KERAJAAN MALAYSIA

JABATAN KERJA RAYA MALAYSIA

STANDARD SPECIFICATION
FOR ROAD WORKS

Section 2: Earthworks

KETUA PEl\GARA I-I K ERJA RAYA

JABATA ' KERJARAY MALAY IA
JALA S LT ALAHUDDI .
-0582 KUALA LU IPUR.
 (JKRlSPJ/2020-S2)

FOREWORD
As practices in road construction change over time, it is imperative for Jabatan Kerja Raya
(JKR) to continuously update and improve their standard specifications. These new
specifications not only aimed at keeping abreast with current technologies but also helping in
improving the quality of constructed product. In unison, these new specifications have
significant positive impact on the construction industry especially with the incorporation of
new products and technologies.

Standard Specification for Road Works is an essential component in the road infrastructure
construction industry. This specification provides an improved guidance in the material
selection and the production of good quality workmanship and products based on current
best practices . The purpose of this standard specification is to establish uniformity in road
works to be used by road designers, road authorities, manufacturers and suppliers of road
related products.

This document "Standard Specification for Road Works - Section 2: Earthworks

(JKRlSPJ/2020-S2)" is a part of series of improved specifications in the Standard
Specification for Road Works . The compilation of this document was carried out through
many discussions by the technical committee members. Additionally, it has been presented
at a technical workshop held on February 2019. Feedbacks and comments received had
been carefully considered and incorporated in the Specification where appropriate as well as
considering the ambiguities and difficulties that arise in the previous version .

In the new version of this Specification, it has also considered the use of two newly
introduced Specifications, namely "Standard Specification for Road Works - Section 18: Soil
Stabilisation (JKRlSPJ/2018-S18)" and "Standard Specification for Road Works - Section 20:
Ground Improvement (JKRlSPJ/2020-S20)", where both should be read together with this
Specification where applicable.

This Specification also had been presented in the Mesyuarat Teknikal Cawangan Jalan
8il.6/2019 on 23rd September 2019, approved in Mesyuarat Jawatankuasa Spesifikasi
Piawai JKR bagi Kerja-kerja Ja/an Bil. 212020 on 131h March 2020 , and finally presented in
the Mesyuarat Pengarah Bil. 0412020 on 171h August 2020.

This document will be reviewed and updated from time to time to cater for any changes on
policies and current requirements. In this respect, any comments and feedback regarding to
this specification should be forwarded to Sahagian Pembangunan, Inovasi & Standard , U
Cawangan Jalan .

Published by: -
Cawangan Jalan,
Ibu Pejabat Jabatan Ke~a Raya Malaysia
Tingkal 21 , Menara PJD ,
No. 50, Jalan Tun Razak ,
50400 Kuala Lumpur.
Email: [email protected]. my
September 2020

@2020 Jabatan Kerja Raya Malaysia

Hakcipta Terpelihara

S2-;
 (JKRlSPJ/2020-S2)

SECTION 2 - EARTHWORKS

PAGE

2.1 GENERAL REQUIREMENT S2-1

2.2 METHOD OF CONSTRUCTION S2-2

2.3 SITE CLEARING, GRUBBING AND STRIPPING TOPSOIL S2-2

2.3.1 Description S2-2

2.4 EARTHWORKS S2-5

2.4.1 Definition S2-5

2.4.2 Confirmation of Hard Mass or Rock Mass Excavation S2-7

2.4 .3 Roadway Excavation S2-8

2.4.4 Filling Works S2-12

2.4 .5 Rock Fill Embankment S2-16

2.4 .6 Filling on The Sfot Ground S2-17

2.4.7 Subgrade S2-18

2.4.8 Protection and Maintenance For Erosion Control S2-20

S2- iii
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SECTION 2 - EARTHWORKS

2.1 GENERAL REQUIREMENT

Th is specification covers the construction of the earthworks including the clearin g and
removing of all obstacles within the limits of the earthworks; the excavation of all cuts,
including excavation below the final subgrade surface; the excavation of borrow
areas, benches and surface drainage facilities; the transport of the excavated material
to fill or waste; and construction of the fills and subgrade; shaping , trimming , turfing
and mai ntaining of the works, in conformity with the Drawings and in accordance to
the Specifications.

