ON THE JOB TRAINING UNDERGONE IN THIRUMALA

INTERNATIONAL TEXTILE, TIRUPUR

An on the job training report submitted to in partial fulfillment of
the requirement for the award of Degree of
BACHELOR OF COMMERCE WITH COMPUTER APPLICATION
BY

[Link]
(Reg. No 21UCA26 )

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF

Mr. [Link].,MCA.,[Link].,MBA(IS).,[Link].,

PG DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE WITH COMPUTER APPLICATION

HAJEE KARUTHA ROWTHER HOWDIA

COLLEGE
(An Autonomous Institution Affiliated to Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai.)
[Re-Accredited with”A++” by NAAC, Bangalore]
Uthamapalayam – 625533.
August – 2023

1
 CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that “ON THE JOB TRAINING
UNDERGONE IN THIRUMALA INTERNATIONAL TEXTILE,
TIRUPUR ” submitted to Madurai Kamaraj University in partial
fulfillment of the requirement for the award of the degree of Bachelor
of Commerce with Computer Application is a bonafide work done
by [Link] [[Link].21UCA26 ] Under my guidance and
supervision. This is her original work and no part of this On the Job
Training Report has been submitted for the award of any other
Degree, Diploma, Fellowship or any other similar titles of Madurai
Kamaraj University or any other University.

Head of the department Faculty Guide

Submitted to the viva-voce examination was conducted on

___________________________at HAJEE KARUTHA ROWTHER
HOWDIA COLLEGE,UTHAMAPALAYAM, Theni (Dt).

INTERNAL EXAMINAR EXTERNAL

EXAMINER

2
 DECLARATION

I hereby declare that this ON THE JOB TRAINING held at

“THIRUMALA INTERNATIONAL TEXTILE, TIRUPUR ”from
15.05.2023 to 30.05.2023 .The is record of original work done by me
under the supervision and guidance Mr.
[Link].,MCA.,[Link].,MBA(IS).,[Link].,Assistant
Professor in PG Department of Commerce with Computer Application
and that this training work has not formed on the basis for the award of
any Degree/Diploma/Associate ship/ fellowship or any other similar title
of Madurai Kamaraj University or any other universities.

Place : Uhamapalayam
Signature,

Date : ([Link] )

3
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I Submit my heartful gratitude to the foot of great almighty lord who is
my side and is helping me in my every step towards success.
First of all, I have to thank Hajee [Link] MOHIDEEN,[Link].,
secretary and correspondent of our college, who gave me a good life
though admitting in our college.
I take this as a great opportunity to express my heartful thanks
to the management committee and our principal, Hajee
[Link] MEERAN,, M.A .,[Link].,Ph.D.,
I Would like to express my sincere thanks to
[Link].,[Link].,[Link].,[Link]., Head of the Department
who encouraged me to do this report.
I am in a deep sence of gratitude my guide
Mr. [Link].,MCA.,[Link].,MBA(IS).,[Link]., for
this golden guidance and psychological support during my job training.
I like to thank My parents and Guardians who gave me an
opportunity to pursuer my higher studies,Above all I thank all the staff
members, PG Department of the Commerce With Computer Application,
[Link] and My Friends for their encouragement given for
the successful completion of the Training Report.

([Link])

4
 LIST OF CONTENTS

[Link] PARTICULARS [Link]

1 Introduction 1

2 Company Profile 8

3 Product Profile

4 Objectives 13

5 Reason Of Selecting This Firm 16

6 Observation about the industry 17

*Purchase Department 18

*Personnel Department 24

*Production Department 26

*Quality Control Department 40

* MarketingDepartment 44

*Financial Department 47

*Sales Department 49

7 Limitations 52

8 Findings 53

9 Suggestion 54

10 Conclusion 55

5
 INTRODUCTION

Cotton was first cultivated in the world 7000 years ago (5 th millen BC), by the
in habitents of western Pakistan, for example as the site of mehrgarh where early
cotton thread has been preserved in copper beads. Cotton cultivation become more
widespread during the Indus civilization, which covered a huge swath of the
northwestern part of the south asia, comprising today parts of eastern Pakistan and
northwestern the Indus Cotton industry was well developed and some method used in
cotton spinning and fabrication continued to be used until the modern industrialization
of india. Between 2000 and 1000 BC cotton become widespread in much of india. For
example, it has been found at the site of hallus in Karnataka around 1000 BC, well
before the common era, the use of cotton textiles had spread the from india to the
Mediterranean and beyond.
Cotton fabrics discovered n a cave near tehuacan, mexico have been dated to
around 5800 BC, although it is difficult to know for certain due to fiber decay, other
sources date the domestication of cotton in mexico to approximately 5000 to 3000
BC. Cotton has been spun, woven, and dyed since prehistoric time. It clothed the
people of ancient india, Egypt, and china. Hundreds of year before the Christian era,
cotton textiles were woven in india with matchless skill, and their use spread to the
Mediterranean countries.

For all these reasons of went to this company and got training.

“THIRUMALAA INTERNATIONAL TEXTILE COMPANY” is one of the best and

popular in Tiruppur by their effort. I had completed my training at this company.

When I start my training I was just a bookman but when I complete my training I

came out will full of practical knowledge.

