□ Work in pairs and discuss the questions.

1 What kinds of live performances d o you enjoy?

2 Do you ever give money to street performers? Why/Why not?
3 What are the best/worst street performers you have seen?

B Choose the word/phrase in italics which does NOT fit in phrases 1-5.
1 The main/most obvious/highest/key (dis)advantage of (being a street
performer) is . . .
2 Another/One further/One different/An additional (dis)ad vantage of . . .
(working in X) is ...
3 ... is a huge/considerable/major/large (dis)advantage.
4 It would be great/good/no/big fun to . . .
5 ... would probably need/take/use/require a lot of time.

El Work in pairs and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of being a

street performer. Use phrases from Activity 2 and the ideas in the box.

interest pay practice risk of injury stress of performing travel working hours

Discussion (Part 4)
► E X A M FOCUS p. 19 0
■'

□ Work in pairs and discuss the first question.

& *

1 Which d o you think you need more of to succeed in the arts: luck or talent?
2 How important d o you think it is for schools to offer art, dance and drama classes to
all students?
3 What has your experience been of art, dance or drama classes at school?
4 What d o you think of people w h o take part in TV talent shows?
5 In which area of the arts would you most like to excel?
6 Which painter, dancer, writer, musician, etc. d o you most admire? Give reasons.

58 Unit 6 In the spotlight

 SPEAKING FOCUS 6

0O 1 7 Listen to two students, Roberto and Beata, answering question 1.

Do you agree with their opinions?

What language did Roberto/Beata use to

1 ask his/her partner a question?
2 summarise his/her partner's opinion?
3 accept his/her partner's argument?

EXAM TIP
Q Look at the audio script o n page 211 and check your answers.
Say as much as possible but 8 InDowhat
you think Roberto and Beata answered the question well? Why/Why not?
ways, if any, could they improve their answers?
try to include your partner in
the discussion and listen t o
what he/she says.
Work in pairs. Discuss the other questions in Activity 4. Try to expand your
answers as much as you can.

Vocabulary
the arts
[H Complete the sentences with the words in the box.
abstract blockbusters cast contemporary gallery productions

1 I'm not convinced I like all classical ballet but I love dance.
2 I sometimes nip into an art or exhibition during my lunch break.
3 I prefer landscapes or portraits t o more paintings.
4 I'll often g o to a play more than once if there's a different performing.
5 I tend to g o for original theatre by controversial directors.
6 I'm a keen film-goer b u t I usually avoid

Work in pairs.
1 Rewrite the sentences in Activity 10 so they are true for you. Say the sentences to a
partner, giving reasons. Try to use some of the language from Activity 2.
2 Take turns to describe a live performance you have seen.
3 Find out as much information as you can about your partner's favourite painting, dance
production, play, music, etc.
Example: It was ... by ... I saw/heard.
It makes me feel . . .
I was really impressed by

Unit 6 In the spotlight 59

 LISTENING FOCUS

I
1 r

Multiple choice: short 3 You hear part of a radio programme. What kind of
programme is it?
extracts (Part I ) A a celebrity interview
► EXAM FOCUS p.188 B a film review
C a news show
n odifferent
18 You will hear people talking in eight
situations. First, underline the key
4 You hear a woman giving some information on the radio
about a comedy festival. Why is it going to be different
words in question 1. Then listen and choose this year?
the best answer, A, B or C. A The tickets will be more expensive.
1 You hear a woman talking about a play. What did B It will be held in a smaller venue.
she dislike about it? C It will be on different dates.
A the lighting B the music C the costumes 5 You hear a man interviewing a ballet dancer on the radio.
Why has she decided to retire later this year?
Q check.
Work in pairs and answer the questions to
Then listen to question 1 again.
A She is worried about getting injured.
B She no longer enjoys performing.
1 Was the information in the recording in the same C She wants to make her family the priority.
order as options A, B and C? 6 You hear a man and a woman talking on the radio about a
2 Did you hear any of the key words in options new art exhibition. What do they agree is special about it?
A, B or C? A thevariety of genres
3 Does the woman make negative comments about
B the unusual location
all the options, A, BorC?
C the famous artists
4 Which words did you hearthat refer to lighting, 7 You hear an actress being interviewed on the radio. What is
she doing?
music and costumes?
5 Which words signal what the woman disliked about A giving her opinion about the topic of the play
the play?
B describing her relationship with the director
C stating a wish to direct a play herself
BO 19 Underline the key words in questions
2-8. Then listen and choose the best answer,
8 You hear a man and a woman talking. Who is the man?
A her brother
A, B or C. B her teacher
C her friend
EXAM TIP
□ Work in pairs and discuss the paraphrases you
Don't worry if you don't understand every word. heard which helped you to choose your answers.
Just focus on choosing the best option to answer Then check the audio script on page 211.
the question.

