European Country Guide
Albania
Capital: Tirana
Language: Albanian
Known for its rugged mountains, Ottoman architecture, and Adriatic beaches.
Andorra
Capital: Andorra la Vella
Language: Catalan
A small principality in the Pyrenees, famous for skiing and duty-free shopping.
Armenia
Capital: Yerevan
Language: Armenian
A landlocked country known for ancient history and the first Christian nation.
Austria
Capital: Vienna
Language: German
Famous for classical music, alpine skiing, and imperial palaces.
Azerbaijan
Capital: Baku
Language: Azerbaijani
Straddling Europe and Asia, known for oil resources and the Caspian Sea.
Belarus
Capital: Minsk
Language: Belarusian, Russian
European Country Guide
Known for Soviet-era architecture and large forested areas.
Belgium
Capital: Brussels
Language: Dutch, French, German
Headquarters of the EU and NATO, famous for chocolate and beer.
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Capital: Sarajevo
Language: Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian
Rich in history, with Ottoman and Austro-Hungarian heritage.
Bulgaria
Capital: Sofia
Language: Bulgarian
Features Black Sea beaches, mountain ranges, and ancient monasteries.
Croatia
Capital: Zagreb
Language: Croatian
Adriatic coastline and historic sites like Dubrovnik attract tourists.
Cyprus
Capital: Nicosia
Language: Greek, Turkish
Island nation with a divided capital and ancient ruins.
Czech Republic
European Country Guide
Capital: Prague
Language: Czech
Famous for castles, mediaeval towns, and world-class beer.
Denmark
Capital: Copenhagen
Language: Danish
Known for its quality of life, design, and fairy-tale castles.
Estonia
Capital: Tallinn
Language: Estonian
Modern digital society with a mediaeval old town.
Finland
Capital: Helsinki
Language: Finnish, Swedish
Land of thousands of lakes and the Northern Lights.
France
Capital: Paris
Language: French
World-renowned for fashion, cuisine, and landmarks like the Eiffel Tower.
Georgia
Capital: Tbilisi
Language: Georgian
Mountainous country with ancient churches and unique alphabet.
European Country Guide
Germany
Capital: Berlin
Language: German
Europe's largest economy, known for engineering and cultural heritage.
Greece
Capital: Athens
Language: Greek
Cradle of Western civilisation and home to ancient ruins.
Hungary
Capital: Budapest
Language: Hungarian
Known for thermal baths, the Danube River, and paprika dishes.
Iceland
Capital: Reykjavik
Language: Icelandic
Land of volcanoes, geysers, and dramatic landscapes.
Ireland
Capital: Dublin
Language: Irish, English
Emerald landscapes, folklore, and literary giants.
Italy
Capital: Rome
Language: Italian
European Country Guide
Birthplace of the Renaissance, home to Vatican City and historical ruins.
Kazakhstan
Capital: Astana
Language: Kazakh, Russian
Mostly in Central Asia, its western part lies in Europe.
Kosovo
Capital: Pristina
Language: Albanian, Serbian
Europe's youngest country, still developing internationally.
Latvia
Capital: Riga
Language: Latvian
Known for Art Nouveau architecture and Baltic beaches.
Liechtenstein
Capital: Vaduz
Language: German
A tiny Alpine principality with strong financial services.
Lithuania
Capital: Vilnius
Language: Lithuanian
One of the Baltic states with a mediaeval capital.
Luxembourg
European Country Guide
Capital: Luxembourg
Language: Luxembourgish, French, German
Small yet wealthy, a key EU centre.
Malta
Capital: Valletta
Language: Maltese, English
Mediterranean island rich in history and fortress cities.
Moldova
Capital: Chisinau
Language: Romanian
Known for its wine and unrecognised Transnistria region.
Monaco
Capital: Monaco
Language: French
A glamorous microstate famous for casinos and Formula One.
Montenegro
Capital: Podgorica
Language: Montenegrin
Adriatic coast and mediaeval villages attract many tourists.
Netherlands
Capital: Amsterdam
Language: Dutch
Known for canals, tulips, windmills, and liberal policies.
European Country Guide
North Macedonia
Capital: Skopje
Language: Macedonian
Historical sites and Lake Ohrid are highlights.
Norway
Capital: Oslo
Language: Norwegian
Famous for fjords, Northern Lights, and oil wealth.
Poland
Capital: Warsaw
Language: Polish
Rich in history, with mediaeval cities and WWII sites.
Portugal
Capital: Lisbon
Language: Portuguese
Atlantic coastline, historic towns, and seafood cuisine.
Romania
Capital: Bucharest
Language: Romanian
Home to Transylvania, castles, and the Carpathian Mountains.
Russia
Capital: Moscow
Language: Russian
European Country Guide
Spanning two continents, with rich cultural and military history.
San Marino
Capital: San Marino
Language: Italian
One of the world's oldest republics, surrounded by Italy.
Serbia
Capital: Belgrade
Language: Serbian
Balkan nation with lively culture and historic sites.
Slovakia
Capital: Bratislava
Language: Slovak
Mountainous landscapes and mediaeval castles.
Slovenia
Capital: Ljubljana
Language: Slovene
Alpine country with lakes and eco-tourism.
Spain
Capital: Madrid
Language: Spanish
Diverse regions, famous for art, food, and festivals.
Sweden
European Country Guide
Capital: Stockholm
Language: Swedish
Modern society with a strong welfare system and design heritage.
Switzerland
Capital: Bern
Language: German, French, Italian, Romansh
Neutral country known for banking, chocolate, and the Alps.
Turkey
Capital: Ankara
Language: Turkish
Bridges Europe and Asia with rich history and culture.
Ukraine
Capital: Kyiv
Language: Ukrainian
Known for fertile plains and a history of resilience.
United Kingdom
Capital: London
Language: English
Historic global power, home to monarchy and modern democracy.
Vatican City
Capital: Vatican City
Language: Italian, Latin
Spiritual centre of the Roman Catholic Church.
