RAJIV GANDHI UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES

BENGALURU, KARNATAKA

SYNOPSIS PROFORMA FOR REGISTRATION OF SUBJECT FOR

DISSERTATION

1. NAME OF THE CANDIDATE : MR. STEPHEN JOHN

AND ADDRESS I YEAR M.Sc NURSING,
GOVERNMENT COLLEGE OF
NURSING, FORT,
BENGALURU-02.

2. NAME OF THE INSTITUTION : GOVERNMENT COLLEGE OF

NURSING, FORT,
BENGALURU-02

3. COURSE OF STUDY AND : M.Sc NURSING

SUBJECT COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING

4. DATE OF ADMISSION : 21-07-2011

5. TITLE OF THE TOPIC :

EFFECTIVENESS OF VIDEO
ASSISTED TEACHING
PROGRAMME ON
KNOWLEDGE REGARDING
GLOBAL WARMING AND ITS
CONTROL AMONG THE
STUDENTS AT SELECTED
RURAL PRE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE, BENGALURU
DISTRICT.
6. BRIEF RESUME OF THE INTENDED WORK

INTRODUCTION:

“CLIMATE CHANGE IS NO LONGER A DOOMSDAY PROPHECY, IT'S A

REALITY.”
-Astrid Heiberg

We live on this beautiful planet earth but as the time has passed we are now
exploiting our home planet earth. Global warming has emerged as one of the most
important environmental issues ever to confront humanity. This concern arises from the
fact that our everyday activities may be leading to changes in the earth's atmosphere that
have the potential to significantly alter the planet's heat and radiation balance. Recent report
of intergovernmental panel on climate change (IPCC) 2007 stated that global warming is
leading to rise in temperature by which is much more than expected earlier. 1

The term environment implies all the external factors - living & non- living,
material & non- material – which surround man. In its modern concept, environment
includes not only the air, water & soil but also social & economic conditions under which
we live. The key to man’s health lies largely in his environment. In fact, much of man’s ill-
health can be traced to adverse environmental factor such as water pollution, soil pollution,
air pollution, poor housing condition, presence of animals reservoirs & insect vector of
disease which pose a constant threat to man’s health. The immediate environment of man
comprises of air on which depends all forms of life. Apart from supplying the life giving
oxygen, air & atmospheric conditions serve several functions. 2

The immeasurable amount of sea water is one of the main sources of water. Almost
3500litres of water evaporates from per square mile of sea surface in a minute. This water
falls on earth in the form of rain, snow, dew, & hails depending on the temperature of that
area. We receive that water through ground waters, rivers, ponds, lakes & wells. Land is
also a very important natural resource like air & water, for all the living organisms on the
earth planet.3 Land is the solid part of the earth’s surface while soil is the upper layer of
the earth in which plants are grown. Thus, soil is the upper party of land. Often these two
terms are used interchangeably.4

Normally the solar energy from the sun reaches the earth to be utilized by plants &
animals. Heat is produced in this process which gets radiated back into the space & the
temperature of the earth is maintained. But due to burning of fuels greenhouse gases are
generated, as in power plants, factories and automobiles. Majorly Carbon-di-oxide & water
vapours are released into the atmosphere & form a layer along the ozone layer in the
atmosphere. This layer allows the solar energy from sun to pass through on to earth’s
surface but traps the heat back into the earth’s atmosphere. This is affecting earth’s
temperature; the phenomenon is known as green house effect. The ultimate result of which
is GLOBAL WARMING. This is affecting change in weather leading to natural calamities,
ecological imbalance & many other human health related problems.4

According to Intergovernmental panel on climate change report, global warming

will have major impact on Asia and India is at high risk amongst the Asian countries.
Global warming has often been described as one of the most serious environmental
problems ever to confront humanity, as this problem is inextricably linked to the process
of development and economic growth itself. Since greenhouse gases are generated by
burning fossil fuels as in power plants, factories and automobiles, it is not easy to reduce
emissions, since virtually every facet of our lives is intimately tied to the consumption of
energy. Climate change is an unusually difficult issue for the people who make the
decisions in democratic governments.5