2 You hear a man and a woman talking about a visit s Work in pairs and discuss the questions.
to the theatre. How does the woman feel about 1 How often do you go to the theatre/the cinema/
the arrangements? art galleries?
A annoyed that the play finishes so late 2 Do you think the government should subsidise the arts
B worried about when they're going to eat so that the average person can afford to go to more live
performances, art exhibitions, etc.? Give reasons.
C confused about what time the play starts
3 Have you ever appeared in a play or other live performance?
If not, would you like to? Give reasons.

60 Unit 6 In the spotlight

 GRAMMAR FOCUS

going to/will/present simple

A: Hi, Ben! Are you going to the film festival at
0
the weekend?
CT] B: Yes, on Saturday. I (5) (buy) the tickets
I online this afternoon.
X _ _1 A: How much are they?
Future forms B: Only £15. 1(6) (get) you one if you like.
A: That would be great. What time (7)
► GRAMMAR REFERENCE p. 15 1
(start)?
D Decide which of the underlined verbs are B: At 7.30. But I (8) (leave) home early, at
examples of the present continuous, present six o'clock because of the traffic. I'll pick you up
simple, will, going to or modal verbs. on my way if you want.

A: So, who do you think will get the main part?

as soon as, until, when, before, after
B: I expect (1) it'll be Zoe. She's probably the best
singer and dancer although my dad thinks it s Look at the examples and answer the questions.
(2) could be Molly. Mr Paton says (3) he's going • As soon as the film ends,we'll call a taxi.
to tell us in our next drama class.
• We'll have dinner when she arrives
A: When (4) are you starting rehearsals7
1 What form of the verb follows a future
B: On Friday. (5) It's going to be really hard work time expression?
because the show (6) opens in three weeks'
2 Is the clause with the time expression referring to
time. In fact I think (7) I'll go and start reading
the present or the future?
the script now.
A: (8) I'll help you learn your lines, if that's any help. 3 Is the time clause at the beginning or the end of
the sentence?
Match the numbered future forms in the 4 What is the difference in meaning between as soon as
dialogue to their uses A-H. and when?
A an offer Choose the correct option in italics.
B a fixed arrangement
C a timetabled event in the future Laura is hoping to go t o drama college after she
D an intention - something that someone has (1) will leave/leaves school. As soon as she (2) is
decided t o do in the future finishing/flnishes her exams, she's going to research
E a prediction based on a belief or opinion the best places to study. When she (3) finds/is going
F a prediction based on fact to find somewhere that she can do both drama and
G a future possibility dance, she'll apply to go there. But first she wants
H a spontaneous decision to take a year out and work in a supermarket or as a
waitress until she (4) will have/has enough money to
El What words can you use instead of could for contribute towards her college fees. Before anywhere
(5) is offering/offers her a place, though, she'll need
example 2 in Activity 1?
to have an audition.
o 20 Complete the dialogues with the correct
H Complete these sentences about your life and
future form of the verbs in brackets. Then
then discuss them with a partner.
listen and check.
1 As soon as ,I
w/7//present continuous 2 Before ,I
A: What(1) (do) this weekend? 3 After ,I
B: I (2) (go) to the dance festival in the park. 4 I won't until
It's on all weekend.
A: Oh, I'd really like to go but my brother o Tell your partner about
(3) (move) house and I have t o help him. 1 something you intend to do later today.
B: That's a shame! 2 an arrangement for next weekend.
A: Never mind. I'm sure you (4) (en/oy) it. 3 a hope for the future of your country.
4 a prediction about the world in the next ten years.
B: [Link] should be fun, especially as I thinkthe
weather's going to be good.

