Pair of Linear Equations in two variables
Study material
Definition:
a1x + b1y + c1 = 0
a2x + b2y + c2 = 0
Is a pair Linear equation in two variables x and y, where a1, a2, b1, b2, c1 and c2, are real
numbers and a12 + b12 ≠ 0
a22 + b22 ≠ 0
Method to solve the pair of linear equations in two variables
. Graphical Method
. Algebraic Method.
. Substitution method
. Elimination method
* Graphical Method
→ A Linear Equation in two variables always represents a St. Line.
→ A Pair of Linear Equations always represents two St. Line
→ When a pair of Linear Equations in two variables represented graphically there may
arise three following Cases:
L1 L2 L1 & L2 L1
L2
Intersecting Overlapping
Parrar
el
lines
(i) Unique solution (ii) Infinitely many solutions (iii) No
solution
Consistent System: A system having either unique
Inconsistent System:
Solution or infinitely many solutions. A system having no
solution.
Algebraic Conditions for different solutions
→For unique solution: a1/ a2 ≠ b2/ b2
→ For infinitely many solutions: a1/ a2 = b2/ b2 = c2/ c2
→ For No Solution: a1/ a2 = b2/ b2 ≠ c2/ c2
Assignment
PAIR OF LINEAR EQUATION IN TWO VARIABLES
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Q .01 On comparing the ratios a1/a2 , b1/b2 and c1/c2 ,
Find out whether the lines representing the following pairs of linear equations
intersect at a point , are parallel or coincident.
(I). 5x - 4y + 8 = 0
7x + 6y - 9 = 0
(ii)9x + 3y +12 = 0
18x + 6y + 24 =0
(iii). 6x -3y +10 =0
2x - y + 9 = 0
Also state whether the given pairs are consistent or inconsistent.
Q2. Solve the given system of linear equations graphically
3x + y - 11 = 0
x - y -1 = 0
Shade the reason bonded by these lines and y axis and find the coordinates of the
vertices of triangle formed by these lines and y axis. Find the area of triangle soap
formed.
Q. 3. Show graphically that given system of equations has Infinitely many solutions.
(a) 2x + 3y = 6 ( b) x -2y = 5
4x + 6y. =12. 3x - 6y. =15
Q. 4 . Show graphically that given system of equations is inconsistent I,e. has no
solution
(a) 2x + 3y = 4
4x + 6y = 12
(b). x - 2y = 6
3x -6y. =. 0
SOLVE FOR X AND Y .
(5). (a). 2x - y +3. = 0
3x - 7y + 10. = 0
(b) X/2. - Y/9. = 6
X/7. + Y/3 = 5
Q.6. (a). O.3x + 0.5y = 0.5
0.5x + 0.7y = 0.74
(b). 0.2x + 0.3y = 1.3
0.4x +0.5y = 2.3
Q 7. (a). 5/x + 6/y = 13
3/x + 4y = 7
(b). 5/x - 3/y = 1
3/2x + 2/3y = 5
Q. 8. (a) 4x + 6y = 3xy
8x + 9y = 5xy
(b) X + Y = 5XY
3x + 2y =13xy
Q9. (a). 5/(x+1) - 2/(y-1) = 1/2
10/(x+1) + 2/(y-1) = 5/2
(b). 2/(3x+2y) + 3/(3x-2y) = 17/5
5/(3x+2y) + 1/(3x-2y) = 2
Q 10 . (a). ax-by = a²+b²
X+Y = 2a
(b). bx/a. + ay/b = a²+b²
X+Y = 2ab
(c). (xy)/(X+Y) = 6/5
(xy)/(Y-x) = 6
(d) (7x-2y)//xy. = 5
( 8x+7y)/ (xy) = 15
Q. 11. For what value of k does the system of equations
Kx + 2y = 5
3x - 4y = 10
have (i) a unique solution (ii) no solution?
Q 12. Find the value of k for which each of the following systems of linear equations
has an infinite number of solutions.
(a) Kx + 3y = 2k+1
2(k+1)x + 9y 7k+1
(b). ( K-1)x - y = 5
( K+1)x + (1-k)y = 3k+1
Q 13 . Find the values of a and b for which each of the following system of linear
equations has an infinite number of solutions
( a) ( 2a-1)x + 3y = 5
3x + ( b-1)y = 2
(b). 2x+3y = 7
2ax+( a+b )y. = 28
Q 14 . Find the value of k for which system has no solution :
(a). 3x-y-5 = 0
6x-2y+k = 0
(b). Kx+ 3y = k- 3
12x + ky = k.
