NetLink III 5.

x GHz
Release 3.1

System Manual

S/W Version 3.1

June 2005
System Description
 Legal Rights

Legal Rights
© Copyright 2005 Nera Networks AS All rights reserved.
The material contained herein is proprietary, privileged, and confidential and
owned by Nera Networks or its third party licensors. No disclosure thereof shall
be made to third parties without the express written permission of Nera Networks
AS

Nera Networks AS reserves the right to alter the equipment specifications and
descriptions in this publication without prior notice. No part of this publication
shall be deemed to be part of any contract or warranty unless specifically
incorporated by reference into such contract or warranty.

Statement of Conditions
The information contained in this manual is subject to change without notice.
Nera Networks AS shall not be liable for errors contained herein or for incidental
or consequential damages in connection with the furnishing, performance, or use
of this manual or equipment supplied with it.

Warranties and Disclaimers

All Nera Networks AS (“Nera Networks”) products purchased from Nera Networks
or through any of Nera Networks’s authorized resellers are subject to the
following warranty and product liability terms and conditions.

Exclusive Warranty
(a) Nera Networks warrants that the Product hardware it supplies and the
tangible media on which any software is installed, under normal use and
conditions, will be free from significant defects in materials and workmanship for
a period of fourteen (14) months from the date of shipment of a given Product to
Purchaser (the “Warranty Period”). Nera Networks will, at its sole option and as
Purchaser’s sole remedy, repair or replace any defective Product in accordance
with Nera Networks’ standard R&R procedure.

(b) With respect to the Firmware, Nera Networks warrants the correct
functionality according to the attached documentation, for a period of fourteen
(14) month from invoice date (the "Warranty Period")". During the Warranty
Period, Nera Networks may release to its Customers firmware updates, which
include additional performance improvements and/or bug fixes, upon availability
(the “Warranty”). Bug fixes, temporary patches and/or workarounds may be
supplied as Firmware updates.

Additional hardware, if required, to install or use Firmware updates must be

purchased by the Customer. Nera Networks will be obligated to support solely the
two (2) most recent Software major releases.

NetLink III System Manual iii

Legal Rights

NERA NETWORKS SHALL NOT BE LIABLE UNDER THIS WARRANTY IF ITS

TESTING AND EXAMINATION DISCLOSE THAT THE ALLEGED DEFECT IN THE
PRODUCT DOES NOT EXIST OR WAS CAUSED BY PURCHASER’S OR ANY
THIRD PERSON'S MISUSE, NEGLIGENCE, IMPROPER INSTALLATION OR
IMPROPER TESTING, UNAUTHORIZED ATTEMPTS TO REPAIR, OR ANY OTHER
CAUSE BEYOND THE RANGE OF THE INTENDED USE, OR BY ACCIDENT,
FIRE, LIGHTNING OR OTHER HAZARD.

Disclaimer

(a) The Software is sold on an "AS IS" basis. Nera Networks, its affiliates or its
licensors MAKE NO WARRANTIES, WHATSOEVER, WHETHER EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED, WITH RESPECT TO THE SOFTWARE AND THE ACCOMPANYING
DOCUMENTATION. NERA NETWORKS SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS ALL IMPLIED
WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
PURPOSE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT WITH RESPECT TO THE SOFTWARE. UNITS
OF PRODUCT (INCLUDING ALL THE SOFTWARE) DELIVERED TO PURCHASER
HEREUNDER ARE NOT FAULT•TOLERANT AND ARE NOT DESIGNED,
MANUFACTURED OR INTENDED FOR USE OR RESALE IN APPLICATIONS WHERE
THE FAILURE, MALFUNCTION OR INACCURACY OF PRODUCTS CARRIES A RISK
OF DEATH OR BODILY INJURY OR SEVERE PHYSICAL OR ENVIRONMENTAL
DAMAGE (“HIGH RISK ACTIVITIES”). HIGH RISK ACTIVITIES MAY INCLUDE, BUT
ARE NOT LIMITED TO, USE AS PART OF ON•LINE CONTROL SYSTEMS IN
HAZARDOUS ENVIRONMENTS REQUIRING FAIL•SAFE PERFORMANCE, SUCH AS
IN THE OPERATION OF NUCLEAR FACILITIES, AIRCRAFT NAVIGATION OR
COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS, AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL, LIFE SUPPORT MACHINES,
WEAPONS SYSTEMS OR OTHER APPLICATIONS REPRESENTING A SIMILAR
DEGREE OF POTENTIAL HAZARD. NERA NETWORKS SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS
ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTY OF FITNESS FOR HIGH RISK ACTIVITIES.

(b) PURCHASER’S SOLE REMEDY FOR BREACH OF THE EXPRESS WARRANTIES

ABOVE SHALL BE REPLACEMENT OR REFUND OF THE PURCHASE PRICE AS
SPECIFIED ABOVE, AT NERA NETWORKS’S OPTION. TO THE FULLEST EXTENT
ALLOWED BY LAW, THE WARRANTIES AND REMEDIES SET FORTH IN THIS
AGREEMENT ARE EXCLUSIVE AND IN LIEU OF ALL OTHER WARRANTIES OR
CONDITIONS, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, EITHER IN FACT OR BY OPERATION OF
LAW, STATUTORY OR OTHERWISE, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO
WARRANTIES, TERMS OR CONDITIONS OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A
PARTICULAR PURPOSE, SATISFACTORY QUALITY, CORRESPONDENCE WITH
DESCRIPTION, NON•INFRINGEMENT, AND ACCURACY OF INFORMATION
GENERATED. ALL OF WHICH ARE EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMED. NERA NETWORKS’
WARRANTIES HEREIN RUN ONLY TO PURCHASER, AND ARE NOT EXTENDED TO
ANY THIRD PARTIES. NERA NETWORKS NEITHER ASSUMES NOR AUTHORIZES
ANY OTHER PERSON TO ASSUME FOR IT ANY OTHER LIABILITY IN CONNECTION
WITH THE SALE, INSTALLATION, MAINTENANCE OR USE OF ITS PRODUCTS.

iv NetLink III System Manual

 Legal Rights

Limitation of Liability
(a) NERA NETWORKS SHALL NOT BE LIABLE TO THE PURCHASER OR TO ANY
THIRD PARTY, FOR ANY LOSS OF PROFITS, LOSS OF USE, INTERRUPTION OF
BUSINESS OR FOR ANY INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, PUNITIVE OR
CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OF ANY KIND, WHETHER ARISING UNDER
BREACH OF CONTRACT, TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE), STRICT LIABILITY
OR OTHERWISE AND WHETHER BASED ON THIS AGREEMENT OR
OTHERWISE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.

(b) TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, IN NO EVENT SHALL

THE LIABILITY FOR DAMAGES HEREUNDER OF NERA NETWORKS OR ITS
EMPLOYEES OR AGENTS EXCEED THE PURCHASE PRICE PAID FOR THE
PRODUCT BY PURCHASER, NOR SHALL THE AGGREGATE LIABILITY FOR
DAMAGES TO ALL PARTIES REGARDING ANY PRODUCT EXCEED THE
PURCHASE PRICE PAID FOR THAT PRODUCT BY THAT PARTY (EXCEPT IN THE
CASE OF A BREACH OF A PARTY’S CONFIDENTIALITY OBLIGATIONS).

Electronic Emission Notices

This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC rules.

Operation is subject to the following two conditions:

1 This device may not cause harmful interference.

2 This device must accept any interference received, including interference that
may cause undesired operation.

FCC Radio Frequency Interference Statement

The Subscriber Unit equipment has been tested and found to comply with the
limits for a class B digital device, pursuant to part 15 of the FCC rules and to
ETSI EN 301 489-1 rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable
protection against harmful interference when the equipment is operated in a
residential environment notwithstanding use in commercial, business and
industrial environments. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio
frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the
instruction manual, may cause harmful interference to radio communications.

The Base Station equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits
for a class A digital device, pursuant to part 15 of the FCC rules and to EN 301
489-1 rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against
harmful interference when the equipment is operated in commercial, business
and industrial environments. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate
radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the
instruction manual, may cause harmful interference to radio communications.
Operation of this equipment in a residential area is likely to cause harmful

NetLink III System Manual v

Legal Rights

interference in which case the user will be required to correct the interference at
the user’s own expense.

FCC Radiation Hazard Warning

To comply with FCC RF exposure requirement, the antenna used for this
transmitter must be fixed-mounted on outdoor permanent structures with a
separation distance of at least 2 meter from al persons for antennas with a gain
up to 28 dBi and 2.6 meter for a 31.2 dBi dish antenna, and must not be co-
located or operating in conjunction with any other antenna or transmitter.

R&TTE Compliance Statement

This equipment complies with the appropriate essential requirements of Article 3
of the R&TTE Directive 1999/5/EC.

Safety Considerations
For the following safety considerations, “Instrument” means the NetLink III units’
components and their cables.

Caution
To avoid electrical shock, do not perform any servicing unless you are qualified to
do so.

Line Voltage
Before connecting this instrument to the power line, make sure that the voltage of
the power source matches the requirements of the instrument.

Radio
The instrument transmits radio energy during normal operation. To avoid
possible harmful exposure to this energy, do not stand or work for extended
periods of time in front of its antenna. The long-term characteristics or the
possible physiological effects of Radio Frequency Electromagnetic fields have not
been yet fully investigated.

vi NetLink III System Manual

 Legal Rights

Outdoor Unit and Antenna Installation and Grounding

Ensure that outdoor units, antennas and supporting structures are properly
installed to eliminate any physical hazard to either people or property. Make sure
that the installation of the outdoor unit, antenna and cables is performed in
accordance with all relevant national and local building and safety codes. Even
where grounding is not mandatory according to applicable regulation and
national codes, it is highly recommended to ensure that the outdoor unit and the
antenna mast (when using external antenna) are grounded and suitable lightning
protection devices are used so as to provide protection against voltage surges and
static charges. In any event, Nera Networks is not liable for any injury, damage or
regulation violations associated with or caused by installation, grounding or
lightning protection.

NetLink III System Manual vii

Important Notice

Important Notice
This user manual is delivered subject to the following conditions and restrictions:

! This manual contains proprietary information belonging to Nera Networks AS

Such information is supplied solely for the purpose of assisting properly
authorized users of the respective Nera Networks products.

! No part of its contents may be used for any other purpose, disclosed to any
person or firm or reproduced by any means, electronic and mechanical,
without the express prior written permission of Nera Networks AS

! The text and graphics are for the purpose of illustration and reference only.
The specifications on which they are based are subject to change without
notice.

! The software described in this document is furnished under a license. The

software may be used or copied only in accordance with the terms of that
license.

! Information in this document is subject to change without notice.

! Corporate and individual names and data used in examples herein are
fictitious unless otherwise noted.

! Nera Networks AS reserves the right to alter the equipment specifications and
descriptions in this publication without prior notice. No part of this
publication shall be deemed to be part of any contract or warranty unless
specifically incorporated by reference into such contract or warranty.

! The information contained herein is merely descriptive in nature, and does

not constitute an offer for the sale of the product described herein.

! Any changes or modifications of equipment, including opening of the

equipment not expressly approved by Nera Networks AS will void equipment
warranty and any repair thereafter shall be charged for. It could also void the
user’s authority to operate the equipment.

Some of the equipment provided by Nera Networks and specified in this manual,
is manufactured and warranted by third parties. All such equipment must be
installed and handled in full compliance with the instructions provided by such
manufacturers as attached to this manual or provided thereafter by Nera
Networks or the manufacturers. Non compliance with such instructions may
result in serious damage and/or bodily harm and/or void the user’s authority to

viii NetLink III System Manual

 Important Notice

operate the equipment and/or revoke the warranty provided by such

manufacturer.

NetLink III System Manual ix

 About This Manual

This manual describes the NetLink III Broadband Wireless Access System Release
3.1 and how to install, operate and manage the system components.

This manual is intended for technicians responsible for installing, setting up and
operating the NetLink III system, and for system administrators responsible for
managing the system.

This manual contains the following chapters and appendices:

! Chapter 1 – System description: Describes the NetLink III system and its
components.

! Chapter 2 – Installation: Describes how to install the system components.

! Chapter 3 – Commissioning: Describes how to configure basic parameters,

align the Subscriber Unit antenna and validate unit operation.

! Chapter 4 – Operation and Administration: Describes how to use the NetLink

III Monitor application for configuring parameters, checking system status
and monitoring performance.

! Appendix A – Software Version Loading Using TFTP: Describes how to load a

new software version using TFTP.

! Appendix B – File Download and Upload Using TFTP: Describes how to

download and upload configuration files using TFTP. This procedure is also
applicable for uploading country code and feature license files.

! Appendix C – Using the Restore Link Parameters Utility: Describes how to

use the special Restore Link Parameters utility to enable management access
to units where wrong or unknown configuration disables regular access to the
unit for management purposes.

! Appendix D – Preparing the indoor to outdoor cable: Provides details on

preparation of the indoor to outdoor Ethernet cable.

! Appendix E – Supported MIBs and Traps: Provides a brief description of the

parameters contained in the private MIB agent incorporated into the NetLink
About This Manual

III devices. In addition, a description of all traps relevant to the NetLink III
devices is provided.

! Appendix F – Parameters Summary: Provides an at a glance summary of the

configuration parameters, value ranges and default values.

! Appendix G – Using the Feature License Web application: Describes how to

use the Feature License web application for getting License Keys.

! Appendix H – Troubleshooting.

xii NetLink III System Manual

 Contents

Chapter 1 - System Description ................................................................1

1.1 Introducing NetLink III.................................................................................................2

1.2 Base Station Equipment .............................................................................................4

1.2.1 Modular Base Station Equipment .......................................................................4

1.2.2 Standalone “Micro-cell” Access Unit ...................................................................5

1.3 Subscriber Unit ...........................................................................................................7

1.3.1 The SU-E-BS......................................................................................................8

1.4 Networking Equipment ...............................................................................................9

1.5 Management Systems...............................................................................................10

1.5.1 NetLink III Config..............................................................................................10

1.5.2 Network Management - NEW-NMS ..................................................................10

1.6 Specifications............................................................................................................11

1.6.1 Radio................................................................................................................11

1.6.2 Data Communication ........................................................................................13

1.6.3 Configuration and Management .......................................................................14

1.6.4 Standards Compliance, General.......................................................................15

1.6.5 Physical and Electrical......................................................................................16

Chapter 2 - Installation ...........................................................................23

2.1 Installation Requirements.........................................................................................24

2.1.1 Packing List......................................................................................................24

2.1.2 Indoor-to-Outdoor Cables.................................................................................26

Contents

2.2 Equipment Positioning Guidelines.......................................................................... 28

2.3 Installing the Outdoor Unit....................................................................................... 29

2.3.1 Pole Mounting the Outdoor Unit....................................................................... 29

2.3.2 Connecting the Ground and Antenna Cables................................................... 31

2.3.3 Connecting the Indoor-to-Outdoor Cable ......................................................... 32

2.4 Installing the Universal IDU Indoor Unit.................................................................. 34

2.4.1 RESET Button Functionality ............................................................................ 35

2.5 Installing the Modular Base Station Equipment ..................................................... 36

2.5.1 BS-SH-VL Slot Assignment ............................................................................. 36

2.5.2 BS-PS- AC-VL Power Supply Module.............................................................. 37

2.5.3 BS-PS-DC-VL Power Supply Module............................................................... 38

2.5.4 BS-AU Network Interface Module .................................................................... 39

2.5.5 Installing the BS-SH-VL Chassis and Modules ................................................ 40

Chapter 3 - Commissioning..................................................................... 43

3.1 Configuring Basic Parameters ................................................................................ 44

3.2 Aligning the Subscriber Unit Antenna .................................................................... 47

3.3 Configuring the Subscriber Unit’s Maximum Modulation Level............................ 48

3.4 Operation Verification .............................................................................................. 50

3.4.1 Outdoor Unit Verification.................................................................................. 50

3.4.2 Indoor Unit Verification .................................................................................... 53

3.4.3 Verifying the Ethernet Connection (Modular Base station) ............................... 54

3.4.4 Verifying the Indoor-to-Outdoor Connection (Modular Base Station)................ 55

3.4.5 Verifying Data Connectivity.............................................................................. 55

Chapter 4 - Operation and Administration ............................................. 57

4.1 Working with the Monitor Program ......................................................................... 58

4.1.1 Accessing the Monitor Program Using Telnet .................................................. 58

xiv NetLink III System Manual

 Contents

4.1.2 Common Operations ........................................................................................59

4.2 Menus and Parameters .............................................................................................61

4.2.1 Main Menu .......................................................................................................61

4.2.2 Info Screens Menu ...........................................................................................61

4.2.3 Unit Control Menu ............................................................................................66

4.2.4 Basic Configuration Menu ................................................................................79

4.2.5 Site Survey Menu .............................................................................................81

4.2.6 Advanced Configuration Menu .........................................................................95

Appendix A - Network Management - NEW-NMS..................................155

A.1 NEW-NMS.................................................................................................................155

A.2 Key Features............................................................................................................156

A.3 NetLink SNMP Agent Configuration.......................................................................157

A.4 Managing NetLink units with NEW-NMS................................................................157

A.5 Connecting NetLink units to NEW-NMS.................................................................157

A.5.1 DHCP Client ..................................................................................................158

A.5.2 Manual add ...................................................................................................158

A.5.3 Automatic discover ......................................................................................161

A.6 Accessing NetLink Subscriber Units .....................................................................162

A.7 Event management of NetLink units in NEW-NMS ...............................................163

A.8 Configuration of NetLink units ...............................................................................163

Appendix B - Software Version Loading Using TFTP...........................165

Appendix C - File Download and Upload Using TFTP ..........................169

Appendix D - Using the Set Factory Defaults Utility............................173

Appendix E - Preparing the Indoor to Outdoor SU Cable .....................175

NetLink III System Manual xv

Contents

Appendix F - Parameters Summary ...................................................... 179

F.1 Parameters Summary............................................................................................. 180

Appendix G - Using the Feature License Web Application.................. 191

G.1 The Feature License Web Application .................................................................. 192

Appendix H - Troubleshooting .............................................................. 197

H.1 Troubleshooting ..................................................................................................... 198

xvi NetLink III System Manual

 Figures

Figure 2-1: 3" Pole Installation Using Special Brackets ..............................................................................30

Figure 2-2: Bottom Panel of thce Outdoor Unit (without the seal assembly) ..............................................31

Figure 2-3: The Waterproof Seal .................................................................................................................32

Figure 2-4: IDU PS 1036 Front Panel..........................................................................................................34

Figure 2-5: IDU PS 1073 Front Panel..........................................................................................................34

Figure 2-6: BS-SH-VL Chassis Slot Assignments.......................................................................................36

Figure 2-7: BS-PS-AC-VL Front Panel ........................................................................................................37

Figure 2-8: BS-PS-DC-VL Front Panel........................................................................................................38

Figure 2-9: BS-AU Front Panel....................................................................................................................39

Figure 4-1: Main Menu (Administrator Level) ..............................................................................................59

Figure D-1: Ethernet Connector Pin Assignments ....................................................................................176

 Tables

Table 1-1: Frequency Bands .........................................................................................................................2

Table 1-2: AU Detached Antennas................................................................................................................5

Table 1-3: Subscriber Unit ODU Types .........................................................................................................7

Table 1-4: Subscriber Unit Types ..................................................................................................................7

Table 1-5: Radio Specifications...................................................................................................................11

Table 1-6: Data Communication..................................................................................................................13

Table 1-7: Configuration and Management.................................................................................................14

Table 1-8: Standards Compliance, General ................................................................................................15

Table 1-9: Mechanical Specifications, Subscriber Unit ...............................................................................16

Table 1-10: Connectors, Subscriber Unit ....................................................................................................16

Table 1-11: Electrical Specifications, Subscriber Unit.................................................................................17

Table 1-12: Mechanical Specifications, Modular Base Station Equipment .................................................18

Table 1-13: Connectors, Modular Base Station Equipment ........................................................................19

Table 1-14: Electrical Specifications, Modular Base Station Equipment.....................................................19

Table 1-15: Mechanical Specifications, Stand Alone Access Unit ..............................................................20

Table 1-16: Connectors, Stand Alone Access Unit .....................................................................................21

Table 1-17: Electrical Specifications, Stand Alone Access Unit..................................................................21

Table 1-18: Environmental Specifications ...................................................................................................22

Table 2-1: Approved Category 5E Cables...................................................................................................27

Table 2-2: BS-PS LED Functionality ...........................................................................................................37

Table 3-1: Basic Parameters .......................................................................................................................44

Table 3-2: Recommended Maximum Modulation Level*.............................................................................49

Table 3-3: AU-ODU LEDs ...........................................................................................................................50

Table 3-4: SU-ODU LEDs ...........................................................................................................................51

Tables

Table 3-5: SU-ODU SNR Bar LED Functionality ........................................................................................ 52

Table 3-6: BS-AU LEDs .............................................................................................................................. 53

Table 3-7: PS1036 SU IDU / AU-SA IDU LEDs.......................................................................................... 54

Table 3-8: PS1073 SU IDU / AU-SA IDU LEDs.......................................................................................... 54

Table 4-1: Default Passwords ..................................................................................................................... 58

Table 4-2: Parameters not reset after Set Complete Factory/Operator Defaults ....................................... 68

Table 4-3: Parameters that are not reset after Set Partial Factory/Operator Defaults ............................... 69

Table 4-4: Authentication and Association Process.................................................................................... 89

Table 4-5: VLAN Management Port Functionality..................................................................................... 124

Table 4-6: VLAN Data Port Functionality - Access Link ........................................................................... 124

Table 4-7: VLAN Data Port Functionality - Trunk Link .............................................................................. 126

Table 4-8: VLAN Data Port Functionality - Hybrid Link............................................................................. 126

Table 4-9: Recommended Maximum Modulation Level* .......................................................................... 138

Table 4-10: MIR and CIR Ranges and Defaults ....................................................................................... 145

xx NetLink III System Manual

Chapter 1 - System Description

In This Chapter:

! Introducing NetLink III, page 2

! Base Station Equipment, page 4

! Subscriber Unit, page 7

! Networking Equipment, page 9

! Management Systems, page 10

! Network Management - NEW-NMS

The NetLink Access Units (AUs) can be managed by the NEW-NMS network
management platform. SNMP based configuration and event management of
NetLink units is available through NEW-NMS. Events are based upon unsolicited
SNMP trap messages sent from AUs that are managed by NEW-NMS, and
Subscriber Units (SUs) that are associated to these AUs.

Please see Appendix A for a more detailed description of NEW-NMS

! Specifications, page 10
Chapter 1 - System Description

1.1 Introducing NetLink III

NetLink III is a high capacity, IP services oriented Broadband Wireless Access

system. The system employs wireless packet switched data technology to support
high-speed IP services including fast Internet and Virtual Private Networks.
NetLink III users are provided with a network connection that is always on,
supporting immediate access to the Internet and other IP services at high data
rates. The system is designed for cellular-like deployment, enabling the system
architecture to vary in size and structure. A system can include any number of
cells, each containing several Access Units for better coverage of densely
populated areas.

