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1. Introduction to C++
C++ is a powerful general-purpose programming language created by
Bjarne Stroustrup in 1979. It is an extension of the C programming
language with added features such as classes, inheritance,
polymorphism, and templates, making it a multiparadigm language.
C++ is widely used for system/software development, game
development, real-time simulation, and performance-critical
applications.

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Before writing C++ code, you need to install a compiler. Popular options include:
GCC (GNU Compiler Collection) — commonly used on Linux and macOS
Microsoft Visual C++ — included in Visual Studio on Windows
Clang — a modern compiler for macOS and Linux
You can write C++ code in any text editor (like VS Code, Sublime Text) or IDE (like Visual Studio, Code::Blocks, CLion).
 DATA TYPE AND VARIABLES

DATA TYPES VARIABLES int — integer numbers (e.g., 1, -3)

Basic Data Types: float — floating-point numbers (e.g., 3.14)
int — integer numbers (e.g., 1, -3) int — integer numbers (e.g., 1, -3)
float — floating-point numbers (e.g., float — floating-point numbers (e.g., double — double precision floating-point
3.14) 3.14) char — a single character (e.g., 'A')
double — double precision floating-point double — double precision floating-point
char — a single character (e.g., 'A') char — a single character (e.g., 'A') bool — boolean values (true or false)
bool — boolean values (true or false) bool — boolean values (true or false)
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Key Features:

Proficiency In a Logical Thinking

Programming and Problem-
Language Solving Abilities
Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) support
Low-level memory manipulation capabilities
Extensive Standard Template Library (STL)
Cross-platform support
Ability To A Growth
Collaborate In Mindset For
Team Lifelong
Environments Learning
Every C++ program consists of functions and declarations. The entry point is the main() function.
cpp
CopyEdit
#include <iostream> // preprocessor directive for input-output libraryint main() {
std::cout << "Hello, World!" << std::endl; // output statementreturn 0; // exit status
}
Conditionals: Loops:
for loop: repeated execution a known number of times
while loop: repeated execution while condition is true
if (age >= 18) { do-while loop: executes at least once
Example:
std::cout << "Adult" << std::endl;
} else {
std::cout << "Minor" << std::endl; for (int i = 0; i < 5; ++i) {
std::cout << i << " ";
}
}
Every C++ program consists of functions and declarations. The entry point is the main() function.

#include <iostream> // preprocessor directive for input-output library

int main() {
std::cout << "Hello, World!" << std::endl; // output statement
return 0; // exit status
}

Explanation:
#include <iostream> imports the standard I/O library.
int main() defines the main function returning an integer.
std::cout outputs text to the console.
return 0; indicates successful program termination.
V
Classes and Objects

class Car {
public:
std::string brand;
int year;
void honk() {
std::cout << "Beep beep!";
}
};

int main() {
Car myCar;
myCar.brand = "Toyota";
myCar.year = 2020;
myCar.honk();
}
 class Vehicle {
public:
void start() { std::cout << "Vehicle started"; }
};

class Car : public Vehicle {

public:
void honk() { std::cout << "Beep!"; }
};
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 Containers: vector, list, map, set,
queue, stack

Algorithms: sort, find,

Introduction reverse, count

The Standard Template Library (STL) is a powerful set of

C++ template classes and functions that provide commonly
used data structures and algorithms. It is part of the C++
Standard Library and helps programmers write efficient and Iterators: to traverse
containers
reusable code without having to implement fundamental
data structures and algorithms from scratch.