Unit 6 In the spotlight 61

6 READING F O C U S

Gapped text (Part 6) □ Follow the procedure in Activity 3 for the rest of
► EXAM FOCUS p.187 the gaps (2-6) and choose t h e sentence that fits
each gap. There is one extra sentence which you d o
n Work in pairs and discuss the questions. not need to use.
1 What are the reasons for using different kinds of social A Such increases pre-date social media but they have
media? Which ones are more popular? Why? clearly worsened since its arrival.
2 What kinds of people use social media most? Think B Furthermore, the need t o be appreciated is a crucial
about age, type of job, personality type, etc. part of psychological wellbeing, unless it is taken too
3 Do you think people w h o use social media a great deal far and becomes a nonstop search to be valued by
are narcissistic (interested in themselves and the way others.
they appear to other people)? C However, the danger is w h e n these efforts to

0 Read the text quickly and answer questions

compensate are supported and rewarded by others.
D Then came reality TV, which turned the attention back
1 and 2.
t o ourselves.
E New 'self-help' mathematical formulas could be built
EXAM TIP
into Facebook, Twitter and Instagram.
Make sure you read the whole text quickly before trying F The explanation for this is that narcissistic
to answer the questions.
individuals are much more likely t o use social media
t o portray an enviable, if unrealistic, self-image,
1 How does the writer explain narcissism in the
broadcasting their life t o an audience and gaining
first paragraph?
many virtual friends.
2 Complete this sentence to summarise the writer's
G Interestingly, what they all seem to have in common is
main point.
digital attention seeking.
Socal media encourages people to
A get a false impression of the celebrities they follow. s Work in pairs and discuss the questions.
B have unrealistic hopes for their own futures. 1 Is it true to say that many people these days
expect to become famous without needing
C become too focused o n the opinion others have
to put in the effort?
of them.
2 Which social media d o you enjoy using most?
0 Look at t h e text around the first gap and at the What d o you use it for?
list of options in Activity 4. 3 What, if any, concerns d o you have about the
use of social media?
1 Predict what kind of information you think is missing
4 Are there any issues in the article which you strongly agree
from the gap.
or disagree with?
2 Which of the missing options links back to the topic of
the paragraph?
3 Underlinethe wordsand phrases
which link the option to the
missing information.

62 Unit 6 In the spotlight

Sharing the (self) love: the rise of the selfie
and digital narcissism
■■ Belcome to the age of digital narcissism. connected than ever, but also less interested in other
* * We can all name celebrities who are keen people, except when it comes to finding out what they
users of social media and who we suspect think about us. It is as if being closer to others made us
W ■■ have the following things in common: a more antisocial.
desire to be noticed, a self-important view of themselves, Needless to say, most social media users are not
superficial personalities and shameless self-publicity. narcissistic. Yet the more narcissistic you are, the heavier
In that sense, they are just like millions of their Facebook your social media use. Indeed, scientific studies have
and Twitter fans around the world, except successful. shown that the number of status updates, attractive
Until the 90s, the media provided an escape from reality selfies, followers and friends are all positively linked to
by transporting viewers to the fictional universe of narcissism. | 4 | j
situational comedy and soap operas. | 1 | | It did The big problem with the rise of digital narcissism
this by broadcasting the allegedly genuine and ordinary is that it puts enormous pressure on people to reach
lives of everyday people and making them into cultural unachievable goals, without necessarily putting in much
blockbusters. However, in the past decade, social media effort. Wanting to be Beyonce or Jay Z is hard enough
appears to have enabled everybody to make their life already, but when you are not prepared to work hard to
public and be the star of their own 24/7 show. achieve it, you are better off just being less ambitious. Few
There are now many mega-successful apps and websites. things are more destructive than the belief that you have
| 2 | | It all began with MySpace, a list of hopeful the right to something, combined with a lazy work ethic.
future pop stars and DJs. Then came Facebook, the Ultimately, online evidence of narcissism may be little
choice of the average person. YouTube gave everybody more than a way of making up for a low and fragile self-
their own TV channel, Blogger and Tumblr made us all esteem. | 5 | | In this case, reality is misinterpreted
creative writers. Twitter brought in loads of followers and and narcissistic fantasies are strengthened.
Linkedln encouraged us to give each other approval of Perhaps it is time to turn social media into a therapeutic
our professional skills. Instagram made ‘selfie’ the word tool, at the service of the public and society. Examining
of the year, while Tinder and Snapchat made Facebook the rise of narcissism could be done both at an individual
look intellectual. and population level. | 6 | | The aim of this would be
Unsurprisingly, narcissism levels have been rising for to make users aware of their excessive self-promotion,
decades. | 3 | | At the same time, the advent of uncontrollable self-love and even signal when an entire
Facebook and Twitter has brought with it a steep decline population might be at risk of becoming too self-obsessed
in generosity and levels of sympathy. We are now more for its own sake. Or is it too late?

