ACTIVITYY
OBJECTIVE
&2 cm. o
***.
least count es..
0 d r e
a paper scale of øiven
APPARATUS
nmarked i l cnn
and mm, foviCo
w n t e paper sheet. pencil. scale
wvith sharp eise students,
AC used by engineerng
o" , a paper cutter, thick ivory sheet
a
pa dod Q
B
ITHTTTITTTT
A
13 14 15
11 12
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 89 10
S
R
X
0.02 cm.
Fig. 1. Scale of least count
P B
A
9 10 11 12 13 14 15S
1 2 3 4 5 6 78
R
count 0.5 cm.
Fig. 2. Scale of least
THEORY
be measured by the instrument
minimum observation that can
Least count. The
count of instrument.
accurately is called the least be measured by
observation that can
instrument. The maximum
Range of an
instrument is called its range.
PROCEDURE
least count 0.2 cm
scale of
(A) Paper lengthwise.
sheet in the middle along
white paper
1. Fold a
the length a line PQ 15 cm long by a sharp pencil, IEio
11
9 M a r k in the upper half along cm and write a s 0 1 9
distance On
F ata of 1.0
3Take P a s zero mark points
15.
115
16
COMPREHENSIVE PRACTICAL PHYS
4. Mark the vertical lines to line PQ at the position
5. Draw another sharp line RS which is parallel
to PQ
each
at a
0, 1, 2,
distance
of
of 8
8
mm,
mark
istance .1,2,.. uptg
about 25 mm. And
to PQ at a distance of d compley
6. Draw another line XY parallel
sharp black ink pen.
rectangle ABXY. Darken the rectangle using
by marki
7. Now divide each 1.0 cm interval into five equal divisions on PQ by
every interval of 2 mm. Mark these points upto 15 cm mark. marking poinn,
8. Now draw sharp small lines about 3 mm long perpendicular to PQ or
point which is separated by 2 mm. each
9. Draw another line AB parallel to PQ at a gap of 3 mm.
10. Darken each line and division by the sharp write 1, 2,..
black pen, and write 2, . . . 15
I
cm mark. ate
11. Cut the rectangular scale by a sharp paper cutter and paste it on a thick
and cut the sheet along the boundary of the rectangle with the ivormory s
12.
help of scissors
Paper scale of least count 0.2 mm and of the
range of 15 cm is ready.
(B) Paper scale of least count
0.5 cmn
1. Repeat
the steps 1 to 6 as in
part A of the above activity.
2. Divide each 1.0 cm
interval into two equal divisions on PQ by
interval of5 mm and mark these marking points at ere
3. Draw points up to 15 cm mark.
(Fig. 2).
sharp small lines about 3 mm
which is long perpendicular to PQ
separated by 5 mm. on each of the pir
4. Draw another line AB
5. Darken each line and
parallel to PQ at a gap of 3 mm.
division by the
cm mark. sharp black pen and write
6. 1, 2, .. 15 at e
Repeat the step 11 as in
7. part A of the
Paper scale of least count 0.5
Activity
1.
(C) Measure and of the
cm
the range of 15
1. Place
length of
pencil with the cm is ready.
end A of the
one
paper scale
mark say 1 cm pencil
and read the along the scale (A) in
placing the one end A position of the
such a way so that A s at
end. of the pencil at 2 other end. e
2. Use the
cm mark Repeat
and take the
the oDseervation
second scale (B) reading the
step and
1 of least count 0.5
record the
OBSERVATIONS observations. cm in
the similar nner as explained
manner a
Least count of
the scale
(A) =
..
0.2 cm.
A C T I V I T I E S - A
117
able for
length of the pencil using scale (A)
Reading at one end A of the Reading at other end B Length of the pencil = az - a1
S. No.
pencil a (cm) ag (cm) cm)
1
1.0
2 2.0
Mean length of the pencil = . . Cm.
Table for length of the pencil using scale (B)
S. No. Reading at one end A of the Reading at other end B Length of the pencil = a2 - G1
pencil a, (cm) ag (cm) (cm)
1. 1.0
2. 2.0
Mean length of the pencil = . . . cm.
RESULT
1. The scales of the least count 0.2 cm and 0.5 cm have been made.
2. The length of the pencil, using scale (A) = Cm.
The length of the pencil, using scale (B) = . . cm.
PRECAUTIONS (to be taken)
1. The markings should be longer than 0.2 cm and 0.5 cm markings.
cm
2. Final lines and marking should be drawn by using fine tipped black ink
pen.
3. Paper scale should be pasted on the thick ivory paper.
4. Use very sharp pencil for the graduation marks.
SOURCES OF ERROR
1. Graduation marks may not be equally separated.
2 The lines showing graduations may not be sharp as required.