The excavation and earthworks shall be executed in such a manner and order as
approved by the S.O. The Contractor shall be responsible for compliance with any by-
laws and regulations relating to earthworks.

Excavation in rock mass and/or hard mass shall respectively be meas ured and paid
for as extra over to excavation of earthworks and in accordance with the Provisional
Bill of Quantities (B.Q.). The Contractor shall give reasonable notice to the S.O. to
examine, classify the excavation and to take measurement prior to breaking up.

For contract based on Specifications and Drawings , unless otherwise provided in the
Contract for the purpose of pricing the excavation and ea rth works, the whole
excavation shall be assumed to be without rock mass and/or hard mass as defined
hereafter.

For contract based on Quantities, the pricing shall be in accordance with the B.Q and
deem to include all testing req uired by this specification.

Computation of volume for rock mass excavation for the purpose of payment shall be
based on nett volume excavated.

The Contractor shall comply with all statutory requirements and regulations such as
payment of royalties and environmental protection for removal of unsu itable material
and borrow materials.

The Contractor shall provide where necessary temporary water cou rses, ditches,
drains, pumping or other means of maintaining the earthworks free from water. Such
provision shall include ca rrying out the work of forming the cuttings and embankments
in such a manner that their surfaces at all times are at sufficient gradient to enable
them to shed water and prevent water ponding .

In pumping water out from excavation and in the lowering of water table, the
Contractor shall pay due rega rd to the stability and settlement of all structures .

Adequate means for trapping silt sha ll be provided on all temporary drainage systems.
Similar arrangements shall be made for all earthwork s including excavation whether
for pile trenches, foundations or cuttings.

Should the surface of completed areas be damaged by erosion or by any other

causes, the Contractor at his own cost shall make good such areas to the approval of
the S.O.

The Contractor sha ll exercise care in preventing wastage of suitable material needed
for embankment or fill construction .

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 (JKRlSPJ/2020-S2)

Clearing shall be carried out to the extents deemed necessary and

approved or directed by the S.O. in areas outside the road reserve
where channel excavation or other work is required .

In areas which are to be cleared only, and in which grubbing and

stripping topsoil are not required , method of work s shall be such as
will not unduly damage the surface vegetation and topsoil, and care
shall be taken not to disturb the topsoil and the root systems of
grasses and other surface vegetation. No topsoil shall be removed
from such areas , except as directed by the S.O., and any topsoil,
grasses and other surface vegetation otherwise removed or disturbed
shall be replaced and made good at the Contractor's own expense,
with the agreement of the S.O.

Unless otherwise shown on the Drawings and/or directed by the S.O. ,

clearing, grubbing and stripping of topsoil shall be carried out in all
areas of roadway excavation and in all areas where embankment is to
be constructed , except that grubbing and stripping topsoil sha ll not be
carried out in those areas where embankment is to be constructed on
ground identified as swamp or soft ground .

Clearing shall consist of cutting and/or taking down, removing and

disposing of everything above ground level, including objects such as
walls, fences , drains and other obstructions, except specific trees ,
vegetation 's , structures or parts of structu res and other things which
are designated in the Contract to remain , or well be removed by
others, or which the SO. directs to be left undisturbed. The materi al
to be clea red shall include but not necessarily limited to trees , stumps
(parts above ground) , logs, brushwood , underg rowth , long grasses,
crops, loose vegetable matter and structures (except those structures
whose removal or clearance is otherwise provided for in the Contract).
Clearing shal l also include levelling of obsolete dikes, terraces,
ditches, etc. , unless otherwise stated and directed by the S.O .

Al l holes and cavities on the ground surface after clearing , grubbing

and stripping topsoil shall be filled with materials similar to the
adjacent ground , and such fill shall be compacted to a dry density as
specified by Sub-section 2.4.4.4 (c) , with the agreement and approval
of S.O.

Thi s work shall be considered incidental to the work of clearing ,

grubbing and striping topsoil, and shall not be measured for payment.

