Active Science
Stage 4
Reinforcement Worksheet Answer Key
Chapter 1 to 11
Chapter 1
1 Across
2. Skull
3. Protects
4. Invertebrate
5. Endoskeleton
Down
1. Muscles
2. Skeleton
2a) An exoskeleton is a hard outer covering found on the outside of
an animal’s body.
2b) Has an endoskeleton Has an exoskeleton
Horse Centipede
Crocodile Spider
Fish Crab
Chicken Lobster
Frog Snail
Snake Bee
Ant
3a) Vertebrates are animals that have backbones while invertebrates
are animals that do not have backbones.
3b) Accept any plausible answer. Suggested answer:
1) Hamster
2) Human
4a) Accept any plausible answer. Suggested answer:
A part of the skeleton is the spine and it protects the spinal cord.
4b) Accept any two of the following answers:
1) The skeleton supports important organs in the body.
2) The skeleton gives the body shape.
3) The skeleton enables the body to move.
5a)
5b) A protects the spinal cord.
6a) Skull
6b) contracts; relaxes; contracts; relaxes
7a) Ribcage
7b) Bicep and tricep
8a)
8b) Vertebrates
9a) The girl’s biceps are contracting, and her triceps are relaxing.
9b) Biceps
10 Action Length of Bicep
Bending of the arm Decreases
Straightening of the arm Increases
Action Length of Tricep
Bending of the arm Increases
Straightening of the arm Decreases
Chapter 2
1a) Sally’s statement is incorrect. The particles of the object are
always in constant motion even in objects that are not moving.
1b)
2a) A mixture.
2b) A mixture is a substance that contains more than one type of
particle. There are two different particles found in the object, so it
is a mixture.
3a)
3b) A pure substance has only one type of particle while a mixture
contains more than one type of particle.
4a) The particles in both solids and liquids are packed closely
together.
4b) 1) Particles in a solid are arranged in a regular way while
particles in a liquid are arranged in a random way.
2) Particles in a solid vibrate in their fixed positions while particles
in a liquid can move around one another.
5a) Granular solids are solids that appear to take the shape of a
container and behave like liquids.
5b) The particles in each grain of a granular solid vibrate in their fixed
positions, just as in any solid.
6a) No.
6b) Both solids and liquids cannot be compressed as they both have
a fixed volume.
6c) Liquids do not have a fixed shape. When the rubber stopper is
removed and the plunger is pushed, the liquid can flow out of the
syringe, causing its volume to decrease.
7) Liquid Granular solid Non-granular solid
Milk Sand Golf balls
Honey Coffee powder Pencils
8a)
8b)
9a) Elizabeth. Sand is a granular solid that take up the shape of
container and behaves like liquids.
9b) The particles found in each solid grain of sand are vibrating in
their fixed positions as they are solids.
10) Statements T/F
All solids do not take the shape of the F
container they are placed in.
Both solids and liquids have fixed volumes T
and cannot be compressed.
Liquids are packed closely together and F
arranged in a regular way.
Particles are always in constant motion. T
Chapter 3
1a)
1b)
2a) State
2b) Melting and freezing do not form new substances, hence they
are physical changes.
3 Melting the bar of chocolate: Solid to liquid
Freezing the melted chocolate: Liquid to solid
4a) Liquid
4b)
5a) Location of the ice cube
5b) Time taken for the ice cube to melt
5c) Size of the ice cube
6a) more; faster; less; can
6b) less; slower; more; cannot
7a) Melting
7b)
8a) Physical changes are changes that occur with no new
substances formed.
8b) 1) Stretching an object.
2) Squashing an object.
9
10a) It is a physical change. No new substances are formed so it is a
physical change and not a chemical change.
10b) It is also a physical change. Tearing the paper does not change
the paper into a new substance or form a new substance.
Chapter 4
1 Action Observation Physical/
Chemical
Adding blue food The cake batter turns Physical
colouring to cake blue.
batter.
Adding salt to water The salt disappears Physical
and stirring. and the water now
tastes salty.
Adding baking soda to Bubbles of gas form in Chemical
vinegar. the liquid.
Placing tap water in the Tap water becomes Physical
freezer. solid.
2a) In a chemical reaction, a substance reacts with another
substance to produce one or more new substances.
2b) The cake cannot be separated into its original substances after it
has been baked.
3a)
3b) Reactants: Wood, oxygen
Products: Carbon dioxide, water vapour
4a)
4b) Burning is a chemical change as new substances are formed
after burning.
