EDUC 104 – TEACHING AS A PROFESSION
( REVIEWER) IBAD LPT
➢ Teaching
- profession concerned primarily w/ classroom instruction ( R.A 7836 - SEC 4 )
➢ Teachers
- Teaching elem, secondary, industrial, vocation, full time, part time. ( R.A 7836 )
➢ R.A 7836 – Philippine Teachers Professionalization (Act of 1994)
Why Teaching is a Profession?
✓ Requires number of higher education studies
✓ Regulates itself & liscensing system (PRC)
✓ Possess its own body of specialized knowledge
✓ Requires Continous professional grwoth
✓ Afford life career
✓ Sets up it’s own standards of professional practice
Dimensions of teaching professionals
✓ Effective communicator of knowledge
✓ Efficient promoter and facilitator of knowledge
✓ Judge of student’s achievements ( assessment, formal assessment)
✓ One’s who give advice
✓ Member of institution of learning
Social Dimension
✓ Mediator of culture
✓ Member of middle class
✓ A person of culture
✓ Transmitter of culture
Ethical Dimension
✓ A molder of character
✓ A model of the youth
✓ A true humanist
Professional Dimension
✓ A member of the profession
✓ One who acts within the bond
❖ Roles of Teachers
1. As a Director of Learning
➢ Plans and Organize learning activities
➢ Leads pupils/ students through learning episodes
➢ Controls the whole learmimg situations
➢ Appraises the efectiveness of the learning situations
2. As a information process
➢ Analyzes information and events
➢ Makes information reading learnable
➢ Facilitates the compre of information and events
➢ Interprets information to learners
➢ Communicate information in a manner that pupils/ student operates
3. As a Learner
➢ Know much about the general fields of knowledge
➢ Fosters thoroughly the subject matter his/her field of specialization
➢ Bring learner to the world of idea
4. As a pionner in the world of ideas
➢ Carries students of new insights and knowledge
➢ Leads children to wide ranging and unlimited inquire
➢ Develop new ideas
5. As a Decision – maker
➢ Decides on what objectives should be established
➢ Decides type of instructional
➢ Decides most effective methods
➢ Decides most approriate grouping that benefits the learners
6. As a judge of acheivement
➢ Defines what is worth achieving
➢ Defines ability level of pupils/students
➢ Evaluates pupils/students level of achievement
7. As a counselor
➢ Establish effective relationship with the individual pupils/students
➢ Collects pertinent information about each pupil/student
➢ Receive confidences
➢ Gives advices
➢ Assist on how to find situations in problem
8. As a Moralist
➢ Develops funtional moral and ethical code
➢ Creates acceptable moral atmosphere
9. As a model for the youth
➢ Exemplifies the scholarships and ideas valued of society
10. As a person of culture
➢ Possesses a broad general culture education
➢ Well- informed of curent developments in various fields
11. As a community link
➢ Participate actively in the life of community
➢ Interprets the school program to the public
➢ Bring parents to participate in school activities
➢ Utilizes the resources of the community to develop significant application of sibject
12. As a mediator of culture
➢ Articulates social, political and economic traditions
➢ Develop cultural values
➢ Transmits culture
➢ Enrichers cultual growth of pupils/student
❖ PHILOSOPHICAL FOUNDATION OF EDUCATION
IDEALISM (PLATO)
• Ideas are the only true REALITY
• What exist is in the mind only
• Existense of ideas independent from the material world
• Values remain value
• (dreams, wants, desires) (Imagination)
PRINCIPLE:
➢ Education is ideal- centered (mission, vision)
➢ Idea of reality (role model)
➢ Educative process is done mainly trough imitation, interest and effort
➢ The ultimate goal of life is the superior life
➢ School is value- reality institution
REALISM (ARISTOTLE)
• Reality exist independent on human mind
• REALITY is not in mind but in EXTERNAL WORLD
• Reality is the world of PHYSICAL OBJECT
• (REAL, ACTUAL)
• Fulfilling dreams, expressing imagination
• Truth is mutual, real, out of human mind
PRINCIPLE:
➢ Education is formation (comenins) through cultural transimossion
➢ Education is viewed mainly as transmission of information and knowledge
➢ The teacher is an authority
➢ The “TABULA RASA” theory (independent in the mind)
EMPIRICISM (JOHN LOCKE)
• To see is to believe (SENSES)
• Legitimate knowledge arises from what is provided to the mind by the senses
• Sense based experience
• Experince through the use of senses
ESSENTIALISM (SOREEN KIERKEGAARD & JEAN PAUL SARTE)
• UNIQUE INDIVIDUALS
• Own choice, freedom to choose “CHOOSE AND DECIDE”
• Accept concequences of choice
• Reality is subjective, lies within the individuals
• Individual choice and standards are control; responsibility
• Man’s freedom of in the accomplishment of his destiny
• Finding purpose
• Existense procedes essence
WHAT TO TEACH?