The system supports Virtual LANs based on IEEE 802.1Q, enabling secure
operation and Virtual Private Network (VPN) services and enabling tele-workers or
remote offices to conveniently access their enterprise network. The system
supports layer-2 traffic prioritization based on IEEE 802.1p and layer-3 traffic
prioritization based on either IP ToS Precedence (RFC791) or DSCP (RFC2474). It
also supports traffic prioritization based on UDP and/or TCP port ranges.

NetLink III products operate in unlicensed frequency bands in Time Division

Duplex (TDD) mode, using Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM)
modulation with Forward Error Correction (FEC) coding. Using the enhanced
multi-path resistance capabilities of OFDM modem technology, NetLink III
enables operation in near and non-line-of-sight (NLOS) environments. These
qualities enable service providers to reach a previously inaccessible and broader
segment of the subscriber population.

NetLink III is designed to enable construction of “mixed” cells, where it can be

used together with NetLink I products.

NetLink III products are currently available in the following frequency bands:

Table 1-1: Frequency Bands

Band Frequencies (GHz)

4.9 4.900 – 5.000, 5.030 – 5.091

5.2 5.150 – 5.350

5.3 5.250 – 5.350

5.4 5.470 – 5.725

5.8 5.725 – 5.850

2 NetLink III System Manual

 Introducing NetLink III

The available frequencies, as well as other parameters, depend on applicable local

regulations. The actual operating frequencies used by the system can be
configured according to applicable radio regulations and specific deployment
considerations.

A NetLink III system comprise the following:

! Customer Premise Equipment (CPE): NetLink III Subscriber Units (SUs).

! Base Station Equipment (BS): NetLink III Access Units and supporting
equipment.

! Networking Equipment: Standard Switches/Routers supporting connections

to the backbone and/or Internet.

! Management Systems: SNMP-based Management, Billing and Customer

Care, and other Operation Support Systems.

NetLink III System Manual 3

Chapter 1 - System Description

1.2 Base Station Equipment

The Access Units, installed at the Base Station site, provide all the functionality
necessary to communicate with the Subscriber Units and to connect to the
backbone of the Service Provider.

There are 2 lines of Access Units with different architectures:

! Modular Base Station Equipment

! Standalone “Micro-Cell” Access Unit

1.2.1 Modular Base Station Equipment

The Base Station Equipment is based on the BS-SH-VL 3U chassis, which is
suitable for installation in 19-inch racks. The chassis contains one or two Power
Supply modules and has 8 slots that can accommodate BS-AU-VL Network
Interface modules. These slots can also
accommodate various combinations of
other modules, including Network
Interface (BS-AU) modules for Access
Units operating in any of the bands
supported by NetLink I equipment using
GFSK modulation. It can also accommodate a BS-GU GPS and Alarms module to
support GPS-based synchronization of NetLink systems using Frequency Hopping
radios.

Two different types of power supply modules are available for the NetLink III
modules: The BS-PS-DC-VL that is powered from a -48 VDC power source, and
the BS-PS-AC-VL, powered from the 110/220 VAC mains. The optional use of two
power supply modules ensures fail-safe operation through power supply
redundancy. When the same chassis is used also for Access Unit modules
belonging to the NetLink I family, then one BS-PS-VL power supply (AC or DC)
should be used to provide power to the NetLink III Access Units, and a different
power supply module, suitable for NetLink I, is required for powering the NetLink
I Access Units.

Each BS-AU module, together with its outdoor AU-D/E-BS-ODU radio unit and
an antenna comprise an AU-D/E-BS Access Unit that serves a single sector.
There are two types of Access Units, differing in the maximum number of
Subscriber Units that they can serve:

! The AU-BS Access Unit can serve up to 512 Subscriber Units (124 when Data
Encryption is used).

4 NetLink III System Manual

 Base Station Equipment

! The AUS-BS Access Unit can serve up to 5 SU-3 and/or SU-6 Subscriber
Units.

NOTE
For convenience, all references to AU-BS are applicable also for AUS-BS, unless explicitly stated
otherwise.

The AU-D/E-BS-ODU outdoor unit contains the processing and

radio modules and connects to an external antenna using a short
RF cable.

E model units are supplied without an antenna.

D model units are supplied with a detached antenna, where the

available antennas are listed in Table 1-2:

Table 1-2: AU Detached Antennas

Antenna Band (GHz) Horizontal Beam Width Gain (dBi)

AU-Ant-5G-16-60 5.150-5.875 60° 16

AU-Ant-5G-17-90 5.150-5.875 90° 17

AU-Ant-5G-15-120 5.150-5.875 120° 15

AU-Ant-4.9G-15-120 4.900-5.100 120° 15

AU-Ant-4.9G-9-Omni 4.900-5.100 360° 9

AU-Ant-5.8G-8-Omni 5.725-5.875 360° 8

AU-Ant 5.8G-14-120-UK 5.725-5.850 120° 14

(The antenna pattern
complies with Ofcom’s
IR 2007 EIRP profiles)

The BS-AU indoor module connects to the network through a standard IEEE
802.3 Ethernet 10/100BaseT (RJ 45) interface. The indoor module is connected
to the outdoor unit via a Category 5E Ethernet cable. This cable carries Ethernet
traffic between the indoor module and the outdoor unit, and also transfers power
(54 VDC) and control from the indoor module to the outdoor unit.

1.2.2 Standalone “Micro-cell” Access Unit

The standalone AU-D/E-SA Access Unit is very similar to the AU-D/E-BS unit.
The AU-D/E-SA-ODU outdoor unit is very similar to the
AU-D/E-BS-ODU outdoor unit (identical functionality, but the

NetLink III System Manual 5

Chapter 1 - System Description

units are not interchangeable). The available antennas for D model units are the
same as those of the AU-D-BS Access Unit. The main difference is in the
structure of the indoor part; in the AU-D/E-SA Access Unit the indoor unit is a
standalone desktop or wall-mountable unit (the same Universal IDU that is also
used in the SU) rather than a 19” module.

The are two types of Standalone Access Units, differing in the maximum number
of Subscriber Units that they can serve:

! The AU-SA Access Unit can serve up to 512 Subscriber Units (124 when Data
Encryption is used).

! The AUS-SA Access Unit can serve up to 5 SU-3 and/or SU-6 Subscriber
Units.

NOTE
For convenience, all references to AU-SA are applicable also for AUS-SA, unless explicitly stated
otherwise.

The IDU connects to the network through a standard IEEE 802.3 Ethernet
10/100BaseT (RJ 45) interfaces and is powered from the 110/220 VAC mains.
The indoor unit is connected to the outdoor unit via a Category 5 Ethernet cable.
This cable carries Ethernet traffic between the indoor and the outdoor units, and
also transfers power (54 VDC) and control from the indoor unit to the outdoor
unit.

NOTE
The AU-D/E-SA-ODU and the AU-D/E-BS-ODU are not interchangeable:
The AU-D/E-SA-ODU cannot be used with the BS-AU; the AU-D/E-BS-ODU cannot be used with
the standalone IDU.

6 NetLink III System Manual

 Subscriber Unit

1.3 Subscriber Unit

The Subscriber Unit (SU) installed at the customer premises enables the
customer data connection to the Access Unit. The Subscriber Unit provides an
efficient platform for high speed Internet and Intranet
services. The use of packet switching technology provides
the user with a connection to the network that is always
on, enabling immediate access to services.

The Subscriber Unit comprise a desktop or wall-

mountable Indoor Unit (IDU) and an outdoor unit that
contains the processing and radio modules. Several ODU
types are available to support a wide range of requirements, as detailed in Table
1-3:

Table 1-3: Subscriber Unit ODU Types

SU Type Antenna Description

SU-A-ODU Vertically polarized high-gain flat antenna integrated on the front

panel

SU-A-H-ODU Horizontally polarized high-gain flat antenna integrated on the

front panel

SU-E-ODU A connection to an external antenna

For each ODU type, several models are available to support various end-users
needs and applications, as detailed in Table 1-4:

Table 1-4: Subscriber Unit Types

SU Type Description

SU-54-BD Supports a full LAN and a CPE gross rate of up to 54 Mbps

SU-6-1D Supports a single Ethernet device (one MAC address) and

a CPE gross rate of up to 6 Mbps

SU-6-BD Supports a full LAN and a CPE gross rate of up to 6 Mbps

SU-3-1D Supports a single Ethernet device (one MAC address) and

a CPE gross rate of up to 3 Mbps

NetLink III System Manual 7

Chapter 1 - System Description

The IDU provides the interface to the user’s equipment and is powered from the
110/220 VAC mains. The customer's data equipment is connected via a standard
IEEE 802.3 Ethernet 10/100BaseT (RJ 45) interface. The indoor unit is
connected to the outdoor unit via a Category 5 Ethernet cable. This cable carries
Ethernet traffic between the indoor and the outdoor units, and also transfers
power (54 VDC) and control from the indoor unit to the outdoor unit.

1.3.1 The SU-E-BS

The SU-E-BS is a special variant of a Subscriber Unit, where the indoor unit is
designed for installation in the Base Station chassis. The outdoor unit is an
SU-E-ODU, with a connection to an external antenna.

The SU-E-BS is intended primarily for backhauling or similar applications,

including applications where it is used in conjunction with a GFSK-based system.
The functionality of the LEDs of the module is the same as the LEDS of a regular
AU-IDU module (with one minor exception-the W-LNK LED indicates whether the
SU is associated with an AU).

8 NetLink III System Manual

 Networking Equipment

1.4 Networking Equipment

The Base Station equipment is connected to the backbone through standard data
communication and telecommunication equipment. The 10/100BaseT ports of
the AU modules can be connected directly to a multi-port router or to an Ethernet
switch connected to a router.

The point-to-point link from the Base Station to the backbone can be either wired
or wireless. Data to the Internet is routed to the backbone through standard
routers.

NetLink III System Manual 9

Chapter 1 - System Description

1.5 Management Systems

The end-to-end IP-based architecture of the system enables full management of

all components, from any point in the system. NetLink III components can be
managed using standard management tools through SNMP agents that
implement standard and proprietary MIBs for remote setting of operational modes
and parameters. The same SNMP management tools can also be used to manage
other system components including switches, routers and transmission
equipment. Security features incorporated in NetLink III units restrict access for
management purposes to specific IP addresses and/or directions, that is, from
the Ethernet and/or wireless link.

In addition, the Ethernet WAN can be used to connect to other Operation Support
Systems including servers, Customer Care systems and AAA (Authentication,
Authorization and Admission) tools.

1.5.1 NetLink III Config

The NetLink III Config utility is an SNMP-based application designed to manage
NetLink III system components and upgrade unit software versions. The system
administrator can use the NetLink III Config utility to control a large number of
units from a single location. In addition, NetLink III Config enables you to load an
updated configuration file to multiple units simultaneously, thus radically
reducing the time spent on unit configuration maintenance.

1.5.2 Network Management - NEW-NMS

The NetLink Access Units (AUs) can be managed by the NEW-NMS network
management platform. SNMP based configuration and event management of
NetLink units is available through NEW-NMS. Events are based upon unsolicited
SNMP trap messages sent from AUs that are managed by NEW-NMS, and
Subscriber Units (SUs) that are associated to these AUs.

Please see Appendix A for a more detailed description of NEW-NMS

10 NetLink III System Manual

 Specifications

1.6 Specifications

1.6.1 Radio

Table 1-5: Radio Specifications

Item Description
1
Frequency 4.9 GHz Family: 4.900 – 5.000, 5.030 – 5.091 GHz

5.2 GHz Family: 5.150 – 5.350 GHz

5.3 GHz Family: 5.250 – 5.350 GHz

5.4 GHz Family: 5.470 – 5.725 GHz

5.8 GHz Family: 5.725 – 5.850 GHz

Operation Mode Time Division Duplex (TDD)

1
Channel Bandwidth 20 MHz, 10 MHz (HW Revision C only)

Central Frequency Resolution 10 MHz @ 20 MHz Bandwidth,

5 MHz @ 10 MHz Bandwidth

Antenna Port N-Type, 50 ohm

(AU-D-BS/SA-ODU)

Max. Input Power HW Rev. A: -48 dBm typical

(at antenna port)
HW Rev. B, C: -30 dBm typical
2
Maximum Output Power 21 dBm

SU-A-ODU Integral Antenna 21 dBi in the 5.150-5.875 GHz band, 20 dBi in the 4.9-5.1 GHz
o o
band. 10.5 horizontal x 10.5 vertical,
vertical or horizontal polarization, compliant with EN 302 085
V1.1.1 Range 1, Class TS 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

NetLink III System Manual 11

Chapter 1 - System Description

Table 1-5: Radio Specifications

Item Description

AU-D Detached Antennas ! AU-Ant-5G-16-60: 16 dBi, 5.150-5.875 GHz,

o o
60 horizontal x 10 vertical sector antenna, vertical polarization,
compliant with EN 302 085 V1.1.2 CS3
! AU-Ant-5G-17-90: 17 dBi, 5.150-5.875 GHz,
o o
90 horizontal x 6 vertical sector antenna,
vertical polarization, compliant with EN 302 085 V1.1.2 CS3
! AU-Ant-5G-15-120: 15 dBi, 5.150-5.875 GHz,
o o
120 horizontal x 6 vertical sector antenna, vertical polarization,
compliant with EN 302 085 V1.1.2 CS3.
! AU-Ant-4.9G-15-120: 15 dBi, 4.900-5.100 GHz,
o o
124 horizontal x 6.5 vertical sector antenna, vertical
polarization, compliant with EN 302 085 V1.1.2 CS3.
! AU-Ant-4.9G-9-Omni: 9 dBi, 4.900-5.100 GHz,
o o
360 horizontal x 8 vertical, vertical polarization.
! AU-Ant-5.4G-8-Omni: 8 dBi, 5.150-5.725 GHz,
o o
360 horizontal x 4.5 vertical, vertical polarization.
! AU-Ant-5.8G-8-Omni: 8 dBi, 5.725-5.875 GHz,
o o
360 horizontal x 9 vertical, vertical polarization.
! AU-Ant-5.8G-14-120-UK: 14dBi, 5.725-5.850 GHz,
o o
120 horizontal x 6.5 vertical sector antenna, vertical
polarization. The antenna pattern complies with Ofcom’s IR
2007 EIRP profiles.

Sensitivity, typical (dBm at Modulation Sensitivity Sensitivity Min. SNR

4
antenna port, PER<10%, Level (HW Rev. A) (HW Rev. B/C)
3
20 MHz bandwidth )
1 -87 dBm -89 dBm 6 dB

2 -86 dBm -88 dBm 7 dB

3 -85 dBm -86 dBm 9 dB

4 -83 dBm -84 dBm 11 dB

5 -80 dBm -81 dBm 14 dB

6 -76 dBm -77 dBm 18 dB

7 -71 dBm -73 dBm 22 dB

5
8 -69 dBm -71 dBm 23 dB

Modulation OFDM modulation, 64 FFT points; BPSK, QPSK, QAM16, QAM64

12 NetLink III System Manual

 Specifications

1
The actual available frequency channels and bandwidth are defined by the selected Sub-Band, which reflects the
applicable regulatory constraints. For more details refer to section [Link]).
2
The actual maximum available output power for each modulation level is defined by the selected Sub-Band, which
reflects the applicable regulatory constraints. For some countries the power may also be limited by limitations on
the maximum EIRP (also included in the Sub-Band parameters) and the Antenna Gain parameter. For more details
refer to section [Link] and to section [Link].8.1. For information on specific HW and Country Code limitations, see
the Country Codes document.
3
The sensitivity values are for a bandwidth of 20 MHz. When using a 10 MHz bandwidth, the sensitivity for each
modulation level is 3 dB lower.
4
Modulation Level indicates the radio transmission rate and the modulation scheme. Modulation Level 1 is for the
lowest radio rate and modulation scheme.
5
Modulation Level 8 is supported only in units with HW Revision B and above.

1.6.2 Data Communication

Table 1-6: Data Communication

Item Description

Standard compliance IEEE 802.3 CSMA/CD

VLAN Support Based on IEEE 802.1Q

Layer-2 Traffic Prioritization Based on IEEE 802.1p

Layer-3 Traffic Prioritization IP Precedence ToS (RFC791)

DSCP (RFC2474)

Layer 4 Traffic Prioritization UDP/TCP destination ports

NetLink III System Manual 13

Chapter 1 - System Description

1.6.3 Configuration and Management

Table 1-7: Configuration and Management

Type Standard

Management ! Monitor program via Telnet

! SNMP
! Configuration upload/download

Management Access From Wired LAN, Wireless Link

Management access protection ! Multilevel password

! Configuration of remote access direction (from
Ethernet only, from wireless link only or from both)
! Configuration of IP addresses of authorized stations

Security ! Authentication messages encryption option

! Data encryption option
! Selection between WEP and AES 128-bit
encryption standards
! ESSID

SNMP Agents SNMP ver 1 client

MIB II, Bridge MIB, Private NetLink III MIB

Allocation of IP parameters Configurable or automatic (DHCP client)

Software upgrade ! FTP

! TFTP

Configuration upload/download ! FTP

! TFTP

14 NetLink III System Manual

 Specifications

1.6.4 Standards Compliance, General

Table 1-8: Standards Compliance, General

Type Standard

EMC ! FCC Part 15 class B

! ETSI EN 300 489-1

Safety ! UL 1950
! EN 60950

Environmental Operation ! ETS 300 019 part 2-3 class 3.2E

for indoor units
! ETS 300 019 part 2-4 class 4.1E
for outdoor units

Storage ETS 300 019-2-1 class 1.2E

Transportation ETS 300 019-2-2 class 2.3

Lightning protection EN 61000-4-5, Class 3 (2kV)

(AU-ODU Antenna
connection)

Radio ! FCC Part 15

! ETSI EN 301 753
! ETSI EN 301 021
! ETSI EN 301 893 (2003-04)

NetLink III System Manual 15

Chapter 1 - System Description

1.6.5 Physical and Electrical

[Link] Subscriber Unit

NOTE
The equipment may be shipped with either a PS1036 or a PS1073 IDU. The differences are
primarily in the mechanical structure. The basic functionality is very similar.

[Link].1 Mechanical

Table 1-9: Mechanical Specifications, Subscriber Unit

Unit Structure Dimensions (cm) Weight (kg)

General An IDU indoor unit and an SU-A-ODU

outdoor unit with an integral antenna

IDU PS1036 Plastic box (white), desktop or wall 16 x 9 x 6 0.55

mountable

IDU PS1073 Plastic box (black), desktop or wall 14 x 6.6 x 3.5 0.3
mountable

SU-A-ODU Metal box plus an integral antenna in 43.2 x 30.2 x 5.9 1.85
a cut diamond shape in a plastic
enclosure, poll or wall mountable

[Link].2 Connectors

Table 1-10: Connectors, Subscriber Unit

Unit Connector Description

IDU ETHERNET 10/100BaseT Ethernet (RJ-45)

Cable connection to a PC: crossed
Cable connection to a hub: straight

RADIO 10/100BaseT Ethernet (RJ-45)

2 embedded LEDs in PS1036

AC IN 3 pin AC power plug

SU-A-ODU INDOOR 10/100BaseT Ethernet (RJ-45), protected by a

waterproof sealing assembly

16 NetLink III System Manual

 Specifications

[Link].3 Electrical

Table 1-11: Electrical Specifications, Subscriber Unit

Unit Details

General Power consumption: 25W

IDU AC power input: 85-265 VAC, 50-60 Hz

SU-A-ODU 54 VDC from the IDU over the indoor-outdoor Ethernet cable

NetLink III System Manual 17

Chapter 1 - System Description

[Link] Modular Base Station Equipment

[Link].1 Mechanical

Table 1-12: Mechanical Specifications, Modular Base Station Equipment

Unit Structure Dimensions (cm) Weight (kg)

BS-SH-VL 19" rack (3U) or 13 x 48.2 x 25.6 4.76

desktop

BS-PS-DC-VL DC power supply 12.9 x 7.0 x 25.3 1.2

module

BS-PS-AC-VL AC power supply 12.9 x 7.0 x 25.3 1.2

module

BS-AU Indoor module of the 12.9 x 3.5 x 25.5 0.15

AU-D-BS access unit

AU-D-BS-ODU pole or wall mountable 30.6 x 12.0 x 4.7 1.85

AU-Ant-5G-16-60 2"-3.5" pole mountable 43.6 x 25 x 1.0 2.2

AU-Ant-5G-17-90 2"-3.5" pole mountable 55 x 25 x 1.1 1.5

AU-Ant-5G-15-120 2"-3.5" pole mountable 53 x 26 x 1.1 2.5

AU-Ant-5.4G-8-Omni 2.5"-4.5" pole 70cm high, 6cm 1.5

mountable base diameter

AU-Ant-5.8G-8-Omni Surface or pole 40cm high, 3.2cm 0.23

mountable base diameter

AU-Ant-4.9G-15-120 2"-4" pole mountable 55 x 25 x 1.7 1.5

AU-Ant-5.8G-14-120-UK 1"-4" pole mountable 55 x 7.5 x 5 1

18 NetLink III System Manual

 Specifications

[Link].2 Connectors

Table 1-13: Connectors, Modular Base Station Equipment

Unit Connector Description

BS-AU 10/100 BaseT 10/100BaseT Ethernet (RJ-45) with 2 embedded

LEDs.
Cable connection to a PC: crossed
Cable connection to a hub: straight

RADIO 10/100BaseT Ethernet (RJ-45) with 2 embedded

LEDs

AU-D-BS-ODU INDOOR 10/100BaseT Ethernet (RJ-45), protected by a

waterproof sealing assembly

ANT N-Type jack, 50 ohm, lightning protected

BS-PS-AC-VL AC-IN 3-PIN AC power plug

BS-PS-DC-VL -48 VDC 3 pin DC D-Type 3 power pins plug

Amphenol 717TWA3W3PHP2V4RRM6

Antenna RF N-Type jack (on a 1.5m cable in the Omni-8-5.8)

[Link].3 Electrical

Table 1-14: Electrical Specifications, Modular Base Station Equipment

Unit Details

General 240W max. for a fully equipped chassis (1 PS, 6 AU)

BS-PS-AC-VL AC power input: 85-265 VAC, 47-65 Hz

DC power output: 54 V; 3.3 V

BS-PS-DC-VL DC power input: -48 VDC nominal (-34 to -72), 10 A max

DC power output: 54 V; 3.3 V

BS-AU 3.3 VDC, 54 VDC from the power supply module(s) via the back plane

AU-D-BS-ODU 54 VDC from the BS-AU over the indoor-outdoor Ethernet cable

AU-D-BS Power consumption: 30W

(IDU+ODU)

NetLink III System Manual 19

Chapter 1 - System Description

[Link] Standalone Access Unit

NOTE
The equipment may be shipped with either a PS1036 or a PS1073 IDU. The differences are
primarily in the mechanical structure. The basic functionality is the same.