6
 COMPANY PROFILE

Thirumalaa is located at Tirupur district and exporters with every facility to

manufacture the best quality garments. We started our journey during the middle of

2007. Since then we have been catering to the needs of garment importers in Europe,

the Middle Itali, and South Africa, France, Netherland. Our company The Thirumalla
International Textile Company is located at Tirupur, a place which has for centuries
been perceived as the land renowned for its knitwear business. Moreover it is located
close to the Airport and all major south Indian ports which make our transportation
[Link] Dynamic entrepreneurs started this organization consist of 7 departments
in started this Organization consist of 7 departments in itself. 50 machines are in this
organization, and every machine they have machine [Link] delivery goods,
transporting goods they have their Own- One minibus, two sumo, one minidoor, one
Eicher-vehicle.

For every department they have appointed well knowledge persons as the manger.
Year by year they are expanding their exporting areas like to sale the products in
foreign countries. Their quality only gives them great and good name among other
competitive companies.

Our company The Thiruamalaa is located at Tirupur, a place which has for centuries
been perceived as the land renowned for its knitwear business. Moreover it is located
close to the Airport and all major south Indian ports which make our transportation
easier.

7
OBJECTIVES
» Designing and developing seasonal styles and color

» Introducing and using wide range of fibers in Garment manufacturing

» Manufacturing generally difficult collections beyond customer perception

» Having specialist team for Design and Development with modem infrastructure

» Minimizing and Ultimately eliminating Rework and Rejection in the process

» Continual improvement in product Quality with consistency

» Quick response at pre-order, production and post delivery services.

8
 PRODUCT PROFILE

T-Shirts and garments are our products. There are many processes in making

T-Shirts .Now, let’s we see how do we make our T-Shirts and garments.

First, the yarn is prepared to stitch .Next step is to send the yarn to knitting.

This work is done as job work. So we send the yarn to knitting to our labours those

who are doing in outside in bulk order and dyeing is in our company itself to make

preferable colours. Then it goes to steaming by two process namely compact, Balloon

Bedding .

Product Manufactures All types of wears

Raw Materials Yarn’s

All over India and also European

Sales
countries

Conventional machines Knitting, dyeing, printing, embroidery

Name of the standard certificate ISO 9001:2000

9
PRODUCTS

We are presently doing knitted garments - Ladies/Girls-Panties , Mens/Boys-Briefs -

for all sizes , Men's- [Link], Pullover, Jackets, Jocking shoots, , Ladies-Pyjama,

Nitines, Cyclist, Pants, Panties, Children- [Link], Lingeries for Ladies Pyjama,

Cyclist, Tops, Legging, Shorts Sports Wear, Beach Wearetc. And we do computerizes

Embroideries, Flock Prints, Rubber Prints, Embossing prints.

We use 100 percentage Cotton knitted Single Jersey, Double Jersey,Thick Pique,

Waffle, Loopnet, 2 and 3 Thread Fleece with or without brushed, Air Tex, Interlock,

Honey Comb, Pontile Ribs, Jacquard fabric with 100 percentage self design, We have

auto stripper 4 and 6 colours (Orizo Machine from Italy). Velour Sheered Fabrics.

Production Capacity

Our production capacity is about 25000 pieces of [Link] ,Menswere nighty by

JamaKidswere - Briefs and 10000 pieces of basic t-shirts per day. In case of fashion

wear garments it is around 2500 to 3000 pieces per day and we are in planning to

double the [Link] are having our in-house testing lab which isgiving us a

helping hand to achieve the quality standards that are stipulilted by our buyers.

Textile TestingLaboratory

We have equipped our lab with all essential testing instruments to

ensure the best quality standards at all times. IBM Washing machine with tumble
dryer for washing the fabric/garment in the specified heat with stranded washing
materialstotestshrinkage.

10
Launderometer:

This is used to find change-in shade and bleeding of dyed and

Print colors after washing in rigorous test conditions.

Crock Meter:

This is used to measure rubbing fastness of either dyed yarn or

fabric in both wet and dry conditions.

Color Matching Cabinet:

This cabinet is used to view fabric/yarn shade in different
illuminated conditions namely Day Light(D50),Tube Light (TL84),Ultraviolet Light
(UV),Cool White Florescent Light (D65) and Incandescent Light © (6).

Machinery
We have installed the world best Sewing Machineries for

optimum benefit. The list of machineries is giving in separate sheet. Yamoto - 150

Sewing Machines, Overlock - 55 Machines with metering device, Flatlock - 50

Machines included all with trimmer with fabric edge cutter with puller and ourter

elastic joining machine and inner elastic joining machines. Singular Machines of

JUKI make and we have 15 Machines from 18 Dia to 36 Dia. And we have a

own fabric finishing Department consist of italian make Balloon Padder Relax Dryer

andTubetexCompactingMachine.

11
Sampling Department

We have a separate sampling department which is always striving for

new innovations and also on the look out for worldwide fashion trends that is

prevailing in the international market from time to time.

Designing

Garment designing is being viewed as an engine of growth in the garment

Industry. Our designers strike a balance between creativity and customer requirement.

This is being reflected in the design art work that we produce.

12
INDUSTRIAL PROFILE

The Thirumalaa International Textile Company a manufacturing and exporting

company, started if operations in 2007. Its success today is largely attributed to their

personal hands-on to ensure consists of Product-on every time.