WORD PROBLEM
Q15. A fraction becomes 9/11, if 2 is added to both the numerator and denominator. If
3 is added to both the numerator and denominator it becomes 5/6.Find the fraction.
Q.16. The taxi charges in a city consists of a fixed charge together with the charge for
the distance covered. For a distance of 20 km, the charge paid is Rs 105 and for a
journey of 15 km, the charge paid is Rs 155.What are the fixed charge and the charge
per km? How much does a person have to pay for travelling a distance of 25 km?
Q, 17. Two women and 5 men can together finish and embroidery work in 4 days, while
3 women and 6 men can finish it in 3 days .Find the time taken by 1 women alone to
finish the work and also that taken by 1 man alone.
Q, 18. A boat goes 12 km upstream and 40 km downstream in 8 hours. It can go 16 km
16 km upstream and 32 km downstream in the same time. Find the speed of the boat in
still water and speed of the stream.
Q, 19 The difference between two numbers is 14 and the difference between their
squares is 448.Find numbers.
Q, 20. 0The sum of the digits of two digit number is 15.The number obtained by
interchanging the digits exceeds the given number by 9. Find the numbers.
Q21. The sum of the numbers and denominator of a fraction is 4 more than twice the
numerator.If the numerator and denominator are increased by 3, they are in ratio 2:3.
Find the fraction.
Q. 22. A two digit number is such that the product of its digits is 18. When 63 is
subtracted from the number, the digits interchange their places .Find the number.
Q, 23. Find a fraction which becomes 1/2 when one is subtracted from the numerator
and 2 is added to the denominator and the fraction becomes 1/3 when 7 is subtracted
from the numerator and 2 is subtracted from the denominator.
Q. 24. Two years ago, a man was 5 times as old as his son. 2 years later, his age will be
8 more than three times the age of his son. Find their present age.
Q25. A man's age is three times the sum of the ages of his two sons. After 5 years, his
age will be twice the sum of the ages of his two sons .Find the age of man.
Q. 26. The area of a rectangle gets reduced by 8 m², When its length is reduced by 5
meter and its breadth is increased by 3m .If we increase the length by 3 m and breadth
by 2 m, the area is increased by 74 m². Find the length and breadth of rectangle.
Q. 27. Places A and B are 100 KM apart on a highway. One car starts from A and another
from B at the same time. If the cars travel in the same direction at different speeds,
they meet in 5 hours .If they travel towards each other, they meet in 1 hour. What are
the speeds of the two cars.
Q. 28.A Train covered a certain distance at uniform speed. If the train had been 60 km
per hour faster , it would have taken 4 hours less than the scheduled time and if the
train where slower by 6 km per hour , it would have taken 6 hours more than the
schedule time. Find the length of the journey.
Q. 29. In a ∆ ABC, angle C = 3(angle B) = 2(angle A + angle B).Find the angles
Q30. In a cyclic quadrilateral ABCD, It is given that angle A = (2x+ 4) degree, angle B =
(y+ 3) degree, angle C = (2y+10) degree, and angle D = (4x- 5) degree. Find the four
angles.
Q.31. A part of monthly hostel charges in a college hostel are fixed and the remaining
depends on the number of days one has taken food in the mess. When A student takes
food for 25 days, he has to pay Rs 4500, whereas a student B who takes food for 30
days, has to pay Rs5200 .Find the fixed charge for month and cost of food per day.
Q. 32. The monthly income of A and B are in the ratio 5:4 and their monthly
expenditures are in the ratio 7:5 . If each saves Rs 9000 per month, find the monthly
income of each.
Q. 33. A man invested an amount at 10% per annum and another amount at 8% per
annum simple interest .Thus if he received Rs 1350 as annual interest.Had he
interchanged the amounts invested, he would have received Rs 45 less as ,interest
what amounts did he invest at different rates?
Q. 34. A man sold a chair and table together for Rs1520 , thereby making a profit of
25% on chair and 10% on table . By selling them together for Rs 1535 , he would have
made a profit of 10% on the chair and 25% on the table . Find the cost price of each.
Q. 35. 90% and 97% pure acid solutions are mixed to obtain 21 litres of 95% pure acid
solution .Find quantity of each type of acid to be mixed to form the mixture.
CASE - STUDY PROBLEMS
Q.36. A test consists of true or false questions. One mark is awarded for every correct
answer while 1/4 mark is deducted for every wrong answer .A student knew answers
to some of the questions .Rest of the questions he attempted by guessing . He
answered 120 questions and
got 90 marks .