2.3.1.2 Grubbing

Grubbing shall co nsist of removing and disposing of surface

vegetation , bases of stumps , roots, underground parts of structures,
and other obstructions to a depth of at least 500 mm below ground
level , with the agreement of the S.O.

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2.3.1.7 Disposa l and Dumping

All materials resulted from site clearing shall be dumped to the

Contractor's dump site as approved by the S.O. The contractor at his
own expenses shall be responsible for the removing and dumping of
all materials in accordance with Environmental Quality Act 1974 and
Solid Waste and Public Cleansing Management Act 2007.

Objectionable material such as combustible material including all

timber (except timber to be salvaged or used ), all brushwood, stumps,
roots, vegetation from clearing , grubbing and stripping topsoil
(including the demolition of structures) shall be disposed as approved
or directed by the S.O.

2.4 EARTHWORKS

2.4.1 Definitions

(a) Formation Level

Formation level means the top surface of the sub-grade.

(b) Sub-grade

Sub-grade mean s part of the embankment or existing ground in cutting

which is immediately below the sub-base or lower sub-base of the road
pavement and shoulders.

(c) Common Excavation

Common excavation mea ns excavation in any materia ls which exclude

hard mass or rock mass as defined in SUb-section 2.4.1 (f) and Sub-
section 2.4.1 (g) .

(d) Unsuitable Mate rial s

Un suitab le mate ri als shall include:

(i ) Running sil t, peat , logs , stumps , roots , grass and other vegetable
matter, perishable or toxic material, slurry or mud ; or

(i i) Organic clay and organ ic silt; or

(iii) Any material

which is susceptible to spontaneous combustion; andlor

which is clay having a liqu id limit exceeding 80% and/or

plasticity index exceeding 55%; and/or

whi ch has a loss of weight greater than 2.5% on ign ition ;

and/or

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 (JKRlSPJ/2020-S2)

For determination of the volume of ind ividual boulder, diameters of the

boulder in three (3) orthogonal directions shall be taken . The average of
the three (3) dimensions shall be used to calculate the volume of boulder.
Records of measurements and photographs shall be taken and recorded
kept supporting the calculation of the volume of boulder.

2.4.2 Confirmation of Hard Mass or Rock Mass Excavation

Confirmation of hard mass or rock mass excavation sha ll be verified by direct

method and ind irect method as described below:

(a) Direct Method by Trial Excavation

Trial excavation shall be carried ou t using the machineries and
equipment as specified in Sub-section 2.4.1 (f) and Sub-section 2.4.1 (g)
to confi rm that the excavated material is categorized under hard mass or
rock mass excavation based on its hourly production rate. The trial
excavation shall be carried out on a flat platform (as much as possible) in
order to develop the rated horsepower at maximum efficiency. All
machineries shall be run in good condition and operated by skilled
personnel approved by the S.O.

In the event where the Contractor unable to provide the machineries as

stated in Sub-sections 2.4.1 (f) and Sub-sections 2.4.1 (g) , the
Contractor may propose similar mach ine that can be used at site for the
pu rpose of trial excavation for the S.O. approval. The equiva lent
production rate of the machine can be calculated by referring to the ta ble
as shown in APPENDIX 2A.

The ripper unit shall' be' used in excavation of hard mass and rock mass
on ly and shall not be used in common excavation.

(b) Indirect Method by Point Load Test

Point load test shall be ca rried out on excavated material for this pu rpose
by using portable point load tester apparatus. Minimum ten (10) rock
samples from the excavated material resulted from the direct method by
trial excavation (as described in (a» shall be tested and the results
interpretation are shown in TABLE 2.1. Sample to be tested sha ll have
size not less than 30 mm and not more than 85 mm with the preferred
dimension about 50 mm according to ASTM D573 1(see APPENDIX 2B).