Rural India does not have the awareness of the term "Global Warming" but are the
key players in abstaining from contributing to global warming. A major contributor of
global warming is the urban India who are not only aware of the term "Global Warming"
but also its effects on the atmosphere of the planet earth.6
6.1 NEED FOR THE STUDY

Climate varies across space and time, so climate is studied on a variety of spatial
and time scales. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National
Weather Service calculates a 30-year average once a decade. The current "normals" (issued
July 1, 2011) are based on data from 1981 to 2010. According to the World Meteorological
Organization between 1961 and 1990, the annual average temperature for the globe was
around 57.2°F (14.0°C). In 2010, the global temperature was about 0.95°F (0.53°C) above
that long-term average, as estimated by World Meteorological Organization.7

Averaged over all land and ocean surfaces, temperature have warmed roughly
1.33°F (0.74ºC) over the last century, according to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate
Change more than half of this warming—about 0.72°F (0.4°C)—has occurred since 1979.
Since the industrial revolution, people have burned vast amounts of coal, petroleum, and
other fossil fuels to create heat and power. This releases carbon dioxide, the most plentiful
human-produced greenhouse gas, into the atmosphere. Therefore, more heat is trapped in
Earth's atmosphere instead of radiating out into space. Resulting in rise in earth’s
temperature, what we know it as global warming. On average, carbon dioxide lasts more
than a century in the atmosphere. As a result, CO2 is well mixed around the globe.
Measurements collected at Hawaii’s Mauna Loa and other locations shows a steady rise in
global carbon dioxide concentrations since 1958. These concentrations have increased by
35% since preindustrial times, according to the World Meteorological Organization.7

A Meta analysis was done on High temperatures and health outcomes to analyze the
relationship between high temperatures and population health Impacts, in terms of
mortality and morbidity. A literature search was conducted using Medline to collect data
from Studies on heat waves, temperature-health impacts curve, risk factors, and Preventive
measures. All the data collected was published in English and Available up to December
2009. The study revealed that increase in heat wave-related excess mortality. Recent
studies have demonstrated that a forward shift of deaths may only explain a very limited
quantity of the excess mortality observed (up to 15%) during major heat waves.8
 A comparative study was done on now what do people know about global climate
change? Survey studies of educated laypeople. In 1992, a mental-models-based survey in
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania was carried out. The survey results of which were compared with
2009 data from a sample of similarly well-educated laypeople responding to the same
survey instrument. The study revealed that survey respondents in 2009 showed higher
awareness and comprehension of some climate change causes when compared with survey
respondents of 1992. Despite this, many individuals in 2009 still had incorrect beliefs about
climate change, and still did not appear to fully appreciate key facts such as that global
warming is primarily due to increased concentrations of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere,
and the single most important source of this carbon dioxide is the combustion of fossil
fuels.9

A descriptive study was conducted on Public Awareness about Global Warming in

Hyderabad, India, among the general population which included Students, Government,
Corporate sector and Homemakers with a total subjects of 851. A structured questionnaire
was given for data collection. The study showed that 13.2% were in Stage 0 and not
engaged with the problem. In Stage 1 were 5.3% who did not know whether global
warming was a serious issue or not. In Stage 2a were 9.4% who said that global warming
was not a problem. A significant number, 78.6%, were in Stage 2a as they acknowledged
that global warming was a very serious problem. Sixty-one and two tenths percent were
very concerned about the effect of global warming on their way of life in future. This study
shows that even in developing countries like India, people are aware of the issue of global
warming and its seriousness. However, they do not have a clear understanding of the causes
and impacts of this environmental issue and what they can do to mitigate global warming.
The study concluded conveying that Public participation in global warming mitigation
programs could be enhanced significantly by increasing people’s understanding of and
knowledge about all aspects of global warming.10
 In totality, the world is temporarily affected by hot and cold climate periods. The
industrial revolution which started in 1875 changed weather conditions. The
industrialization, urbanization, deforestation, high automobile dependency and the
increasing population density are forcing governments to consume more fossil fuels and
are affecting the artificial greenhouse gases' fluctuation. Even if the usage of fossil fuels
could be prohibited, greenhouse gases extant in the atmosphere are going to remain for
hundred years.