Answer following questions :
1). He answer to all questions he attempted by guessing were wrong ,then how many
questions did he answer correctly?
2) how many questions did he guess?
3) If answerto all questions he attempted by guessing were wrong and answered 80
correctly , then how many marks he got?
4) If answered to all questions he attempted by guessing were wrong then how many
questions answered correctly to score 95 marks?
Q36. Arun ,a production manager ine Mumbai ,hires a taxi everyday to go to his office .
The taxi charge in Mumbai consists of a fixed charge together with the charge for
distance covered. His office is at a distance of 10 km from his home . For a distance of
10 km to his office , Arun paid Rs105. while coming back home , he took another route.
He covered a distance of 15 km and paid Rs 155 .Based on the above information
,answer the following questions.
1) what are the fixed charges?
2) what are charge per kilometer?
3) If fixed charge are Rs 20 and charge per kilometer are Rs10 then how much would
Arun have to pay for travelling a distance of 10 km?
4). Find the total amount paid by Arun for travelling 10 km from home to office and 25
km from office to home .( Fixed charges and charges per kilometer are as in (I)and (ii
ASSERTION AND REASON TYPE QUESTIONS
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(A) Both ASSERTION and REASON are true and REASON is correct explanation of
Assertion.
(B) Both Assertion and Reason are true but reason is not correct explaynation of
assertion.
(C). Assertion is true and reason is false.
(D). Assertion is false and reason is true.
Q 37. ASSERTION: A homogeneous system of equations
3x-4y=0
2x-3y=0. has unique solution x=0 and y= 0
REASON : The homogeneous system of equations
a1x + b1y = 0
A2x + b2y = 0
has unique solution x=0 and y =0 when
a1/a2. =. b1/b2
Q 38 . ASSERTION : If system of equations 3x + 6y = 10 and 2x - ky + 5 =0 is
inconsistent,then k = -4
REASON : The system of equations
a1x + b1y + c1 = 0
a2x + b2y + c2 = 0. is inconsistent iff
a1/a2 = b1/b2 = c1/c2
Q. 39. ASSERTION : THE AREA OF RECTANGLE FORMED BY LINES REPRESENTING X = 8
,Y =6 WITH THE COORDINATES AXIS IS 24 SQUARE UNITS.
REASON : THE SYSTEM OF EQUATIONS X=8, Y=6 is consistent with a unique solution.
Q. 40. ASSERTION : If a pair of linear equations represent coincident lines,then the
equations are consistent and have a unique solution.
REASON : A PAIR OF LINEAR EQUATIONS
a1x + b1y + c1 =0
a2x + b2y + c2 = 0
represents coincident lines iff
a1/a2 = b1/b2 = c1/c2
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
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Q 41. If ax + by = a² - b² and bx + ay =0, then the value of x+ y. is
A) a²- b². B). a+b. C)a- b. D)a²+b²
Q42. The area of triangle formed by the line
X/a + Y/b = 1 with coordinate axex is
A). ab. B) ab/2. C) ab/4. D). 2ab
Q 43. One equation of a pair of dependent linear equation is -5x+ 7y - 2 = 0, the second
equation can be
A) 10x + 14y +4 = 0. B). -10x - 14y + 4 = 0
C) -10x + 14y +4 =0. D). 10x - 14y = -4
Q .44. A pair of equations ax + 2y = 9 and 3x+ by = 18 represent parallel lines,where a ,
b are integers, if
A) a= b. B)3a = 2b. C). 2a = 3b. D). ab = 6
Q. 45. The system of equations. X=0 , Y = 3 has
A) unique solution. B). No solution. C) two solutions. D) Infinitely many solutions
Q. 46. If pair of linear equations
2x - 3y = 0
and kx + 6y =0
has non zero solutions,then the value of k is
A) -12. B). 4. C) -4. D). 12
Q. 47. The point of intersection of the line represented by 3x - y = 3. and y- axis is given
by
A). (0, -3). B). ( 0, 3). C). ( 2,0). D). ( -2 ,0 )
Q. 48 Two lines are given to the parallel .The equation of one of these lines is
5x-3y= 2. The equation of second line may be
A). -15x - 9y =5 B) 15x+9y = 5. C) 9x - 15y =6 D). -15x+ 9y = 5
Q 49. If a pair of linear equations is consistent then the graph lines will be
A) parallel. B) Always coincident. C). Always intersecting. D) Intersecting or
coincident.
Q. 50. If a pair of linear equation is inconsistent then their graph lines will be
A). Parallel. B). Always coincident. C). Always intersecting. D) intersecting or
coincident.
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