5a) Rusting. A reddish-brown substance can be found on the surface
of the pot.
5b) Jeannie should dry the pot completely before storing it.
6a) B
6b) The oil prevents air from entering the water. Oxygen is needed
for iron to rust. Without air, there will be no oxygen in contact
with the iron so it will not rust.
7a) Bubbles are produced when the pill is dropped into the water
indicating that a new substance is formed as a gas.
7b) Maria should keep the volume of water used for each experiment
constant.
8a) The chicken leg shows a chemical change when it is cooked.
8b) The milk can be cooled to its original form but the cooked
chicken cannot return to its original form as uncooked chicken.
9a) It prevents the iron from coming into contact with water.
9b) Reactant: Accept any one of the following answers: Iron, oxygen,
water
Product: Rust
10a) Reactants: Metal, Lemon juice
Products: White solid, Hydrogen gas
10b) Accept any two of the following answers:
1) The piece of metal has become smaller.
2) Bubbles appeared.
3) A white solid was formed.
Chapter 5
1 light; heat
2a) Electrical energy
2b) Electrical energy à Kinetic energy/light energy/sound energy
3a) heat; light
3b) stored; heat; light
4 Statement True
Sound is a type of energy.
When a television is turned on,
electrical energy is changed to light
energy only.
Eating food allows stored energy to be
transferred from our food to our bodies.
For any movement to happen, energy
is needed.
5a) Stored; Kinetic
5b) False
5c) Energy cannot be lost, created or destroyed. Energy can only be
transferred from one place to another.
6a) Kinetic; Kinetic
6b) Energy is needed to cause any movement to happen. / If there is
no energy, movement cannot take place.
7a) Electrical energy
7b) Electrical energy à Light and sound energy
8a) Kinetic
8b) The amount of kinetic energy will be zero.
8c) No electricity will be generated. As there is no wind, there is no
kinetic energy transferred to the wind turbine. The wind turbine
will not move as all movement requires energy. The wind turbine
will not move, and no kinetic energy will be converted to
electrical energy. Thus, electricity is not produced.
9a) Heat energy
9b) The temperature of the lamp’s surroundings will increase.
Electrical energy is transferred from the batteries to the lamp in
the form of light and heat energy. Heat energy is transferred
from the lamp to the surrounding air, which causes the
temperature to increase.
9c) Electrical energy à Heat and light energy
10a) Kinetic; Kinetic
10b) No, I do not agree with her. Energy cannot be used up, it is
transferred to another place, or has been changed from one form
to another.
Chapter 6
1a)
1b)
2 Object Tick (✓)
Black T-shirt ✓
Still water
Football ✓
Glass
3a)
3b) The light from the ceiling lamp reflects off the teddy bear toy and
into Susan’s eyes, allowing her to see the toy.
4a)
4b) Light is reflected off the toy and onto the first mirror. It is then
reflected onto the second mirror and into Timmy’s eyes.
5a)
Artificial light source Natural light source
Street lamp Firefly
Ceiling light Sun
Lamp Campfire
Flashlight Candle
Television
5b) Light rays leave the light source and travel in a straight line until
they reach Vera’s eyes, which allows her to see the light source.
6a) Metal A has a rough surface and metal B has a smooth surface.
6b) Metal B
6c) Smooth materials reflect more light than rough materials.
7a) The light from the projector reflects off the screen and into the
students’ eyes, allowing them to see the image on the screen.
7b) Accept any two of the following answers:
1) Lamps / Ceiling lights
2) Laptops / Computers
3) Projector
8a) No. The green light in the traffic light is a source of light so light
from it travels in a straight line and enters Mary’s eyes, allowing
her to see the green light.
8b) It is important for cars to turn on their headlights at night
because it is darker and light from the headlights can reflect off
objects in the street and prevent the car from crashing into the
objects.
9a) Light travels in a straight line.
9b) Light rays from the lighthouse travels from the lighthouse into our
eyes, enabling us to see the lighthouse.
10a) The reflective stripe is brightly coloured and has a smooth
surface.
10b) Light reflects / bounces off the reflective stripe and into our eyes.