[Link].1 Mechanical

Table 1-15: Mechanical Specifications, Stand Alone Access Unit

Unit Structure Dimensions (cm) Weight (kg)

General An IDU indoor unit and

an AU-D-BS-ODU
outdoor unit connected
to a detached antenna

IDU PS1036 Desktop or wall 16 x 9 x 6 0.55

mountable

IDU PS1073 Plastic box (black), 14 x 6.6 x 3.5 0.3

desktop or wall
mountable

AU-D-SA-ODU Poll or wall mountable 30.6 x 12 x 4.7 1.85

AU-Ant-5G-16-60 2"-3.5" pole mountable 43.6 x 25 x 1.0 2.2

AU-Ant-5G-17-90 2"-3.5" pole mountable 55 x 25 x 1.1 1.5

AU-Ant-5G-15-120 2"-3.5" pole mountable 53 x 26 x 1.1 2.5

AU-Ant-5.4G-8-Omni 2.5"-4.5" pole 70 cm high, 6 cm 1.5

mountable base diameter

AU-Ant-5.8G-8-Omni Surface or pole 40 cm high, 3.2 cm 0.23

mountable base diameter

AU-Ant-4.9G-15-120 2"-4" pole mountable 55 x 25 x 1.7 1.5

AU-Ant-4.9G-9-Omni 1.5”-3” pole mountable 46 cm high, 5.5 cm 0.6

base diameter

AU-Ant-5.8G-14-120-UK 1"-4" pole mountable 55 x 7.5 x 5 1

20 NetLink III System Manual

 Specifications

[Link].2 Connectors

Table 1-16: Connectors, Stand Alone Access Unit

Unit Connector Description

IDU ETHERNET 10/100BaseT Ethernet (RJ-45)

Cable connection to a PC: crossed
Cable connection to a hub: straight

RADIO 10/100BaseT Ethernet (RJ-45).

2 embedded LEDs in the PS1036

AC IN 3-PIN AC power plug

AU-D-SA-ODU INDOOR 10/100BaseT Ethernet (RJ-45), protected by a

waterproof sealing assembly

ANT N-Type jack, 50 ohm, lightning protected

Antenna RF N-Type jack (on a 1.5m cable in the Omni-8-5.8)

[Link].3 Electrical

Table 1-17: Electrical Specifications, Stand Alone Access Unit

Unit Details

General Power consumption: 25W

IDU AC power input: 85-265 VAC, 50-60 Hz

AU-D-SA-ODU 54 VDC from the IDU over the indoor-outdoor Ethernet cable

NetLink III System Manual 21

Chapter 1 - System Description

[Link] Environmental

Table 1-18: Environmental Specifications

Type Unit Details

o o
Operating Outdoor units -40 C to 55 C
temperature o o
Indoor equipment 0 C to 40 C

Operating Outdoor units 5%-95% non condensing, weather protected

humidity
Indoor equipment 5%-95% non condensing

22 NetLink III System Manual

Chapter 2 - Installation

In This Chapter:

! Installation Requirements, page 24

! Equipment Positioning Guidelines, page 28

! Installing the Outdoor Unit, page 29

! Installing the Universal IDU Indoor Unit, page 34

! Installing the Modular Base Station Equipment, page 36

Chapter 2 - Installation

2.1 Installation Requirements

This section describes all the supplies required to install the NetLink III system
components and the items included in each installation package.

2.1.1 Packing List

[Link] Subscriber Unit
The SU installation kit includes the following components:

! IDU indoor unit with a wall mounting kit

! Mains power cord

! Outdoor Unit:

" SU-A-ODU outdoor unit with an integrated vertically polarized antenna

OR

" SU-A-H-ODU outdoor unit with an integrated horizontally polarized

antenna

OR

" SU-E-ODU outdoor unit with a connection to an external antenna

! Pole mounting kit for the ODU

! 20m Category 5E indoor-to-outdoor Ethernet cable with shielded RJ-45

connectors

[Link] Modular Base Station Equipment

This section describes the items included in the installation packages for each
Modular Base Station system component.

[Link].1 BS-SH-VL Base Station Chassis

The BS-SH-VL installation kit includes the following components:

! BS-SH-VL chassis with blank panels

! Rubber legs for optional desktop installation

24 NetLink III System Manual

 Installation Requirements

[Link].2 AU-D/E-BS Access Unit

The AU-D/E-BS and installation kit includes the following components:

! BS-AU Network Interface module

! AU-D/E-BS-ODU outdoor unit

! Pole mounting kit for the AU-D/E-BS-ODU

! In AU-D-BS kits: Antenna, including pole mounting hardware

! RF cable

[Link].3 BS-PS-AC-VL Power Supply

Up to two BS-PS-AC-VL power supply modules can be included in each Base
Station chassis. The BS-PS-AC-VL installation kit includes the following
components:

! BS-PS-AC-VL power supply module

! Mains power cord

[Link].4 BS-PS-DC-VL Power Supply

Up to two BS-PS-DC-VL power supply modules can be included in each Base
Station chassis. The BS-PS-DC-VL installation kit includes the following
components:

! BS-PS-DC-VL power supply module

! DC power cable

[Link] AU-D/E-SA Standalone Access Unit

The AU-D/E-SA installation kit includes the following components:

! IDU indoor unit with a wall mounting kit

! Mains power cord

! AU-D/E-SA-ODU outdoor unit with an integrated antenna

! Pole mounting kit for the AU-D/E-SA-ODU

NetLink III System Manual 25

Chapter 2 - Installation

! In AU-D-SA kits: Antenna, including pole mounting hardware

! RF cable

[Link] Additional Installation Requirements

The following items are also required to install the NetLink III system
components:

! Indoor-to-outdoor Category 5 Ethernet cable with shielded RJ-45 connectors *

(available in different lengths. For more details refer to section 2.1.2)

! Ethernet cable (straight for connecting to a hub/switch etc., crossed for

connecting directly to a PC’s NIC)

! Crimping tool for RJ-45 connectors

! Antenna, for E model units supplied without an antenna

! Ground cables with an appropriate termination

! Mains plug adapter or termination plug (if the power plug on the supplied AC
power cord does not fit local power outlets)

! Portable PC with Ethernet card and Telnet software or NetLink III Config for
NetLink III* application and a crossed Ethernet cable

! Installation tools and materials, including appropriate means (e.g. a pole) for
installing the outdoor unit.

NOTE
Items marked with an asterisk (*) are available from Nera Networks.

2.1.2 Indoor-to-Outdoor Cables

NOTE
The length of the Ethernet cable connecting the indoor unit to the user's equipment, together with
the length of the Indoor-to-Outdoor cable, should not exceed 100 meters.

Use only Category 5E Ethernet cables from approved manufacturers, listed in

Table 2-1. Consult with Nera Networks specialists on the suitability of other
cables.

26 NetLink III System Manual

 Installation Requirements

Table 2-1: Approved Category 5E Ethernet Cables

Manufacturer Part Number

Superior Cables Ltd. 612098

[Link]

HES Cabling Systems H5E-00481

[Link]

Teldor 8393204101
[Link]

Southbay Holdings Limited TSM2404A0D

11th Fl., 15, Lane 347, Jong Jeng Rd.
Shin Juang City, Taipei County
Taiwan, R.O.C
Attn: Eva Lin
Tel. 886-2-2832 3339
Fax. 886-2-2206 0081
E-mail: eva@[Link]

NetLink III System Manual 27

Chapter 2 - Installation

2.2 Equipment Positioning Guidelines

This section provides key guidelines for selecting the optimal installation
locations for the various NetLink III system components.

CAUTION
ONLY experienced installation professionals who are familiar with local building and safety codes
and, wherever applicable, are licensed by the appropriate government regulatory authorities should
install outdoor units and antennas.
Failure to do so may void the NetLink III product warranty and may expose the end user or Service
Provider to legal and financial liabilities. Nera Networks and its resellers or distributors are not liable
for injury, damage or regulation violations associated with the installation of Outdoor Units or
antennas.

Select the optimal locations for the equipment using the following guidelines:

! The outdoor unit can be either pole or wall mounted. Its location should
enable easy access to the unit for installation and testing.

! The higher the placement of the antenna, the better the achievable link
quality.

! AU-ODU units should be installed as close as possible to the antenna.

! The antenna connected to the AU-ODU unit, should be installed so as to

provide coverage to all Subscriber Units (SUs) within its service area.

NOTE
The recommended minimum distance between any two antennas serving adjacent sectors is 2
meters. The recommended minimum distance between two antennas serving opposite cells
(installed back-to-back) is 5 meters.

! The antenna of the SU (integrated on the front side of SU-A-ODU and SU-A-H-
ODU unit) should be installed to provide a direct, or near line of sight with the
Base Station antenna. The antenna should be aligned to face the Base
Station.

! The indoor equipment should be installed as close as possible to the location

where the indoor-to-outdoor cable enters the building. The location of the
indoor equipment should take into account its connection to a power outlet
and the CPE.

28 NetLink III System Manual

 Installing the Outdoor Unit

2.3 Installing the Outdoor Unit

The following sections describe how to install the outdoor units, including pole
mounting the ODU, and connecting the indoor-to-outdoor, grounding and RF
cables.

NOTE
Ensure that outdoor units, antennas and supporting structures are properly installed to eliminate
any physical hazard to either people or property. Make sure that the installation of the outdoor unit,
antenna and cables is performed in accordance with all relevant national and local building and
safety codes. Even where grounding is not mandatory according to applicable regulation and
national codes, it is highly recommended to ensure that the outdoor unit and the antenna pole
(when using external antenna) are grounded and suitable lightning protection devices are used so
as to provide protection against voltage surges and static charges. In any event, Nera Networks is
not liable for any injury, damage or regulation violations associated with or caused by installation,
grounding or lightning protection.

2.3.1 Pole Mounting the Outdoor Unit

The Outdoor Unit can be mounted on a pole using one of the following options:

! Special brackets and open-ended bolts are supplied with each unit. There are
two pairs of threaded holes on the back of the unit, enabling the special
brackets to be mounted on diverse pole diameters.

! Special grooves on the sides of the unit enable the use of metal bands to
secure the unit to a pole. The bands must be 9/16 inches wide and at least 12
inches long. The metal bands are not included with the installation package.

NOTE
Be sure to mount the unit with the bottom panel, which includes the LED indicators, facing
downward.

NetLink III System Manual 29

Chapter 2 - Installation

Figure 2-1 illustrates the method of mounting an outdoor unit on a pole, using
the brackets and open-ended bolts.

Figure 2-1: 3" Pole Installation Using Special Brackets

NOTE
Be sure to insert the open ended bolts with the grooves pointing outward, as these grooves enable
you to use a screwdriver to fasten the bolts to the unit.

30 NetLink III System Manual

 Installing the Outdoor Unit

2.3.2 Connecting the Ground and Antenna Cables

The Grounding screw (marked ╤) is located on the bottom panel of the outdoor
unit. The Antenna RF connector (marked ) is located on the top panel of the
AU-ODU.

To connect the grounding cable:

1 Connect one end of a grounding cable to the grounding terminal and tighten
the grounding screw firmly.

2 Connect the other end of the grounding cable to a good ground (earth)
connection.

To connect the RF cable (units with external antenna):

1 Connect one end of the coaxial RF cable to the RF connector on the top panel
of the unit

2 Connect the other end of the RF cable to the antenna.

3 The RF connectors should be properly sealed to protect against rain and

moisture.

Figure 2-2: Bottom Panel of the Outdoor Unit (without the seal assembly)

NOTE
The MAC Address of the unit is marked on both the ODU and the indoor unit (on the print side of
the BS-AU module or on the bottom side of the Universal IDU). If for any reason the ODU is not
used with the IDU with which it was shipped, the MAC Address of the system is in accordance with
the marking on the ODU.

NetLink III System Manual 31

Chapter 2 - Installation

2.3.3 Connecting the Indoor-to-Outdoor Cable

[Link] Units with an Installed Waterproof Seal

To connect the indoor-to-outdoor cable:

1 Remove the two screws holding the waterproof seal to the outdoor unit and
remove the waterproof seal.

2 Unscrew the top nut from the waterproof seal.

Figure 2-3: The Waterproof Seal

3 Route a straight Category 5E Ethernet cable (8-wire, 24 AWG) through both

the top nut and the waterproof seal.

NOTE
Use only Category 5E 4x2x24# FTP outdoor cables from an approved manufacturer. See list of
approved cables and length limitations in section 2.1.2.

4 Insert and crimp the RJ-45 connector. Refer to Appendix C for instructions on
preparing the cable.

5 Connect the Ethernet cable to the outdoor unit RJ-45 connector.

6 Replace the waterproof seal and then the top nut. Make sure that the external
jack of the cable is well inside the waterproof seal to guarantee a good seal.

7 Route the cable to the location selected for the indoor equipment.

8 Assemble an RJ-45 connector with a protective cover on the indoor end of the
indoor-to-outdoor cable.

32 NetLink III System Manual

 Installing the Outdoor Unit

[Link] Units with a Waterproof Seal Supplied with the Ethernet

Cable

To connect the indoor-to-outdoor cable:

1 Verify that the o-ring supplied with the cable kit is in place.

2 Connect the RJ-45 connector of the Ethernet cable to the outdoor unit.

3 Attach the waterproof seal to the unit. Tighten the top nut.

4 Route the cable to the location selected for the indoor equipment.

5 Assemble an RJ-45 connector with a protective cover on the indoor end of the
indoor-to-outdoor cable.
See Appendix C for instructions on preparing the cable.

NetLink III System Manual 33

Chapter 2 - Installation

2.4 Installing the Universal IDU Indoor Unit

The unit can be placed on a desktop or a shelf. Alternatively, it may be wall-

mounted. The drilling template included with the unit can be used to facilitate
the wall installation process.

The equipment is shipped with either a PS1036 (white box) or a PS1073 (black
box) IDU. The type is marked on the bottom of the unit. The functionality is very
similar, although there are some mechanical differences between the two types,
as shown in the following figures:

Figure 2-4: IDU PS 1036 Front Panel

Figure 2-5: IDU PS 1073 Front Panel

In the PS1036 (white box) IDU, all connectors, indicators and the RESET button
are located on the front panel. In the smaller PS1073 (black box) IDU, the RADIO
connector and RESET button are located on the front panel, the ETHERNET
connector is located on the side panel and LEDs are located on the top panel.
There are also some differences in the names and functionality of the LEDs.

CAUTION
Do not connect the data equipment to the RADIO port. The RADIO port supplies DC power to the
ODU, and this may harm other equipment connected to it.

To install the IDU:

1 Connect the Indoor-to-Outdoor cable to the RADIO connector, located on the

front panel of the indoor unit.

34 NetLink III System Manual

 Installing the Universal IDU Indoor Unit

2 Connect the power cord to the unit's AC socket, located on the rear panel.
Connect the other end of the power cord to the AC mains. The unit can
operate with AC mains of 100-240 VAC, 50-60 Hz.

NOTE
The color codes of the power cable are as follows:
Brown Phase ~
Blue Neutral 0
Yellow/Green Ground

3 Verify that the POWER LED is lit, indicating that power is supplied to the
unit.

4 Configure the basic parameters as described in section 3.1.

5 Connect the 10/100 BaseT ETHERNET connector to the network. The cable
connection should be a straight Ethernet if connecting the indoor unit to a
hub/switch and a crossed cable if connecting it directly to a PC Network
Interface Card (NIC).

NOTE
The length of the Ethernet cable connecting the indoor unit to the user's equipment, together with
the length of the Indoor-to-Outdoor cable, should not exceed 100 meters.

2.4.1 RESET Button Functionality

Using a sharp object, press the recessed RESET button for a short time to reset
the unit and reboot from the Main version.

In units with ODU HW revision C and an IDU PS 1073, the RESET button can be
used for setting the unit to its factory defaults. Press the button for at least 5
seconds (until the ETH LED of the IDU stops blinking): the unit will reboot with
the factory default configuration.

NOTE
Reset the ODU using the RESET button on the IDU after connecting or reconnecting the indoor
and outdoor units with the indoor-to-outdoor cable.

NetLink III System Manual 35

Chapter 2 - Installation

2.5 Installing the Modular Base Station

Equipment

The following sections describe the slot assignment for the Base Station chassis,
provide illustrated descriptions of the power supply modules and Access Unit
network interface modules, and describe how to install the Base Station
equipment.

2.5.1 BS-SH-VL Slot Assignment

The Base Station chassis comprises ten slots, as shown in Figure 2-6.

Figure 2-6: BS-SH-VL Chassis Slot Assignment

To enable power supply redundancy, two BS-PS power supply modules can be
installed in the wider side slots. If a single power supply module is used, it can be
inserted into either one of the two available slots.

The remaining eight slots can hold up to six BS-AU modules. Unused slots
should remain covered until required.

The design of the BS-SH-VL supports collocation of NetLink III Access Units with
Access Units belonging to the NetLink I family using GFSK modulation. It
supports any mixture of BS-AU VL modules with NetLink I BS-AU modules,
including an optional BS-GU-GPS module. If Access Units belonging to the
NetLink I familiy are used, then it is necessary to use two power supply modules:
one BS-PS-VL (AC or DC) power supply for the NetLink III Access Units and one
BS-PS GFSK (AC or DC) for the NetLink I Access Units.

36 NetLink III System Manual

 Installing the Modular Base Station Equipment

2.5.2 BS-PS- AC-VL Power Supply Module

The BS-PS-AC-VL is an AC to DC converter that provides power to all the
BS-AU-VL modules installed in the BS-SH-VL chassis. Figure 2-7 shows the
BS-PS-AC-VL front panel.

Figure 2-7: BS-PS-AC-VL Front Panel

The BS-PS-AC-VL includes a power input connector, marked AC IN, for

connecting the AC power cord to the mains.

The ON/OFF Power Switch controls the flow of mains power to the power supply
module.

Table 2-2: BS-PS LED Functionality

Name Description

54V Green LED. Indicates that the 54V power supply module is OK

3.3V Green LED. Indicates that the 3.3V power supply module is OK

OVER TEMP Red LED. Indicates an over temperature condition in the power supply
module

NetLink III System Manual 37

Chapter 2 - Installation

2.5.3 BS-PS-DC-VL Power Supply Module

The BS-PS-DC-VL is a DC-to-DC converter that provides power to all the
BS-AU-VL modules installed in the BS-SH-VL chassis. Figure 2-8 shows the
BS-PS-DC-VL front panel.

Figure 2-8: BS-PS-DC-VL Front Panel

The BS-PS-DC-VL provides a power input connector, marked -48VDC, for

connecting the -48 VDC power source to the module.

The color codes of the cable wires are as follows:

! Black (pin 2): 48 VDC

! Red (pin 1): + (Return)

! Shield (pin 3)

The ON/OFF Power Switch controls the flow of mains power to the power supply
module.

The functionality of the LEDs is described in Table 2-2.

38 NetLink III System Manual

 Installing the Modular Base Station Equipment

2.5.4 BS-AU Network Interface Module

Figure 2-9 shows the front panel of the BS-AU Access Unit Network Interface
module.

Figure 2-9: BS-AU Front Panel

The BS-AU provides the following interfaces:

! 10/100 BaseT: A 10/100BaseT Ethernet connector for connecting the BS-AU

to the network. A straight Ethernet cable should be used to connect the
module to a hub, router or switch.

! RADIO: A 10/100BaseT Ethernet connector for connecting the BS-AU to an

AU-ODU outdoor unit.

CAUTION
Do not connect the data equipment to the RADIO port. The RADIO port supplies DC power to the
ODU, and this may harm other equipment connected to it.

The recessed RESET switch on the front panel is for resetting the outdoor unit.

NetLink III System Manual 39

Chapter 2 - Installation

2.5.5 Installing the BS-SH-VL Chassis and Modules

This section describes how to install the power supply and Access Unit network
interface modules in the Base Station chassis.

To install the BS SH chassis and modules:

1 Install the BS-SH-VL chassis in a 19” cabinet. To prevent over-heating, leave

a free space of at least 1U between the upper/lower covers of the BS-SH-VL
chassis and other units in the cabinet.

OR

Place the BS-SH-VL chassis on an appropriate shelf or table. When mounting

the BS-SH-VL on a shelf or table, attach the rubber legs supplied with the
unit.

2 Connect one end of a grounding cable to the ground terminal located on the
rear panel of the BS-SH-VL chassis and firmly tighten the grounding screw.

3 Connect the opposite end of the grounding cable to a ground connection or to

the cabinet, if applicable.

4 Carefully insert the BS-PS-VL power supply and the BS-AU modules into the
relevant slots and push firmly until they are securely locked. Before insertion,
verify that the switches of all BS-PS-VL modules are in the OFF position. Refer
to section 2.5.1 for a description of the slot assignment.

5 Close the captive screws attached to each module.

6 Place blank covers over all of the unused slots.

7 Connect the indoor-to outdoor cable(s) to the RADIO connector(s) of the

BS-AU module(s).

8 If a BS-PS-DC-VL power supply is used, connect the DC power cord to the -48
VDC IN jack of the BS-PS-DC-VL power supply. If a redundant power supply
module is installed, connect a DC power cord also to the second DC power
module. Connect the power cord(s) to the -48 VDC power source, as follows:

a Connect the black wire to the 48 VDC contact of the power source.

b Connect the red wire to the + (Return) contact.

c Connect the shield to the ground.

9 If a BS-PS-AC-VL power supply is used, connect the AC power cord to the AC

IN jack of the BS-PS-AC-VL power supply. If a redundant power supply
module is installed, connect an AC power cord also to the second AC power
module. Connect the power cord(s) to the mains outlet.

40 NetLink III System Manual

 Installing the Modular Base Station Equipment

10 Switch the BS-PS-AC/DC-VL power supplies to ON. Verify that all power
indicator LEDs on the BS-PS-AC/DC-VL front panel are ON and that the
OVERTEMP alarm indicator is off. Refer to Table 2-2 for a description of these
LEDs.

11 Configure the basic parameters in all BS-AU modules as described in section

3.1.

12 Connect the 10/100 BaseT LAN connector(s) to the network. The cable
connection should be straight Ethernet if connecting the indoor unit to a
hub/switch and a crossed cable if connecting it directly to a PC Network
Interface Card (NIC).

NOTE

! The length of each of the Ethernet cables (the cable connecting the indoor unit to the user's
equipment and the Indoor-to-Outdoor cable) should not exceed 100 meters.

! Reset the unit using the RESET button after connecting or reconnecting the indoor and outdoor
units with the indoor-to-outdoor cable.

NetLink III System Manual 41

Chapter 3 - Commissioning

About This Chapter:

! Configuring Basic Parameters, page 44

! Aligning the Subscriber Unit Antenna, page 47

! Configuring the Subscriber Unit’s Maximum Modulation Level, page 48

! Operation Verification, page 50

Chapter 3 - Commissioning

3.1 Configuring Basic Parameters

After completing the installation process, as described in the preceding chapter,

the basic parameters must be configured to ensure that the unit operates
correctly. After the basic parameters have been configured, additional parameters
can be remotely configured via the Ethernet port or the wireless link using Telnet
or SNMP management, or by loading a configuration file.

Refer to section 4.1 for information on how to access the Monitor program using
Telnet and how to use it.

The Basic Configuration menu includes all the parameters necessary for the
initial installation and operation of Subscriber and Access Units. In many
installations, most of these parameters should not be changed from their default
values. The basic parameters and their default values are listed in Table 3-1.

Refer to Chapter 4 for detailed information on the applicable parameters.

