children are encouraged to value
 hard work and not rely only on their ability as a result of this.

4. Honesty and Fairness: - Narrative Element: There is no cheating or taking short cuts; the race
is run honestly.

 Moral Influence: This part of the narrative instills in kids the value of honesty and fair
play. It is stressed that one of the key values is achieving achievement via moral methods.

5. Taking Lessons from Mistakes:

 Narrative Element: After losing the race, Hare realizes and feels ashamed.
 Moral Influence: The story teaches kids to see setbacks as teaching opportunities. Hare's
development into a more modest figure demonstrates that making errors is a necessary
component of learning.
Conclusion
Analysis of narrative discourse in the fairy tale "The Race between the Tortoise and the
Hare" reveals how the narrative structure and story elements contribute to the formation
of values and morals. This fairy tale uses simple but symbolic characters to convey a
deep moral message.
1. Narrative and Plot Structure: The story has a classic structure with a clear beginning,
middle, and end. Initially, the arrogant Rabbit challenged the Tortoise to a race. The
middle of the story depicts a race where the Hare underestimates the Tortoise and decides
to sleep. The end of the story shows the Tortoise being persistent and finally winning the
race. 2. Characterization: The Rabbit is depicted as a creature that is fast but arrogant and
careless, while the Tortoise is described as slow but diligent and persistent. These
characters represent different human traits and how each trait influences the end result of
their actions. 3. Theme and Moral: The main theme of this tale is persistence and
humility versus arrogance and recklessness. The moral of the story clearly states that
speed and ability are not the only factors that determine success; tenacity, perseverance,
and humility are more important. 4. Symbolism: The Tortoise and the Hare become
symbols for two different approaches to life. The tortoise, with its slow but steady
approach, symbolizes the importance of hard work and perseverance. Rabbits, on the
other hand, symbolize the dangers of arrogance and taking challenges lightly.
 5. Influence on the Formation of Values and Morals: These tales serve as powerful
educational tools for children and other readers. By telling a simple but meaningful story,
this fairy tale instills values such as the importance of perseverance, hard work and
humility. This fable also teaches that underestimating others and being arrogant can lead
to failure. In conclusion, through narrative discourse analysis, the fairy tale "The Race
between the Tortoise and the Hare" is proven to be effective in forming positive values
and morals. Story structure, characters, themes, and symbolism all work together to
convey a strong, easy-to-understand moral message, making them a valuable tool in
character education.

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