➢ Students are given a wide variety of opportunities from which to choose (CLUBS SCHOOL)
➢ Student afford theirpreferred subj. matter
HOW TO TEACH?
➢ Focus on the individual
➢ Learning is self- paced, self directed
➢ Includes a great deal of individuals contact w/ teacher
ESSENTIALISM (WILLIAM BAGLEY)
• “going bact to basic”
• Focus on 3R’s
• Teacher is authority
• Specialization and specialized subject
• Essesce proceeds existence
• (TRADITIONAL WAY OF TEACHING)
EXAMPLE:
- provide guidelines first before proceeding activuty
- basic to the higer level of learning
WHAT TO TEACH? (SKILLS)
▪ Academically rigorous
▪ Basic skills 4rs’
▪ Skills for preparation of life
HOW TO TEACH? (BOOK)
▪ DRILL METHODS that will enable than to cover as much academic
PERRENIALISM (ROBERT HUTCHINS)
• UNIVERSAL HAPPENINGS
• Happening in the past (bible, literarure, mathematics, history)
• Subject Centered
• Humanities GENERAL SUBJECT
• Happenings in the past
• Study of humanities and generalist sibject
HOW TO TEACH?
▪ Teacher – Centered Methods
▪ They do not allow the student
UTILITARIAN ( HERBERT SPENCER)
• Utilize skills (SKILLS)
• Vocational and professional education
• Scientefic and practical
PRAGMATISM (CHARLES SANDERS PIERCE)
• Experimental – Practice
• Good result – truth
• Experimental Method
PRINCIPLE:
➢ Goals of education are more educative and social efficieng
➢ Learning by doing/Learning by experience
PROGRESSIVISM (JOHN DEWEY)
• Grew from pragmatic philosophy
• Education should FOCUS on the WHOLE CHILD
• Experiential based, discovery, scientific – method, problem solving
• Active interplay
• Strike while the iron is hot
HOW TO TEACH?