TABLE 2.1: CATEGORY OF EXCAVATION BASED ON CORRECTED

POINT LOAD TEST INDEX , I5/501

Corrected Point Load Test Index,

Type of Excavation
1'(50)

Not applicable
Common Excavation (no solid sample can be tested)
< 80% of the sam pies
Hard Mass obtain result < 2MPa
~80% of the samples
Rock Mass obtain resu lt ~ 2M Pa

S2-7
 (JKRlSPJ/2020-S2)

approval prior to dumping .

2.4.3.5 Removal of Unsuitable Material and/or Soft Soil Layer

The depth of removal shall be as shown in the Drawings or as

determined by tria l pits or JKRlMackintosh Probe test as approved by
the S.O. The tria l pits or probe test shall be carried out at locations as
indicated in the Drawings or as instructed by the S.O .

Unsuitable material and/or soft soil layer shall be excavated to such

depth and over such area as shown on the Drawings and/or as
directed by the S.O. and be transported and disposed of in an
approved manner. Unless approval of the S.O. to dump and spread
the unsuitable material and/or soft soil within the Site is obtained , the
Contractor sha ll be responsible for providing his own dump site for
such unsuitable material and/or soft soil.

Voids created due to removal of unsuitable material shall be backfilled

with suitable material compacted to a dry density as specified by Sub-
section 2.4.4.4 (c) or that specified for the respective part earthworks
or as directed by the S.O.

2.4.3.6 Replacement of Excavated Material Under Standing Water

Where it is shown on the Drawings or directed by the S.O. that

replacement of excavated material shall be done under stand ing
water, voids created due to removal of excava ted material shall be
backfilled with hard clean crushed rock, natural gravel or sand grading
within the respective limits specified in TABLE ,2.2.

TABLE 2.2: GRADING LIMITS OF MATERIALS FOR

REPLACEMENT OF EXCAVATED MATERIAL

B ,S. Sieve Size % Passing by Weight

Crushed Rock or Gravel

63.0 mm 100
37 .5 mm 85 - 100
20.0 mm 0 - 20
10.0 mm 0- 5
Sand
10.0 mm 100
5.0 mm 90 - 100
1.18mm 45 - 80
300 ~m 10 - 30
150 ~m 2 - 10

S2-9
 (JKRfSPJ/2020-S2)

Otherwise, excavated rock shall be used in the construction of

embankment and fill , to the fullest practical extent, in either of the two
(2) following ways:

(a) Excavated rock shall be broken down to maximum particle size of

300 mm and used as rock fill as described in Sub-section 2.4.5;

(b) Excavated ro ck shall be broken down to maximum particle size of

150 mm , blended with suitable ea rth fill material in a proportion
not exceeding 1 rock to 1 earth, and used as common fill.

The Contractor may fully utilize excavated rock material. The

excavated rock needed for earthwork construction which the
Contractor choose not to use shall be replaced at the
Contractor's own expense by borrowed materials of satisfactory
quality from alternati ve locations approved by the S.O.

2.4.3. 10 Storage and Handling of Explosives

The storage and handling of explosive sha ll be adhered to all

Authorities' requirement. The prevention of any unauthorised issue or
improper use of any explosive brought on the Works shall be the
responsibility of the Contractor and on ly expe ri enced and qualified
personnel shall be employed to handle explosives for the purpose of
the Works .

2.4.3.11 Blasting

Explosives sha ll be used in the quantities and manner recommended

by the manufacturers and blasting specialist. Blasting shall be
restricted to such periods as the S.O. may prescribe and to comply
with all authorities ' req uirements. If, in the op inion of the S.O., blasting
wou ld be dangerous to persons or properties or to any finished work ,
or is being carri ed on in a reckless manne r, he may prohibit it and
order the rock to be excavated by other means. Such authorisation
shall not in any way relieve the Contractor of his liabilities under the
Conditions of Contract.

All necessary precautions shall be taken to avoid over break. As the

excavation approaches its fina l face , blasting wi th pre-splitting
technique shall be carried out to reduce blast damage and create
reasonably even fini shed surface .

52· 11
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- Compaction Test (4 .5 kg rammer method)

Additional test on ly for material for lower sub-base and top 300 mm of
subgrade:

- California Bearing Ratio (CBR) Test (4 days soak with surcharge

and swell measurement)

Sand shall not be used as fill materials at outer edges of the

embankment.