Table 3-1: Basic Parameters

Parameter Default Value Comment

Ethernet Port Negotiation Mode (in Auto Negotiation

Unit Control Parameters)

IP Address [Link]

Subnet Mask [Link]

Default Gateway Address [Link]

DHCP Options Disable

Access to DHCP AU: From Ethernet Only

SU: From Wireless Only

ESSID ESSID1

Sub-Band Select 1 Applicable only if more

than one Sub-Band is
available

Frequency Subset Definition (SU) A (All) The list of frequencies is

in accordance with the
Sub-Band.

44 NetLink III System Manual

 Configuring Basic Parameters

Table 3-1: Basic Parameters

Parameter Default Value Comment

Tx Power for Modulation Levels 1 Dependent on HW Tx Power cannot be

to 5, revision, unit type and higher than the applicable
Sub-Band Maximum Tx Power
Tx Power for Modulation Level 6,
parameter.
Tx Power for Modulation Level 7,

Tx Power for Modulation Level 8

(HW Revision B and higher)

Maximum Tx Power for Modulation Dependent on HW Max Tx Power cannot be

Levels 1 to 5 (SU), revision and Sub-Band higher than the upper
limit according to the
Maximum Tx Power for Modulation
Sub-Band in use.
Level 6 (SU),

Maximum Tx Power for Modulation

Level 7 (SU)

Maximum Tx Power for Modulation

Level 8 (SU, HW Revision B and
higher)

Tx Power (AU) On

Antenna Gain (units with external According to the antenna If set to “Not Set Yet”,
antenna) supplied with the unit and must be configured
the Sub-Band. according to actual value,
taking into account
cable’s attenuation.

ATPC Option Enable

Best AU Support (SU) Disable

Preferred AU MAC Address (SU) 00-00-00-00-00-00 (none) Applicable only when

Best AU Support is
enabled.

Cell Distance Mode (AU) Automatic

Maximum Cell Distance (AU) 0 (No Compensation)

NetLink III System Manual 45

Chapter 3 - Commissioning

Table 3-1: Basic Parameters

Parameter Default Value Comment

Maximum Modulation Level (SU) 8 (or the highest value Refer to section 3.3.
supported according to
the country code). No
higher than 7 for units
with HW revision A.

VLAN ID-Management 65535

Authentication Algorithm Open System

Data Encryption Option Disable Availability of security

parameters depends on
Security Mode WEP
support according to the
Default Multicast Key (AU) Key 1 country code.

Promiscuous Authentication (AU) Disable

Default Key (SU) Key 1

Key 1 to Key 4 00……0 (32 zeros,

meaning no key)

NOTE
Some parameters are changed to their new values only after reset (refer to Appendix E for more
details). After the basic parameters are configured, the unit should be reset in order to activate the
new configuration.

46 NetLink III System Manual

 Aligning the Subscriber Unit Antenna

3.2 Aligning the Subscriber Unit Antenna

The SNR bar display is located on the bottom panel of the outdoor unit. The ten
LEDs indicate the quality of the received signal. The higher the number of green
LEDs indicating On, the higher the quality of the received signal. This section
describes how to align the Subscriber Unit antenna using the SNR bar display.

NOTE
Antenna alignment using the SNR bar display is possible only after the Subscriber Unit is
associated with an Access Unit. The associated Access Unit must be operational and the basic
Subscriber Unit parameters must be correctly configured. Otherwise, the unit will not be able to
synchronize with the Access Unit. As the SNR measurement is performed on received frames, its
results are meaningless unless the Subscriber Unit is associated with an Access Unit.

To align the Subscriber Unit antenna:

1 Align the antenna by pointing it in the general direction of the Base Station.

2 Verify that the power indication of the unit is On.

3 Verify that the W-LINK LED of the ODU is On, indicating that the unit is
associated with an Access Unit. If the W-LINK LED is Off, check that the
ESSID and Frequency parameters are correctly configured. If the SU is still
not associated with the AU, increase the transmit power level to its maximum
value. If the unit is still not associated with the AU, improve the quality of the
link by changing the direction of the antenna or by placing the antenna at a
higher or alternate location.

4 Rotate the antenna until the maximum SNR reading is achieved, where at
least 1 green LED is on. If you encounter prolonged difficulty in illuminating
the minimum required number of green LEDs, try to improve the reception
quality by placing the antenna at a higher point or in an alternate location.

5 Ensure that the front of the antenna is always facing the Base Station.
However, in certain conditions, such as when the line of site to the Base
Station is hampered, better reception may be achieved using a reflected
signal. In this case, the antenna is not always directed toward the Base
Station.

6 Secure the unit firmly to the pole.

NOTE
In some cases, the antenna may need to be tilted to ensure that the level at which the SU receives
transmissions from the AU (and vice versa) is not too high. As a rule of thumb, if the SU is located
at a distance of less than 300 meters from the AU, it is recommended to up-tilt the antenna by
approximately 10° to 15°. To guarantee a safety margin from the saturation level (received signal
of –40 dBm at the antenna port), the SNR should not be higher than 50 dB. The orange LED of the
SNR bar indicates that the SNR is higher than 50 dB.

NetLink III System Manual 47

Chapter 3 - Commissioning

3.3 Configuring the Subscriber Unit’s

Maximum Modulation Level

This section describes how to configure the maximum modulation level for
Subscriber Units.

NOTE
If the unit is associated with the AU, then the final configuration of the Maximum Modulation Level
parameter may be performed remotely, for example, from the site of the AU or from another site.

To configure the Maximum Modulation Level:

1 If the SNR of the SU at the AU is too low, it is recommended that you

configure the Maximum Modulation Level parameter to a value that is lower
than the maximum supported by the unit. This can decrease the number of
retransmissions due to attempts to transmit at modulation levels that are too
high for the actual quality of the link.

2 Check the SNR of the SU at the AU. You can use Telnet to view the SNR
values in the MAC Address Database, which can be accessed from the Site
Survey menu. If the ATPC algorithm is not enabled in both AU and SU, the
test should be done with the Initial Power Level at the SU configured to its
maximum value. If the SNR is lower than the values required for the
maximum modulation level according to Table 3-2, it is recommended that
you decrease the value of the Maximum Modulation Level.

NOTE
The SNR measurement at the AU is accurate only when receiving transmissions from the
applicable SU. If necessary, use the Ping Test utility in the Site Survey menu to verify data
transmission.

3 Configure the Maximum Modulation Level according to Table 3-2, using the
typical SNR values. It is recommended that a 2 dB margin be added to
compensate for possible measurement inaccuracy or variance in the quality of
the link.

48 NetLink III System Manual

 Configuring the Subscriber Unit’s Maximum Modulation Level

Table 3-2: Recommended Maximum Modulation Level*

SNR Maximum Modulation Level

SNR > 23 dB 8

21 dB < SNR < 23 dB 7

16 dB< SNR < 21 dB 6

13 dB < SNR < 16 dB 5

10 dB < SNR < 13 dB 4

8 dB < SNR < 10 dB 3

7 dB < SNR < 8 dB 2

6 dB < SNR < 7 dB 1

* The maximum supported value depends on the unit’s HW revision and on the Max Modulation Level
according to the Sub-Band.

NetLink III System Manual 49

Chapter 3 - Commissioning

3.4 Operation Verification

The following sections describe how to verify the correct functioning of the
Outdoor Unit, Indoor Unit, Ethernet connection and data connectivity.

3.4.1 Outdoor Unit Verification

To verify the correct operation of the Outdoor Unit, examine the LED indicators
located on the bottom panel of the outdoor unit.

The following tables list the provided LEDs and their associated indications.

NOTE
Verifying the correct operation of the Outdoor Unit using the LEDs, as described below, is only
possible after the configuration and alignment processes are completed.

Table 3-3: AU-ODU LEDs

Name Description Functionality

W-LINK Wireless Link ! Green – Unit is associated with one or

more SUs
Indictor
! Blinking red – No associations
! Off – Wireless link is disabled

Status Self-test and power ! Green – Power is available and

self-test passed.
indication
! Blinking Amber – Testing (not ready for
operation)
! Red – Self-test failed – fatal error

ETH Ethernet activity/ ! Green –Ethernet link detected.

connectivity ! Amber – No Ethernet connectivity between
indication the indoor and outdoor units.

50 NetLink III System Manual

 Operation Verification

Table 3-4: SU-ODU LEDs

Name Description Functionality

W-LINK Wireless Link ! Green – Unit is associated with an AU,

no wireless link activity
Indictor
! Blinking Green – Data received or
transmitted on the wireless link.
Blinking rate is proportional to wireless
traffic rate
! Off – Wireless link is disabled

Status Self-test and power ! Green – Power is available and

self-test passed.
indication
! Blinking Amber – Testing (not ready for
operation)
! Red – Self-test failed – fatal error

ETH Ethernet activity/ ! Green – Ethernet link between the

indoor and outdoor units is detected,
connectivity
no activity
indication
! Blinking Green – Ethernet connectivity
is OK, with traffic on the port. Blinking
rate proportional to traffic rate.
! Red – No Ethernet connectivity
between the indoor and outdoor units.

SNR BAR Received signal ! Red LED: Signal is too low

(SNR<4 dB)
(SU-RA) strength Indication
! 8 green LEDs: Quality of the received
signal
! Orange LED: Signal is too high
(SNR > 50 dB)

NetLink III System Manual 51

Chapter 3 - Commissioning

Table 3-5: SU-ODU SNR Bar LED Functionality

SNR Bar LEDs SNR (typical)

LED 1 (red) is On Signal is too low (SNR < 4 dB)

LED 2 (green) is On SNR > 4 dB

LEDs 2 to 3 (green) are On SNR > 8 dB

LEDs 2 to 4 (green) are On SNR > 13 dB

LEDs 2 to 5 (green) are On SNR > 19 dB

LEDs 2 to 6 (green) are On SNR > 26 dB

LEDs 2 to 7 (green) are On SNR > 31 dB

LEDs 2 to 8 (green) are On SNR > 38 dB

LEDs 2 to 9 (green) are On SNR > 44 dB

LEDs 2 to 9 (green) and 10 (orange) are On Signal is too high (SNR > 50 dB)

52 NetLink III System Manual

 Operation Verification

3.4.2 Indoor Unit Verification

To verify the correct operation of the indoor equipment, examine the LED
indicators located on the top panel of the SU IDU and AU IDU units, or on the
front panel of the BS-AU-VL module.

Table 3-6 provides information for the BS-AU IDU LEDs. Table 3-7 lists the LEDs
of the PS1036 IDU and their associated indications. Table 3-8 lists the LEDs of
the PS1073 IDU.

Table 3-6: BS-AU LEDs

Name Description Functionality

W-LINK Wireless link activity ! Green - At least one SU is associated.

! Blinking Red - No SU is associated.
! Off - Wireless link is disabled.

ODU CURRENT Current Consumption of ! Red - over current.

CONSUMPTION the Outdoor Unit ! Blinking Red - open circuit or below
anticipated current consumption.
! Green - within tolerance.

ODU STATUS Outdoor Unit Self-test ! Green - Self test passed and ODU
ready for operation.
! Blinking Amber - Testing (not ready
for operation)
! Red - fatal failure.

IDU PWR Power indication for the ! Green - IDU power is OK.
Indoor Unit ! Off - no power is supplied to the IDU.

ALARM Indoor Unit Alarm ! Red - a fatal failure indication.

Indication ! Off - IDU is functioning properly.

NetLink III System Manual 53

Chapter 3 - Commissioning

Table 3-7: PS1036 SU IDU / AU-SA IDU LEDs

Name Description Functionality

POWER Power Indication ! Orange – 48 VDC is present on the

RADIO port.
! Off - No power is supplied to the
RADIO port.

LINK Self test and end-to- ! Off – No Ethernet connectivity has

been detected between the outdoor
end Ethernet
unit and the device connected to the
connectivity indoor unit.
! Green– Self-test passed and Ethernet
connection confirmed by the outdoor
unit (Ethernet integrity check passed).

Table 3-8: PS1073 SU IDU / AU-SA IDU LEDs

Name Description Functionality

POWER Power Indication ! Green – IDU power is OK

! Off - No power or power failure

ETH Self test and end-to- ! Off – No Ethernet connectivity has

been detected between the outdoor
end Ethernet
unit and the device connected to the
connectivity indoor unit.
! Green– Self-test passed and Ethernet
connection confirmed by the outdoor
unit (Ethernet integrity check passed).

3.4.3 Verifying the Ethernet Connection (Modular

Base station)
After connecting the unit to an Ethernet outlet, verify that the Ethernet Integrity
Indicator, which is the yellow LED embedded in the 10/100 BaseT connector, is
on. This indicates that the unit is connected to an Ethernet segment. The
Ethernet Activity Indicator, which is the green embedded LED, should blink
whenever the unit receives or transmits traffic on the 10/100 BaseT port.

54 NetLink III System Manual

 Operation Verification

3.4.4 Verifying the Indoor-to-Outdoor Connection

(Modular Base Station)
After connecting the unit to an Ethernet outlet, verify that the Ethernet Integrity
Indicator, which is the yellow LED embedded in the RADIO connector, is on. This
indicates that the unit has detected an Ethernet link connection. The Ethernet
Activity Indicator, which is the green embedded LED, should blink whenever the
unit receives or transmits traffic on the RADIO port.

3.4.5 Verifying Data Connectivity

To verify data connectivity, from the end-user’s PC or from a portable PC
connected to the unit, ping the Access Unit, or try to connect to the Internet.

NetLink III System Manual 55

Chapter 4 - Operation and Administration

In This Chapter:

! Working with the Monitor Program, page 58

! Menus and Parameters, page 61

Chapter 4 - Operation and Administration

4.1 Working with the Monitor Program

4.1.1 Accessing the Monitor Program Using Telnet

1 Connect a PC to the Ethernet port, using a crossed cable.

2 Configure the PC's IP parameters to enable connectivity with the unit. The
default IP address is [Link].

3 Run the Telnet program. The Select Access Level menu is displayed.

4 Select the required access level, depending on your specific access rights. A
password entry request is displayed. Table 4-1 lists the default passwords for
each of the access levels.

Table 4-1: Default Passwords

Access Rights Password

Read-Only public

Installer user

Administrator private

NOTE
Following three unsuccessful login attempts (using incorrect passwords), the monitor program is
blocked for several minutes. To enable access to the monitor program during that time, the unit
must be reset via SNMP or by disconnecting/reconnecting power.

5 Enter your password and press Enter. The Main Menu is displayed as shown
in Figure 4-1. The unit type, SW version number and SW release date
displayed in the Main Menu vary according to the selected unit and SW
version.

58 NetLink III System Manual

 Working with the Monitor Program

NetLink III/AU
Official Release Version – 1.1.3
Release Date: Mon Jul 01 2003, [Link]
Main Menu
==========
1 – Info Screens
2 – Unit Control
3 - Basic Configuration
4 – Site Survey
5 - Advanced Configuration
x - Exit
>>>

Figure 4-1: Main Menu (Administrator Level)

NOTE
If the Telnet session is not terminated properly; for example, if you simply close the window, the
monitor program is blocked for several minutes. To enable access to the monitor program during
that time, the unit must be reset via SNMP or by disconnecting/reconnecting power.

The display of the Main Menu varies depending on the user's access level, as
follows.

! For users with read only access rights, only the Info Screens option is
displayed. Users with this access level are not able to access the Unit Control,
Basic Configuration, Site Survey and Advanced Configuration menus.

! For users with Installer access rights, the first four menu items, Info Screens,
Unit Control, Basic Configuration and Site Survey, are displayed. Users with
this access level are not able to access the Advanced Configuration menu.

! For users with Administrator access rights, the full Main Menu is displayed.
These users can access all menu items.

4.1.2 Common Operations

The following describes the standard operations used when working with the
Monitor program.

! Type an option number to open or activate the option. In certain cases you
may need to click Enter.

! Click Esc to exit a menu or option.

NetLink III System Manual 59

Chapter 4 - Operation and Administration

NOTE
The program is automatically terminated following a determined period of inactivity. The default
time out is 5 minutes and is configured with the Log Out Timer parameter.

In some cases, to activate any configuration changes, you must reset the unit.
Certain settings are automatically activated without having to reset the unit.
Refer to Appendix E for information on which parameters are run time
configurable, which means that the unit need not be reset for the parameter to
take effect, and which parameters do require that the unit be reset.

60 NetLink III System Manual

 Menus and Parameters

4.2 Menus and Parameters

The following sections describe the menus and parameters provided by the
Monitor program.

4.2.1 Main Menu

The Main Menu enables to access the following menus, depending on your access
level, as described in section 4.1.

! Info Screens: Provides a read only display of current parameter values.

Available at all access levels.

! Unit Control: Enables to access general operations, such as resetting the

unit, reverting to factory default parameters, changing passwords and
switching between software versions. Available at the Installer and
Administrator access levels.

! Basic Configuration: Enables to access the set of parameters that are

configured during the installation process. These parameters are also
available in the Advanced Configuration menu. Available at the Installer and
Administrator access levels.

! Site Survey: Enables to activate certain tests and view various system
counters. Available at the Installer and Administrator access levels.

! Advanced Configuration: Enables to access all system parameters, including

the Basic Configuration parameters. Available only at the Administrator access
level.

4.2.2 Info Screens Menu

The Info Screens menu enables you to view the current values of various
parameter sets. The parameter sets are identical to the main parameter groups in
the configuration menus. You can view a specific parameter set or choose to view
all parameters at once. While this menu is available at all access levels, some
security related parameters including the encryption Keys, ESSID and Operator
ESSID are only displayed to users with Administrator access rights.

The Info Screens menu includes the following options:

! Show Unit Status

! Show Basic Configuration

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! Show Advanced Configuration

! Show Country Dependent Parameters

! Show All Parameters

[Link] Show Unit Status

The Show Unit Status menu is a read only menu that displays the current values
of the following parameters:

! Unit Name: As defined in the Unit Control menu.

! Unit Type: Identifies the unit's function: AU-BS (a modular access unit), AU-
SA (a stand-alone access unit), SU-3-1D (a subscriber unit that supports a
gross CPE rate of 3 Mbps and a single Ethernet device), SU-6-1D (a
subscriber unit that supports a gross CPE rate of 6 Mbps and a single
Ethernet device), SU-6-BD (a subscriber unit that supports a gross CPE rate
of 6 Mbps and a full LAN), or SU-54-BD (a subscriber unit that supports a
gross CPE rate of 54 Mbps and a full LAN).

! Unit MAC Address: The unit's unique IEEE MAC address.

! Current Number of Associations (AU only): The total number of SUs

associated with this AU. This number may include units that are not
currently active as there is no aging algorithm for associated SUs.

NOTE
An SU is only removed from the list of associated SUs under the following conditions:

! A SNAP frame is received from another AU indicating that the SU is now associated with the
other AU.

! The SU failed to respond to a certain number of consecutive frames transmitted by the AU and
is considered to have "aged out".

! Number of Associations Since Last Reset: For SUs - displays the total
number of associations with any AU since the last reset, including duplicate
associations with the same AU. For AUs - displays the number of SUs that
have associated with the AU since the last reset, including duplicate
associations with the same SU.

! Unit Status (SU only): The current status of the SU. There are two status
options:

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" SCANNING: The SU is searching for an AU with which to associate. If the

DFS Option is enabled and the SU is currently looking for its previous AU,
the AU’s MAC Address will be displayed.

" ASSOCIATED: The SU is associated with an AU.

! AU MAC Address (SU only): The MAC address of the AU with which the unit
is currently associated. If the unit is not associated with any AU, the address
defaults to the IEEE broadcast address, which is FF-FF-FF-FF-FF-FF.

! Unit Hardware Version: The version of the outdoor unit hardware.

! Unit BOOT Version: The version of the BOOT SW.

! Time Since Last Reset

! Flash Versions:

" Running from: Shows whether the unit is running from the Main or from
the Shadow Version.

" Main Version File Name: The name of the compressed file (with a “.bz”
extension) of the version currently defined as the main version.

" Main Version Number: The software version currently defined as the main
version.

" Shadow Version File Name: The name of the compressed file (with a “.bz”
extension) of the version currently defined as the shadow (backup) version.

" Shadow Version Number: The software version currently defined as the
shadow (backup) version.

! Radio Band: The radio band of the unit.

! Log Out Timer: The value of the Log Out Timer as defined in the Unit Control
menu.

! Ethernet Port Negotiation Mode: The Ethernet port negotiation mode as

defined in the Unit Control menu.

! Ethernet Port State: The actual state of the Ethernet port.

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! FTP Parameters: General FTP parameters (common to SW Version Download,

Configuration File Upload/Download and Event File Upload using FTP):

" FTP Client IP Address

" FTP Client IP Mask

" FTP Server IP Address

" FTP Gateway IP Address

" FTP User Name

" FTP Password

! FTP Software Download Parameters: The parameters for SW download

using FTP, as defined in Unit Control menu.

" FTP Source Directory

" FTP SW Version File Name

! Configuration File Download/Upload Parameters: The parameters for

Configuration file upload/download using FTP, as defined in the Unit Control
menu.

" Configuration File Name

" Configuration File Source Directory

" Operator Defaults File Name

! FTP Log File Upload Parameters: The parameters for Event Log file upload
using FTP, as defined in the Unit Control menu.

" FTP Log File Name

" FTP Log File Destination Directory

! Event Log Policy

[Link] Show Basic Configuration

The Show Basic Configuration menu is a read only menu that displays the
current values of the parameters included in the Basic Configuration menu.

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[Link] Show Advanced Configuration

The Show Advanced Configuration menu enables to access the read only sub
menus that display the current values of the parameters included in the
applicable sub menus of the Advanced Configuration menu.

[Link] Show Country Dependent Parameters

Each country has its radio regulation regarding transmissions in the applicable
bands that affect parameters such as available frequencies, bandwidth, transmit
power, etc. Some other parameters and options may also vary among countries.
For each country, one or more sets of parameters are pre-configured in the
factory. If more than one set is available, the set to be used can be selected. The
Show Country Dependent Parameters displays the available set(s) of these
parameters, and includes the following:

! Country Code: The up to 3 digits country code according to ISO 3166 and the
country name. Some regulatory requirements apply to more than one country.
In these cases the Country Code includes a 4 digits proprietary group code
and the Country Group name (for example FCC).

! Data Encryption Support: Indicates whether data encryption is supported

for the applicable country.

! AES Encryption Support: Indicates whether encryption using AES is

supported for the applicable country.

! Authentication Encryption Support: Indicates whether authentication

encryption is supported for the applicable country.

For each of the available sets (Sub-Bands), the following information is provided:

! Sub-Band ID and Frequencies

! Allowed Bandwidth: If more than one bandwidth is allowed, then each

bandwidth is associated with a different sub-band, as the bandwidth may
affect the available frequencies.

! Regulation Max Tx Power at Antenna Port: The maximum transmit power

allowed at the antenna port of the unit.

! Regulation Max EIRP: The maximum allowed EIRP (Effective Isotropic

Radiated Power) in dBm, or No Limit.

! Min Modulation Level: The lowest allowed modulation level.

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! Max Modulation Level: The highest allowed modulation level.

! Burst Mode: Indicates whether Burst Mode operation is allowed.

! Maximum Burst Duration: If Burst Mode is allowed, this parameter displays

the upper limit for the Maximum Burst Duration.

! DFS Option: Indicates whether the DFS (Dynamic Frequency Selection)

mechanism for identification and avoidance of channels with radar activity is
supported.