Vocabulary Compare answers and check with the underlined

word formation words i n the article.

Q Work in pairs. Student A: make Complete the sentences w i t h the correct form of the
adjectives from the words in the first words i n brackets. Then work in pairs and discuss
box. Student B: make nouns from the whether you agree with the statements.
words in the second box. 1 I don't always feel very (hope) about the impact of
Adjectives from nouns/verbs technology o n our lives.
2 I think I am probably more of a (create) than a
achieve (v) ambition (n) culture (n) (science) person.
destroy (v) excess (n) hope (n/v)
3 Very (ambition) people are more likely t o be
intellect (n) science (n) therapy (n) disappointed in life.
4 I think everyone should have the (choose) of what to
Nouns from adjectives/verbs
study at school.
approve (v) believe (v) choose (v) 5 It's important for children to get a lot of parental
evident (adj) generous (adj) (approve) when they're growing up.
promote (v) real (adj) 6 There is n o (evident) that sugar is bad for you.

Unit 6 In the spotlight 63

6 GRAMMAR FOCUS

Future perfect Which verb form is used

and continuous 1 for an action which began before a specific time in
the future and will probably continue after it?
► GRAMMAR REFERENCE p. 15 2
2 for an action which is already finished by a specific
time in the future?

LANGUAGE TIP
The future continuous is also used t o talk about things
you expect will happen because they usually do.
Do you think you'll b e going to Spain again this
summer?

s Read the rest of the article and choose the

correct option in italics.

I think by 2050 we’ll ( 1 ) be watchingfhave watched an

increasing number of 3D films. Film-makers may
even (2) be finding!have found a way to project our
faces onto the characters on the screen by that time.
Read part of an article in which a film director I think here in Hollywood we will still ( 3 ) be making}
gives his views about the future of cinema. have made films - I don’t think any other country will
Do you agree with what he says? (4) be replacingjhave replaced us as the film-making
centre of the world.

I’m sure that I’ll still be

making films for the cinema
in thirty years’ time. After El Complete the sentences with the future
continuous or future perfect form of the
all, the cinema offers a
group experience that is verbs in brackets.
sociable and is not at all the By 2050 ...
same as watching a film on
1 most young people (stop) going t o
the small screen at home.
the cinema.
Although some directors
will be experimenting with 2 everybody will (use) surround sound
interactive techniques in 2050, systems with their TVs.
many others may have come 3 we may (choose) from a huge cyber library
to the conclusion that the reason most people like going to whatever television programme we want t o watch.
the cinema is the opportunity to be passive for a change. 4 we'll (interact) with the screen when we
Things will have changed a lot though by then. Many move and speak.
cinemas might have already closed down and those which
5 they might (invent) contact lenses with a
remain will be charging much more for the experience.
chip inside so that we can watch the screen in 3D.
6 holographic TV screens will (project)
images around our rooms at home.
B Read the extract again. Which of the
underlined forms is | | Tick the sentences you agree with in Activity 6.
1 a future continuous form? Then work in pairs and discuss your opinions.
2 a future perfect form? Use the expressions from Activity 2 on page 58.
3 a time linker connected to the future?
B Work in pairs. What do you think the world
B Complete the rules.
will be like i n 2050? What will have changed
and what will be happening? Use the ideas in
• Future continuous: will/may/might + + -ing
the box to help you.
• Future perfect: will/may/might + +
participle t h e environment family friends food leisure time
medicine and technology travel w o r k
64 Unit 6 In the spotlight
 USE OF ENGLISH FOCUS

Vocabulary Work in pairs. Compare your answers and

expressions with get explain why you chose them.