2.4.4.2 Borrow Pits

The Contractor shall be responsible for locating actual borrow pits on

site . Designated borrow pits shown on the Drawings only ind icate to
the Contractor for the potential areas for borrow. Whether the
Contractor obta ins materials from the designated or his own borrow
pit, it shall be his responsibility to ascertain the suitability of the pit
with respect to the quantity and quality of the materials, which shall be
subjected to the approval of the S.O. The Contractor shall pay all
necessary fees , taxes or royalties to the appropriate authorities and
observe all relevant and related regulations .

The Contractor shall keep th e borrow pits free from water ponding
and the excavation are neat and tidy. The contractor shall make sure
the side-wall of the borrow pits is stab le, protect the slope surface by
turfing and shall carry out other necessary erosion and environmental
protection measures following the agreed method statement and as
instructed by the S.O.

2.4.4.3 Placement of Fill Materials

All fill materials shall be deposited in layers and brought up at a

uniform rate so that all of site reach the designed level at the same
time. The loose depth for each layer of fill sha ll be determined from
the trial compaction. Each layer shall extend over the full width of the
fill area and shall be compacted in accordance with the requirements
of Sub-section 2.4.4.4. Each compacted layer shall be maintained at
all times with sufficient even surface of long itudinal and cross slope in
order to maintain the stability and to drain away the surface water.

Where embankment is to be constructed on ground with a cross slope

flatter than 1 (vertical) to 10 (horizon tal ) but steeper than 1 (vertical ) to
30 (horizontal) , the foundation material. except rock, sha ll be scarified
to a depth of 100 mm, blended with embankment fill material and
compacted as described in Sub-section 2.4.4.4.

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encountered shall be completed before the works with the

corresponding materials will be allowed to commence. Each trial
area shall be not smaller than 8 m x 15 m.

For earthwork compaction of less than 100 mJ , trial compaction

can be waived with approval from the S.O., but field density
testing as per Sub-section 2.4.4.4 (d) still remain necessary as
and when instructed by the S.O.

The work of compaction shall be carried out as specified in Sub-

section 18.5.4 of Section 18: Soil Stabilisation.

(c) Degree of Compaction

The whole of the embankment below the top 300 mm of the

subgrade shall be compacted in layers until no visible track line
and to not less than 90% (for cohesive material) or 95% (for
cohesion less material) of the maximum dry density determined
in the latest MS 1056: Method of Test for Soil for Civil
Engineering Purposes - Compaction Test (4 .5 kg rammer
method), unless otherwise specified in the Drawings.

(d) Field Density Testing

Field density tests on each layer of compacted earth fill shall be

carried out using the sand replacement method in accordance
with the latest MS 1056: Method of Test for Soil for Civil
Engineering Purposes or by using other means of testing of
comparable similar accuracy approved by the S.O.

(e) Moisture Control

Each layer of earth fill shall be processed as necessary to bring

its moisture content to a unifo rm level throughout the material
and suitable for compaction .

The optimum moisture content as determined by the latest MS

1056: Method of Test for Soil for Civil Engineering Purposes -
Compaction Test (4 .5 kg rammer method) shall be used as
guide in determining the proper range of moisture content
preferably on the wet side , at which each soil type shall be
compacted. Water shall be added in fine spray for consistent
moisture absorption in the fill. Dry sand or cement or mixture of
sand and cement be added to the proper range of moisture
content to obtain the required density. Satisfactory method and
sufficient equipment as approved by the S.O. shall be used for
the furnishing and handling of water .

If the natural water content of suitable material is too high for

the proper compaction to be ca rried ou t, the Contractor can
either bring down the moisture content by aeration or drying or
alternatively replace it with suitable materials of compactable
moisture range at his own cost.

5 2- 15
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averaging dimension of exceeding 150 mm shall be filled with broken fragments

before the next layer is placed. The top surface and side slopes of embankments
formed shall be thoroughly blinded with approved fine graded material to seal the
surface.