Name of the Garments : THE THIRUMALAA INTERNATIONAL

TEXTILE COMPANY

Address : 39/1.(22) Kamaraja Nagar,

2nd Street,[Link],

Tirupur-641 602

Phone : +91 421 2487042,4240082

Mobile No : 098437 40042

[Link] ID : vetri102003@[Link]

[Link] : 3204012158

AEPC Regn No : 203441

13
ADMINISTRATION DETAILS OF THE COMPANY

Name of the Company THIRUMALAA INTERNATIONAL TEXTILE COMPANY

Year of registration : 2007

Workers strength : 50

Office Staff : 10

Total Department : 7

Vehicles : 5

Banker : Karur Vysya Bank Ltd., Tirupur.

Manufacture : Ladies and Gents Wears

Starting Capital : 10, 00,000

Aim : To Maintain the Quality

Future Plan : Extend the area of sales in abroad

14
 Manufacturing Process

Yarn

Knitting

Dyeing

Steam

Cutting

Stitching

Printing/Embroidery

Checking

Packing

15
 Organizational Chart

The Organization of “THE THIRUMALAA INTERNATIONAL TEXTILE

COMPANY ”, Tiruppur have relationship between the department organizes and the

labours. The Organier or the proprietor of this organization comes under first

category. General manager is working Under his control.

This chart shows the authority between the management and the worker.

Managing Director

General Manager

Assistant Manager

Personnel Dept Purchase Dept Production Dept Marketing Dept Sales Dept

Manager Manager Manager Manager Manager

Senior Mger Senior Mger Senior Mger Senior Mger senior Mger

Supervisors Supervisors Supervisors Supervisors Supervisors

Workers Workers Workers Workers Workers

16
Reasons for selecting particular firm

 To Know about the productions hero clothing garments for boys,

girls, ladies, gents.

 To study and understand the geographical unit of the company.

 To evaluate the performance of the unit related with different

activities.

 To understand the functions of the company

17
THIRUMALAA INTERNATIONAL TEXTILE FACTORY

LAYOUT

Canteen Import Manager

Room Room

Knitting

Rest Store
Room Room
Dyeing

Stitching Power
Room Room
Clinic
Ironing &
Packing

Security
Room

Toilet

Parking
Factory Layout Area

Gate

18
Location systematic and scientific arrangement of different departments and

equipments on a well defined plant, so as to get the maximum benefit from the space

available can be called factory layout.

Factory design and layout are the important aspects of the industry. Layout is a

plan regarding type of building arrangement, Machines, equipments, provision,

service facility, lighting, etc. In the factory building. In layout of “THE

THIRUMALAA INTERNATIONAL” designer according to the scientific, systematic

and safety approach.

Every industry should have certain qualities to get the government

registration. So all the qualities that are expected by the government are established

well in this factory.

19
OBSERVATION ABOUT THE COMPANY

In the THIRU MALAA INTERNATIONAL TEXTILE COMPANY, I

observed that the following departments are functioning well and effectively also.

 Purchase Department

 Production Department

 Sales Department

 Marketing Department

 Financial Department

 Quality Department

 Personnel Department

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PURCHASE DEPARTMENT

In Purchase department the main aim is setting quality raw materials are

purchased in weight basics in yarn form. In purchase Department, the Department

head and helper are working the raw materials they purchase are

 20’s yarn

 25’s yarn

 30’s Yarn

 40’s Yarn

Steps in the Purchasing Process

The general pattern for handling purchase orders is as follows:

1. A department initiates a request for goods or services and sends it to the

Purchasing Department.

2. Purchasing staff verifies that the specifications are complete and selects

potential sources.

3. Purchasing staff follows good business practices in determining the best offer

for required materials or services. We review quotations based upon

 unit costs and total costs;

 completeness of the order and adherence to the specifications listed

 delivery costs

 delivery time

21
  Warranties, maintenance, installation, etc., service.

4. When we award an order, we will FAX or mail an IU purchase order form

containing a purchase order number to place an order. In some circumstances,

we may telephone in an order with a purchase order number.

5. You must send an invoice with the purchase order number noted on the

invoice to the IU Accounts to payable Department before a payment can be

made.

Selection of Suppliers

The Purchasing Department staff is responsible for the selection of reputable,

dependable suppliers. If you have not dealt previously with IU, you should write or

phone the purchasing contract manager who makes purchases in the your commodity

area. New as well as established suppliers should offer competitive prices and

continue to act in good faith as far as delivery, adjustments, and other services are

concerned. IU tries to retain the good will of all suppliers by dealing fairly with them

at all times.

Please keep in mind that suppliers are selected two times during the

purchasing process:

 to receive the request for quotation

 to receive the award of the order.

If you were not one of the suppliers who received a request for quotation, you

will not be one of the suppliers considered for the award of the order. Therefore,

22
much of your efforts should first be directed toward getting your company's name on

the quotation lists for your commodities. Please keep in mind that Indiana University

is committed to providing minority suppliers every opportunity to compete for its

business, but you must be president.

Specifications

Occasionally, we must seek professional services from suppliers in developing

specifications for equipment and materials. As a general practice, if you quote a

substitute or alternate goods or services, you should clearly note the change and

provide documentation. If you have a question about this issue, please call the

purchasing contract manager before submitting your quotation.

Requests for Quotations (Price Requests)

In many instances, after we have verified the specifications, requests for

quotations (RFQ) or price requests will be sent to a number of competent suppliers.