Get has a variety of different meanings. 0 Do you agree with the writer about the
Replace get in questions 1 - 6 with one of the importance of the computer? What other
verbs in the box. Then work in pairs and ask inventions do you think have had a huge
each other the questions. impact on our lives?

become have move/travel persuade receive

Unbelievable I
understand

1 Was there a subject at school that you really

didn't get?
2 What techniques d o you use to get people to d o
what you want?
f '
3 When d o you normally get the time to relax?
4 In which situations d o you get angry?
5 How d o you get from one place to another?
6 How many texts d o you get in an average day?

Multiple-choice cloze
(Part I )
► EXAM FOCUS p. 186

B Read the text quickly. What did science fiction

get right and wrong when it predicted the
future? What did it not predict?

EXAM TIP Science-fiction films have promised us many

exciting gadgets. We have seen hoverboards,
Part 1 tests language (focusing o n vocabulary) such as
domestic robots and flying cars, to (0).
• phrasal verbs (e.g. getaway). just a few, but most of these predictions have not
• collocations (e.g. do your homework).
come (1) yet. Take, for example, the way I
• words with similar meanings (e.g. travel, trip, journey).
(2) to the office this morning: I came by bike
• linking words (e.g. although).
(3) than on a hoverboard.
• set phrases (e.g. on purpose).
Not much has changed there, then - the bicycle
was invented in the nineteenth century! Almost the
El Read the text again and decide which answer whole (4) was on a form of Tarmac, also
(A, B, C or D) best fits each gap.
invented that same century. Also, (5) some
0 A say B call C tell D name people’s surprise, robots haven’t taken (6)
1 A true B right C exact D correct either the home or the workplace yet.
2 A got B arrived c reached D appeared On the other hand, in 1987 it was predicted in the
3 A instead B rather C sooner D except TV series Star Trek that we would be using touch-
4 A drive B travel C voyage D journey screen technology before too long. So perhaps
5 A for B to c in D against fiction doesn’t always (7) it wrong after
all. Maybe the most astonishing development has
6 A up B off c over D down
been the microchip and its place in computers. The
7 A make B do c get D take
(8) on our lives has been amazing, and this
8 A end B effect c result D solution was never really predicted.

Unit 6 In the spotlight 65

6 WRITING F O C U S

Report (Part 2) Give each of the four sections of the report

text organisation a heading, so that it is easier to read. Choose
from the headings in the box.
► WRITING REFERENCE p. 170

Advantages Introduction Potential problems

Read the report which a teacher was asked to
write for the director of her language college. Recommendations
Answer the questions in pairs. Give examples.
1 What was the purpose of her report? a Look at the underlined phrases in the text.
2 What is her recommendation? Find examples of the following and discuss
why they are commonly used in reports.
3 Is it written in an informal or a formal style?
1 passive forms/reporting verbs
2 linking words
3 clauses of purpose
Report on suggestion
El Read the exam task and underline the
for a college cinema key words.
The director of your college has asked you to
write a report on a visit you made to a self-study
centre at a local university. You should explain
(1) how successful it has been and recommend
The aim of this report is to outline the advantages whether or not your college should have one.
and potential problems of investing money in a small Write your report in 140-190 words in an
cinema, and make recommendations. In order to d o appropriate style.
this, both students and staff were consulted.
s Divide these points into the advantages and
disadvantages of the study centre you saw.
(2)
1 It is under-used at weekends.
It was generally believed that a college cinema
2 People from the community use the facilities,
could have wide-reaching benefits for both students
which helps to fund it.
and teachers. It was suggested that films in other
3 Many students still prefer to study in their own
languages as well as English could be shown, which
rooms.
would widen the appeal, and that the cinema might
4 The worksheets provided give extra practice of
also be used for conversation classes.
classroom work.
(3) 5 A full-time assistant has t o be on duty even if
the centre is empty.
The main concerns that were raised are as follows:
6 The facility helps to attract potential students t o
1 It would be expensive to set up and run. the college.
2 Since many students watch films on their laptops, 7 It cost a lot to set up because of all the
they might not be prepared to pay to watch films computers, etc.
at a cinema. 8 Writing materials for the centre is
3 Only big cinemas have access to blockbusters time-consuming for the teachers.
when they first come out.
Write your report for the task in Activity 4.
(4) You can use some of the points in Activity 5
as well as your own ideas.
I am concerned that the cinema may not pay its way
at first. However, all things considered, the benefits EXAM TIP
outweigh the disadvantages. I would therefore
Organise your report under clear headings and include
recommend going ahead with the project.
numbers or bullet points to make your points clearly.