! Minimum HW Revision Support: The minimum HW revision required to

support the Sub-Band.

New Country Code files can be uploaded remotely using TFTP (see Appendix B).

[Link] Show All Parameters

The Show All Parameters menu is a read only menu that displays the current
values of all status and configuration parameters.

NOTE
The values of some security related parameters, including the encryption Keys, ESSID and
Operator ESSID, are available only with Administrator access rights.

4.2.3 Unit Control Menu

The Unit Control menu enables configuring control parameters for the unit. The
Unit Control menu includes the following options:

! Reset Unit

! Default Settings

! Change Unit Name

! Change Password

! Flash Memory Control

! SW Version Download

! Configuration File Upload/Download

! Log Out Timer

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! Ethernet Port Negotiation Mode

! Change System Location

! Event Log Menu

! Feature Upgrade

[Link] Reset Unit

The Reset Unit option enables resetting the unit. After reset, any modifications
made to the system parameters are applied.

[Link] Default Settings

The Set defaults submenu enables resetting the system parameters to a
predefined set of defaults or saving the current configuration as the set of
Operator Defaults.

The Default Setting options are available only to users with Administrator access
rights.

The available options are:

! Set Defaults

! Save Current Configuration As Operator Defaults

[Link].1 Set Defaults

The Set Defaults submenu enables reverting the system parameters to a
predefined set of defaults. There are two sets of default configurations:

A Factory Defaults: This is the standard default configuration.

B Operator Defaults: Operator Defaults configuration can be defined by the

Administrator using the Save Current Configuration As Operator Defaults
option in this menu. It may also be defined at the factory according to specific
operator's definition. The default Operator Defaults configuration is the
Factory Defaults configuration.

The current configuration file and the Operator Defaults configuration file can be
uploaded/downloaded by the unit using FTP. For more information, see section
[Link] option. These files can also be uploaded/downloaded remotely using TFTP
(see Appendix B).

The available options in the Set Defaults submenu are:

! Set Complete Factory Defaults

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! Set Partial Factory Defaults

! Set Complete Operator Defaults

! Set Partial Operator Defaults

! Cancel Current Pending Request

[Link].1.1 Set Complete Factory Defaults

Select this option to reset the unit to the standard Factory Defaults configuration,
excluding several parameters that are listed in Table 4-2.

Table 4-2: Parameters not reset after Set Complete Factory/Operator Defaults

Parameters Group Parameter

Unit Control Parameters All Passwords

FTP Server IP address* (see note below)

FTP Gateway IP address* (see note below)

FTP Client IP address* (see note below)

FTP Client IP Mask* (see note below)

FTP User Name* (see note below)

FTP Password* (see note below)

Ethernet Port Negotiation Mode

Air Interface Parameters Selected Sub-Band

Frequency (AU)

DFS Option (AU)

Frequency Subset (AU)

Antenna Gain (AU)

NOTE
The FTP parameters are not set to their default values after Set Complete Operator Defaults.
However, they are set to their default value after Set Complete Factory Defaults. Note that in this
case they are set to the default values immediately upon selecting the Set Complete Factory
Default option (even before the next reset).

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[Link].1.2 Set Partial Factory Defaults

Select this option to reset the unit to the standard Factory Default configuration,
excluding the parameters that are required to maintain connectivity and
management access. The parameters that do not change after Set Partial Factory
Defaults are listed in Table 4-3.

Table 4-3: Parameters that are not reset after Set Partial Factory/Operator Defaults

Parameters Group Parameter

Unit Control parameters Passwords

Ethernet Port Negotiation Mode

FTP Server IP address

FTP Gateway IP Address

FTP Client IP address

FTP Client IP Mask

FTP User Name

FTP Password

IP Parameters IP Address

Subnet Mask

Default Gateway Address

DHCP Option

Access to DHCP

Security Parameters Authentication Algorithm

Default Key (SU)

Data Encryption Mode

Default Multicast Key (AU)

Security Mode

Key # 1 to Key # 4

Air Interface Parameters ESSID

Operator ESSID Option (AU)

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Table 4-3: Parameters that are not reset after Set Partial Factory/Operator Defaults

Parameters Group Parameter

Operator ESSID (AU)

Cell Distance Mode (AU)

Maximum Cell Distance (AU)

Selected Sub-Band

Frequency (AU)

DFS Option (AU)

SU Waiting Option (AU)

Channel Reuse Option (AU)

Radar Activity Assessment Period (AU)

Maximum Number of Detections in

Assessment Period (AU)

Frequency Subset

ATPC Option (AU)

Transmit Power

Tx Control (AU)

Best AU Support (SU)

Preferred AU MAC Address (SU)

Performance Parameters Adaptive Modulation Decision Thresholds

Bridge Parameters VLAN ID – Management

MAC Address Deny List (AU)

[Link].1.3 Set Complete Operators Defaults

Select this option to reset the unit to the Operator Defaults configuration,
excluding several parameters that are listed in Table 4-2.

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[Link].1.4 Set Partial Operator Defaults

Select this option to reset the unit to the Operator Defaults configuration,
excluding the parameters that are required to maintain connectivity and
management access. The parameters that do not change after Set Partial
Operator Defaults are listed in Table 4-3.

[Link].1.5 Cancel Current Pending Request

After selecting one of the Set defaults options, it will be executed after the next
reset. This option enables you to change your mind and cancel the pending
request before execution (provided the unit has not been reset yet).

[Link].2 Save Current Configuration As Operator Defaults

The Save Current Configuration As Operator Defaults enables defining the
current configuration of the unit as the Operator Defaults configuration.

[Link] Change Unit Name

The Change Unit Name option enables changing the name of the unit, which is
also the system's name in the MIB2. The name of the unit is also used as the
prompt at the bottom of each Monitor window.

Valid values: A string of up to 32 printable ASCII characters.

The default unit name is an empty string.

[Link] Change Password

The Change Password submenu enables changing the access password(s). The
Change Password submenu is available only to users with Administrator access
rights.

Valid values: A string of up to 8 printable ASCII characters.

Refer to section 4.1 for a list of the default passwords for each of the access
levels.

[Link] Flash Memory Control

The Flash Memory Control submenu enables selecting the active software version
for the unit.

The flash memory can store two software versions. One version is called Main and
the other is called Shadow. New software versions are loaded as the shadow
version. You can select the shadow version as the new active version by selecting
Reset and Boot from Shadow Version. However, after the next reset, the main
version is re-activated. To continue using the currently active version after the
next reset, select Use Running Version After Reset: The previous shadow
version will be the new main version, and vice versa.

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The parameters configured in the unit are not changed as a result of loading new
software versions unless the new version includes additional parameters or
additional changes in the list of parameters. New parameters are loaded with
their default values.

Select from the following options:

! Reset and Boot from Shadow Version: Activates the shadow (backup)
software version. The unit is reset automatically. Following the next reset the
unit will switch to the main version.

! Use Running Version After Reset: Defines the current running version as
the new main version. This version will also be used following the next reset.

[Link] SW Version Download

The SW Version Download submenu enables the optional downloading of a SW
Version file from a remote FTP server. The SW Version Download submenu
includes the following options:

! Execute FTP GET SW Version: The Execute FTP GET SW Version option
executes the SW Version FTP download according to the parameters defined
below.

! FTP SW Source Dir: The FTP SW Source Dir option enables defining the
source directory of the SW version file.

Valid values: A string of up to 80 printable ASCII characters. To clear the field

press "."

The default is an empty string.

! FTP SW Version File Name: The FTP SW Version File Name option enables
defining the name of the SW version file in the FTP server.

Valid values: A string of up to 20 printable ASCII characters. An empty string

is not allowed.

The default is [Link].

! FTP Client IP Address: The FTP Client IP Address option enables defining the
IP address of the FTP client in the unit. This secondary IP address is required
only to support the optional FTP process.

The default is: [Link]

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! FTP Client IP Mask: The FTP Client IP Mask option enables defining the IP
Mask for the FTP client mask in the unit.

The default is: [Link]

! FTP Server IP Address: The FTP Server IP Address option enables defining
the IP address of the FTP server that is hosting the SW Version file.

The default is: [Link].

! FTP Gateway IP Address: The FTP Gateway IP Address option enables

defining the FTP default gateway address.

The default is: [Link].

! FTP User Name: The FTP User Name option enables defining the user name
to be used for accessing the FTP server that is hosting the SW Version file.

Valid values: A string of up to 18 printable ASCII characters.

The default is: vx

! FTP Password: The FTP Password option enables defining the password to be
used for accessing the FTP server that is hosting the SW Version file.

Valid values: A string of up to 18 printable ASCII characters.

The default is: vx

! Show SW Version Download Parameters and Status: Displays the current

values of the SW Version Download parameters, the current SW version and
the SW versions stored in the Flash memory.

NOTE
There is one set of general FTP parameters (FTP Server IP Address, FTP Gateway IP Address,
FTP Client IP Address, FTP Client IP Mask, FTP User Name and FTP Password). This set (or
relevant parts of the set) serves the SW Download Procedure, the Configuration File
Upload/Download procedure and the Event Log File Upload procedure. Changing any of these
parameters in the menu for any procedure will automatically change its value in the menu for the
other procedures.

[Link] Configuration File Upload/Download

The Configuration File Upload/Download submenu enables the optional
uploading or downloading of a configuration or an Operator Defaults file from a
remote FTP server. The Configuration File Upload/Download submenu includes
the following options:

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! Execute FTP GET/PUT Configuration File: The Execute FTP GET/PUT

Configuration File executes the upload/download of a Configuration file or an
Operator Defaults file according to the parameters defined below. The
following options are available:

" Execute FTP Get Configuration File (cfg)

" Execute FTP Put Configuration File (cfg)

" Execute FTP Get Operator Defaults File (cmr)

" Execute FTP Put Operator Defaults File (cmr)

! FTP Configuration File Source Dir: The FTP Configuration File Source Dir
option enables defining the source directory of the configuration/Operator
Defaults file.

Valid values: A string of up to 80 printable ASCII characters. To clear the field

press "."

The default is an empty string.

! Configuration File FTP File Name: The Configuration File FTP File Name
option enables defining the name of the configuration file to be
uploaded/downloaded.

Valid values: A string of up to 20 printable ASCII characters. An empty string

is not allowed.

The default is [Link].

! Operator Defaults FTP File Name: The Operator Defaults File Name option
enables defining the name of the Operator Defaults file to be
uploaded/downloaded.

Valid values: A string of up to 20 printable ASCII characters. An empty string

is not allowed.

The default is [Link].

! FTP Client IP Address: The FTP Client IP Address option enables defining the
IP address of the FTP client in the unit. This secondary IP address is required
only to support the optional FTP process.

The default is: [Link]

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! FTP Client IP Mask: The FTP Client IP Mask option enables defining the IP
Mask for the FTP client mask in the unit.

The default is: [Link]

! FTP Server IP Address: The FTP Host IP Address option enables defining the
IP address of the FTP server that is hosting the file.

The default is: [Link]

! FTP Gateway IP Address: The FTP Gateway IP Address option enables

defining the FTP default gateway address.

The default is: [Link].

! FTP User Name: The FTP User Name option enables defining the user name
to be used for accessing the FTP server that is hosting the file.

Valid values: A string of up to 18 printable ASCII characters.

The default is: vx

! FTP Password: The FTP Password option enables defining the password to be
used for accessing the FTP server that is hosting the file.

Valid values: A string of up to 18 printable ASCII characters.

The default is: vx

! Show Configuration File Upload/Download Parameters: Displays the

current values of the Configuration File Upload/Download parameters.

NOTE
There is one set of general FTP parameters (FTP Server IP Address, FTP Gateway IP Address,
FTP Client IP Address, FTP Client IP Mask, FTP User Name and FTP Password). This set (or
relevant parts of the set) serves the SW Download procedure, the Configuration File
Upload/Download procedure and the Event Log File Upload procedure. Changing any of these
parameters in the menu for either procedure will automatically change its value in the menu for the
other procedures.

[Link] Log Out Timer

The Log Out Timer parameter determines the amount of inactive time following
which the unit automatically exits the Monitor program.

The time out duration can range from 1 to 999 minutes.

The default value is 5 minutes.

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[Link] Ethernet Port Negotiation Mode

The Ethernet Port Negotiation Mode submenu displays the current Ethernet port
state and enables defining the negotiation mode of the Ethernet port. The
available options are:

! Force 10 Mbps and Half-Duplex

! Force 10 Mbps and Full-Duplex

! Force 100 Mbps and Half-Duplex

! Force 100 Mbps and Full-Duplex

! Auto Negotiation (10/100 Mbps and Half/Full Duplex)

The default is Auto Negotiation (10/100 Mbps and Half/Full Duplex)

[Link] Change System Location

The Change System Location option enables changing the system location of the
unit, which is also the sys location in MIB2. The System Location is also
displayed as a part of the Monitor menu’s header.

Valid values: A string of up to 35 printable ASCII characters.

The default system location is an empty string.

[Link] Event Log Menu

The Event Log Menu enables controlling the event log feature. The event log is an
important debugging tool and a flash memory sector is dedicated for storing it.
Events are classified according to their severity level: Message (lowest severity),
Warning, Error or Fatal (highest severity).

The severity at which events are saved in the Event Log is configurable. Events
from the configured severity and higher are saved and may be displayed upon
request. Log history can be displayed up to the full number of current active
events. In the log, an event is defined as active as long as it has not been erased
(a maximum of 1000 events may be stored). The Event Log may be read using
TFTP, with remote file name <SNMP Read Community>.log (the default SNMP
Read Community is “public”). The Event Log may also be uploaded to a remote
FTP server.

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The Event Log Menu includes the following options:

! Event Log Policy

! Display Event Log

! Erase Event Log

! Event Load Upload

[Link].1 Event Log Policy

The Event Log Policy determines the minimal severity level. All events whose
severity is equal to or higher than the defined severity are logged.

Valid values are: Message (MSG) Level, Warning (WRN) Level, Error (ERR) Level,
Fatal (FTL) Level, Log None.

The default selection is Warning Level severity.

[Link].2 Display Event Log

The Display Event Log option enables viewing how many events are logged and
selecting the number of events to be displayed (up to 1000). The display of each
event includes the event time (elapsed time since last reset), the severity level and
a message string. The events are displayed in descending order, with the most
recent event displayed first.

[Link].3 Erase Event Log

The Erase Event Log option enables clearing the event log.

[Link].4 Event Log Upload

The Event Log Upload submenu enables the optional uploading of the event log
file to a remote FTP server. The Event Log Upload submenu includes the following
options:

! FTP Event Log Upload Execute: The FTP event Log Upload Execute executes
the upload of the Event Log file according to the parameters defined below.

! Event Log Destination Directory: The Event Log Destination Directory

enables defining the destination directory for the Event Log File.

Valid values: A string of up to 80 printable ASCII characters. To clear the field

press "."

The default is an empty string.

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! Event Log File Name: The Event Log File Name option enables defining the
name of the event log file to be uploaded.

Valid values: A string of up to 20 printable ASCII characters.

The default is [Link].

! FTP Server IP Address: The FTP Host IP Address option enables defining the
IP address of the FTP server that is hosting the file.

The default is: [Link]

! FTP Gateway IP Address: The FTP Gateway IP Address option enables

defining the FTP default gateway address.

The default is: [Link].

! FTP User Name: The FTP User Name option enables defining the user name
to be used for accessing the FTP server that is hosting the file.

Valid values: A string of up to 18 printable ASCII characters.

The default is: vx

! FTP Password: The FTP Password option enables defining the password to be
used for accessing the FTP server that is hosting the file.

Valid values: A string of up to 18 printable ASCII characters.

The default is: vx

! Show FTP Event Log File Upload Parameters: Displays the current values
of the Event Log Upload parameters.

NOTE
There is one set of general FTP parameters (FTP Server IP Address, FTP Gateway IP Address,
FTP Client IP Address, FTP Client IP Mask, FTP User Name and FTP Password). This set (or
relevant parts of the set) serves the SW Download procedure, the Configuration File
Upload/Download procedure and the Event Log File Upload procedure. Changing any of these
parameters in the menu for either procedure will automatically change its value in the menu for the
other procedures.

[Link] Feature Upgrade

The Feature Upgrade option enables to enter a license string for upgrading the
unit to support new features and/or options. Upon selecting the Manual Feature
Upgrade option the user will be requested to enter the license string. Each license

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 Menus and Parameters

string is associated with a unique MAC Address and one feature/option. If the
encrypted MAC Address in the license string does not match the unit’s MAC
Address, the string will be rejected. If there is a match, a message notifying of the
new feature/option will be displayed. The unit must be reset for the change to
take effect.

The license string should comprise 32 to 64 hexadecimal digits.

New Feature License files can be uploaded remotely using TFTP (see Appendix B).

4.2.4 Basic Configuration Menu

The Basic Configuration menu includes all parameters required for the initial
installation and operation of the unit. After the unit is properly installed and
operational, additional parameters can be configured either locally or remotely
using Telnet or SNMP management.

NOTE
All parameters in the Basic Configuration menu are also available in the relevant sub menus of the
Advanced Configuration menu.

The Basic Configuration menu enables to access the following parameter sets:

[Link].1 IP Parameters

! IP Address

! Subnet Mask

! Default Gateway Address

! DHCP Client

" DHCP Option

" Access to DHCP

Refer to section [Link] for a description of these parameters.

[Link].2 Air Interface Parameters

! ESSID

! Operator ESSID Parameters (AU)

" Operator ESSID Option

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" Operator ESSID

! Frequency Definition

" Select Sub-Band (if more than one is available)

" Frequency (AU)

" Sub-Band Definition

! Best AU Parameters (SU)

" Best AU Support

" Preferred AU MAC Address

! Cell Distance Parameters

" Cell Distance Mode (AU)

" Maximum Cell Distance (AU)

! ATPC

" ATPC Option

! Transmit Power parameters

! Maximum Transmit Power parameters (SU)

! Tx Control (AU)

! Antenna Gain (AU)

Refer to section [Link] for a description of these parameters.

[Link].3 Performance Parameters

! Maximum Modulation Level (SU)

Refer to section [Link] for a description of these parameters.

[Link].4 Bridge Parameters

! VLAN ID – Management

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! MAC Address Deny List

Refer to section [Link] for a description of these parameters.

[Link].5 Security Parameters

! Authentication Algorithm

! Data Encryption Option

! Security Mode

! Default Multicast Key (AU)

! Default Key (SU)

! Key 1 to Key 4

! Promiscuous Authentication (AU)

Some or all of the security parameters may not be available in units that do not
support the applicable features. Refer to section [Link] for a description of these
parameters.

4.2.5 Site Survey Menu

The Site Survey menu displays the results of various tests and counters for
verifying the quality of the wireless link. These tests can be used to help
determine where to position the units for optimal coverage, antenna alignment
and troubleshooting. The counters can serve for evaluating performance and
identifying potential problems. In the AU, there is also an extensive database for
all SUs served by it.

The Site Survey menu includes the following options:

! Traffic Statistics

! Ping Test

! Continuous Link Quality display (SU only)

! MAC Address Database

! Per Modulation Level Counters

! Link Capability

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[Link] Traffic Statistics

The traffic statistics are used to monitor, interpret and analyze the performance
of the wired and wireless links. The counters display statistics relating to wireless
link and Ethernet frames. The Traffic Statistics menu includes the following
options:

! Display Counters: Select this option to display the current value of the
Ethernet and wireless link (WLAN) counters.

! Reset Counters: Select this option to reset the counters.

[Link].1 Ethernet Counters

The unit receives Ethernet frames from its Ethernet port and forwards the frames
to its internal bridge, which determines whether each frame should be
transmitted to the wireless medium. Frames discarded by the unit's hardware
filter are not counted by the Ethernet counters. The maximum length of a regular
IEEE 802.1 Ethernet frame that can be accepted from the Ethernet port is 1518
bytes. For tagged IEEE 802.1Q frames the maximum size is 1522 bytes.

The unit transmits valid data frames received from the wireless medium to the
Ethernet port, as well as internally generated frames, such as responses to
management queries and pings received via the Ethernet port.

The Ethernet Counters include the following statistics:

! Total received frames via Ethernet: The total number of frames received
from the Ethernet port. This counter includes both invalid frames (with errors)
and valid frames (without errors).

! Transmitted wireless to Ethernet: The number of frames transmitted by the

unit to the Ethernet port. These are generally frames received from the
wireless side, but also include frames generated by the unit itself.

[Link].2 WLAN Counters

The unit submits data frames received from the Ethernet port to the internal
bridge, as well as self generated control and wireless management frames. After a
unicast data frame is transmitted, the unit waits for an acknowledgement (ACK)
message from the receiving unit. Some control and wireless management frames,
as well as broadcast and multicast frames sent to more than one unit, are not
acknowledged. If an ACK is not received after a predefined time, which is
determined by the Maximum Cell distance parameter, the unit retransmits the
frame until an ACK is received. If an ACK is not received before the number of
retransmissions has reached a maximum predefined number, which is
determined by the Number of HW Retries parameter, the frame is dropped.

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Each packet to be transmitted to the wireless link is transferred to one of three

queues: Low, Medium and High. Packets in the High queue have the highest
priority for transmission, and those in the Low queue have the lowest priority.
The packets in the High queue will be transmitted first. When this queue is
emptied, the packets in the Medium queue will be sent. Finally, when both the
High and Medium queues are empty, the packets in the Low queue will be sent.

Data packets are routed to either the High or Low queue, according to the queue
selected for them before the MIR/CIR mechanism (for more information see
section [Link].3).

Broadcasts/multicasts are routed to the Medium queue (applicable only for AU).

Control and wireless management frames generated in the unit are routed to the
High queue.

Any frame coming from the Ethernet port, which is meant to reach another
NetLink III unit via the wireless port (as opposed to messages intended for
stations behind other NetLink III units), is sent to the High queue, regardless of
the priority configuration.

The Wireless Link Counters include the following statistics:

! Total transmitted frames to wireless: The number of frames transmitted to

the wireless medium. The total includes one count for each successfully
transmitted unicast frame (excluding retransmissions), and the number of
transmitted multicast and broadcast frames, including control and wireless
management frames. In the AU, there are also separate counters for the
following:

" Beacons (AU only)

" Management and Other Data frames, including successfully transmitted

unicast frames and multicast/broadcast data frames (excluding
retransmissions, excluding Beacons in AU)

! Total Transmitted Unicasts (AU only): The number of unicast frames

successfully transmitted to the wireless medium, excluding retransmissions.
This count is useful for calculating the rates of retransmissions or dropped
frames, as only unicast frames are retransmitted if not acknowledged.

! Total submitted frames (bridge): The total number of data frames submitted
to the internal bridge for transmission to the wireless medium. The count
does not include control and wireless management frames, or
retransmissions. There are also separate counts for each priority queue
through which the frames were routed (High, Mid and Low).

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! Frames dropped (too many retries): The number of dropped frames, which
are unsuccessfully retransmitted without being acknowledged until the
maximum permitted number of retransmissions. This count includes dropped
data frames as well as dropped control and wireless management frames.

! Total retransmitted frames: The total number of retransmissions, including

all unsuccessful transmissions and retransmissions.