- inquiry method
- hands on minds
BEHAVIORISM (JOHN WATSON)
• REINFORCEMENT/REWARD
• Learning environment
• Condition of learning
• Modify in learning environments
CURRICULUM:
- Experienced – centered, computer assisted instruction, interactive multimedia
SOCIAL RECONSTRUCTIVISM (RALLYHISTA)
• students involve in society
• social
• economical
• political
• reconstruct society
• reform or change society
RATIONALISM (RENE DESCARTES)
• Reason and Intuition
• REASON – MENTAL POWER
• Know what is right or wrong
HEDONISM (ARISTIPPUS)
• YOLO
• Excessive pleasure
• Pleasure is the only good thing
• Ex. Horny person/Inheat/ BEST EXAMPLE AMONG FRIEND NA SI JEBAN
EPICURENISM (EPICURUS)
• Pleasure with contentment
• We should seek pleasure but do not indulge with it
• Pleasure consist of simple and moderate life
• Know the consequence/Limitation
STOICISM (ZENU SITUIM)
• LABAN LANG
• “Everythings happen for a reason”
• Patiently accept and endure them
PRIMITIVE PERIOD
❖ Education for secuirity, survival, self prevention
❖ Informal education
❖ Observation and demonstration – simplest method of teaching
ANCIENT CHINA
• Filial peit, family ties, respect for eleders, selfless & honest
• Civil service, golden rule, revenew for teachers, scholarship
• Earliest form of education for all/Democratic Education
• Cunfucius, Mencius, Lao Tzu – Famous Chinese Teacher
ANCIENT EGYPT
• Practical and empirical education
• Skilled labor, craftsman
• Knowledge of practical arts, science and the apprenticeship program
• Skilled – labor Program
ANCIENT INDIA
• Education for cultural transmission and assimiliation, spiritual attachment
• Deep spiritual and rigid social class
• Hinduism is a spiritual way of life field to the rigid caste system
• Reasons who belong to the high class receive highest
ANCIENT GREEK (ATHENIANS)
• Liberal education and preapration for a well – rounded individuals for participation in citizenship
• 3Rs’
• Music school
ANCIENT GREEK (SPARTAN)
• Military education
• Boys for MILITRAY SERVICE and CITIZENSHIP
• Girls for FAMILY LIFE as HEALTHY WIVES & MOTHERS
MODER EDUCATORS
• (JOHN LOCKE) – FATHER OF ENGLISH EMPIRICISM
• Experiment of discipline & Adulthood “TABULA RASA” theory
• (RICHARD MALCASTER) – TEACHER TRAINING SCHOOL
• Normal school
• (FRANCOIS FERELON) – PERCIEVED THE EDUCATION OF A WOMAN
• (JOHN BARTIST DE LA SSALE) – PROVIDE THE DE LA SALLE SCHOOL
• POOR AND UNPREVILIGED
• (JOHANN HIENRICH PESTALOZZI) – LANGUAGE, SOCIETAL RECOGNATION THROUGH
PBSEVATION
• (FRIEDRICH FROEBELS) – FATHER OF KINDERGARTEN
HISTORY OF EDUCATION IN THE PHILIPPINES
• Pre – hisparic Period
• No system of formal education
• Education comes from mother/father as well as the tribal leaders
SPANISH PERIOD
• Educational decree of 1863 – FREE PUBLIC SCHOOLS SYSMTEM
• NORMAL SCHOOL
• SPANIARDS TRAINED THE TEACHERS
AMERICAN PERIOD
• AMERICAN SOLDIERS IS THE FIRST TEACHERS
• EDUCATION ACT OF 1901 – ACT NO. 74
• DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION
• EDUCATION FOR FILIPINOS / FREE PRIMARY SCHOOL
• PENCIONADOS – filipinos sent to study abroad
PHILIPPINE NORMAL SCHOOL (PNS)
• PHILIPPINE NORMAL COLLEGE
• TWO – YEAR SECONDARY EDUCATION
• 4 – YEAR BEED COURSE WAS OFFERED
• 1928 – TWO YEAR JUNIOR COLLEGE
JAPANESE PERIOD
• JAPANESE EDUCATIONAL POLICIES
• EBODIED MILITAR ORDER
• “LOVE FOR WORK AND DIGNITY FOR LABOR”
PRESIDENTIAL DECREE (1006)
• FIRST LEGAL DOCUMENTS
• PROFESSIONALIZED TEACHING
• IMPOSED BY FERDINAND MARCOS
Who are considered Teacher?