These requests should be completed, signed, and returned as indicated on the price

request form. IU considers the pricing information to be binding. You should review

the information above under General Information while you are preparing your

quotation. Please remember: you do not submit your response to these requests, you

cannot receive orders from IU.

A signed Purchase Order (PO), an Automatic Purchase Order (APO) [both

generate a purchase order number], and a procurement card are the only methods of

purchase that obligates IU for payment. When an emergency arises, a purchasing

contract manager may use the telephone or other means of transmission to place an
23
order. However, a purchase order number is always assigned. You should not accept

requests for goods or services without a purchase order number or a valid University

credit card. No other method of purchase obligates Indiana University for payment.

If you participated in the quotation process but you did not win the order award, you

should make an appointment to see the appropriate purchasing contract manager. This

will give you:

 information on how your competitors priced their commodities;

 information about how you can be more competitive on the next quotation;

 A basis upon which to begin talking to the departments and the purchasing

contract managers about your goods and services.

Stages of Procurement

a) Finding the Budget

b) Prioritization of purchase of equipment, machinery etc. for the

Financial year for CSIR budget on project needs and priorities of

Sponsored projects.

c) Placing of the Indent by the scientist and other officers

concerned after verifying the non availability in stock.

d) Consideration of the indents by the respective SPC.

e) Calling for tender/ quotations and processing of tender papers

by the purchase department.

f) Evaluation of the tenders/ quotations by the respective SPC.

g) Submission of the papers to the competent authority for

Sanction.

h) Placement of orders.

24
Purchase of Yarns

Their company purchases raw materials from of different places. Yarn is the

prominent raw material required. Over Company purchases yarns from Salem and

Erode. The Yarn is different size are purchased. The yarn is purchased in bulk and is

brought to the production size in large containers. They are processed there and

subjected to many stages of washing. The Auro cloyhing Company purchasing good

quality of yarn to maintain the quality of its products. The yarns are purchased in

different colours to produce different varieties of knitting materials. The Quality of

the products depend directly the quality of yarns and so they are purchased with more

care in quality.

Raw Materials
The majority of T-shirts are made of 100 percentage cotton, polyester, or a
cotton/polyester

blend. Environmentally conscious manufacturers may use organically grown cotton

and natural dyes. Stretchable T-shirts are made of knit fabrics, especially jerseys, rib

knits, and interlock rib knits, which consist of two ribbed fabrics that are joined

together. Jerseys are most frequently used since they are versatile, comfortable, and

relatively inexpensive. They also are a popular material for applying screen prints and

heat transfers. Some jerseys come in tubular form, simplifying the production process

by reducing the number of seams. Rib knit fabrics are often used when a snugger fit is

desired. Many higher quality T-shirts are made of durable interlock rib knit fabrics.

Neckbands add support to the garment and give the neckline of the T-shirt a more

finished look. Neckbands are generally one-by-one inch rib knits, although heavier

fabrics or higher quality T-shirts may require two-by-two rib knits. Neckband fabrics

may be tubed rib knits of specific widths, or flat fabric that must be seamed.

25
Additional T-shirt materials include tape or seam binding, made of twill or another

stiff fabric. Binding reinforces the neckline and shoulder seams and by covering the

seams, it protects them from ripping apart under tension. Alternatively, elastic may

be used at the shoulder seams so they remain flexible.

Thread is of course an essential element in sewing any garment. Several types and

colors of thread may be used to make a single T-shirt. Some manufacturers use white

thread for seams on all their shirts, regardless of color, thus eliminating the extra labor

involved in changing the thread. Visible topstitching is done with a color of thread

that blends with the fabric. Colorless, or monofilament, thread could be used for hems

of any color fabric, again eliminating the need to change thread often, though

monofilament thread may irritate the skin somewhat. Finally, optional decorative

features may include trim, such as braiding,

26
PERSONNAL DEPARTMENT

Introduction

The Personnel department is very important for THE THIRUMALAA

INTERNATIONAL Garments. The company gives the all facilities for all type of

Employees .Above 300 employees are working in that company.

Details of Employee

Checking Workers : 30

Iron Workers : 20

Packing Workers : 10

Cutting Workers : 105

Heming Workers : 5

Working Hours

Shift Time : 08:30 am to 05:30 pm

Tea Time : Morning, Afternoon, Evening

Lunch Break Time : 1 Hour

27
Over Time

The Employee who works more than his schedule working hours is called

overtime. If Overtime is allowed, an employee for his extra time work can receive the

double amount.

The Over time is two hours 06:00 pm to 08:00pm

The Over time is changeable for Rs.17 per One day. The monthly Payment

to for 26 days in Amount Received.

Salaries

The staff and workers paid in monthly salary, one days salary I Rs.60. The

26 days in calculate to the monthly salary. The new worker to the Rs.60 per one day.

But old workers to the Rs.60 per day, and 6 months back increase of Rs.10 in one

month.

The staff and workers to the working expression of increase in the salary

from workers and staff.

Facilities

 Canteen

 Rest Room

 First aid

Bonus

In THE THIRUMALAA INTERNATIONALTEXTILE COMPANY

garments the bonus is given Deepavali, Pongal.

Bonus=Total earning * %

28
PRODUCTION DEPARTMENT

Thirumalaa international Textile biggest and most valued asset by far is its

people. A policy of empowering its people with the appropriate training and

international exposure has achieves for aero clothing , a high level of motivation

among the teams had resulted in greater operations efficiency.