! Total transmitted concatenated frames: The total number of concatenated

frames transmitted successfully to the wireless medium, excluding
retransmissions. There are also separate counts for concatenated frames that
include one frame (Single), two frames (Double) or more than two frames
(More). For more details refer to section [Link].10.

! Total Tx events: The total number of transmit events. Typically, transmission

events include cases where transmission of a frame was delayed or was
aborted before completion. The following additional counters are displayed to
indicate the reason for and the nature of the event:

" Dropped: The number of dropped frames, which are unsuccessfully

retransmitted without being acknowledged until the maximum permitted
number of retransmissions.

" Underrun: The number of times that transmission of a frame was aborted
because the rate of submitting frames for transmission exceeds the
available transmission capability.

" Others: The number of frames whose transmission was not completed or
delayed due to a problem other than those represented by the other
counters.

! Total received frames from wireless: The total number of frames received
from the wireless medium. The count includes data frames as well as control
and wireless management frames. The count does not include bad frames and
duplicate frames. For a description of these frames, refer to Bad frames
received and Duplicate frames discarded below.

! Total received data frames: The total number of data frames received from
the wireless medium, including duplicate frames. Refer to Duplicate frames
discarded below.

! Total Rx events: The total number of frames that were not received properly.
The following additional counters are displayed to indicate the reason for the
failure:

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" Phy: Applicable only when DFS is enabled. The number of unidentified
signals.

" CRC: The number of frames received from the wireless medium containing
CRC errors.

" Overrun: The number of frames that were discarded because the receive
rate exceeded the processing capability or the capacity of the Ethernet
port.

" Decrypt: The number of frames that were not received properly due to a
problem in the data decryption mechanism.

! Total received concatenated frames: The total number of concatenated

frames received from the wireless medium, including duplicate frames. There
are also separate counts for concatenated frames that include one frame
(Single), two frames (Double) or more than two frames (More). For more details
refer to section [Link].10.

! Bad fragments received: The number of fragments received from the wireless
medium containing CRC errors.

! Duplicate frames discarded: The number of data frames discarded because

multiple copies were received. If an acknowledgement message is not received
by the originating unit, the same data frame can be received more than once.
Although duplicate frames are included in all counters that include data
frames, only the first copy is forwarded to the Ethernet port.

! Internally discarded MIR\CIR: The number of data frames received from the
Ethernet port that were discarded by the MIR/CIR mechanism to avoid
exceeding the maximum permitted information rate.

[Link] Ping Test

The Ping Test submenu is used to control pinging from the unit and includes the
following options:

! Destination IP Address: The destination IP address of the device being

pinged. The default IP address is [Link].

! Number of Pings to Send: The number of ping attempts per session. The
available range is from 0 to 9999. The default value is 1. Select 0 for
continuous pinging.

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! Ping Frame Length: The ping packet size. The available range is from 60 to
1472 bytes. The default value is 64 bytes.

! Ping Frame Timeout: The ping frame timeout, which is the amount of time
(in ms) between ping attempts. The available range is from 100 to 60,000 ms.
The default value is 200 ms.

! Start Sending: Starts the transmission of ping frames.

! Stop Sending: Stops the transmission of ping frames. The test is

automatically ended when the number of pings has reached the value
specified in the No. of Pings parameter, described above. The Stop Sending
option can be used to end the test before completing the specified number of
pings, or if continuous pinging is selected.

! Show Ping Test Values: Displays the current values of the ping test
parameters, the transmission status, which means whether it is currently
sending or not sending pings, the number of pings sent, and the number of
pings received, which means the number of acknowledged frames.

[Link] Link Quality (SU only)

The Link Quality submenu enables viewing continuously updated information on
the quality of the wireless link. The Link quality submenu includes the following
options:

[Link].1 Continuous Average SNR Display

The Continuous Average SNR Display option displays continuously updated
information regarding the average quality of the received signal, using Signal to
Noise Ratio (SNR) measurements.

Click the Esc key to abort the test.

[Link].2 Continuous UpLink Quality Indicator Display

The Continuous UpLink Quality Indicator Display option displays continuously
updated information regarding the average quality of the wireless link to the AU,
using the dynamically updated average modulation level measurements. The Link
Quality Indicator (LQI) calculation is performed using the formula:

LQI = (0.9 x ”Previous LQI”) + (0.1 x ”Last Successful Modulation Level”).

Each successful transmit will be included in this average, by using the

modulation level in which the frame was successfully transmitted as the “Last
Successful Modulation Level”.

In order to receive quick and reliable LQI measurements, there should be

sufficient traffic between the SU and the AU. It is recommended to have traffic of

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at least 100 packets per second. The traffic can be generated either by an
external utility (FTP session, ping generator, etc.) or by the Ping Test option in the
Site Survey menu with the appropriate settings (see section [Link]).

NOTE
If Limited Test is indicated next to the LQI results, it means that the results may not indicate the true
quality as not all modulation levels from 1 to 8 are available. The limitation may be due to the HW of
the unit (HW Revision A), or the applicable parameters in the country code, or the configurable
Maximum Modulation Level parameter.

Click the Esc key to abort the test.

[Link] MAC Address Database

The MAC Address Database submenu includes the following options:

! MAC Address Database in AU

! MAC Address Database in SU

[Link].1 MAC Address Database in AU

The MAC Address Database option in the AU displays information regarding the
Subscriber Units associated with the AU, as well as bridging (forwarding)
information. The following options are available:

! Display Bridging and Association Info: The Display Bridging and

Association Info option displays a list of all the Subscriber Units and stations
in the AU's Forwarding Database. For stations behind an SU, the SU's MAC
address is also displayed (SU Address).

Each MAC address entry is followed by a description, which may include the
following:

" Et (Ethernet): An address learned from the Ethernet port.

" Vp (Virtual port): An address of a node behind an associated SU. For

these addresses, learned from the wireless port, the address of the
applicable SU is also displayed (in parenthesis).

" St (Static): An associated SU. For these entries, the following details are
also displayed: SU Unit Name, SU SW version, SU Unit Type and SU’s
Distance from the AU.

" X: An SU that is included in the Deny List.

" Sp (Special): 7 addresses that are always present, including:

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" The MAC address of the AU, which appears twice as it is learned from
both the Ethernet and wireless ports.

" The MAC address of the internal Operating System stack, which also
appears twice.

" Nera Networks's Multicast address (01-20-D6-00-00-01, which also

appears twice. The system treats this address as a Broadcast address.

" The Ethernet Broadcast address (FF-FF-FF-FF-FF-FF).

In addition, a summary table displays information about the Forwarding

Database (Bridging Info) and the Associated Subscriber Units Database
(Association Info). Each database includes the following information:

" The current number of entries. For Bridging Info this includes the Et
(Ethernet) and the Vp (Virtual ports) entries. For Association Info this is
the number of the currently associated SUs.

NOTE
There is no aging algorithm for associated SUs. An SU is only removed from the list of associated
SUs under the following conditions:

! A SNAP frame is received from another AU indicating that the SU is now associated with the
other AU.

! The SU failed to respond to 50 consecutive frames transmitted by the AU and is considered to

have "aged out".

" The aging time specified for entries in these tables. The aging time for
Bridging Info is as specified by the Bridge Aging Time parameter. The
default is 300 seconds. There is no aging time for Association Info entries.

" The maximum number of entries permitted for these tables, which are
1017 (1024 minus the number of special Sp addresses as defined above)
for Bridging Info and as specified by the Maximum Number of
Associations parameter for Association Info. The default value of the
Maximum Number of Associations parameter is 512.

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NOTE
When Data Encryption is enabled, the actual maximum number of associations is limited to 124.
The displayed number is the value configured for the Maximum Number of Associations parameter,
which might be higher than the actual limit.

! Display Association Info: Displays information regarding the Subscriber

Units associated with the AU. Each list entry includes the following
information:

" The MAC Address of the associated Subscriber Unit

" Age in seconds, indicating the elapsed time since receiving the last packet
from the Subscriber Unit.

" The value configured for the Maximum Modulation Level parameter of the
Subscriber Unit

" The Status of the Subscriber Unit. There are three options:

1 Associated

2 Authenticated

3 Not Authenticated (a temporary status)

The various status states are described below (this is a simplified

description of the association process without the effects of the Best AU
algorithm).

Table 4-4: Authentication and Association Process

Message Direction Status in AU

SU Status: Scanning

A Beacon with correct ESSID AU → SU -

SU Status: Synchronized

Authentication Request SU → AU Not authenticated

Authentication Successful AU → SU Authenticated

SU Status: Authenticated

Association Request SU → AU Authenticated

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Table 4-4: Authentication and Association Process

Message Direction Status in AU

Association Successful AU → SU Associated

SU Status: Associated

ACK SU → AU Associated

Data Traffic SU ↔ AU Associated

" The SNR measured at the SU

" The Unit Name of the SU.

" The SW version of the SU.

" The Unit Type of the SU.

" Distance.

In addition, a summary table displays information about the Forwarding

Database (Bridging Info). The database includes the following information:

" The current number of entries. This is the number of currently associated
SUs.

NOTE
There is no aging algorithm for associated SUs. An SU is only removed from the list of associated
SUs under the following conditions:

! A SNAP frame is received from another AU indicating that the SU is now associated with the
other AU.

! The SU failed to respond to 50 consecutive frames transmitted by the AU and is considered to

have "aged out".

" The aging time specified for entries in these table. There is no aging time
for Association Info entries.

" The maximum number of entries permitted for this table, which is
specified by the Maximum Number of Associations parameter. The
default value of the Maximum Number of Associations parameter is 512.

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! Show MIR/CIR Database: Displays information on the MIR/CIR support for

associated Subscriber Units.

Each entry includes the following information:

" The MAC address of the associated Subscriber Unit

" The values of the MIR and CIR parameters configured in the applicable SU
for the downlink (AU to SU) and for the uplink (SU to AU).

" The value configured in the applicable SU for the Maximum Delay
parameter.

" The maximum data rate of the Subscriber Unit

! Display MAC Pinpoint Table: The MAC Pinpoint table provides for each of
the Ethernet stations (identified by the MAC Address) connected to either the
AU or to any of the SUs served by it, the identity (MAC Address) of the
wireless device to which they are connected.

[Link].2 MAC Address Database in SU

The MAC Address Database option in the SU displays information regarding the
Subscriber Units bridging (forwarding) information. The following option is
available:

! Display Bridging Info: The Display Bridging Info option displays a list of all
the stations in the SU's Forwarding Database.

Each MAC address entry is followed by a description, which may include the
following:

" Et (Ethernet): An address learned from the Ethernet port.

" Wl (Wireless): An address of a node behind the associated AU, learned via
the wireless port.

" Sp (Special): 8 addresses that are always present, including:

" The MAC address of the SU, which appears twice as it is learned from
both the Ethernet and wireless ports.

" The MAC address if the internal Operating System stack, which also
appears twice.

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" Nera Networks's Multicast address (01-20-D6-00-00-01), which also

appears twice. The system treats this address as a Broadcast address.

" Nera Networks's special Multicast address (01-20-D6-00-00-05),

reserved for future use.

" The Ethernet Broadcast address (FF-FF-FF-FF-FF-FF).

In addition, a summary table displays information about the Forwarding

Database (Bridging Info). The summary table includes the current number of
entries, the aging time specified by the Bridge Aging Time parameter and the
maximum number of entries permitted for this table, which is 1016.

[Link] Per Modulation Level Counters

The Per Modulation Level Counters display statistics relating to wireless link
performance at different radio modulation levels. The Per Modulation Level
Counters menu includes the following options:

! Display Counters: Select this option to display the current values of the Per
Modulation Level Counters.

! Reset Counters: Select this option to reset the Per Modulation Level
Counters.

The statistics show the number of frames accumulated in different categories

since the last reset.

For SUs, the Per Modulation Level Counters display the following information for
each modulation level supported by the unit:

! SUCCESS: The total number of successfully transmitted unicasts at the

applicable modulation level.

! FAILED: The total number of failures to successfully transmit unicast frame

during a HW Retry cycle at the applicable modulation level.

In addition, the Average Modulation Level (AML) is also displayed. This is the
average modulation level (rounded to the nearest integer) since the last time the
Per Modulation Level counters were reset. The average is calculated using the
SUCCESS count at each modulation level as weights.

For AUs, the SUCCESS and FAILED counts are provided for each of the
associated SUs, which are identified by their MAC address.

[Link] Link Capability

The Link Capability option provides information on HW and SW capabilities of
relevant units. In an AU, the information provided in the Link Capability reports

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is for all associated SUs. In an SU, the Link Capability reports include
information on all AUs in the neighboring AUs table (all AUs with whom the SU
can communicate).

The Link Capability feature enables to adapt the configuration of the unit
according to the capabilities of other relevant unit(s) to ensure optimal operation.

The Link Capability submenu includes the following options:

[Link].1 Show Link Capability-General

Select this option to view information on general parameters of relevant units. For
each relevant unit, identified by its MAC address, the following details are
displayed:

! HwVer: the hardware version of the unit.

! CpldVer: The version of the Complex Programmable Logic Device (CPLD) used
in the unit. This parameter is available only in AUs, displaying the CPLD
version in the relevant SU.

! Country: The 3 or 4 digits country code supported by the unit.

! SwVer: The SW version used by the unit. This parameter is available only in
SUs, displaying the SW version in the relevant AU.

! BootVer: The Boot Version of the unit. This parameter is available only in
AUs, displaying the Boot version in the relevant SU.

[Link].2 Show Link Capability-Wireless Link Configuration

Select this option to view information on current wireless link parameters of
relevant units. For each relevant unit, identified by its MAC address, the following
details are displayed:

! ATPC Option: Enable or Disable.

! Adaptive Modulation Option: Enable or Disable.

! Burst Mode Option: Enable or Disable.

! DFS Option: Enable or Disable. This parameter is available only in SUs,

displaying the current option in the relevant AU.

! Concatenation Option: Enable or Disable.

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! Country Code Learning by SU: Enable or Disable. This parameter is

available only in SUs, displaying the current option in the relevant AU.

[Link].3 Show Link Capability-Security Configuration

Select this option to view information on current security related parameters of
relevant units. For each relevant unit, identified by its MAC address, the following
details are displayed:

! Security Mode: WEP or AES.

! Authentication Algorithm: Shared Key or Open System.

! Data Encryption Option: Enable or Disable.

[Link].4 Show Link Capability by AU (SU only)

Select this option to view all capabilities information (General, wireless Link
Configuration, Security Configuration) of a selected AU (by its MAC address).

[Link].5 Show Link Capability by SU (AU only)

Select this option to view all capabilities information (General, Wireless Link
Configuration, Security Configuration) of a selected SU (by its MAC address).

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4.2.6 Advanced Configuration Menu

The Advanced Configuration menu provides access to all parameters, including
the parameters available through the Basic Configuration menu.

The Advanced Configuration menu enables accessing the following menus:

! IP Parameters

! Air Interface Parameters

! Network Management Parameters

! Bridge Parameters

! Performance Parameters

! Service Parameters

! Security Parameters

[Link] IP Parameters
The IP Parameters menu enables defining IP parameters for the selected unit and
determining its method of IP parameter acquisition.

The IP Parameters menu includes the following options:

! IP Address

! Subnet Mask

! Default Gateway Address

! DHCP Client

[Link].1 IP Address
The IP Address parameter defines the IP address of the unit.

The default IP address is [Link].

[Link].2 Subnet Mask

The Subnet Mask parameter defines the subnet mask for the IP address of the
unit.

The default mask is [Link].

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[Link].3 Default Gateway Address

The Default Gateway Address parameter defines the IP address of the unit's
default gateway.

The default value for the default gateway address is [Link].

[Link].4 DHCP Client

The DHCP Client submenu includes parameters that define the method of IP
parameters acquisition.

The DHCP Client submenu includes the following options:

! DHCP Option

! Access to DHCP

[Link].4.1 DHCP Option

The DHCP Option displays the current status of the DHCP support, and allows
selecting a new operation mode. Select from the following options:

! Select Disable to configure the IP parameters manually. If this option is

selected, configure the static IP parameters as described above.

! Select DHCP Only to cause the unit to search for and acquire its IP
parameters, including the IP address, subnet mask and default gateway, from
a DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) server only. If this option is
selected, you must select the port(s) through which the unit searches for and
communicates with the DHCP server, as described in section [Link].4.2. You
do not have to configure static IP parameters for the unit. DHCP messages are
handled by the units as management frames.

! Select Automatic to cause the unit to search for a DHCP server and acquire
its IP parameters from the server. If a DCHP server is not located within
approximately 40 seconds, the currently configured parameters are used. If
this option is selected, you must configure the static IP parameters as
described above. In addition, you must select the port(s) through which the
unit searches for and communicates with the DHCP server, as described in
section [Link].4.2.

The default is Disable.

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[Link].4.2 Access to DHCP

The Access to DHCP option enables defining the port through which the unit
searches for and communicates with a DHCP server. Select from the following
options:

! From Wireless Link Only

! From Ethernet Only

! From Both Ethernet and Wireless Link

The default for Access Units is From Ethernet Only. The default for Subscriber
Units is From Wireless Link Only.

[Link].5 Show IP Parameters

The Show IP Parameters option displays the current values of the IP parameters,
including the Run Time IP Address, Run Time Subnet Mask and Run Time
Default Gateway Address.

[Link] Air Interface Parameters

The Air Interface Parameters menu enables viewing the current Air Interface
parameters defined for the unit and configuring new values for each of the
relevant parameters.

[Link].1 Country Code and Sub-Bands

Each country has its own regulations regarding operation modes and parameters
such as allowable frequencies and bandwidth, the need to employ an automatic
mechanism for detection and avoidance of frequencies used by radar systems,
maximum transmit power at each of the supported modulation levels and the
ability to use burst transmissions. To efficiently manage these country dependent
parameters, each unit has a ‘Country Code’ parameter and a set of accompanying
parameters, which depend on this country code. Where more than one set of
parameters can be used, the available sets are defined as Sub-Bands, selectable
through the Frequency configuration menu.

[Link].2 ESSID Parameters

The ESSID (Extended Service Set ID) is a string used to identify a wireless
network and to prevent the unintentional merging of two wireless networks or two
sectors in the same network. Typically, a different ESSID is defined for each AU.
To facilitate easy addition of SUs to an existing network without a prior
knowledge of which specific AU will serve it, and to support the Best AU feature,
a secondary "global" ESSID, namely "Operator ESSID", can be configured in the
AU. If the Operator ESSID Option is enabled at the AU, the Beacon frames
transmitted by it will include both the ESSID and Operator ESSID. The SU shall

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regard such frames if either the ESSID or the Operator ESSID matches it own
ESSID. The ESSID of the AU with which the SU is eventually associated is
defined as the Run-Time ESSID of the SU. Typically, the initial ESSID of the SU
is configured to the value of the Operator ESSID. When the SU has become
associated with a specific AU, its ESSID can be reconfigured to the value of the
ESSID of the AU.

[Link].2.1 ESSID
The ESSID parameter defines the ESSID of the unit.

Valid values: A string of up to 31 printable ASCII characters.

The default value is ESSID1.

NOTE
The ESSID string is case sensitive.

[Link].2.2 Operator ESSID Parameters (AU only)

The Operator ESSID Parameters submenu includes the following parameters:

[Link].2.2.1 Operator ESSID Option

The Operator ESSID Option enables or disables the use of Operator ESSID for
establishing association with SUs.

The default is Enable.

[Link].2.2.2 Operator ESSID

The Operator ESSID parameter defines the Operator ESSID.

Valid values: A string of up to 31 printable ASCII characters.

The default value is ESSID1.

NOTE
The Operator ESSID string is case sensitive.

[Link].3 Frequency Definition Parameters

[Link].3.1 Sub-Bands and Frequency Selection
The parameters that determine the frequency to be used are set in the AU. The
SU should be configured with a minimal set of parameters to ensure that it will
be able to automatically detect and use the frequency used by the AU, including
possible changes in this frequency.

To simplify the installation process the SU scans a definable frequencies subset

after power-up. If the Best AU feature is enabled, the SU will scan the defined

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subset and the operating frequency will be determined by the Best AU

mechanism (including the optional use of the Preferred AU feature). Otherwise
the SU will try to associate with the first AU it finds. If no AU is found, the SU will
start another scanning cycle.

Each unit is delivered with one or more pre-configured Sub-Bands, according to

the country code. These sets of parameters include also the frequencies that can
be used and the bandwidth. If more than one Sub-Band is available, the sub-
band to be used can be selected in both the AU and the SU. If only one Sub-Band
is supported, then the sub-band selection option is not available.

[Link].3.2 Avoiding Frequencies with Radar Activity

In some regions, it is important to ensure that wireless access equipment does
not interfere with certain radar systems in the 5 GHz band. If radar is being
detected, the wireless access network should move automatically to a frequency
that does not interfere with the radar system.

The country dependent set of parameters includes also an indication whether

DFS (Dynamic Frequency Selection) should be used. The DFS algorithm is
designed to detect and avoid operation in channels with radar activity. If the
current sub-band does not support DFS, then the DFS parameters configuration
submenu is not available.

When the DFS Option is enabled, the AU monitors the spectrum continuously,
searching for signals with a specific pattern indication radar activity. Upon
detecting radar activity, the AU immediately stops transmitting on this frequency
and starts looking for another radar-free frequency. The subset of viable
frequencies is configurable.

The AU maintains a continuously updated database of all applicable frequencies,

where each frequency is marked as Radar Free, Radar Detected or Adjacent to
Radar. The AU attempts to check a new frequency only if it is marked as Radar
Free. If a radar activity was detected on a certain frequency, it will be marked in
the database as a Radar Detected frequency. The AU will not attempt to check for
radar activity in frequencies marked as Radar Detected. A certain time after
detecting radar activity on a frequency, it will be removed from the list of Radar
Detected frequencies and will be marked as Radar Free. If radar activity was
detected on a certain frequency, adjacent channels should not be used as well,
according to the bandwidth. For instance, if the bandwidth is 20 MHz, then if
radar activity was detected in 5800 MHz, frequencies 5790 MHz and 5810 MHz
should not be used as well. These frequencies are marked in the database as
Adjacent to Radar, and will be treated the same as Radar Detected frequencies.

Before ceasing transmission on the frequency where radar signals had been
detected, the AU sends a special disassociation message to its associated SUs.
This message includes an indication whether the SUs should wait for this AU. If
the SUs should wait, the message includes also the waiting time. During this

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time each SU searches for the AU in the defined frequencies subset. If the AU was
not found within the waiting time, or if a waiting request was not included in the
message, the SU starts searching for any AU, using the Best AU mechanism if
applicable.

Typically, operators prefer to preserve the original frequency planning and to

avoid moving to a new channel unless they are sure that there is a continuous
radar activity in the original channel. It should be noted that detection of radar
activity does not necessarily indicate a continuous radar activity in the channel.
A channel reuse algorithm enables returning to the original channel under
certain conditions that indicates low radar activity on the channel.

[Link].4 Frequency Definition Submenu in AU

The Frequency Definition submenu in AU includes the following parameters:

[Link].4.1 Sub-Band Select

This parameter is available only if the country code supports two or more Sub-
Bands. For information on how to view the Sub-Bands supported by the unit and
the supported parameters’ values and options, refer to section [Link].

The range depends on the number of Sub-Bands supported by the country code.