Chapter 7
1 Across
1. Herbivore
3. Vaccine
6. Carnivore
Down
2. Omnivore
4. Chain
5. Habitat
7. Energy
2 Animal Diet Classification
Bear Berries, roots, fish, insects Omnivore
Elephant Grass, leaves Herbivore
Crow Seeds, fruits, insects Omnivore
Rabbit Grass, leaves Herbivore
Tiger Deer, moose Carnivore
3a) The polar bear has a thick layer of fat. This feature helps to keep
the polar bear warm in the cold Arctic habitat.
3b) The polar bear’s good sense of smell helps it to smell its prey
and find it. The polar bear’s sharp claws help the polar bear to
hunt its prey.
4a) The hummingbird has a long and narrow beak that allows it to
feed on nectar in small and narrow flowers.
4b) Wings allow birds to fly, and they can escape from predators
5a) The grass obtains its energy by using energy from the Sun to
make food.
5b) More frogs being introduced into the habitat would cause the
number of grasshoppers to decrease because there are more
frogs to feed on the grasshoppers.
6 Statements T/F
The plankton obtains its energy from the krill. F
The polar bear, penguin, and arctic fish are predators. T
Penguins are producers. F
An increase in the number of arctic fish will not affect F
the number of plankton.
Arctic fish feed on krill and are fed on by penguins. T
7a) Microhabitat
7b)
8 Producer: Tree branch, Fruit
Consumer: Termite, Bird, Squirrel, Eagle
Herbivore: Termite
Carnivore: Eagle
Omnivore: Squirrel, Bird
Predator: Squirrel, Bird, Eagle
Prey: Termite, Squirrel, Bird
9a) Yellow bumps can be observed on the leaf surface.
9b) The farmer can destroy the infected plant to ensure the infection
does not spread to the rest of the plants.
10a) Tim can get his pet dog a vaccine.
10b) Vaccines help to protect animals against infectious diseases
such as rabies and influenza.
Chapter 7
1 Across
1. Herbivore
3. Vaccine
6. Carnivore
Down
2. Omnivore
4. Chain
5. Habitat
7. Energy
2 Animal Diet Classification
Bear Berries, roots, fish, insects Omnivore
Elephant Grass, leaves Herbivore
Crow Seeds, fruits, insects Omnivore
Rabbit Grass, leaves Herbivore
Tiger Deer, moose Carnivore
3a) The polar bear has a thick layer of fat. This feature helps to keep
the polar bear warm in the cold Arctic habitat.
3b) The polar bear’s good sense of smell helps it to smell its prey
and find it. The polar bear’s sharp claws help the polar bear to
hunt its prey.
4a) The hummingbird has a long and narrow beak that allows it to
feed on nectar in small and narrow flowers.
4b) Wings allow birds to fly, and they can escape from predators
5a) The grass obtains its energy by using energy from the Sun to
make food.
5b) More frogs being introduced into the habitat would cause the
number of grasshoppers to decrease because there are more
frogs to feed on the grasshoppers.
6 Statements T/F
The plankton obtains its energy from the krill. F
The polar bear, penguin, and arctic fish are predators. T
Penguins are producers. F
An increase in the number of arctic fish will not affect F
the number of plankton.
Arctic fish feed on krill and are fed on by penguins. T
7a) Microhabitat
7b)
8 Producer: Tree branch, Fruit
Consumer: Termite, Bird, Squirrel, Eagle
Herbivore: Termite
Carnivore: Eagle
Omnivore: Squirrel, Bird
Predator: Squirrel, Bird, Eagle
Prey: Termite, Squirrel, Bird
9a) Yellow bumps can be observed on the leaf surface.
9b) The farmer can destroy the infected plant to ensure the infection
does not spread to the rest of the plants.
10a) Tim can get his pet dog a vaccine.
10b) Vaccines help to protect animals against infectious diseases
such as rabies and influenza.
Chapter 8
1a) Spreads from Spreads from animal to
human to human human
Common cold Salmonella
Measles Malaria
Smallpox
1b) Accept any plausible answer. Suggested answer:
1) Through air
2) Through touch
2 Across
3. Medicine
4. Contaminated
5. Diarrhoea
Down
1. Infectious
2. Vaccine
3 Action Tick (✓)
Rubbed her eyes ✓
Got bitten by a mosquito
Wore a mask when she went outside
Ate food without washing her hands ✓
Shared a drink with a friend ✓
4 1) Exercise regularly.
2) Maintain her hygiene by washing her hands with soap and
water.
3) Have a balanced diet.
5a) An illness is a condition that can make us feel sick and
uncomfortable.
5b) Accept any plausible answer. Suggested answer:
1) Wear a mask.