- Elementary Teacher
- School Librarians
- Industrial Arts/Vocational Teacher
- School head and Principal
- High School
➢ Creates and coduct the exam
➢ National board for teachers
➢ Written examination call (PBOT) – Professional Board Examination gor Teachers
➢ Pass the exam
➢ Gen ave. 70% in all subject without no rating 50% in ANY subjects
➢ Get after passing the exam (Professional Teacher Certificate)
R.A 7836 (PHILIPPINE TEACHER PROFESSIONAL ACT OF 1994)
❖ SECTION 3
• The promtion, devision and professionalization of teachers and the teaching profession
• The supervision and regulation of liscensure exam
❖ SECTION 4
• Elementary/High school
• Industrial/Vocational
• School head/ Principal
• Board – board of professional Teacher
❖ SECTION 13
• Exam, registration, liscense required written examination
• (LET)
• BEED – gen ed 40% Prof ed 60%
• BSED – gen ed 20% Prof ed 40%
• SPECIALIZATION 40%
• Valid cert. of registration and a valid professional liscense
❖ SECTION 15: QUALIFICATION REQ. OF APPLICANTS
• Citizen of the philippines
• At least 18 years
• Good health and good reputation
• “Alien” whose country has reciprocity with philippines in the practice of the teaching
profession
• Vocational and Technical courses: 18 units in Professional
• Arts and science: 10 units in professional education
❖ SECTION 16
• Report of the result of exam
• (120 days) (3 or 2 months)
❖ SECTION 17
• ISSSUANCE OF CERTIFICATE OF REGISTRATION
• FROFESSIONAL LISCENSE
❖ SECTION 18
• Oath before practice teaching
❖ SECTION 22
• Integration of the teaching profession
• PAFTE
• All professional teacher should encouraged to become a member of the integrated
national recognition.
❖ SECTION 23
• Recognition of the certificate of the registration
• Criminal offense (punishable by law)
• Immoral, Unprofessional/Dishonorable conduct
• Decleration of a court of competent judisdiction for being mentally unsound or insane
(MABUANG)
• Malpractive, gross incompetence, gross negligence
• Fraud deceit in obtaining certificate of registration
(MAGHIMO KA UG FAKE NA CERTIFICATE! GUNI GUNI)
• Unjustified willful ( Failure to attend seminar/workshop) TAPULAN!
❖ SECTION 26
• Registration and Eception
• Holder of certificate iligibilty as a teacher issued by (CSC & DECS
• Registered professional teachers w/ national board for teachers under DECS
❖ SECTION 28
• Penalty Provision
• Not less than 5,000/ not more than 20,000
• Imprisonment 6months or more than 5years
• False evidence
• R.A 9293 amendment to 7836
❖ SECTION 15
• Arts & sicence
• 18 Units in profession education
• 5years wala naka teach 12 REFRESHER UNITS
• 6 units for pedagofy
• 6 unit for courses
• Para teacher; 70 to 74% rating na wala naka pass sa exam
• Shortage/absense of ptofessional teacher have 2years contract / 2yrs extention
❖ ARTICLE XIV of the 1987 CONSTITUTION
➢ SECTION 1
• To protect and promote the right of all citizen of education quality
(ALL LEVELS)
• Education accesible to all
➢ SECTION 2
• Free public education in the elementary & HS levels
• Scholarship grants both public & private school
• Student loan programs
• Emerge non fromal, informal and indigenous
• Learning system, self learning (ALS)
• Provide adult citizens, disabled
➢ SECTION 3
• Preamnles patriotism, nationalism
• Love of humanit and respect human rights
• Appreciation of role of heroes
• Histoy of the county
• (MAKABANSA/HEKASI)
3 CONDITIONS FOR TEACHING RELISIM
• Regular class hour
• w/o additional cost to the government
•
➢ SECTION 4
• No educational institution shall estsblished exclusively
• No group opf adhere shall compromise mopre than 1/3
➢ SECTION 5