Being Proactive in habit at for Thirumalaa international Textile Company. Our

teams are trained to focus on customer needs and translate them into action. Response

lands are very high with quick responses and solutions. Adherence to deadlines is

another trait that marks for aero clothing’s Commitment to its customer. Integrates

order tracking systems and management and help maximize officious. All relevant

and updated information is being web enabled for easy accessibilities and the

convenience of our business partner.

In Production Department, first yarn is sent to Thirumalaa international,

this Auro yarn is known as fabric. They follow continuous production method such

process are adopted by concerns which produce goods or services continuously

which produce goods or services continuously by putting them through a serried of

successive connected operations in anticipation of customer demand rather than in

response to customer order.

29
Different Types of Products

 Men wears

 Women wears

 Boys wears

 Girls wears

 Kids wears

A Commitment to quality blended into every project. No detail is too small to

get attention our team takes responsibility for the programmer entrusted to them

concept to store. Even our vender partners are introduces to latest technology and

Production system by our quality technologist.

Activities

 Planning
 Organizing

 Coordination

Planning

Planning is a prerequisite to attain the objectives even in a non-business

organization and more important in a business house. In the absence of planning the
firms operations may loose their direction. Planning process should ever relate to both
long and short terms. In planning both ‘Strategy’ and ‘tactics’ should be synthesized.
While ‘Strategy’ refers to the plan of action to achieve a predetermined marketing
objectives ’tactics’ refer to detailed methods and techniques employed implement the
strategy.

30
Organization

It order to work out the plan, organization is essential. it involves arranging

men and materials in such a fashion as to yield the maximum output with the

organization capabilities for achieving the objectives or goals of marketing

management.

Coordination

The activities of the business house should be coordinated keeping the

customer in mind. All departments like production, sales, advertising, marketing

research should function in a coordinated spirit and they should not clash with each

other. Coordination is essential not only in the activities of organization but also in the

activities outside the organization such as advertising, transportation

Work Activities

Controlling Machines and Processes

Using either control mechanisms or direct physical activity to operate

machines or processes (not including computers or vehicles).

Communicating with Supervisors, Peers, or Subordinates

Providing information to supervisors, co-workers, and subordinates by

telephone, in written form, e-mail, or in person.

31
Inspecting Equipment, Structures, or Material

Inspecting equipment, structures, or materials to identify the cause of errors or

other problems or defects.

Handling and Moving Objects

Using hands and arms in handling, installing, positioning and moving

materials and manipulating things.

Performing General Physical Activities

Performing physical activities that require considerable use of your arms and

legs and moving your whole body such as climbing, lifting, balancing, walking,

stooping, and handling of materials.

Getting Information

Observing, receiving and otherwise obtaining information from all relevant sources

Repairing and Maintaining Mechanical Equipment

Servicing, repairing, adjusting, and testing machines, devices, moving parts,

and equipment that operate primarily on the basis of mechanical (not electronic)

principles

32
Judging the Qualities of Things, Services, or People

Assessing the value, importance, or quality of things or people.

Monitor Processes, Materials

Monitoring and reviewing information from materials, events, or the

environment, to detect or assess problems.

Making Decisions and Solving Problems

Analyzing information and evaluating results to choose the best solution and

solve problems.

THRIUMALAA INERNATIONAL

Our Thirumalaa international unit specializes in interlock and loopback

production using machine from Germany, Italy and Taiwan. Thirumalaa international

production capacity is 2000kg per day.

Based from the patented technology in striper jacquard successfully in the

upholstery industries, the advantages of simple four tracks structure with the " float

plating" performance can reach the woven like market request.

33
Loopback

We offer luxurious, loopback Lycra fabric, which is high in quality and very

durable. Our range can be customized and is offered at competitive rates to our

clients.

Interlock

Fabric is double fabric produced by formation and interlinking

of loops by the action of two needles namely cylinder needle and dial

needle. Interlock fabric is manufactured on interlock Thirumalaa international

machines of variousdiameter and gauges depending upon the requirement of final

products to bemade from the fabric.

DYEING

The dyes have well Establishment machinery for lab testing and sample

production to volume production. Production capacity of per day in dyeing 5 tons.

Dye types

For most of the thousands of years in which dyeing has been used by humans

to decorate clothing, or fabrics for other uses, the primary source of dye has been

nature, with the dyes being extracted from animals or plants. In the last 150 years,

man has produced artificial dyes to achieve a broader range of colors, and to render

the dyes more stable to resist washing and general use. Different classes of dye are

used for different types of fiber and at different stages of the textile production

process from loose fibers through yarn and cloth to completed garments.

34
 Acrylic fibers are dyed with basic dyes, nylon and protein fibers such as wool

and silk are dyed with acid dyes, polyester yarn is dyed with disperse dyes. Cotton is

dyed with a range of dye types including vat dyes which are similar to the ancient

natural dyes and modern synthetic reactive and direct dyes.

Methods

Dyes are applied to textile goods by dyeing from dye solutions and by printing

from dye pastes.