Looking at the above supportive studies & the present scenario, Investigator felt
that the current burning global problem is GLOBAL WARMING as it has wide & long
term adverse effects on ecosystem and human health. Uneven weather conditions, floods,
cyclones, tsunamis are the live examples of effects of global warming which occurred in
past few years. Studies done previously in this aspect imply that very few percentage of
Indian population know what is global warming & especially the rural population.
Therefore, this appeals for a study so that the present & coming generations have depth
knowledge of what is global warming, what are the adverse affects of global warming &
how can it be controlled or minimized. The effects of global warming on ecosystem and
human health calls for a need of controlled use of fossil fuels and preservation of ecosystem
to prevent further worsening of the situation. In addition to this to bring awareness among
people about this burning problem global warming with a purpose of good environmental
health that will promote health & prevent diseases.

6.2 REVIEW OF LITERATURE:

 A study was conducted regarding changes in chromosomal polymorphism & global
warming: The case of drosophila subobscura from apatin (Serbia). In this study,
chromosomal inversion polymorphism data for a natural population of Drosophila
subobscura from a swampy region near the town of Apatin (Serbia) were compared with
data for the same population collected approximately 15 years earlier with total subjects
about 1994. The study revealed that natural selection has produced chromosomal changes
in response to the increase in temperature that has occurred in the Balkan Peninsula of
central south eastern European.11

A study was conducted on global climate change & and children's health: threats
and strategies for prevention to review projected impacts of climate change on children's
health, the pathways involved in these effects, and preventive strategies. Researcher
assessed primary studies, review articles, and organizational reports to collect data. The
study revealed that Climate change is increasing the global burden of disease and in the
year 2000 was responsible for > 150,000 deaths worldwide. Of this disease burden, 88%
fell upon children. The study concluded that further quantification of the effects of climate
change on children's health is needed globally and also at regional and local levels through
enhanced monitoring of children's environmental health.12

An observational study was conducted at Smt. Kashibai Navale Medical College in

Pune city on assessment of awareness regarding climate change and its health hazards
among the medical students. In this study a total of 250 medical students were included. A
self-administered, pre-test, questionnaire was used for data collection. Responses were
evaluated. The study showed that 98.40% of students commented on global climate change,
98% students opined that human activities are contributing to climate change. According
to 47.50% of the students, health-related issues are priority for climate change prevention
strategy. The study concluded that Students had awareness regarding health hazards of the
climate change, but improvement for mitigation is required.13
 An experimental study was conducted on Population risk perceptions of
global warming in Australia, among adults. A module of questions on global warming was
incorporated into the New South Wales Population Health Survey in the second quarter of
2007. This Computer Assisted Telephone Interview (CATI) was completed by a
representative sample of 2004 adults. The study revealed that Overall 62.1% perceived that
global warming was likely to worsen; 56.3% were very or extremely concerned that they
or their family would be directly affected by global warming; and 77.6% stated that they
had made some level of change to the way they lived their lives, because of the possibility
of global warming. The study concluded with a high proportion of respondents reported
that they perceived that global warming would worsen, were concerned that it would affect
them and their families and had already made changes in their lives because of it. These
findings support a readiness in the population to deal with global warming. This study
recommended for Future research and programs to investigate population-level strategies
for future action.14