• Academic freedom shall be enjoyed
➢ BATAS PAMBANSA 232
• Trifocalized system of education
• ‘;(DEPED, CHED, TESDA)
• DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION (R.A 9155)
• BASIC EDUCATION
• R.A 9155 renamed DECS to DEPED
• School – heart fromed education process
• Shared Governance (De centaralized)
➢ CHED ( R.A 7722)
• Bachelors, masters, doctorate degree courses
• Technical Education and Skill Development
• AUTHOROTY R.A (R.A 7796)
• VOVATIONAL AND TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(R.A 4670) – MAGNA CARTA FOR PUBLIC SCHOOL TEACHERS
• Social and economic status of public school teachers
•
❖ SECTION 2
- Not included colleges and university
- And professional staff
❖ SECTION 11 – MARRIED TEACHERS
❖ SECTION 12 – ACADEMIC FREEDOM
❖ SECTION 12 – TEACHING HOURS
• Regular school hours (8hrs)
• Regular class hour (6hrs)
25% COMPENSATION PAG NAG OVERTIME (OT)
❖ SECTION 16
• Salary scale
❖ SECTION 19
• Special Hardship Allowance
• 25% of monthly salary
❖ SECTION 22
• Medical examination and Treatment
• Free assistance from government – free treatment
❖ SECTION 23
• Compensations for injuries
• Free medical check up’s
❖ SECTION 24
• Study leave
• 7years of public schoool servive
• Study leave not exceeding 1year
• 60% of the monthly salary
• 1month extend but not compensated anymore
❖ SECTION 25
• Indetintive leave
• Illness demands
❖ SECTION 26
• Salary increase upon retirement
PROVISIONAL TEACHER
✓ Teaching as a vocation – “vocation” means to call
✓ Teaching as a mission - means to send/task assigned
✓ Teaching as a profession –
CODE OF ETHICS under (R.A 7836)
➢ PREAMBLE
✓ Duty liscenced professionals
✓ Dignity & reputation with high moral values
✓ Technical and professional competence
✓ Noble profession
➢ SCOPE AND LIMITATION
✓ All public and private school
✓ Prc, private, elementary, secondary, (covers this code)
➢ THE TEACHING AND THE STATE
❖ SECTION 1
• The school and the nurseries
• Teacher is a trustees
❖ SECTION 5
• Not enggage in the promotion of a political, religion, partisan
❖ SECTION 6
• Constitutional rights
❖ SECTION 7
• Not use position to harmothers
❖ SECTION 3
• Refrain gamling, smoking, drunkernessexcessive, much elicit ralations
• The teacher and the community’
❖ SECTION 4
• Study and understand local costumes and traditions
• The teacher and the profession
❖ SECTION 1
• Noble calling – (pride)
• Teacher and the profession
❖ SECTION 3
• CPE
• Teacher shall support one another
❖ SECTION 2
• Not entitle to claim credit or work not his own
❖ SECTION 2
• Progress and deficiences of learner under him exercising
❖ Section 3
• Teachers and parent’s compliments w/sympathy
TEACHER AND BUSINESS
❖ SECTION 1
✓ Legitimate income – directly/Indirectly (does not affect his work as a teacher)
❖ SECTION 3
✓ Modesty in clothes
❖ SECTION 4
✓ Always recognize almight God
SELECTED DEPED PROGRAMS)
▪ Child friendly program (CFSS)
▪ UNICEF & DEPED
▪ Every chicld a Reader Program
R.A 10533 (ENHANCED BASIC EDUCATION ACT 2013)
▪ 13 YRS OLD
R.A 10157 (KINDERGARTEN EDUCATION ACT 2012)
▪ At least 5yrs ols
▪ MTB – MLE
R.A 10912 (CPD ACT 2016)
▪ From 45 units to 15 units every 3years
R.A 8528 (ADOPT – A – SCHOOL ACT)
▪ Teachers in private education act
▪ ESC
UNESCO 4PILLARS OF LEARNING
▪ “Written each child lives is a treasue”
LEARNING TO KNOW
▪ Mind on learnings
▪ Learning skills
▪ INFORMATION/KNOWLEDGE
LEARNING TO DO
▪ Vocational – technical education
▪ Minds on learning
LEAENING TO LIVE TOGETHER
▪ Beats on learning
▪ Diversity
▪ Genuiene
LEARNING TO BE
▪ Learning to be human
▪ IDEALISTIC
▪ Holistic
LEARNING TO TRANSFROM
▪ Become an inspiration
▪ Creare lasting change