Direct Application

The term "direct dye application" stems from some dyestuff having to be

either fermented as in the case of some natural dye or chemically reduced as in the

case of synthetic vat and sulfur dyes before being applied. This renders the dye

soluble so that it can be absorbed by the fiber since the insoluble dye has very little

substantively to the fiber. Direct dyes, a class of dyes largely for dyeing cotton, are

water soluble and can be applied directly to the fiber from an aqueous solution. Most

other classes of synthetic dye, other than vat and sulfur dyes, are also applied in this

way.

35
 The term may also be applied to dyeing without the use of mordant’s to fix the

dye once it is applied. Mordant were often required to alter the hue and intensity of

natural dyes and improve their color fastness. Chromium salts were until recently

extensively used in dying wool with synthetic mordant dyes. These were used for

economical high color fastness dark shades such as black and navy. Environmental

concern has now restricted their use and they have been replaced with reactive and

metal complex dyes which need no mordant.

Yarn dyeing

There are many forms of yarn dyeing. Common forms are: at package form

and at hanks form. Cotton yarns are mostly dyed at package form, and acrylic or wool

yarn are dyed at hank form. In continuous filament industry, polyester or polyamide

yarns are always dyed at package form, viscose rayon yarns are partly dyed at hank

form because of technology

The common dyeing process of cotton yarn with reactive dyes at package form

is given below in short: firstly the raw yarn is wound on a spring tube to achieve

package suitable for dye penetration. Then, these softened packages are loaded on a

dyeing carrier's spindle one on another. The packages are next pressed up to a desired

height to achieve suitable density of packing. The carrier is then loaded on the dyeing

machine and the yarn is dyed. After dyeing, the packages are unloaded from the

carrier into a trolley. Next, all the packages are hydro extracted to remove the

maximum amount of water. All the packages are then dried to achieve the final dyed

package. At last the dyed yarn packages are packed and delivered

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Dying Basics

Fiber-reactive dyes (Procion is one brand) are good dyes for any kind of non-

protein fiber that will take dye (linen, cotton, linen-cotton blends, rayon). These work

well in cold water, are nice and bright, and are color-fast. Soda ash (sodium

carbonate) is used to raise the acidity of the dye bath and "lock" the dye onto the fiber.

Soda ash is also caustic; while plant-based fibers can take the harshness, it can make

protein-based fibers harsh and brittle.

Acid dyes (Jacquard is one brand) are the preferred dyes for protein-based

fibers (wool, silk.). These are interesting fibers to dye, because you're manipulating

the fiber at the cellular level.

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Cutting

In Cutting Departments, Thirumalaa international Fabric is cutter according to

the Measurement given by the buyers. The Measurement is very important for making

T-shirts Garments Before going for cutting the fabric is thoroughly checked. The

cutting tables are used for cutting care should be taken when the fabric is cut based

on measurements .Because if anything goes wrong in the cutting section , then the

garments will not suit the buyers .

Before cutting, the fabric is thoroughly checked for damage on checking table

any damage in the garments they will be returned back to the company from where

the fabric is sent to embroidery or Printing section

Printing

In embroidery department, the main work is to design the T-Shirts by

stitch. As the designs are created by experts .The designs are attractive and people of

all age like the designs

Methods of Printing

There are four distinct methods at present in use for producing coloured

patterns on cloth:

1. Hands block printing.

2. Perrotine or block printing by machine.

3. Engraved roller printing.

4. Screen printing

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Preparation of cloth for printing

Goods intended for calico printing ought to be exceptionally well-bleached,

otherwise mysterious stains, and other serious defects, are certain to arise during

subsequent operations.

The chemical preparations used for special styles will be mentioned in their

proper places; but a general prepare, employed for most colours that are developed

and fixed by steaming only, consists in passing the bleached calico through a weak

solution of sulfated or turkey red oil containing from 21/2 per cent, to 5 per cent, of

fatty acid. Some colours are printed on pure bleached cloth, but all patterns containing

alizarins red, rose and salmon shades, are considerably brightened by the presence of

oil, and indeed very few, if any, colours are detrimentally affected by it.

Printing paste preparation

Formerly colours were always prepared for printing by boiling the thickening

agent, the colouring matter and solvents, &c., together, then cooling and adding the

various fixing agents. At the present time, however, concentrated solutions of the

colouring matters and other adjuncts are often simply added to the cold thickenings,

of which large quantities are kept in stock.

Colours are reduced in shade by simply adding more stock (printing) paste.

For example, a dark blue containing 4 oz. of methylene blue per gallon may readily be
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made into a pale shade by adding to it thirty times its bulk of starch paste or gum, as

the case may be. Similarly with other colours.

Before printing it is very essential to strain or sieve all colours in order to free

them from lumps, fine sand, &c., which would inevitably damage the highly polished

surface of the engraved rollers and result in bad printing.

Every scratch on the surface of a roller prints a fine line in the cloth, and too much

care, therefore, cannot be taken to remove, as far as possible, all grit and other hard

particles from every Colour.

The straining is usually done by squeezing the Colour through filter cloths as

artisanal fine cotton, silk or industrial woven nylon..

Embroidery

The embroidery unit has total of 5 machines unit of which one has 2 color

sequence attachment and loser bridge attachment minute appliqué detail in the

garment. Production capacity is 5,000 pieces per day. The Embroidery software is use

to embroider the clothes. That designs are very perfect and also latest model then

give the embroider for traditional designs also. So, all type of people’s are like that

the designs.

