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Chapter 1 Patterns Answer Key

The document discusses the application of mathematics in daily life, including budgeting, cooking, and managing loans. It also explores how mathematics has advanced humanity through engineering, science, and technology. Additionally, it presents various number sequences, their patterns, and relationships, such as triangular and square numbers, along with exercises to illustrate these concepts.

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Dimple Maheshwari
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258 views17 pages

Chapter 1 Patterns Answer Key

The document discusses the application of mathematics in daily life, including budgeting, cooking, and managing loans. It also explores how mathematics has advanced humanity through engineering, science, and technology. Additionally, it presents various number sequences, their patterns, and relationships, such as triangular and square numbers, along with exercises to illustrate these concepts.

Uploaded by

Dimple Maheshwari
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
1. Can you think of other examples where mathematics helps us in our everyday lives? Solution: (i) We use mathematics for budgeting money. (ii) Itallows us to measure ingredients accurately while cooking. (iii) We use maths in managing loans, mortgages and understanding interest rates. (iv) It helps us with home projects by calculating areas and volumes. (v) Maths helps us calculate distances and travel times for our trips. (vi) Maths helps us to determine discounts and compare prices while shopping. 2. How has mathematics helped propel humanity forward? Solution: (i) Itis used by engineers to design safe buildings and bridges. (ii) It has helped scientists to make breakthrough discoveries in medicine. (iii) It helps in predicting the weather and understanding climate changes. (iv) Mathematical problem solving techniques are used in machine learning and artificial intelligence. (v) Maths has led to the invention of electrical appliances and other modern gadgets. Table 1 Examples of number sequences 1,1,1,1,1,1,1,.4 1,2,3,4,5, 6, 7, 1,3, 6,10, 15, 21, 28, 1,4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 1, 8, 27, 64, 125, 216, 1,2, 3,5, 8, 13, 21, 1,2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 1,3, 9, 27, 81, 243, 729, .. (All 1’s) (Counting numbers) (Odd numbers) (Even numbers) (Triangular numbers) i“ (Squares) (Cubes) (Virahanka numbers) (Powers of 2) (Powers of 3) 1. Can you recognize the pattern in each of the sequences in Table 1? Answer: Sequence Pattern LLL LL. allt’s Allterms are 1. 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,= | Counting numbers | Each term = +1 each step 1,3,5,7,9,11,13,. | Oddmumbers | Fath term=+2 each step, starting at 1. 2,4,6,8,10,12,14,... | Evennumbers | Fachterm= +2 each step, starting at 2. 1,3, 6, 10, 15, 21, 28... | Tri iangular numbers Each term = Sum of previous natural numbers. (1=1, 3=1+2, 6=1+2+3, ...) 1,4,9, 16, 25, 36,49... 1,8, 27, 64, 125, 216,... ‘Squares Cubes Each term =nx n. (of: 1% 2%, 33.) Each term = nxn xn. (n?:13, 23 33...) 1,2, 3,5, 8,13, 21,... | Virahanka numbers Each term = Sum of two preceding terms (1+1=2, 142=3, 24355, ...) 1,2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64 1,3, 9, 27, 81, 243, 729, . Powers of 2 Powers of 3 2p 71 2g 24 2, Rewrite each sequence of Table 1 in your notebook, along with the next three numbers in ‘each sequence! After each sequence, write in your own words what is the rule for forming the numbers in the sequence. Solution: Sequence (with next 3 numbers) Rule to get each number in the sequence ya yea aaa Every number in sequence is 1. 1, 2,3, 4, 5,6, 7, 8, 9, 10... Add 1 each time (1, 2, 3...) 1, 3,5, 7,9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19... Start with 1 and add 2 each time (1, 3, 5...) 2,4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20... Start with 2 and add 2 each time (2, 4, 6...) 1,3,6, 10, 15, 21, 28, 36, 45, 55... Add the previous natural numbers (121, 3142, 6=14243, ..) 1,4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81, 100... Multiply each number with itself (1x1=1, 2x2=4, 3x3: 1,8, 27, 64, 125, 216, 343, 512, 729... Multiply each number with itself twice (1x1x1=1, 2x2x2=8, 3x3x3=27, ...) 1, 2,3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89 ‘Add the two previous numbers (14122, 14253, 24355, ..) 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128, 256, 512... Double the previous number (1x2=2, 2x2=4, 4x2=8, ..) 1,3, 9, 27, B1, 243, 729, 2187, 6561, Triple the previous number 19683. {1x3=3, 3x3=9, 9x3=27, ..) Table 2 Pictorial representation of some number sequences 27 125 All 1’s Counting numbers Odd numbers Even numbers Triangular numbers Squares Cubes 2. Why are 1, 3, 6, 10, 15, ... called triangular numbers? Why are 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, ... called ‘square numbers or squares? Why are 1, 8, 27, 64, 125, ... called cubes? Solution: 1, 3,6, 10, 15, ...are called triangular numbers because they can be arranged to form an equilateral triangle. 1,4,9, 16, 25, ...are called square numbers because they can be arranged in the form of a perfect square shape. 