66 Unit 6 In the spotlight

 REVIEW
Complete the sentences using the correct form Choose the correct option, A, B or C.
of the word in brackets. 1 Sorry, I can't come on Saturday. I an old school
1 Some people think that new technology will friend for lunch.
lead to the of the film industry, (destroy) A meet
2 An amount of practice can lead B a m meeting
to more injuries for dancers, (excess)
C will meet
3 There is n o as yet that robots 2 As soon as she will you text me?
will be a serious threat to jobs, (evident)
A phones
4 The film is a account of a great
B will phone
painter's life, (fiction)
C will be phoning
5 I sometimes like to escape from
by going t o a musical, (real) 3 I my drama course by the end of next year.
6 We wanted to see a film, but there A will be completing
wasn't much (choose) B will have completed

B Complete the sentences with the words in

4
C a m completing
This time tomorrow, I in front of hundreds
the box.
of people.
away d o w n i n t o over round through A will dance
B will be dancing
1 The only way I can get to my cousin is by
C dance
talking about dance.
5 Don't worry, I haven't forgotten. I to him later.
2 City Lights is on TV tonight. I never got to
seeing that at the cinema. A speak
B will have spoken
3 It took him ages to get the disappointment of
not being in the play. C a m going t o speak
4 If I stay in every night watching TV, it gets me 6 I'll meet you after I work.
5 Comedians can't get with simply repeating the A finish
same jokes at every performance. B a m finishing
6 Everyone says it's a really good series, but I just can't C will finish
get it. 7 Don't be nervous. I'm sure you really

b Complete the sentences with the future

continuous or future perfect form of the verbs
well tomorrow.
A do
in brackets. B are doing

1 I think I'll still (learn) my lines until just C will d o

before the play starts. 8 Let's hurry! They the theatre doors
2 The film may already (start) by the time at 7.30 and then you have to wait until the interval
we get there. to g o in.

3 A close
I hope they'll (show) his still lifes at
the exhibition. B are going to close
4 We might (use) the same costumes in C are closing
our next production.
5 People will probably still (watch) live
theatre in fifty years' time.
6 I think people will (lose) interest in
computer games a long time before 2025.
Vw

Unit 6 In the spotlight 67

 PROGRESS TEST 2

Multiple-choice cloze (Part I ) Open cloze (Part 2)

For questions 1-8, read the text below and decide
which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits in each gap. There
B For questions 9-16, read the text below
and think of the word that best fits each
is an example at the beginning. gap. Use only one word in each gap.
There is an example at the beginning.
Graffiti: Art or crime?
The (0) 'graffiti' was originally used by The coldest city on earth
archaeologists to describe the words and pictures Although the remote region of Yakutsk in
scratched on walls by the Greeks and Romans. Siberia covers more than a million square
However, graffiti took (1) a new meaning miles, it is home to (0) ..fe'AAG than one
in the mid-1 960s when it was used as a means of million people and has hardly any large
political communication and resistance. Since then towns. In January the temperatures are
many countries have made graffiti - which can -45°C, causing the metal o n people's
(2) a lot of time and money to remove spectacles to stick to (9) cheeks.
from buildings - illegal.
Locals claim there are (10) lakes and
More recently, though, urban art is (3) rivers in the region for each inhabitant to
recognition as a form of cultural expression. Walking have one. According (11) legend,
through the streets of Barcelona, to (4) ......... just when the god of creation arrived in Yakutsk,
one of many cities, the graffiti there immediately he got (12) cold that his hands
(5) your eye. (6) , some cities, such as were frozen and he dropped all the natural
Buenos Aires, take advantage of the interest in graffiti resources there. The capital of the region,
by organising a (7) for tourists around its also called Yakutsk, is six time zones away
colourful streets. from Moscow.
Graffiti artists are n o w being encouraged to display There's no railway, so travellers have the
their work in galleries, which is (8) people ask option of a 1,000-mile boat ride u p the Lena
themselves whether graffiti, when it is legal, should river during (1 3) few months of the
be renamed street art. year when it isn't frozen, or they have to use
the 'Road of Bones', (14) was built
0 A title B label C term D phrase by prisoners and can only be used in winter,
1 A on B over C in D round when the rivers freeze over. Truck drivers
2 A need B take c use D want bringing supplies to remote villages go in
3 A gaining B gathering c collecting D having pairs and neverturn their engines
4 A say B name c tell D call (1 5) during the two-week drive.
5 A takes B pulls c catches D interests (16) they break down on the little-
used road, it means almost certain death.
6 A Nonetheless B In fact c Otherwise D After all
7 A journey B travel c tour D voyage
8 A making B forcing c causing D starting