The fabrics send to dyeing and cutting department. The cutting material is

segmented into two. One is to printing and another one is embroidery need more

40
accurate measurement than printing. Because the fabric which is designed to

embroidery need more accurate measurement than printing. Because embroidery is

designing by embroidery machines. After their finishing touches. Now days more out

like embroideries are liked by youngsters.

First of all the fabric send to sketch the design by well experienced workness.

Then only every piece has the same effect, and same size. After that it sends to the

colour segmentation. The colours suited to that type of fabric and that colored fabric.

So the proper and bright colours are selected to improve the impression of the

embroidery.

Then the threads’ to be stitched are selected by their quality and thickness. So

the expected finishing will be give by the machineries. Because the needle used in this

type of sewing machine are very sharp and very small hole. In this type of embroidery

sections the sewing machines used are

1. Single jersey, interlock and loopback

2. Singer stitching machine

3. Over lock, flat lock machines

4. In singer stitch they use single needle to stitch, Zip, Label, Pocket,

peek.

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 The machines from Germany, Italy, and Taiwan are used in this company. For

every designs have 5000 pieces. Because in computer embroidery machines if we

select a design to embroider, it can produce up to 500 pieces the same. So we can give

the quality, color and designs in neat and grand in look will help the people to get

profit by these type of designs.

Stitching section

In stitching section they join all the cut pieces, based on the designs machines

are used for stitching and there we have many stitching machines and many workers

work in the unit. They make fully finished garments work. In the stitching section

three types of stitching machines are used

1. Singer stitching machines

2. over lock machines

3. flat lock machines

In the singer stitching machines they use single needle to stitch zip, label, Pocket

etc. As sophisticated sewing machines are used, the stitching work is done very

quickly and also very neatly the finishing is very nice and will come upto

international standard. So this company garments have high quality, so that they

can be exported to foreign countries.

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 QUALITY CONTROL DEPARTMENT

In quality control department are the raw materials and finished goods are

thoroughly checked by skilled carried out by the quality control department

1. Measure Checking

2. Damages Checking

3. Stitching Checking

4. Button Checking

Measure Checking

Measure checking is very important because, the measurements should be

correct as buyers will buy company size based on the Garments Products. The

company will be careful of avoiding any damages in goods.

Measure checking taken place after every cutting work. Because that’s only

gives the fitness of particular size. For every size they have correct measurements.

First of all they inform to all the workers about this measurements and cutting. Here

they have one supervisor; before they cut the pieces the supervisor should check the

pieces measurements. After cutting they can’t do anything.

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 And also it will leads to damage or wastage, then it results to loss of profit

percentage. In every measurements they have to utilize every meters because if they

cut unevenly it will give the clothes in unsize. It will not be reuse in any other

garments also. For every meter of cloth they should correct the measurements

checked it send to the cutting departments. There also it should be cut without

damage. The cuttings of cloth derive the fitness. After the cutting process the

remaining pieces are gathered separately.

So from the wastage of clothes also they prepare a new dress and grand in

appearance. This is very essential and also must in every garment company.

Damages Checking

The next one is damages checking. This is the separate department to check

any dye stains, holes, over printing, looping, embroidery out of the designs. After they

check any holes they have a machine that will stitch the hole by taking thread from

that piece, so the consumer. And if any over printing is there they should overcome

the mistake by giving same color embroidery there.

So damages checking are an important work. It will help the company to

maintain their name and quality among the consumers and marketers. The damages

like hole and over printing. Embroidery can be some what managed by them. But if

any stain is there, it will take more work to bring its real texture and Colour.

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 Because they should use chemicals to remove the strains. It may affect the

texture of the cloth and also the color may be dim. So this type of stain remove is a

high risk work. Uneven dyeing is also because more work. Because the appearance is

not so nice. This also makes them more complicated work.

Stitching Checking

After the cutting, embroidery, printing, the garments products are stitched

perfectly and neatly to get fine. To stitch they are using singer stitching machine to

avoid looping stitches. Flat lock machines are used to over lock the stitched pieces.

They use the single needle to stitch zip, Label and pocket.

After of every work has completed it goes the checking department to check

the stitches which are stitched in the pockets, label, zip. In this process they have

separate labours to check the measures which are used to make particular size of

wears.

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Button Checking

First and foremost checking is buttons. Because the colours and size of the

buttons are very essential to improve the attraction and also gives perfection. If the

buttons are not stitched properly also they had sent once again to the stitching

department.

So by this checking process, customer complaints will be avoided. Mostly in

all textile manufacturing companies this is the main thing they are following to

improve and bring up their name and also shine their name in this industry.

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MARKETING DEPARTMENT

Introduction

Marketing is everywhere. Formally or informally, people and organizations

engage in a vast number of activities that could be called marketing. Good marketing

has become an increasingly vital ingredient for business success. And marketing

profoundly affects our day-to-day lives. It is embedded in every thing we do from the

clothes we wear, to the website we click on, to the advertisements we see.

Good marketing is no accident, but a result of careful planning and execution.

Marketing practices are continually being refined and reformed in virtually all

industries to increase the chances of success. But marketing excellence is rare and

difficult to achieve. Marketing is both an “art” and a “science”- there is constant

tension between- the formulated side of marketing and the creative side. It is easier to

learn the formulated side which will occupy most of our attention in this project. This

project will help to improve our understanding of marketing and our ability to make

the right marketing decisions.