An experimental study was conducted on US local action on heat and health: are
we prepared for climate change? To assess Global climate change is increasing the
frequency of heat waves, hot weather, and temperature variability, which contribute to
mortality and illness. Researcher designed a survey about local government programs to
prevent health problems and reduce heat exposure during heat waves and administered it
to 285 US communities. The study showed that out Of 70 respondents, 26 indicated that
excessive heat events are a significant issue for the local government; 30 had established
preventive programs. Local government leadership and public health impacts of heat were
cited most frequently as extremely important determinants of preventive programs,
followed by implementation costs, economic impacts of hot weather, and greenhouse gas
emissions mitigation. The study concluded that new partnerships and financial resources
are needed to support more widespread local action to prevent adverse health consequences
of climate change and promote environmental sustainability.15
 A descriptive study was done on possible role of climate changes in variations in
pollen seasons and allergic sensitizations during 27 years, to assess variations in pollens
and allergic sensitizations across 27 years in relation to climate change in a specific region.
Researcher recorded pollen counts, season durations, and prevalence of sensitizations for
5 major pollens (birch, cypress, olive, grass, and Parietaria) in western Liguria between
1981 and 2007.The study showed that there was a progressive increase in the duration of
the pollen and also, the total pollen load progressively. The study concluded that the
progressive climate changes, with increased temperatures, may modify the global pollen
load and affect the rate of allergic sensitization across long periods.16

A Study was done on Policy on global warming: fiddling while the globe burns?
To assess the extent that the health consequences of global warming and the responses to
it take due account of its impact on poverty and inequality. Researcher did a systematic
Reviewing of the relevant literature on global warming, proposed solutions and the impact.
Study showed that to date, too little attention has been paid to the health consequences
arising from the increased poverty and inequality that global warming will bring. The study
concluded that Solutions lie in rethinking the global economic system that we have relied
upon over the past several decades and the global institutions that have led and fed off that
global system. The recommendations of this study is that Public health practitioners need
to look and act globally more often.17

A study was done on public health preparedness for the impact of global warming
on human health, to assess the changes in weather and weather-associated disturbances
related to global warming; the impact on human health of these changes; and the public
health preparedness mandated by this impact. Researcher did a qualitative review of Sixty-
seven journal articles. The study concluded that the projections and signs of global
environmental changes are worrisome, and there are reasons to believe that. The study also
conveyed essentiality of public health professionals to become involved in advocating for
change at individual, community, & global level, as well as through professional
organizations.18
 A study was done on Characterization factors for global warming in life cycle
assessment based on damages to humans and ecosystems, to asses Human and ecosystem
health damage due to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. In this study researcher derived
new characterization factors for 63 GHGs that quantify the impact of an emission change
on human and ecosystem health damage. The study found that the characterization factor
for human health damage by carbon dioxide (CO2) ranges from 1.1 x 10(-2) to 1.8 x 10(+1)
DALY per kton of emission, while the characterization factor for ecosystem damage by
CO2 ranges from 5.4 x 10(-2) to 1.2 x 10(+1) disappeared fraction of species over space
and time ((km2 x year)/kton), depending on the scenario chosen. The study stresses on the
importance of dealing with value choices in the life cycle impact, assessment of GHG
emissions.19

A non- experimental study was done on Projecting heat-related mortality impacts

under a changing climate in the New York City region to project future impacts of climate
change on summer heat-related premature deaths in the New York City metropolitan
region. In this study researcher simulated Current and future climates over the northeastern
United States with a global-to-regional climate modeling system. The study showed that
Projected regional increases in heat-related premature mortality by the 2050s ranged from
47% to 95%, with a mean 70% increase compared with the 1990s.This study concluded
saying although considerable uncertainty exists in climate forecasts and future health
vulnerability, the range of projections we developed suggests that by midcentury,
acclimatization may not completely mitigate the effects of climate change in the New York
City metropolitan region, which would result in an overall net increase in heat-related
premature mortality.20
 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM.