2) Wash our hands with soap and water before and after eating.
6a) A side effect of taking too much paracetamol is causing harm to
the liver and kidney.
6b) Julie should stop taking the medicine and go see a doctor
immediately.
7a) Andrew can take 1 or 2 tablets.
7b) He must eat before taking the tablets.
7c) 2 p.m.
8a) Accept any plausible answer. Suggested answer:
1) Movement helps to improve our immune system.
2) Movement helps to prevent diseases such as heart diseases
and obesity.
8b) When we move, our body uses energy to make our muscles in
different parts of the body contract and relax.
9
10a) Malaria
10b) Vaccination helps to build up our immunity so that our body’s
immune system can defend our body against infections.
Chapter 9
1a)
1b) A switch
2 Electrical conductors Electrical insulators
Copper wire Rubber ball
Gold earrings Cotton T-shirt
Aluminium can Plastic cup
Graphite
Steel ruler
3a) The greater the number of cells, the brighter the lamps.
3b) Another lamp can be added.
4 Circuit B and Circuit C
5a) Circuit A contains the insulator
5b) Open circuit: A
Closed circuit: B
6a) B, C, A
6b) C, A, B
7a) Circuits B and F
7b) A; B and F
8a) Accept any plausible answer. Suggested answer:
1) Steel
2) Iron
8b) Accept any plausible answer. Suggested answer:
1) Plastic
2) Rubber
9a) To prevent people from getting shocked by electricity when they
touch the part of wires in which electricity flows.
9b) Material B
10a) Timothy did not connect the wire fully to the cell; hence the
circuit is open, and no electricity can pass through the circuit to
the kettle.
10b) Accept any plausible answer. Suggested answer:
The handle can be made of plastic. Plastic is an electrical
insulator so electricity will not pass through it. When using a
kettle, we need to hold on to the handle so it should be made out
of an electrical insulator so that we do not get shocked.
Chapter 10
1 crust; mantle; magma; core
2a)
2b) The other layers of the Earth are too hot for living things to
survive.
3a) These countries are located near or at the edge of tectonic
plates. Those are the places where earthquakes normally occur.
3b) 1) Earthquakes damage buildings and cause damage.
2) Earthquakes cause death and destruction to property.
4 Statements T/F
All earthquakes can be felt when they occur. F
An earthquake is the sudden movement of tectonic T
plates.
Tectonic plates only move when an earthquake is F
occurring.
Earthquakes are always harmless. F
5a) The crust and the upper mantle.
5b) Sally should hide under a strong table to protect herself from
being hit by falling objects.
6a) Frictional force / Friction
6b) Frictional force can build up between two tectonic plates that are
stuck. The rocks between the plates can break and the plates
can suddenly slip past each other causing a sudden movement
known as an earthquake.
7 crust; lava; magma; eruption
8
9a) Volcanoes are usually found near the edges of tectonic plates.
9b) 1) Volcanic eruptions can destroy forests and properties.
2) Volcanic eruptions can cause health problems or death.
10a) Locations B, C and E
10b) Accept any plausible answer. Suggested answer:
Chapter 11
1 Statements T/F
The Sun moves down in the sky when it becomes F
night-time.
The parts of the Earth that face the Sun experience T
day.
When a light source is directly above an object, the T
length of the object’s shadow is the shortest.
Within our solar system, the only planet with moons is F
Earth.
2a)
2b) As the Earth spins on its own axis, one side of the Earth is facing
the Sun while the other side is facing away. The side that faces
the Sun will experience day, while the side that faces away will
experience night.
3a)
3b)
4a) The length of the shadow measured at noon will be shorter than
the length measured at 4pm.
4b) At noon, the sun is directly overhead, resulting in the shortest
shadow. At 4pm, the sun is no longer directly overhead of the
cylinder, causing the length of the shadow to be longer.
5a)
5b) 2 cm
6a) Uranus
6b) Mercury
6c) Earth
6d) Neptune
6e) Mars
6f) Saturn
6g) Venus
6h) Jupiter
7
8 Across
3. Gaseous
5. Belt
Down
1. Planet
2. Rocky
4. Sun
9a) Asteroids and comets are both irregular in shape and not
spherical.
9b) Asteroids and comets are both irregular in shape and not
spherical.
10a) The planetary system and the Solar System both have planets
that orbit around stars.
10b) The planetary system discovered by the scientist only has three
exoplanets while the Solar System has eight planets.