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 Marketing Management

Marketing Mix

Target
Market

Product Price Promotion Place

Product variety List Price sales promotion channels

Quality Discounts advertising coverage

Design Allowances sales force Assortments

Features Payment period public relations Locations

Brand name credit terms direct marketing inventory

Packing Transport

Sizes

Services

Warranties

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These four “Ps” are very important for the marketing management.

They are product, price, place, promotion. In this Thirumalaa international

Exports consists this management system very well by the correct and perfect

managers. This company has a separate marketing department. All the marketing

decision taken by marketing management with support of [Link] executable

directors. She is responsible for all the marketing functions. It maintain to checks the

supply of the products to the supplier, for the success of the organization, the

marketing department must function effectively.

Market plan

Here all the marketing plane are depend on their customer satisfaction. First

of all they will survey the product liked by the customers and style, colour. Then they

prepared offering the quotations of raw materials prices from many companies

The marketing THIRUMALAA INTERNATIONAL TEXTILE COMPANY

selected the best and also less in cost. Currently we have our export marketing covers

all over Europe(UK, Italy, Spain Germany, France) and south Africa .

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FINANCIAL DEPARTMENT

In every organization financial department should be very effective and well planned

one. Because finance is the soul of every business. Whatever anybody starts any

business they should have a sound financial background. Without this improving

business is impossible. From the raw-material to producing final goods, delivering

goods comes under this department knowledge. With this original cost they add some

percentage of profit when they deliver the good in name of piece.

All the cash transactions like receiving in the form of cash, DD etc are handled

carefully and properly by this department. Whenever they receive or send any amount

they have to record them in date wise and also in area wise dealers name. So if any

details missed in this department leads to profit loss. So they are using four types of

accounts in this department.

1. cash book

2. journal book

3. Ledger Book

4. personal ledger

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 All transactions relating to accounts are separately maintained under the cash

book, ledger, journal, two column and three column cash book. In this department the

important transactions related to bank activities have been taken properly.

Collection of all information from the various departments passing vouchers

and posting them in general ledger. Comparison of revenue accounts with budget

proposal. Capitalization for them. Preparation of bank reconciliation statement.

Preparing cost sheet at the end of every month.

Maintain computerized bills help to the company in proper condition. We can

check the doubts and clarify with computerized updates.

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SALES DEPARTMENT

The heart of the internal records system is the order to payment cycle. Sales

representatives, dealers, and customer send orders to the firm. The sales departments

prepare invoices and transmit copies to various departments. Out-of-stock items are

back ordered shipped items are accompanied by shipping and billing documents that

are sent to various departments.

Today companies need to perform these steps quickly and accurately.

Customers and sales representatives fax or e-mail their orders. Computerized

warehouses quickly fill these orders. The billing department sends out invoices as

quickly as possible. An increasing number of companies are using the internet and

extranets to improve the speed, accuracy and efficiency of the order-to-payment

cycle.

The sales department must have some qualities and facilities. They are

 A company can train and motivate the sales force to spot and report new
developments

 A company can network externally

 A company can setup a customer advisory panel

 A company cam take advantage of government data resources

 A company can purchase information from outside suppliers

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Sales Management

It means managing the sales activities with the help of some principles and

methods. Sales Management manages the whole sales distribution network. It

Includes middleman Retailer etc.

In this company it has a separate department to look after the sales by

Mr. Manikandan. Currently the company have export market also. It covers the area

of Europe [U.K, Ireland, Italy, Spain, Germany, France] and South Africa [Cape

town]

Main Sales function

As we mentioned above all the activities are going properly in this

“Thirumalaa international ” Company. That is the reason to establish it exports to

foreign countries also. All the sales informations, order invoices are immediately pass

through the e-mails and mobile phones. The complaints are also treated as

compliments. It will help them to improve their standardization and the brand name in

the competitive area.

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Channel of Distribution

Various forms of channels of distribution

 Manufacturer - Consumer

 Manufacturer - Retailer - Consumer

 Manufacturer - Whole Sales - Retailer -

Consumer

 Manufacturer - Agent - Whole sales -

Retail - Consumer

Here in this company they have

Manufacturer - Agent - Wholesales - Retailer - Consumer

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LIMITATIONS

 It is very long from our place because of distance.

 I am unable go to often there to collect more details.

 And the project is also very short because of short duration.

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FINDINGS

 The company was established in 2003 and has grown up to a great

level with in 6 years.

 They are buying yarns and they manufacture many types of auro

 wears suitable for all women and men at all ages.

 In the company, they have the embroidery unit and printing unit also.

 The success of their company is mainly because of the able

administration.

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SUGGESTION

 The Company should produce more goods. Because the demand is more than

supply

 Take steps to maintain the name

 Should collect more designs to implement in their production

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CONCLUSION

The Project of “THIRUMALAA INTERNATIONAL ” exposes the process of

producing garments for boys, girls, ladies and gents. For every company they have

some special qualities for their customers. Like this in “THIRUMALAA

INTERNATIONAL” Company has well designed, qualified fabrics and good in

finishing. This is the only thing they are maintaining from beginning.

Exporting goods to foreign countries are not very easy work. Because it wants

so much of quality control and also well designed. All these things are possible only

by their hard work.

Not only in India and also in Europe countries they had got their good name

and the brand name. Every department should be effective and also innovative. Then

only they can give one and only we can learn from this project in this company.

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