1,8, 27, 64, 125, ... are called cubes because these numbers can form perfect cubes with dots. 3. You will have noticed that 36 is both a triangular number and a square number! That is, 36 dots can be arranged perfectly both in a triangle and in a square. Make pictures in your notebook illustrating this! This shows that the same number can be represented differently, and play different roles, depending on the context. Try representing some other numbers pictorially in different ways! Solution: Number 36: 36 36 ‘Triangular Number Square Number 20 10 ven Number Triangular Number 25 25 (Odd Number ‘Square Number 4. What would you call the following sequence of numbers? ‘That's right, they are called hexagonal numbers! Draw these in your notebook. What is the next number in the sequence? Solution: The next number in the sequence is 61. 6 1. Can you find a similar pictorial explanation for why adding counting numbers up and down, ie.,1,1+2+1,1+2+3+2+1,..., gives square numbers? Solution: The counting numbers are 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, ... 1 44241 = 4 142+3+2+1 =9 1424344434241 = 16 14243444544434241 = 25 142434445464544+34241 = 36 The sequence is 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, e, which are square numbers of form 12, 2”, 32, 4%, 52, 1 33-9 5x5 =25, ae Sy Je ae eh 6x6 =36 2. By imagining a large version of your picture, or drawing it partially, as needed, can you see what will be the value of 1+243+...+99+100+99+...+3+2412 Solution: 142434... +994100+99+...+342+1 = 100x100 = 10000. 3. Which sequence do you get when you start to add the All 1's sequence up? What sequence do you get when you add the All 1's sequence up and down? Solution: (i) Adding all 1’s sequence up a. AeLed+1=4 Ae1+1+1+1 =5 «The sequence is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, ...m.. Which are natural numbers. (ii) Adding all 1’s sequence up and down Tee141ed =5 TeLed+ 141+: « The sequenc: 1,2, 3, 4,5, 6, ...«. which are again natural numbers. 4. Which sequence do you get when you start to add the Counting numbers up? Can you give a smaller pictorial explanation? Solution: ‘The counting numbers are 1, 2, 3, 4,5, 6, 7, 142434445 = 15 14243444541 1+24344+5+647 = 28 The sequence is 1, 3, 6, 10, 15, 21, 28, -s ah me 1 _. which are triangular numbers. 5. What happens when you add up pairs of consecutive triangular numbers? That is, take 1+ 3,3 +6, 6+ 10, 10+ 15, ... ? Which sequence do you get? Why? Can you explain it with a picture? Solution: The triangular numbers are 1, 3, 6, 10, 15, 21, 28... 1 143 =4 The sequence is 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, .., which consists of square numbers. This happens because the sum of two consecutive triangular numbers always result in a perfect square. eo $8 KX OS 6-9 1 aaa ‘i 610 =16 10+15 =25 6. What happens when you start to add up powers of 2 starting with 1, ie., take 1,1+2,1+ 2+4,1+2+4+8,....? Now add 1 to each of these numbers—what numbers do you get? Why does this happen? 1424448416 = 31 The sequence is 1, 3, 7, 15, 31, ... On adding 1 to each of the numbers in the sequence, we get, w=2 3+1=4 71=8 15+1= 16 B11 = 32 The new sequence obtained is 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, ..., which can also be written as 2', 2”, 2?, 24, 25, Hence, the resultant sequence is a sequence of powers of 2. 7. What happens when you multiply the triangular numbers by 6 and add 1? Which sequence do you get? Can you explain it with a picture? Solution: The triangular numbers are 1, 3, 6, 10, 15, 21, 28, .... Multiplying triangular numbers by 6 and adding 1, we get (1x6) +1 = (3x6) +4 (6x6) +1=37 (10x6) +1 = 61 (15x6) +1 =91 (21x6) +1 = 127 The sequence is 1, 7, 19, 37, 61, 91, 127, ..... which are hexagonal numbers. 8. What happens when you start to add up hexagonal numbers, Le., take 1, 1+7,1+7+19, 1+7+19 +37, ...2 Which sequence do you get? Can you explain it using a picture of a cube? Solution: ‘The hexagonal numbers are 1, 7, 19, 37, 61, 91, 163,.... 1 147=8 147419 = 27 147419437 = 64 1+7+19437+61 = 125 14+7+19437+61+91 = 216 The sequence is 1, 8, 27, 64, 125, 216, ..... which consists of cubes. fe &) a ~ 1 8 27 64 125 41. Can you recognise the pattern in each of the sequences in Table 3? Table 3 Examples of shape sequences AH e@@® Triangle Quadrilateral_-—«Pentagon ‘Hexagon Regular Polygons | Heptagon Decagon Rie Solution: Regular Polygons: The sequence shows polygons with increasing number of sides, starting from triangle (3 sides) up to decagon (10 sides). Complete Graphs: The sequence represents complete graphs, denoted by K,, (n is number of vertices). In each graph, vertices are connected to each other by a straight line starting from Kz (2 vertices) to Kg (6 vertices). ‘Stacked Squares: Each shape consists of a square grid, with the number of squares increasing i.e, 1x1, 2x2, 3x3, 4x4, 5x5. Stacked Triangles: This sequence displays arrangements of triangles in a stacked triangular form, where each row adds an additional triangle. It grows in triangular numbers (1, 3, 6, etc.) Koch Snowflake: The sequence shows process of constructing a Koch Snowflake, starting from an equilateral triangle, each iteration adds more detailed edges, creating a fractal pattern. 2. Try and redraw each sequence in Table 3 in your notebook. Can you draw the next shape in each sequence? Why or why not? After each sequence, describe in your own words what is the rule or pattern for forming the shapes in the sequence. # & @ 2 nap BB

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