68 Progress test 2
 PROGRESS TEST 2

Word formation (Part 3 ) Key word transformation

H For questions 1 7-24, read the text below. (Part 4)
Use t h e word given in capitals at t h e e n d of
Q For questions 25-30, complete t h e second
some of t h e lines to f o r m a word t h a t fits i n
sentence so t h a t it has a similar m e a n i n g to t h e
t h e g a p in t h e same line. There is a n e x a m p l e
first sentence, using t h e word given. D o n o t
at t h e beginning.
change t h e word given. You must use b e t w e e n
two a n d five words, including t h e word given.
Anyone for bugs?
Example:
In the kitchen of the Archipelago
restaurant in London, the head chef I don 't think John has got his father's musical talent.
is making final (0) to PREPARE AFTER
one of the salads that has helped John doesn't appear .[Link] aft&r his father as far as
to make his restaurant so famous. musical talent Is concerned.
Taking a wok off the stove, he spoons 2 5 You will get the results by Friday.
a (17) red sauce SPICE GIVEN
onto a bed of salad leaves. At first I you the results by Friday.
(18) , this could be SEE
2 6 A fast-food chain has taken over two of our
any other Thai salad, with its
local restaurants.
chilli, garlic and many other
BY
(19) ingredients. But COLOUR
it's not long before you can recognise Two of our local restaurants a
fast-food chain.
the shape of an insect - the thin
legs, huge eyes and long tail of a 2 7 Nearly all the shops in this town are expensive.
locust. The less ( 2 0 ) ADVENTURE HARDLY
among us would not be too keen There shops in this town.
on eating insects such as locusts 2 8 Many people believe that too much sugar is bad for
and crickets b u t they are, in fact, your health.
(21) tasty. Many SURPRISE TO
people find the idea of eating insects
Too much sugar bad for
(22) However, for FASCINATE your health.
around 2.5 billion of the world's
2 9 George hadn't finished doing his homework when I
population, insects like these form went to pick him up.
part of their (23) diet. DAY
STILL
This is very (24) as FORTUNE
George when I went to
they are low in fat, high in protein
pick him up.
and full of vitamins as well as being
energy efficient. 3 0 My brother often arrives unexpectedly.
TURNING
My brother is unexpectedly.