The default selection is Sub-Band 1.

[Link].4.2 Frequency
The Frequency parameter defines the transmit/receive frequency when the DFS
Option is not enabled. If the DFS Option is enabled, it sets the initial operational
frequency upon starting the DFS mechanism for the first time.

The range depends on the selected Sub-Band.

The default is the lowest frequency in the Sub-Band.

CAUTION
In units operating in the 5.3 GHz band, the following rules must be met for full compliance with FCC
regulations:

! Frequency channel 5260 MHz should not be used.

! When operating at 5270 MHz, the Transmit Power parameter in the AU, and the Maximum Tx
Power parameter in the SUs served by this AU, should not be set to a value above “17-Antenna
Gain” (The maximum allowed EIRP for 5270 MHz is 17 dBm).

[Link].4.3 DFS Parameters

The DFS Parameters submenu is available only if DFS is supported by the
current Sub-Band. The DFS Parameters submenu includes the following
parameters:

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[Link].4.3.1 DFS Option

The DFS Option enables or disables the radar detection and dynamic frequency
selection mechanism.

The default is Enable.

[Link].4.3.2 Frequency Subset Definition

The Frequency Subset Definition parameter defines the frequencies that will be
used in the DFS mechanism. The available frequencies according to the Sub-
Band are displayed, and each of the frequencies in the list is associated with an
index. The frequencies subset can be defined by entering the indexes of the
required frequencies, or “A” to select all available frequencies.

The default is the complete list of frequencies available in the Sub-Band.

[Link].4.3.3 Channel Check Time

The Channel Check Time defines the time allocated for checking whether there is
a radar activity on a new frequency after power up or after attempting to move to
a new frequency upon detecting radar activity on the previously used frequency.
During this time the AU does not transmit.

The range is 1 to 3600 seconds.

The default is 60 seconds.

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[Link].4.3.4 Channel Avoidance Period

The Channel Avoidance Period defines the time that the frequency will remain
marked in the database as Radar Detected or Adjacent to Radar after detecting
radar activity. These frequencies will not be used when searching for a new
frequency. When this time has elapsed, the unit frequency’s marking will change
to Radar Free.

The range is 1 to 60 minutes.

The default is 30 minutes.

[Link].4.3.5 SU Waiting Option

The SU Waiting Option defines whether the disassociation message sent by the
AU, after detecting radar activity on the current frequency, will include a message
instructing the SU to search only for the AU before attempting to search for
another AU. The message includes also the time period during which the SU
should not search for any other AU. The waiting time is the Channel Check Time
plus 5 seconds.

The default is Enable.

[Link].4.3.6 Minimum Pulses to Detect

The Minimum Pulses to Detect parameter defines the minimum number of radar
pulses that should be detected before reaching a decision that radar is active on
the channel.

The range is from 1 to 100 pulses.

The default is 6 pulses.

[Link].4.3.7 Clear Radar Detected Channels After Reset

When the Clear Radar Detected Channels After Reset is enabled, after the next
reset all viable frequencies will be marked in the database as Radar Free,
including frequencies previously marked as either Radar Detected or Adjacent to
Radar. In addition, the AU will start operation using its default frequency.

The default is Disable.

[Link].4.4 Channel Reuse Parameters (DFS+)

The Channel Reuse algorithm enables returning to the original channel under
certain conditions that indicate low radar activity on the original channel. The
conditions are that radar was detected in this channel not more than N times
(Maximum Number of Detections in Assessment Period) during the last T hours
(Radar Activity Assessment Period). When the Channel Reuse Option is enabled,
then by the end of the Channel Avoidance Period the unit will attempt returning
to the original frequency, provided these conditions are met.

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The Channel Reuse Parameters submenu includes the following options:

! Channel Reuse Option: Enabling/disabling the Channel Reuse algorithm.

The default is Disable.

! Radar Activity Assessment Period: The period in hours used for assessment
of radar activity in the original channel.

The range is 1 to 12 hours.

The default is 5 hours.

! Maximum Number of Detections in Assessment Period: The maximum

number of radar detections in the original channel during the Radar Activity
Assessment Period that is required for reaching a decision to try again the
original channel.

The range is 1 to 10 radar detections.

The default is 5 radar detections.

[Link].4.4.1 Show DFS Settings And Data

Upon selecting the Show DFS Settings and Data, the values of all DFS
parameters and the current operating frequency will be displayed. The current
defined frequency subset as well as the defined subset (to be used after the next
reset) are also displayed. In addition, all the applicable frequencies will be
displayed together with their status in the database (Radar Free, Radar Detected
or Adjacent to Radar).

[Link].4.5 Country Code Learning by SU

This feature support simplified installation and updates processes by enabling
the SU to adapt the Country Code used by the AU.

The AU advertises its country code in every beacon and association response
message. Upon synchronization the SU will check if its country code and the
country code received from the AU are the same. If they are not the same and the
Country Code Learning by SU is enabled, the SU will use the AU’s country code:
the country code derived limitations will be forced and the following parameters
will be set according to new country definitions:

! Maximum TX Power (per modulation level) will be set to the maximum defined
by the country code.

! TX Power (per modulation level) will be set to the maximum defined by the
country code.

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! The Modulation Level will be set to the maximum modulation level defined by
the country code.

! The Multicast Modulation Level will be set to the minimum modulation level
defined by the country code.

! The Burst Mode will be set to enable if the country code supports burst mode,
and the burst duration will be set to default.

After country code learning (adaptation) the unit is automatically reset. Before
this automatic reset, if the unit is running from the shadow version, the versions
must be swapped and the running version must be set as main. This is done to
avoid returning to the previous version, which occurs automatically after the
reset.

The default is Enable.

NOTE
The Country Code Learning by SU feature does not function with the default ESSID (ESSID1).

[Link].4.6 Show Frequency definitions

Upon selecting Show Frequency Definitions, the selected Sub-Band and
Frequency are displayed. In addition, all the parameters displayed upon selecting
Show DFS Settings and Data are also displayed.

[Link].5 Frequency Definition Submenu in SU

[Link].5.1 Sub-Band Select
This parameter is available only if the country code supports two or more Sub-
Bands. For information on how to view the Sub-Bands supported by the unit and
the supported parameters’ values and options, refer to section [Link].

The range depends on the number of Sub-Bands supported by the country code.

The default selection is Sub-Band 1.

NOTE
Certain Sub-Bands (e.g. Sub-Bands with a bandwidth of 10 MHz) are not supported by AUs with
HW Revision B or lower. The SU learns the HW Revision of the AU using the Link Capabilities
exchange feature. These Sub-Bands can be selected in the SU only if the applicable AU can
support them.

[Link].5.2 Frequency Subset Definition

The Frequency Subset Definition parameter defines the frequencies that will be
used by the SU when scanning for an AU. The available frequencies according to
the Sub-Band are displayed, and each of the frequencies in the list is associated

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with an index. The frequencies subset can be defined by entering the indexes of
the required frequencies, or “A” to select all available frequencies.

The default is the complete list of frequencies available in the Sub-Band.

[Link].5.3 Show Frequency Definitions

Upon selecting the Show Frequency Definitions, the selected Sub-Band
parameters and the current operating frequency will be displayed. The current
defined frequency subset as well as the defined subset (to be used after the next
reset) are also displayed.

[Link].6 Best AU Parameters (SU)

An SU that can communicate with more than one AU using the same ESSID may
become associated with the first AU it "finds", not necessarily the best choice in
terms of quality of communication. The same limitation also exists if only one AU
in the neighborhood has an ESSID identical to the one used by the SU, as it is
not always necessarily the best choice.

The topology of a fixed access network is constantly changing. Changes in base

station deployment and subscriber density can accumulate to create substantial
changes in SU performance. The quest for load sharing together with the desire to
create best throughput conditions for the SU created the need for the Best AU
feature, to enable an SU to connect to the best AU in its neighborhood.

When the Best AU feature is used, each of the AUs is given a quality mark based
on the level at which it is received by the SU. The SU scans for a configured
number of cycles, gathering information from all the AUs with which it can
communicate. At the end of the scanning period, the SU reaches a Best AU
decision according to the information gathered. The AU with the highest quality
mark is selected as the Best AU, and the SU will immediately try to associate with
it. The quality mark given to each AU depends on the level at which it is received
by the SU.

The Best AU selection mechanism can be overridden by defining a specific AU as

the preferred AU.

NOTE
Although the SU selects the Best AU based on long-term conditions prior to the decision time, it
may not always be connected to the instantaneous Best AU at any given time. Note also that the
decision is made only once during the scanning interval. The decision may not remain the optimal
one for ever. If there are significant changes in deployment of neighboring AUs and the SUs served
by them, overall performance may be improved if the applicable SUs are reset intentionally so as to
re-initiate the Best AU decision process.

The Best AU Parameters menu includes the following options:

[Link].6.1 Best AU Support

The Best AU Support option enables or disables the Best AU selection feature.

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The default is Disable.

NOTE
If the Best AU feature is not used, the SU associates with the first AU it finds whose ESSID or
Operator ESSID is identical to its own ESSID.

[Link].6.2 Number Of Scanning Attempts

When the Best AU option is enabled, the SU gathers information on neighboring
AUs for approximately 2 seconds on each of the scanned frequencies. The
Number of Scanning Attempts parameter defines the number of times that the
process will be repeated for all relevant frequencies. A higher number may result
in a better decision at the cost of an increased scanning time during which the
SU is not operational.

Valid values: 1 - 255.

Default value: 4.

[Link].6.3 Preferred AU MAC Address

The Preferred AU MAC Address parameter defines a specific AU with which the
SU should associate. Gaining control of the SUs association is a powerful tool in
network management. The Preferred AU MAC Address parameter is intended for
applications where there is a need to dictate the preferred AU with which the SU
should associate. To prevent the SU from associating with the first viable AU it
finds, the Best AU Support mechanism should be enabled. Once the SU has
identified the preferred AU based on its MAC address, it will associate with it and
terminate the scanning process. If the preferred AU is not found, the SU will
associate with an AU according to the decision reached using the best AU
algorithm.

Valid values: A MAC address string.

The default value for the Preferred AU MAC Address is 00-00-00-00-00-00 (12
zeros), meaning that there is no preferred AU.

[Link].6.4 Show Best AU Parameters and Data

The Show Best AU Parameters and Data option displays the applicable
information:

The Neighboring AU Data table displays the following details for each AU with
which the unit can communicate:

! MAC Address

! SNR of the received signal

! Mark - The computed quality mark for the AU.

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! Full - The association load status of the AU. It is defined as full if the number
of SUs associated with the AU has reached the maximum allowed according to
the value of the Maximum Number of Associations parameter. An AU whose
associations load status is full cannot be selected as the Best AU, even if its
computed mark is the highest.

! ESSID - The ESSID of the AU.

In addition to the neighboring AU data table, the following information is

displayed:

! Best AU Support

! Preferred AU MAC Address

! Number of Scanning Attempts

! Associated AU MAC Address (the MAC address of the selected AU)

[Link].7 Scanning Mode (SU only)

The Scanning Mode parameter defines whether the SU will use Passive or Active
scanning when searching for an AU.

In passive scanning, the SU “listens” to the wireless medium for approximately

two seconds at each frequency, searching for beacons. The disassociation period,
which is the time from the moment the link was lost until the SU decides that it
should start searching for another AU, is approximately seven seconds.

In some situations when there is a high probability that SUs might need to roam
among different AUs, the use of active scanning enables to significantly reduce
the link establishment time. This is achieved by using shorter dwell periods,
transmitting a Probe Request at each frequency. This reduces the time spent at
each frequency as well as the disassociation period.

When DFS Option is enabled, Scanning Mode is forced to Passive.

The default selection is Passive.

[Link].8 Power Control Parameters

The Automatic Transmit Power Control (ATPC) algorithm simplifies the
installation process and ensures optimal performance while minimizing
interference to other units. This is achieved by automatically adjusting the power
level transmitted by each SU according to the actual level at which it is received
by the AU. To support proper operation of the system with optimal performance
and minimum interference between neighboring sectors, the ATPC algorithm
should be enabled in all units.

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The algorithm is controlled by the AU that calculates for each received frame the
average SNR at which it receives transmissions from the specific SU. The average
calculation takes into account the previous calculated average, thus reducing the
effect of short temporary changes in link conditions. The weight of history (the
previous value) in the formula used for calculating the average SNR is determined
by a configurable parameter. In addition, the higher the time that has passed
since the last calculation, the lower the impact of history on the calculated
average. If the average SNR is not in the configured target range, the AU
transmits to the SU a power-up or a power-down message. The target is that each
SU will be received at an optimal level, or as high (or low) as possible if the
optimal range cannot be reached because of specific link conditions.

Each time that the SU tries to associate with the AU (following either a reset or
loss of synchronization), it will initiate transmissions using its Transmit Power
parameters. If after a certain time the SU does not succeed to synchronize with
the AU, it will start increasing the transmit power level.

In an AU the maximum supported transmit power is typically used to provide

maximum coverage. However, there may be a need to decrease the transmitted
power level in order to support relatively small cells and to minimize the
interference with the operation of neighboring cells, or for compliance with local
regulatory requirements.

In some cases the maximum transmit power of the SU should be limited to

ensure compliance with applicable regulations or for other reasons.

Different power levels may be used for different modulation levels to optimize
performance taking into account the different modulation schemes as well as
possible regulatory restrictions.

[Link].8.1 Transmit Power

The Transmit Power parameters are defined separately for different modulation
levels. Note that the supported modulation levels depend on the Min modulation
Level and Max Modulation Level defined for the applicable Sub-Band.

In the AU, the Transmit Power parameter defines the fixed transmit power level
and is not part of the ATPC algorithm.

In the SU, The Initial Transmit Power parameter defines the fixed transmit power
level when the ATPC algorithm is disabled. If the ATPC Option is enabled the
value configured for this parameter serves for setting the initial value to be used
by the ATPC algorithm after either power up or losing synchronization with the
AU.

The minimum value for the Transmit Power Parameters is -10 dBm. (The ATPC
may reduce the actual transmit power of the SU to lower values). The maximum
value of the Transmit Power Parameter depends on several unit properties and
parameters:

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! The HW revision of the unit

! The modulation level

! The Maximum Allowed Tx Power as defined for the applicable Sub-Band.

! The Maximum EIRP as defined for the applicable Sub-Band, together with the
value of the Antenna Gain. In certain countries the Maximum EIRP of some
equipment types cannot exceed a certain value. In these cases the Transmit
Power cannot exceed the value of (Maximum EIRP – Antenna Gain).

! Maximum Tx Power parameter (in SU only)

For information on how to view the Sub-Bands supported by the unit and the
supported parameters’ values and options, refer to section [Link].

The unit calculates the maximum allowed Transmit Power according to the unit
properties and parameters listed above, and displays the allowed range when a
Transmit Power parameter is selected.

The default Transmit Power is the highest allowed value.

[Link].8.2 Maximum Tx Power (SU only)

The Maximum Tx Power parameter limits the maximum transmit power that can
be reached by the ATPC algorithm. It also sets the upper limits for the Transmit
Power parameters.

The minimum value for the Maximum Tx Power is -10 dBm. The maximum value
depends on several unit properties and parameters:

! The HW revision of the unit

! The modulation level

! The Maximum Allowed Tx Power as defined for the applicable Sub-Band.

! The Maximum EIRP as defined for the applicable Sub-Band, together with the
value of the Antenna Gain. In certain countries the Maximum EIRP of some
equipment types cannot exceed a certain value. In these cases the Transmit
Power cannot exceed the value of (Maximum EIRP – Antenna Gain).

For information on how to view the Sub-Bands supported by the unit and the
supported parameters’ values and options, refer to section [Link].

The unit calculates the maximum allowed Maximum Tx Power according to the
unit properties and parameters listed above, and displays the allowed range when
the Maximum Tx Power parameter is selected.

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The default Maximum Tx Power is the highest allowed value.

[Link].8.3 ATPC Parameters in AU

[Link].8.3.1 ATPC Option
The ATPC Option enables or disables the Automatic Transmit Power Control
(ATPC) algorithm.

The default is Enable.

[Link].8.3.2 ATPC Minimum SNR Level

The Minimum SNR Level defines the lowest SNR at which you want each SU to be
received at the AU (the lower limit of the optimal reception level range).

Available values: 4 to 60 (dB).

Default value: 28 (dB).

[Link].8.3.3 ATPC Delta from Minimum SNR Level

The Delta from Minimum SNR Level is used to define the highest SNR at which
you want each SU to be received at the AU (the higher limit of the optimal
reception level range):

Max. Level=Minimum SNR Level + Delta from Minimum SNR Level.

Available values: 4 to 20 (dB).

Default value: 5 (dB) for units operating in the 5.4 and 5.8 GHz bands. 11 (dB) for
units operating in the 4.9, 5.2 and 5.3 GHz bands.

[Link].8.3.4 Minimum Interval Between ATPC Messages

The Minimum Interval Between ATPC Messages parameter sets the minimal time
between consecutive power-up/power-down messages to a specific SU. Setting a
low value for this parameter may lead to higher overhead and to an excessive rate
of power level changes at the SUs. High values for this parameter increase the
time it will take the SUs to reach optimal transmit power level.

Available values: 1 to 3600 seconds.

Default value: 30 seconds.

[Link].8.3.5 ATPC Power Level Step

The ATPC Power Level Step parameter defines the step size to be used by the SUs
for incrementing/decrementing the Current Transmit Power after receiving a
power-up/power-down message. If the distance between the value of the Current
Transmit Power and the desired range is smaller than the step size, the power-
up/power-down message will include the specific step value required for this
condition.

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Valid range: 1-20 (dB)

Default value: 5 (dB)

[Link].8.4 ATPC Parameters in SU

[Link].8.4.1 ATPC Option
The ATPC Option enables or disables the Automatic Transmit Power Control
(ATPC) algorithm. The parameter takes effect immediately. However, when
changed from Enable to Disable, the transmit power level will remain at the last
Current Transmit Power determined by the ATPC algorithm before it was
disabled. It will change to the value configured for the Initial Transmit Power
parameter only after the next reset or following loss of synchronization.

The default is Enable.

NOTE
The accuracy of the Transmit Power level is typically +/- 1 dB. However, at levels that are 15 dB or
more below the maximum supported by the hardware, the accuracy is +/- 3 dB (for information on
hardware limitations refer to the Country Codes document). At these levels the use of ATPC may
cause significant fluctuations in the power level of the transmitted signal. When operating at such
low levels, it is recommended to disable the ATPC Option and to set the Transmit Power parameter
to the average Tx Power level before the ATPC was disabled.

[Link].8.5 Tx Control (AU only)

The Tx Control option enables turning Off/On the AU’s transmitter. This feature
can be used during maintenance or testing to avoid transmissions using
undesired parameters.

The parameter is available only when managing the unit from its Ethernet port.

The default is On.

NOTE
The unit is reset immediately upon configuring the Tx Control parameter to either On or Off (even if
it is set to its current option).

[Link].9 Antenna Gain

The Antenna Gain parameter enables to define the net gain of a detached
antenna. The configured gain should take into account the attenuation of the
cable connecting the antenna to the unit. The Antenna Gain is important
especially in countries where there is a limit on the EIRP allowed for the unit; the
maximum allowed value for the Transmit Power parameters cannot exceed the
value of (EIRP - Antenna Gain), where the EIRP is defined in the selected Sub-
Band.

In certain units with an integral antenna the Antenna Gain is not available as a
configurable parameter. However, it is available as a read-only parameter in the
applicable “Show” menus.

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The range is 0 – 50 (dB). A value of “Don’t Care” means that the actual value is
not important. A value of “Not Set Yet” means that the unit will not transmit until
the actual value (in the range 0 to 50) is configured. The unit can be configured to
“Don’t Care” or “Not Set Yet” only in factory (when upgraded to SW version 2.0
from a lower version it will be set automatically to one of these options). Once a
value is configured, it is not possible to reconfigure the unit to either “Don’t Care”
or “Not Set Yet”.

The default value depends on unit type. In SUs with integral antenna it is set to
21 (read only). The default value for AUs that are supplied with a detached
antenna is in accordance with the antenna’s gain. In units supplied without an
antenna the default is typically “Not Set Yet”.

[Link].10 Cell Distance Parameters (AU only)

The higher the distance of an SU from the AU that is serving it, the higher the
time it takes for messages sent by one of them to reach the other. To ensure
appropriate services to all SUs regardless of their distance from the AU while
maintaining a high overall performance level, two parameters should be adapted
to the distances of SUs from the serving AU:

! The time that a unit waits for a response message before retransmission
(acknowledge time delay) should take into account the round trip propagation
delay of the farthest SU. (The one-way propagation delay at 5 GHz is 3.3
microsecond/km.) The higher the distance from the AU of the farthest SU
served by it, the higher the acknowledge time delay for all units in the cell
should be.

! To ensure fairness in the contention back-off algorithm between SUs located

at different distances from the AU, the size of the time slot should also take
into account the one-way propagation delay. The size of the time slot of all
units in the cell should be proportional to the distance from the AU of the
farthest SU served by it.

The distance from the AU of the farthest SU served by it can be determined either
manually or automatically. In manual mode, this distance is configured
manually. In automatic mode, the AU uses a special algorithm to estimate its
distance from each of the SUs it serves, determine which SU is located the
farthest and use the estimated distance of the farthest SU as the maximum
distance.

It should be noted that if the size of the time slot used by all units is adapted to
the distance of the farthest unit, then no unit will have an advantage when
competing for services. However, this reduces the overall achievable throughput
of the cell. In certain situations, the operator may decide to improve the overall
throughput by reducing the slot size below the value required for full fairness.

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This means that when there is competition for bandwidth, the back-off algorithm
will give an advantage to SUs that are located closer to the AU.

The Cell Distance Parameters menu includes the following parameters:

[Link].10.1 Cell Distance Mode

The Cell Distance Mode option defines whether the maximum distance of the AU
from any of the SUs it serves will be determined manually (using the Maximum
Cell Distance parameter) or automatically.

The Options are Automatic or Manual.

The default is Automatic.

[Link].10.2 Maximum Cell Distance

The Maximum Cell Distance parameter allows configuring the maximum distance
when the Cell Distance Mode option is Manual.

The range is 0 to 54 (Km). The value of 0 has a special meaning for No

Compensation: Acknowledge Time Out is set to a value representing the
maximum distance of 54 km. The time slot size is set to its minimal value of 9
microseconds.

The default is 0 (No Compensation).

[Link].10.3 Fairness Factor

The Fairness Factor enables to define the level of fairness in providing services to
different SUs. When set to 100%, all SUs have the same probability of getting
services when competing for bandwidth. If set to X%, then SUs located up to X%
of the maximum distance from the AU will have an advantage in getting services
over SUs located farther than this distance.

The range is 0 to 100 (%)

The default is 100 (%).

[Link].10.4 Show Cell Distance Parameters

Select Show Cell Distance Parameters to view the Cell Distance parameters. In
addition, the Measured Maximum Cell Distance and the MAC address of the unit
that the mechanism found to be the farthest from the AU are displayed. A
distance of 1 km means any distance below 2 km.