There shall be a transition layer between ro ck fill and earth fill or the top 300 mm of
subgrade of at least 300 mm compacted thickness . This shall consist of uniformly
graded crushed rock between 6 mm and 150 mm as approved by the S.O.

Each layer of rock used as rock fill in embankments shall be systematically

compacted by:

at least 12 passes of a vibrating roller with a static load per 25 mm width of roll
of at least 45 kg ; or
a grid roller wi th load per 25 mm width of roll of at lea st 200 kg ; or
Other machinery and/or equipment as approved by the S.O .

2.4.6 Filling on the Soft Ground

2.4.6.1 General

This Section shall be read together with JKR Standard Specification

for Roadworks, Section 20: Ground Improvement.

2.4.6.2 Foundation treatment

Where soft ground under embankment is to be treated as shown on

the Drawings or as directed by the S.O. , the foundation soil shall be
improved as specified in Section 20: Ground Improvement.

The first layer of fill material s shall be deposited over the full width of
the embankment and berms in thicknesses not more than 500 mm or
as approved by the S.O. to suffici ently support earthwork
machineries.

If fill materials are required to be placed under standing water, hard

clean cru shed rock , natural gravel or sa nd having grading within the
respective limits specified in TABLE 2.2 shall be used to backfill the
embankment not less than 300 mm , or as shown on the Drawings,
above the standing water to receive compacted suitable fill thereafter.

2.4.6.3 Surcharge and Staged Con struction

Where indi cated in the Contract or directed by the SO. , the

embankment shall be built to different heights in stages with or
wi thout surcharge and with allowance for co nsolidation time periods in
between stages, all in accordance with the Contract. Where
surcharge is specified , the Contractor shall be responsible for the
provision of surcharge material and the removal and disposal of
excess material on completion of consolidation or when directed by
theSO.

The work of surcharging shall be carried out as specified in Sub·

section 20 .3 of Section 20 : Ground Improvement.

82· 17
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2013) Manual for the Structural Design of Flexible Pavement]

Throughout the top 300 mm of subgrade, the material shall be compacted to

not less than 95 % (for cohesive material) or 100 % (for cohesionless material)
of the maximum dry density determined in the MS 1056: Method of Test for
Soil for Civil Eng ineering Purposes • Compaction Test (4 .5 kg rammer
method).

In cut area, the top 300 mm of the subgrade shall be scarified and reo
compacted not less than 95 % (for cohesive material) or 100 % (for
cohesion less material) of the maximum dry density determined in the MS
1056: Method of Test for Soil for Civil Engineering Purposes - Compaction
Test (4.5 kg rammer method ). If the S.O. is agreeable that the subg rade in its
natural state possesses a density exceeding the requirements, then the
surface of the subgrade shall be trimmed and rolled to obtain a smooth finish.

Where the material in cut area is not complying with a minimum California
Bearing Ratio (C BR ) as stated above , the top 300 mm of subgrade it shall be:

- stabilised as specified in Section 18: Soil Stabilisation when it suitable to

stabilise and the stabilised material shall be compacted as indicated above;
or
- removed and replaced with suitable material when it unsuitable to stabilise
and the replacement material shall be compacted as indicated above .

The subgrade shall be finished in a neat and workmanlike manner, and the
widths of embankments and cu ts shall be everywh ere at least those specified
or shown on the Drawings on both sides of the centreline. The top surface of
the subgrade shall have the required shape, super elevation, levels and
grades and shall be finished everywhere up to within plus (+) 10 mm and
minus (-) 30 mm of the required level.

(a) Where rock surface extends over the whole width of the formation

The rock surface shall be trimmed to free draining profile , at or below

formation levels. No high spot shall protrude above the formation levels.

Any voids or cavities more than 0.5 m below the formation level shall be
filled up with approved crusher run, gravels or lean concrete that have 7
days cube strength greater than 7 N/mm' . The rock surface shall then
be brought up to the formation levels with approved crushed rock or
gravel, regulated and blinded.

(b) Where rock outcrop occurs over part of the formation only

The rock outcrop shall be cut down to a level not less than 300 mm
below the form ation level. The surface shal l then be brought up to level
with compacted suitable subgrade material as indicated above.