EFFECTIVENESS OF VIDEO ASSISTED TEACHING

PROGRAMME ON KNOWLEDGE REGARDING GLOBAL
WARMING AND ITS CONTROL AMONG THE STUDENTS AT
SELECTED RURAL PRE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE, BENGALURU
DISTRICT.

6.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY.

1. To assess the existing knowledge regarding global warming and its control among
the students of rural pre university College.

2. To develop and conduct video assisted teaching programme regarding global

warming and its control to the students of rural pre university College.

3. To evaluate the effectiness of video assisted teaching programme regarding global

warming and its control among the students of rural pre university College.

4. To find an association between the post test knowledge scores with selected
demographic variables.

6.3.1. HYPOTHESIS.

H-1: There will be a significant difference between pre test and post test knowledge scores
regarding Global Warming and its control among the students of rural pre university
College.

H-2: There will be a significant association between post test knowledge scores regarding
Global Warming and its control among the students of rural pre university college with
selected demographic variables.
6.3.2. RESEARCH VARIABLES.

1) Independent variable : Video assisted teaching programme on global warming

and its control .

2) Dependent variable : Post test knowledge scores of rural pre university

Students regarding global warming and its control.

3) Attribute variables : Age, Gender, Type of family,

Religion, Family monthly income, Source of
Information and combination of students.

6.3.3. OPERATIONAL DEFINITION.

Effectiveness: It refers to a gain in knowledge regarding global warming and its control as
determined by significant difference in pre and post test knowledge scores.

Video assisted teaching: It refers to a systematically organized teaching material with the
help of video regarding global warming and its control designed for rural pre university
students by the investigator.

Knowledge: It refers to correct responses given by the rural pre university students
regarding global warming and its control measured by structured knowledge questionnaire.

Global warming: It refers to the rising average temperature of Earth's atmosphere and
oceans and its projected continuation.

Pre university students: It refers to students who are pursuing II year pre university
education.
7. MATERIALS AND METHODS.

7.1 Source of data : II year pre university college students who are
Studying in rural pre university college,
Bengaluru.

7.2Method of collection of data : Structured knowledge questionnaire

7.2.1 Definition of the study subjects : College students of rural

pre university college, Bengaluru.

7.2.2 Inclusion and Exclusion criteria

a) Inclusion criteria : Pre university college students who are
1. Studying in selected rural pre
university college, Bengaluru.
2. Studying in II year pre university
course.
3. Willing to participate in the
study.
4. Present at the time of data
collection.

b) Exclusion criteria :
1. Student who are sick or ill

7.2.3 Research approach : Experimental approach.

7.2.4 Research design : Single group pre test and post test
Pre-experimental design

7.2.5 Setting :
The study will be conducted in the
selected rural Pre university College at
Bengaluru.
7.2.6 Sampling technique : Purposive sampling technique.
7.2.7 a) Sample size : 60 rural pre university college students.
b) Duration of the study : 30 days.

7.2.8 Tool of research : Structured knowledge questionnaire will

be used to collect data from the samples
which consist of 2 parts.

Part I- The investigator will use the

demographic variables such as Age,
Gender, Educational status, Type of
family, Religion, Family monthly
income, Source of information.

Part II- The investigator will develop

Structured knowledge questionnaire for
assessing the knowledge of rural pre
university college students regarding
global warming and its control.

7.2.9 Collection of data : i) After obtaining consent from the

concerned authority and subjects,
investigator himself collects the data by
using Structured knowledge
questionnaire regarding global warming
and its control then conduct video
assisted teaching programme on the
same day.
ii) Post test data will be conducted by
using the same Structured knowledge
questionnaire after one week of video
assisted teaching.
7.2.10 Method of data analysis and : (i) Investigator will use descriptive
presentation statistical techniques such as mean,
median, mode, standard deviation to
assess the level of knowledge regarding
Global Warming and its control among
the students of rural pre university
college and Inferential statistics like chi
square test will be used to find the
association between pre test and post
test knowledge scores with selected
demographic variables, paired ‘t’ test
will be used to find the effectiveness of
video assisted teaching programme.

