■ Ultimate Arithmetic Mastery Guide
1. Number System
- Natural Numbers, Whole Numbers, Integers, Rational & Irrational Numbers
- Prime & Composite Numbers, Even & Odd Numbers
- Divisibility rules (2 to 11)
- HCF and LCM with examples
- Place value & Face value
2. Operations & Properties
- Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication, Division
- Commutative, Associative, Distributive properties
- Identity and Inverse elements
3. BODMAS Rule & Simplification
- Brackets, Orders (powers, roots), Division, Multiplication, Addition, Subtraction
- Multiple bracket expressions
- Example: 48 ÷ (3 × 4) + 2^3 - (6 - 2)
4. Fractions & Decimals
- Types of Fractions: Proper, Improper, Mixed, Equivalent
- Conversions: Fraction to Decimal and vice versa
- Operations: +, −, ×, ÷ with LCM method
- Word problems: sharing, parts of quantities
5. Percentages & Applications
- Conversion between fraction, decimal, and percentage
- Profit, Loss, Discount, Tax, Commission
- Percentage Increase/Decrease, Successive Percent
- Real-life problems: Exam marks, Shopping, Zakat (2.5%)
6. Ratios & Proportions
- Simplifying ratios, Compound ratios
- Proportion, Direct & Inverse Proportion
- Unitary method applications
- Age problems, Recipe calculations
7. Averages & Alligations
- Simple average: (sum of values) ÷ (number of values)
- Weighted average
- Alligation Rule: Mixtures of different strengths
- Practical uses: Class marks, population stats
8. Time, Work & Wages
- Work = Rate × Time, Rate = 1/Time
- Combined work: A+B = 1/A + 1/B
- Daily wages, Man-days, Inverse relation
- Pipes & Cisterns: Inflow/Outflow logic
9. Speed, Distance & Time
- Speed = Distance / Time
- Relative Speed (Same direction, Opposite direction)
- Train, Boat & Stream problems
- Conversions (km/h to m/s)
10. Profit, Loss & Discount
- CP, SP, MP, Profit, Loss, Discount definitions
- Profit% = (Profit/CP)×100, Discount% = (Discount/MP)×100
- Successive transactions, Marked price tricks
11. Simple & Compound Interest
- SI = (P×R×T)/100, CI = P[(1 + R/100)^T − 1]
- Difference between SI and CI
- Half-yearly, Quarterly, Monthly CI problems
- Installments and Loans
12. Clocks & Calendars
- Angle = |30×H − 11/2×M|, Hands meet every 65 5/11 min
- Day of week: Odd day method
- Leap years, 100/400 year rules
- Practical examples: exam dates, overlaps
13. Zakat & Islamic Arithmetic
- Zakat = 2.5% of eligible assets (gold, silver, savings)
- Nisab for gold: 87.48g, for silver: 612.36g
- Zakat on business inventory, investment
- Islamic inheritance shares
14. Miscellaneous Topics
- Surds and Indices
- Number Series & Patterns
- Unit Digit, Digital Sum
- Approximation & Estimation
- Remainders, Modulo arithmetic
15. Practice Questions Set
1. A and B can do a piece of work in 12 days. A alone can do it in 20 days. How long B alone?
2. Find the angle between clock hands at 2:20.
3. What is 15% of 850?
4. Zakat on Rs. 520,000 savings?
5. A train travels 120 km in 2 hrs. Speed in m/s?
6. A sum triples in 6 years at SI. Rate?
7. Ratio of boys to girls is 3:5. Total = 200. Girls?
8. A trader marks goods at 40% above CP and gives 10% discount. Gain%?
9. Simplify: 24 ÷ 3 × (2 + 4) - 6
10. The product of two numbers is 960 and HCF is 12. Find LCM.