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2.4.8.4 Creepers

Where creepers are introduced on gunited slopes, rocks or unsuitable

materials, species shall be of Mala ysian origin such as creeping fig
(ficus pumila), butterfly pea (centrosema pubescens) , creeping daisy
(sphagneticola triloba /a) or to the approva l of the S.O.

The Co ntractor shall submit to the S.O. for his consideration and
approval , at least four (4) weeks in advance of the proposed work , full
details of his proposed method of planting the creepers. The
information submitted shall inclu de, but not limited to a full description
of the following aspects of the work:

(a) the preparation of the areas to be planted with creepers ,

including the amount of topsoil if appropriate to be used and its
method of application;

(b) the details and results of investigations to determine which

types of creepers are compatible with the soil in the areas to be
planted ;

(c) the types of creepers to be used , and the function, root and
growth characteristics of each type;

(d) the composition of ferti lizer to be used at the time of planting the
creepers and its rate of application ;

(e) the composition of fertilizer to be used after planting, the ·times

of application and the rate of application ;

(f) the amou nts of lime or other chemicals (if any) to be applied to
improve the soil before , during and/or after planting ;

(g) the cultivation and after ca re of the areas, including rates and
frequencies of watering, fertilizing and general maintenance for
at least one (1) yea r after planting ;

(h) the time afte r planting required for establishing permanent,

dense growth of creepers, which will re quire minimal
maintenance;

(i) guarantees the success of the creepers planting work.

All creepers shall be re gu larly watered until the vegetation is

satisfactorily establi shed to the req uireme nts of these Specifications.
Any dead creepers shall be replaced at the Con tractor's own
expense.

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APPENDIX 2

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APPENDIX 2A

TABLE 2.4: EQUIVALENT PRODUCTION RATE OF HARD MASS BASED ON TYPES

OF EXCAVATORS

Excavator Weight Engine Factor Equivalent

Series (Tonnes) Horsepower Compared with Production Rate
(HP) 41 .4 Tonnes for Hard Mass
(Excavator (m3/hr)
Series 400)

150 15.4 99 0.33 16.5

200 21.2 170 0.58 29.0

250 27 188 0.63 31.5

300 31 242 0.67 33 .5

350 36 271 0.75 37.5

400 41.4 321 1.0 50 .0

TABLE 2.5: EQUIVALENT PRODUCTION RATE OF ROCK MASS BASED ON TYPES

OF TRACK·TYPE TRACTORS WITH RIPPING EQUIPMENT
(BULLDOZER RIPPER)

Dozer Flywheel Operating Factor Compared Equivalent

Power (kW) Weight with 37 Tonnes Production Rate
(Tonne) (Bulldozer Ripper) for Rock Mass
(m'/hr)

06 , 0 7 200· 240 20 - 25 0. 54 11 .0

08 303 37 1.0 20.0

09 405 48 1.3 26.0

Note: If the Contractor provides to use machinery larger than as specified above, it should
be considered equivalent to the specified capacity for the purpose of approval.

52-25
 (JKRISPJ/2020.S2)

APPENDIX 2C

FIGURE 2.1 : PORTABLE HYDRAULIC POINT LOAD TESTER WITH A STAIN·

GAUGED LOAD CELL AND DIGITAL READOUT FOR LOAD MONITORING (OR
EQUIVALENT)

FIGURE 2.2: PORTABLE HYDRAULIC POINT LOAD TESTER WITH A PRESSURE·

GAUGED READOUT FOR LOAD MONITORING (OR EQUIVALENT)

S2·27
 (JKRlSPJI2020-S2)

APPENDIX 2C

FIGURE 2.5: RIPPER UNIT I RIPPING EQUIPMENT (OR EQUIVALENT)

FIGURE 2.6 : TRACK-TYPE OF TRACTOR (DOZER) ATTACHED WITH SINGLE

SHANK RIPPING EQUIPMENT (BULLDOZER RIPPER) (OR EQUIVALENT)

S2-29
ISBN 978-967-2284-24-6