NDA & CDS 1 2025 LIVE - PHYSICS - CLASS 19
GRAVITATION
NDA & CDS 1 2025 LIVE - PHYSICS - CLASS 19
WHAT WILL WE STUDY ?
• Newton’s Law of Gravitation
• Acceleration due to Gravity
• Kepler’s Laws
• Time period of a Pendulum
• Satellite
• Escape Speed
NDA & CDS 1 2025 LIVE - PHYSICS - CLASS 19
NEWTON‘s LAW OF GRAVITATION
• Gravitational force is a attractive force between two masses m1 and m2
separated by a distance r .
NDA & CDS 1 2025 LIVE - PHYSICS - CLASS 19
GRAVITATIONAL FORCE
• Gravitational force is a central as well as conservative force.
• The law of gravitation is applicable for all bodies, irrespective of their size,
shape and position.
NDA & CDS 1 2025 LIVE - PHYSICS - CLASS 19
GRAVITATIONAL FORCE
• Gravitational force acting between sun and planet provide it centripetal force for
orbital motion.
NDA & CDS 1 2025 LIVE - PHYSICS - CLASS 19
GRAVITATIONAL FORCE
• Newton’s third law of motion holds good for the force of gravitation. It means the
gravitational forces between two bodies are action-reaction pairs.
NDA & CDS 1 2025 LIVE - PHYSICS - CLASS 19
Acceleration Due to Gravity (g)
• The uniform acceleration produced in a freely falling object due to the
gravitational pull of the earth is known as acceleration due to gravity.
• It is a vector quantity and its direction is towards the centre of the earth.
NDA & CDS 1 2025 LIVE - PHYSICS - CLASS 19
NDA & CDS 1 2025 LIVE - PHYSICS - CLASS 19
Acceleration Due to Gravity (g)
• The value of g is independent of the mass of the object which is falling freely
under gravity.
NDA & CDS 1 2025 LIVE - PHYSICS - CLASS 19
Acceleration Due to Gravity (g)
• The value of g changes slightly from place to place.
• The value of g is taken to be 9.8 m/ s2 for all practical purposes.
NDA & CDS 1 2025 LIVE - PHYSICS - CLASS 19
Acceleration Due to Gravity (g)
• The value of acceleration due to gravity on the moon is about one sixth
of that on the earth and on the sun is about 27 times of that on the earth.
NDA & CDS 1 2025 LIVE - PHYSICS - CLASS 19
FACTORS AFFECTING ‘g’
1. SHAPE OF EARTH :
• g is minimum at equator and maximum at poles.
NDA & CDS 1 2025 LIVE - PHYSICS - CLASS 19
FACTORS AFFECTING ‘g’
2. ALTITUDE :
Acceleration due to earth’s gravity decreases going up from the surface
NDA & CDS 1 2025 LIVE - PHYSICS - CLASS 19
FACTORS AFFECTING ‘g’
3. DEPTH :
Acceleration due to earth’s gravity is maximum on its surface decreasing
whether you go up or down.
NDA & CDS 1 2025 LIVE - PHYSICS - CLASS 19
KEPLER’s LAWS
1. Law of orbits :
All planets move in elliptical orbits with the Sun situated at one of the foci.
NDA & CDS 1 2025 LIVE - PHYSICS - CLASS 19
KEPLER’s LAWS
2. Law of areas :
The line that joins any planet to the sun sweeps equal areas in equal intervals of
time.
NDA & CDS 1 2025 LIVE - PHYSICS - CLASS 19
KEPLER’s LAWS
3. Law of period :
The square of the time period of revolution of a planet around the sun is
directly proportional to the cube of semi-major axis of its elliptical orbit.
NDA & CDS 1 2025 LIVE - PHYSICS - CLASS 19
TIME PERIOD OF A PENDULUM
• A simple pendulum consists of a heavy point mass suspended from a
rigid support by means of an elastic inextensible string.
NDA & CDS 1 2025 LIVE - PHYSICS - CLASS 19
NDA & CDS 1 2025 LIVE - PHYSICS - CLASS 19
SATELLITES
A satellite is a body which is revolving continuously in an orbit around a
comparatively much larger body.
NDA & CDS 1 2025 LIVE - PHYSICS - CLASS 19
TYPES OF SATELLITES
NDA & CDS 1 2025 LIVE - PHYSICS - CLASS 19
ORBITAL VELOCITY
NDA & CDS 1 2025 LIVE - PHYSICS - CLASS 19
ORBITAL VELOCITY CLOSE TO EARTH
NDA & CDS 1 2025 LIVE - PHYSICS - CLASS 19
ORBITAL VELOCITY - CLOSE TO EARTH SURFACE
NDA & CDS 1 2025 LIVE - PHYSICS - CLASS 19
TIME PERIOD
NDA & CDS 1 2025 LIVE - PHYSICS - CLASS 19
TIME PERIOD - CLOSE TO EARTH SURFACE
NDA & CDS 1 2025 LIVE - PHYSICS - CLASS 19
TIME PERIOD - CLOSE TO EARTH SURFACE
NDA & CDS 1 2025 LIVE - PHYSICS - CLASS 19
TOTAL ENERGY OF SATELLITE
NDA & CDS 1 2025 LIVE - PHYSICS - CLASS 19
ESCAPE SPEED
The minimum speed with which a body must be projected vertically upwards in order
that it may just escape from the gravitational pull of the earth.
NDA & CDS 1 2025 LIVE - PHYSICS - CLASS 19
SUMMARY
• Newton’s Law of Gravitation
• Acceleration due to Gravity
• Kepler’s Laws
• Time period of a Pendulum
• Satellites
• Escape Speed