(ii) The analyzed data will be presented

in the form of tables, diagrams and
graphs.

7.3 Does the study require investigation to be conducted in patients

or other human or animals? If so please describe briefly.
Yes, the study will be conducted on rural pre university college students
regarding global warming and its control.

7.4 Has ethical clearance been obtained from your institution in case of 7.3?

• Yes informed consent will be obtained from the concerned authority and subjects of
institution.
• Privacy, confidentiality and anonymity will be guarded.
• Scientific objectivity of the study will be maintained with honesty and impartiality.
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9. Signature of the Candidate :

10. Remarks of the Guide : Selected study is more relevant to the

existing world scenario.
Selected study is innovative.
Study will be helpful for the prevention
of future calamities.
11. NAME AND
DESIGNATION OF
Mrs.G.NAGARATHNAMMA.M.Sc (N)
11.1 GUIDE : LECTURER
COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING
GOVERNMENT COLLEGE OF NURSING
FORT, BENGALURU-02

11.2 SIGNATURE :
11.3 CO-GUIDE (IF ANY) : Mr. H B PRAKASH, M.Sc. (N)
LECTURER
COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING,
GOVERNMENT COLLEGE OF NURSING,
FORT, BENGALURU -02.

11.4 SIGNATURE :
11.5 HEAD OF THE : Mr. H B PRAKASH, M.Sc. (N)
LECTURER AND HOD
DEPARTMENT COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING,
GOVERNMENT COLLEGE OF NURSING,
FORT, BENGALURU -02.

11.6 SIGNATURE :
12.
:
12.1 Remarks of the Principal THE PROBLEM STATEMENT IS GOOD &
APPROPRIATE FOR THE NURSING
RESEARCH STUDY IN CURRENT
SCENARIO.

12.2 SIGNATURE :
 ETHICAL COMMITTEE CLEARANCE

1. TITLE OF THE DISSERTATION : EFFECTIVENESS OF VIDEO ASSISTED

TEACHING PROGRAMME ON
KNOWLEDGE REGARDING GLOBAL
WARMING AMONG THE STUDENTS
AT THE SELECTED RURAL PRE
UNIVERSITY COLLEGE,
BENGALURU.

2. NAME OF THE CANDIDATE : Mr. STEPHEN JOHN.

AND ADDRESS 1st Year M.Sc. Nursing.
Government College of Nursing.
Fort, Bengaluru -560 002.

3. SUBJECT : Community Health Nursing.

4. NAME OF THE GUIDE : Mrs.G.NAGARATHNAMMA. M.Sc. (N)

LECTURER
COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING
GOVERNMENT COLLEGE OF
NURSING, FORT, BENGALURU -02.

5. APPROVED/NOT APPROVED :
(If not approved, suggestion)

Sri. H H DASEGOWDA Dr. SUVARNA B TALWAR

Head of the Department Head of the Department
Mental Health Nursing Obstetrics and Gynecological Nursing
Government College of Nursing Government college of Nursing
Fort, Bengaluru-560 002 Fort, Bengaluru-560 002.

Smt. RENUKA N Sri. H B PRAKASH

Head of the Department Head of the Department
Child Health Nursing Community Health Nursing
Government College of Nursing Government college of Nursing
Fort, Bengaluru-560 002 Fort, Bengaluru-560 002

Sri. BASAVARAJU G
Head of the Department
Medical Surgical Nursing,
Government College of Nursing,
Fort, Bengaluru-560 002 Smt. S Hemavathy
PRINCIPAL
GOVERNMENT COLLEGE OF NURSING
FORT, BENGALURU -560 002.
LAW EXPERT