Progress test 2 69
 GRAMMAR REFERENCE

Unit 6 1 .2 going to
Use Examples
I Future forms
to suggest that things are Look out -you're
1.1 shall, will + infinitive without to certain to happen because going to fall!
there is present evidence I've got no sense of
Use Examples
direction - 1 know I'm
for predicting This medicine will make you
going to get lost.
something based feel sleepy.
on the speaker's to talk about I'm going to tell him
You'll feel better when you've
belief or their personal intentions the truth.
had a good night's rest.
knowledge as They're both going to
The train will leave from
an expert apply for the job.
platform 10.
She's decided she's going
for future actions 1 think I'll take the day off.
to lose ten kilos.
decided at the time I'll wear my black dress.
They're going to have a
of speaking
party sometime soon .
for promises, If you tell anyone, I'll kill you!
Where are you going
threats, offers and 1 promise I'll pay the money back. to have the wedding
requests
I'll meet you at the station if reception?
you want.
Shall 1 meet you at the station ?
1.3 Present continuous
Will you do the washing-up Use Examples
forme? to talk about things that We're all meeting at six
have already been decided o'clock.
Watch out! or planned, often f o r a I'm having my hair cut
1 We can also use going to in many of these cases, definite time in the future tomorrow.
especially in spoken English, without much change They're getting the six
in meaning. o'clock train.
This medicine's going to make you feel a bit sleepy. We're moving to a new
I think I'm going to take the day off. apartment next week.
I promise I'm going to pay the money back.
2 We can also use other modals instead of will to Watch out! It's also possible t o use going to in cases
refer to the future, e.g. might, could, should, would. like this. With going to the intention is stressed more,
These generally suggest some uncertainty about b u t the difference in meaning between the two forms
what is being predicted. They may be a part of may be very small.
conditional structures.
I suppose he might win the race, but it seems unlikely. 1.4 Present simple
The weather could be better tomorrow. Use Examples
We should be able to afford it if we save up.
to talk about fixed The plane leaves at 8.45a.m.
They would probably agree if you asked them.
arrangements for the The new term starts
future, for example, as in September.
expressed in timetables,
regulations and
programmes
in time clauses and I'll see her when/as soon as
conditional clauses w i t h she's free.
a future meaning, e.g. Give this to Susie if you
after, as soon as, before, see her.
if, unless, until, when
Tom can 't apply for the
job until he gets the right
qualifications.

Grammar reference 151

 GRAMMAR REFERENCE

Watch out! It's also possible t o use will when talking 2 Future perfect and continuous
about fixed arrangements, since these are predictions 2.1 Future perfect (will /shall /may/ might /could
based on expert knowledge, but we cannot use will in + have + past participle)
time clauses or in conditional clauses.
Use Examples
Exercise 1
with an expression of time By the end of June I'll have
Complete the sentences w i t h the correct future to describe something that been at this school for
form of the verb in brackets. will be completed before a a year.
definite time in the future By the time you get
1 The school year in Britain always in July, (end)
home, we'll have tidied
2 She assures me that she there on time, (get)
everything up.
3 She to drama college, whatever her parents
Will you have finished
say. (apply)
your essay by this evening?
4 They're rehearsing so hard - I'm sure the performance
a great success,(be) 2.2 Future continuous (will/shall/may/might/
5 You know, I think I Steve to the party after could + be + -ing)
all. (invite)
Use Examples
6 I you a secret? (tell)
to say that an action will /'// be living a normal life
7 I think you that it's actually quite simple if you
be in progress at a definite by this time next year.
follow my instructions, (find)
time in the future (with After we've sold the house,
8 They a music festival in our town in July, (hold) an expression of time or we'll be renting a flat for
9 He'll open the door as soon as he us. (see) frequency) a while.
Exercise 2 We'd better not go at eight
Match the uses of future forms 1-8 to the o'clock - they'll be having
dinner then.
examples A-H.
to talk about things you She'll be appearing in a
1 will (a promise)
expect to happen, often performance of Romeo and
2 will (an expert opinion) because some sort of Juliet next week.
3 will (a decision made at the moment of speaking) arrangement has been I'll be using my parents'
4 going to (an opinion based on present evidence) made (with an expression car while they're away.
of time or frequency)
5 going to (a personal intention) We'll be moving to
London soon.
6 present continuous (a planned event)
7 present simple (a timetabled event) Will you be going to Spain
this summer?
8 present simple (a time clause with a future meaning)
Exercise 3
A The road will be closed. Read the passage and complete the gaps using the
B The conference is in the first week of April. future continuous or the future perfect with will.
C She's gone very pale - she's going to faint. A bright future for our town
D They're getting married sometime next year. In five years' time our town will be completely different.
E I'll call Graham now, shall I? More people (1) (travel) by bicycle as the council
F When you arrive at the airport, phone me. (2) (construct) more bike lanes. They
G I won't tell anyone. (3) (pedestrianise) the city centre and people
(4) (stroll) round the traffic-free streets. The
H I'm going t o apply to university next year. council (5) (renovated) the old buildings such as
the Town Hall and (6) (build) new facilities such
as a gym and a concert hall.
The river authorities (7) (clean up) the river bank
and people (8) (canoe) on the water. Of course,
all these changes will cost money, b u t we're sure it will be
worth it.

152 Grammar reference