[ Roll No.'..

1
National Institute of tfeclinoCogy, (DeUii
Name of the Examination: [Link].
End-Semester Examination (Autumn, 2022)
Branch : ECE Semester :vth
Title of the Course : Satellite Communication Course Code : ECl 358
Time: 3 Hour Maximum Marks: 50
Note: All questions are compulsory

Q.1. (a) Using block diagram differentiate between solar transit and solar eclipse') Steps out the launching
process of the satellite to the right orbit. (5 Marks)
(b) Explain Reliability and space qualification of the satellite and what would happen if the Reliability
decrease exponentially with time also tells us the significance of mean time between failures (MTBF).
Briefly explain about the redundancy. (5 Marks)

Q.2. (a) An earth station situated in the Docklands of London. England. needs to calculate the look angle to a
geostationary satellite in the Indian Ocean operated by Intelsat. The details of the earth station site and the
satellite are as follows:
Earth station latitude and longitude are 52.0eN and (F. respectively.
Satellite longitude (i.e .. the subsatellite point) is 66.0" E. Also. define the visible test.
Find the central angle. elevation angle. intermediate angle and azimuth angle (4 Marks)
(b) GSAT-12 satellite is placed in the geostationary orbit at 83"[. An earth station IS situated at a
longitude of 77.2°E and latitude of 28.6°1\:. Find the central angle for this earth station. (1 Mark)

Q.3. A particular shuttle mission released a TDRSS satellite into a circular low orbit. with an orbital height of
270 krn. The shuttle orbit was inclined to the earth's equator by approximately 28°. The TDRSS satellite
needed to be placed into a geostationary transfer orbit (GTO) once released from the shuttle cargo bay.
with the apogee of the GTO at geostationary altitude and the perigee at the height of the shuttle's orbit.
(i) What was the eccentricity of the GTO? (ii) What was the period of the GTO?
(iii) What was the difference in velocity of the satellite in GTO between when it was at apogee and when

it was at perigee? (5 Marks)

Note: assume the average radius of the earth IS 6.378.137 krn and Kepler's constant has the value
3.986004418 )(105 krn'/s2.
Q.4. (a) Write short note on following terms: Any 3 only (3x2)=(6 Marks)
(i) TDMA (ii) FDMA (iii) CDMA (iv) VSAT (v) Satellite Navigation
(b) Draw the block diagram of double conversion (Superhetrodyne) station receiver. Also. Point out the
design procedure of satellite communication link (4 Marks)

Q.5. (a) Finding the CRC code given data word x" -;-x7 - x' . 1 and pattern x' ...x + I.. (6 Marks)
What is the actual bit string transmitted? Suppose the third bit from the MSB is inverted during
transmission. How will receiver detect this error?
(b) Consider the data unit to be transmitted is-OOI00 II 00 I I I 1000 I 000 I00 I 00 I 0000 I 00 consider 8 bit
checksum is used. (2 Marks)

(c) Consider the data unit to be transmitted is 1001000 I and even parity is used. (2 Marks)

Q.6. (a) A satellite at a distance of 40,000 km from a point on the earth's surface radiates a power of lOW
from an antenna with a gain of 17 dB in the direction of the observer. Find the flux density at the
receiving point, and the power received by an earth station antenna at this point with an effective area of
10m2. (3 Marks)

(b) Suppose we have a 4GHz receiver with the gains and noise temperatures are T", =25K, TRI=50K.
Trn=500K. TIF= [Link]=23 dB (ratio 2(0) Gil 30 dB (ratio 1000). Calculate the system noise
temperature assuming that the mixer has a gain Gin = OdB. Recalculate the system noise temperature
when the mixer has a 10 dB loss. How can the noise temperature of the receiver be minimized when the
mixer has a loss of 10 dB? (2 Marks)

(c) A C-band earth station has an antenna with a transmit gain of 54 dB. The transmitter output power is
set to 100 W at a frequency of 6.100 GHz. The signal is received by a satellite at a distance of 37.500 kill
by an antenna with a gain of 26 dB. The signal is then routed to a transponder with a noise temperature of
500 K, a bandwidth of 36 MHz. and a gain of I 10 dB. (5 Marks)

i. Calculate the path loss at 6.1 GHz. Wavelength is 0.04918 m.