[Link].11 Arbitration Inter-Frame Spacing (AIFS)

The time interval between two consecutive transmissions of frames is called Inter-
Frame Spacing (IFS). This is the time during which the unit determines whether
the medium is idle using the carrier sense mechanism. The IFS depends on the
type of the next frame to be transmitted, as follows:

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! SIFS (Short Inter-Frame Spacing) is used for certain frames that should be
transmitted immediately, such as ACK and CTS frames. The value of SIFS is
16 microseconds.

! DIFS (Distributed coordination function Inter-Frame Spacing) is typically used

for other frame types when the medium is free. If the unit decides that the
medium is not free, it will defer transmission by DIFS plus a number of time
slots as determined by the Contention Window back-off algorithm (see
section [Link].2) after reaching a decision that the medium has become free.

DIFS equal SIFS plus AIFS, where AIFS can be configured to one or two time
slots. Typically, AIFS should be configured to two time slots. A value of 1 should
only be used in one of the two units in a point-to-point link, where in the other
unit the AIFS remains configured to two time slots. This ensures that the unit
with AIFS configured to one has an advantage over the other unit, provided that
the Minimum Contention Window (section [Link].2) parameter in both units is
configured to 0 to disable the contention window back-off algorithm.

The available options are 1 or 2 (time slots).

The default is 2 time slots.

CAUTION
An AIFS value of 1 should only be used in point-to-point applications. Otherwise the default value of
2 must always be used. In a point-to-point link, only one unit should be configured to an AIFS value
of 1. When both units need to transmit, the unit with an AIFS value of 1 will have an advantage over
the unit with AIFS of 2. In this case, the Minimum Contention Window parameter in both units must
be configured to 0 to disable the contention window back-off algorithm.

[Link].12 Maximum Number of Associations (AU only)

The Maximum Number of Associations parameter defines the maximum number
of Subscriber Units that can be associated with the selected AU, while still
guaranteeing the required quality of service to customers.

Available values for AU-BS and AU-SA range from 0 to 512. For AUS-BS and
AUS-SA the range is from 0 to 5.

Default value for AU-BS and AU-SA is 512. For AUS-BS and AUS-SA the default
is 5.

NOTE
When the Data Encryption Option is enabled, the actual maximum number of SUs that can
associate with the AU-BS or AU-SA is limited to 124. The number displayed for the Maximum
Number of Associations is the value configured for this parameter, which might be higher than the
actual limit. The Maximum Number of Associations Limit (512 when Data Encryption is disabled,
124 when Data Encryption is enabled) is indicated in the Show Air Interface Parameters display.

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NOTE
There is no aging time for SUs. An SU is only removed from the list of associated SUs under the
following conditions:

! A SNAP frame is received from another AU indicating that the SU is now associated with the
other AU.

! The SU failed to respond to a certain number of consecutive frames transmitted by the AU and
is considered to have "aged out".
Therefore, the database of associated SUs may include units no longer associated with the AU. If
the number of associated SUs has reached the value of the Maximum Number of Associations
parameter, the selected AU cannot serve additional SUs. To view the current number of associated
SUs, use the Display Association Info option in the MAC Address Database menu. To delete
inactive SUs from the database you must reset the AU.

[Link].13 Wireless Link Trap Threshold (AU only)

The Wireless Link Trap Threshold parameter defines the threshold for the
wireless quality trap, indicating that the quality of the wireless link has dropped
below (on trap) or has increased above (off trap) the specified threshold.

The Wireless Link Trap Threshold is in percentage of retransmissions, and the

allowed range is from 1 to 100 (%).

The default is 30 (%).

[Link].14 Country Code Learning by SU (AU only)

This feature supports simplified installation and updates processes by enabling
the SU to adapt the Country Code used by the AU.

The AU advertises its country code in every beacon and association response
message. Upon synchronization the SU shall check if its country code and the
country code received from the AU are the same. If they are not the same and the
Country Code Learning by the SU is enabled, the SU will use the AU’s country
code: the country code derived limitations will be forced and the following
parameters will be set according to the new country definitions:

! Maximum TX Power (per modulation level) will be set to the maximum defined
by the country code.

! TX Power (per modulation level) will be set to the maximum defined by the
country code.

! The Modulation Level will be set to the maximum modulation level defined by
the country code.

! The Multicast Modulation Level will be set to the minimum modulation level
defined by the country code.

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! The Burst Mode will be set to enable if the country code supports burst mode,
and the burst duration will be set to default.

After country code learning (adaptation) the unit is automatically reset. Before
this automatic reset, if the unit is running from the shadow version, the versions
must be swapped and the running version must be set as main. This is done to
avoid returning to the previous version, which occurs automatically after the
reset.

The default is Enable.

[Link].15 Spectrum Analysis

Gaining knowledge of the noise characteristics per channel enables construction
of a relatively noise free working environment. In order to gain information
regarding noise characteristics in the location of the unit, the unit will enter
passive scanning mode for a definite period, during which information will be
gathered. The scanned channels will be the channels comprising the selected sub
set.

Upon activating the spectrum analysis the unit will automatically reset. During
the information-gathering period the unit will not receive nor transmit data. It
also will not be able to synchronize/associate, meaning that it cannot be
managed via the wireless link. During the spectrum analysis period the unit
security mode is changed to promiscuous to enable gathering information
regarding all legal frames received by the unit. At the end of the period the unit
will reset automatically regaining normal operability upon start up.

The Spectrum Analysis submenu includes the following options:

[Link].15.1 Spectrum Analysis Channel Scan Period

The Spectrum Analysis Channel Scan Period is the period of staying on each
channel during each cycle for information gathering when performing spectrum
analysis.

Range: 2-30 seconds.

Default value: 5 seconds.

[Link].15.2 Spectrum Analysis Scan Cycles

The Spectrum Analysis Scan Cycle is the number of scanning cycles when
performing Spectrum Analysis.

Range: 1-100 cycles.

Default value: 2 cycles.

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[Link].15.3 Automatic Channel Selection (AU only)

The Automatic Channel selection option defines weather the AU will choose the
best noise free channel upon startup after completion of the spectrum analysis
process. The selection is per analysis: when the analysis is completed it will be
disabled automatically.

The default is Disable.

[Link].15.4 Spectrum Analysis Activation

The Spectrum analysis Activation option enables activation of the spectrum
analysis process. Upon activation, the unit will reset automatically and start-up
in spectrum analysis mode.

[Link].15.5 Reset Spectrum Analysis Information

The Reset Spectrum Analysis Information option enables resetting the spectrum
analysis counters.

[Link].15.6 Spectrum Analysis Information Display

The Spectrum Analysis Information Display option enables viewing the results of
the last analysis process. The displayed information includes the following details
for each channel:

! Frequency in MHz

! Signal Count: The number of signals (excluding OFDM frames with the
correct bandwidth) in the channel.

! Signal SNR: The approximate SNR of signals (excluding OFDM frames with
the correct bandwidth) in the channel.

! Signal Width: The average width in microseconds of signals (excluding OFDM

frames with the correct bandwidth) in the channel.

! OFDM Frames: The number of OFDM frames with the correct bandwidth
detected in the channel.

[Link].15.7 Spectrum Analysis Information Display - Continuous

The Spectrum Analysis Information Display - Continuous option is available only
when the analysis process is active. It enables viewing the continuously updated
results of the current analysis process. The displayed information includes the
same details available for a regular Spectrum Analysis Information Display
option.

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[Link].16 Disassociate (AU only)

The Disassociate feature enables disassociating all SUs associated with the AU or
a selected SU. This feature is useful during configuration changes, enabling to
force the SU(s) to re-initiate the association process, including the search for the
best AU (or a preferred AU) using the Best AU process, without performing a full
reset.

The Disassociate submenu includes two options:

! Disassociate All SUs

! Disassociate SU By MAC Address: to disassociate a selected SU

[Link] Network Management Parameters

The Network Management Parameters menu enables protecting the Unit from
unauthorized access by defining a set of discrete IP addresses as well as IP
address ranges from which the unit can be managed using protocols such as
Telnet, FTP, TFTP, SNMP, DHCP and ICMP. This excludes management messages
generated in the unit, such as Traps or Ping Test frames, which are not filtered.
The direction from which management access is permitted can also be
configured, which means that management access may be permitted from the
wireless medium only, from the wired Ethernet only, or from both.

The Network Management Parameters menu includes the following options:

! Access to Network Management

! Network Management Filtering

! Set Network Management IP address

! Delete a Network Management IP Address

! Delete All Network Management IP Addresses

! Set/Change Network Management IP Address Ranges

! SNMP Traps

[Link].1 Access to Network Management

The Access to Network Management option defines the port through which the
unit can be managed. The following options are available:

! From Wireless Link Only

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! From Ethernet Only

! From Both Ethernet and Wireless Link

The default selection is From Both Ethernet and Wireless Link.

CAUTION
Be careful not to block your access to the unit. For example, if you manage an SU via the wireless
link, setting the Access to Network Management parameter to From Ethernet Only completely
blocks your management access to the unit. In this case, a technician may be required to change
the settings at the user's site.

[Link].2 Network Management Filtering

The Network Management Filtering option enables or disables the IP address
based management filtering. If management filtering is enabled, the unit can only
be managed by stations with IP addresses matching one of the entries in either
the Network Management IP Addresses list or in the Network Management IP
Address Ranges list, described below, and that are connected to the unit via the
defined port(s). The following options are available:

! Disable: No IP address based filtering is configured.

! Activate IP Filter on Ethernet Port: Applicable only if the Access to Network

Management parameter is configured to either From Ethernet Only or From
Both Ethernet and Wireless Link. The unit can be managed from the Ethernet
port only by stations with IP addresses matching one of the entries in the Set
Network Management IP Addresses parameter. If the Access to Network
Management parameter is configured to From Both Ethernet and Wireless
Link then no IP address based filtering is configured for the wireless port.

! Activate IP Filter on Wireless Link Port: Applicable only if the Access to

Network Management parameter is configured to either From Wireless Link
Only or From Both Ethernet and Wireless Link. The unit can be managed
from the wireless port only by stations with IP addresses matching one of the
entries in the Set Network Management IP Addresses parameter. If the Access
to Network Management parameter is configured to From Both Ethernet and
Wireless Link then no IP address based filtering is configured for the Ethernet
port.

! Activate IP filter on Both Ethernet and Wireless Link Ports: Applicable to

all options of the Access to Network Management parameter. The unit can be
managed from the port(s) defined by the Access to Network Management
parameter only by stations with IP addresses matching one of the entries in
the Set Network Management IP Addresses parameter.

The default selection is Disable.

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[Link].3 Set Network Management IP Address

The Set Network Management IP Address option enables defining up to 10 IP
addresses of devices that can manage the unit if the Network Management
Filtering option is enabled.

The default Network Management IP Address is [Link] (all 10 addresses).

[Link].4 Delete a Network Management IP Address

The Delete Network Management IP Address option enables deleting IP address
entries from the Network Management IP Addresses list.

[Link].5 Delete All Network Management IP Addresses

The Delete All Network Management IP Addresses option enables deleting all
entries from the Network Management IP Addresses list.

[Link].6 Set/Change Network Management IP Address Ranges

The Set/Change Network Management IP address Ranges menu enables defining,
updating or deleting IP address ranges from which the unit can be managed if the
Network Management Filtering option is enabled. This is in addition to the
previous options in the Network Management menu that enable defining,
updating and deleting discrete IP addresses.

The menu includes the following options:

[Link].6.1 Set/Change Network Management IP Address Ranges

The Set/Change Network Management IP Address Ranges option enables
defining/updating up to 10 IP address ranges from which the unit can be
managed if the Network Management Filtering option is enabled.

The default Network Management IP Address Range is [Link] TO [Link] (all 10

ranges).

A range can be defined using a string that includes either a start and end
address, in the format “<start address> to <end address>” (example: [Link]
to [Link]), or a base address and a mask, in the format “<base address>
mask <mask>” (example: [Link] mask [Link]).

[Link].6.2 Delete Network Management IP Address Range

The Delete Network Management IP Address Range option enables deleting IP
address range entries from the Network Management IP Address Ranges list.

[Link].6.3 Delete All Network Management IP Address Ranges

The Delete All Network Management IP Address Ranges option enables deleting
all entries from the Network Management IP Address Ranges list.

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[Link].7 SNMP Traps

The SNMP submenu enables or disables the transmission of SNMP Traps. If this
option is enabled, up to 10 IP addresses of stations to which SNMP traps are sent
can be defined.

[Link].7.1 Send SNMP Traps

The Send SNMP Traps option enables or disables the sending of SNMP traps.

The default selection is Disable.

[Link].7.2 SNMP Traps Destination IP Addresses

The SNMP Traps Destination IP Addresses submenu enables defining up to 10 IP
addresses of devices to which the SNMP Traps are to be sent.

The default of all 10 SNMP Traps IP destinations is [Link].

[Link].7.3 SNMP Traps Community

The SNMP Traps Community option enables defining the Community name for
each IP address to which SNMP Trap messages are to be sent.

Valid strings: Up to 8 ASCII characters.

The default for all 10 addresses is “public”, which is the default Read community.

[Link].7.4 Delete One Trap Address

The Delete One Trap Address option enables deleting Trap address entries from
the SNMP Traps Addresses list.

[Link].7.5 Delete All Trap Addresses

The Delete All Trap Addresses option enables deleting all entries from the SNMP
Traps Addresses list.

[Link] Bridge Parameters

The Bridge Parameters menu provides a series of parameter sets that enables
configuring parameters such as control and filtering options for broadcast
transmissions, VLAN support, and Type of Service prioritization.

The Bridge Parameters menu includes the following options:

! VLAN Support

! Ethernet Broadcast Filtering (SU only)

! Ethernet Broadcast/Multicast Limiter

! Bridge Aging Time

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! Roaming Option (SU only)

! Broadcast Relaying (AU only)

! Unicast Relaying (AU only)

! MAC Address Deny List (AU only)

[Link].1 VLAN Support

The VLAN Support menu enables defining the parameters related to the IEEE
802.1Q compliant VLAN aware (Virtual LAN aware) feature of the units. Each
VLAN includes stations that can communicate with each other, but cannot
communicate with stations belonging to different VLANs. The VLAN feature also
provides the ability to set traffic priorities for transmission of certain frames. The
information related to the VLAN is included in the VLAN Tag Header, which is
inserted in each frame between the MAC header and the data. VLAN
implementation in NetLink III units supports frame routing by port information,
whereby each port is connected to only one VLAN.

The VLAN Support menu includes the following parameters:

! VLAN Link Type

! VLAN ID – Data (SU only)

! VLAN ID – Management

! VLAN Forwarding

! VLAN Relaying (AU only)

! VLAN Traffic Priority

[Link].1.1 VLAN ID-Data (SU only)

The VLAN ID-Data is applicable only when the VLAN Link Type parameter is set
to Access Link. It enables defining the VLAN ID for data frames, which identifies
the VLAN to which the unit belongs.

Valid values range from 1 to 4094.

Default value: 1.

The VLAN ID-Data affects frames received from the wireless link port, as follows:

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! Only tagged frames with a VLAN ID (VID) equal to the VLAN ID-Data defined
in the unit are forwarded to the Ethernet port.

! The tag headers are removed from the data frames received from the wireless
link before they are transmitted on the Ethernet port.

The VLAN ID-Data affects frames received from the Ethernet port, as follows:

! A VLAN Data Tag is inserted in all untagged frames received from the
Ethernet port before transmission on the wireless link. The tag includes the
values of the VLAN ID-Data and the VLAN Priority-Data parameters.

! Tagged frames received on Ethernet port, which are meant to be forwarded to

the wireless link port, are discarded. This includes frames with tagging for
prioritization purposes only.

[Link].1.2 VLAN ID-Management

The VLAN ID-Management is applicable for all link types. It enables defining the
VLAN ID for management frames, which identifies remote stations for
management purposes. This applies to all management applications using
protocols such as SNMP, TFTP, ICMP (ping), DHCP and Telnet. All
servers/stations using these protocols must tag the management frames sent to
the unit with the value of the VLAN ID-Management parameter.

Valid values: 1 to 4094 or 65535 (No VLAN).

The default value is 65535.

If the VLAN ID-Management is other than 65535:

! Only tagged management frames with a matching VLAN ID received on either

the Ethernet or wireless link ports are forwarded to the unit.

! A VLAN Management Tag is inserted in all management frames generated by

the unit before transmission on either the Ethernet or wireless link port. The
tag includes the values of the VLAN ID-Management and the VLAN Priority-
Management parameters.

If the VLAN ID-Management is 65535 (No VLAN):

! Only untagged management frames received on either the Ethernet or wireless

link ports are forwarded to the unit.

! Management frames generated by the unit are not tagged.

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The following table summarizes the functionality of the internal management port
in accordance with the value of the VLAN ID-Management parameter. The table is
valid for all link types. Refer to the VLAN Link Type - Access Link and Trunk Link
options for some restrictions when configuring this parameter.

Table 4-5: VLAN Management Port Functionality

Action Management Port - Internal

Receive from Ethernet Tagged frames, matching VID-M

Untagged frames when VID-M=65535

Receive from Wireless Tagged frames, matching VID-M

Untagged frames when VID-M=65535

Transmit Insert VID-M, PID-M

Table Legend:

! VID-M: VLAN ID-Management

! PID-M: VLAN Priority-Management

[Link].1.3 VLAN Link Type

The VLAN Link Type parameter enables defining the functionality of the VLAN
aware capability of the unit.

The available options are Hybrid Link, Trunk Link and Access Link (Access Link
option is available only in SUs).

The default selection is Hybrid Link.

[Link].1.3.1 Access Link (SU only)

Access Link transfers frames while tagging/untagging them since all devices
connected to the unit are VLAN unaware. Thus, the unit cannot transfer tagged
frames.

Table 4-6 summarizes the functionality of the data port for an Access link.

Table 4-6: VLAN Data Port Functionality - Access Link

Action Data Port - SU

Receive from Ethernet Untagged frames

Accept from Wireless Tagged frames, matching VID-D

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Table 4-6: VLAN Data Port Functionality - Access Link

Action Data Port - SU

Tag Insert VID-D, PID-D (to wireless)

Tag Remove Yes (to Ethernet)

Table Legend:

! VID-D: VLAN ID-Data

! PID-D: VLAN Priority-Data

[Link].1.3.2 Trunk Link

Trunk Link transfers only tagged frames, as all devices connected to the unit are
VLAN aware. Only tagged data frames received on the Ethernet or wireless link
ports are forwarded.

CAUTION
It is not recommended that you configure a unit as a Trunk Link with the VLAN ID-Management
parameter set at 65535, as it does not forward any 'NO VLAN' management frames to its other
port, making it impossible to manage devices connected behind the unit that are also configured
with 'NO VLAN'.

If the VLAN Forwarding option is enabled, a data frame received with a VLAN ID
that is not a member of the unit's VLAN Forwarding List is discarded.

NOTE
If the VLAN Forwarding option is enabled, be sure to include the VLAN ID-Management value of
all units that should be managed via the wireless port of the unit, in the Forwarding List.

If the VLAN Relaying option is enabled in an AU, a data frame relayed with a
VLAN ID that is not a member of the unit's VLAN Relaying List is discarded.

NOTE
If the VLAN Relaying option is enabled and you manage your devices from behind an SU unit, be
sure to include the VLAN ID-Management value of all units to be managed when relaying via the
wireless port of the AU unit, in the Relaying List. If the VLAN Forwarding option is also enabled in
the AU, these VLAN IDs should also be included in the Forwarding List.

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Table 4-7 summarizes the functionality of the data port for a Trunk link.

Table 4-7: VLAN Data Port Functionality - Trunk Link

Action Data Port – AU and SU

Accept from Ethernet Tagged frames.

If Forwarding is enabled, only frames with

VLAN ID values which are included in the
Forwarding list

Accept from Wireless Tagged frames

If Forwarding is enabled, only frames with

VLAN ID values which are included in the
Forwarding list

Tag Insert No

Tag Remove No

[Link].1.3.3 Hybrid Link

Hybrid Link transfers both tagged and untagged frames, as the devices connected
to the unit can be either VLAN aware or VLAN unaware. This is equivalent to
defining no VLAN support, as the unit is transparent to VLAN.

Table 4-8 summarizes the functionality of the data port for a Hybrid link.

Table 4-8: VLAN Data Port Functionality - Hybrid Link

Action Data Port – AU and SU

Accept from Ethernet All

Accept from Wireless All

Tag Insert No

Tag Remove No

[Link].1.4 VLAN Forwarding (AU and SU)

The VLAN Forwarding feature is applicable for Trunk Links only. It enables
defining the VLAN ID values to be included in the VLAN Forwarding List. If the
Link Type is defined as a Trunk Link and the VLAN Forwarding option is enabled,
a data frame received with a VLAN ID that is not a member of the unit's VLAN
Forwarding List is discarded.

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The VLAN Forwarding submenu provides the following options:

[Link].1.4.1 VLAN Forwarding Support

The VLAN Forwarding Support option enables or disables the VLAN Forwarding
feature.

Available selections are Disable and Enable.

The default selection is Disable.

[Link].1.4.2 Add Forwarding VLAN ID

The Add Forwarding VLAN ID option enables adding a VLAN ID to the VLAN
Forwarding List. One VLAN ID can be entered at a time. The maximum number of
VLAN IDs in the VLAN Forwarding List is 20.

Valid values are 1 to 4094.

[Link].1.4.3 Remove Forwarding VLAN ID

The Remove Forwarding VLAN ID option enables removing a VLAN ID from the
VLAN ID Forwarding List.

Valid values are VID values (from 1 to 4094) that are included in the VLAN
Forwarding List.

[Link].1.4.4 Show VLAN ID Forwarding List

The Show VLAN Forwarding List option displays the values of the VLAN IDs
included in the VLAN Forwarding List.

NOTE
If the VLAN ID Forwarding List is empty and the VLAN Forwarding Support is set to Enable, then all
data frames are discarded.
If VLAN Relaying Support and VLAN Forwarding Support are both enabled, then all VLAN IDs
configured in the Relaying List must also be configured in the Forwarding List.

[Link].1.5 VLAN Relaying (AU only)

The VLAN Relaying feature is applicable for Trunk Links only. It enables defining
the VLAN ID values to be included in the VLAN Relaying List. If the Link Type is
defined as Trunk Link and the VLAN Relaying Support option is enabled, a frame
relayed from the wireless link, which is a frame received from the wireless link
that should be transmitted back through the wireless link, with a VLAN ID that is
not a member of the unit's VLAN Relaying List, is discarded. If VLAN Forwarding
Support is also enabled, it is necessary to configure all the VLAN IDs in the
Relaying List also in the Forwarding List to enable the relaying operation.

The VLAN Relaying menu provides the following options:

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[Link].1.5.1 VLAN Relaying Support

The VLAN Relaying Support option enables or disables the VLAN Relaying
feature.

Available selections are Disable and Enable.

The default selection is Disable.

[Link].1.5.2 Add Relaying VLAN ID

The Add Relaying VLAN ID option enables adding a VLAN ID to the VLAN
Relaying List. One VLAN ID can be entered at a time. The maximum number of
VLAN IDs in the VLAN Relaying List is 20.

Valid values are 1 to 4094.

[Link].1.5.3 Remove Relaying VLAN ID

The Remove Relaying VLAN ID option enables removing a VLAN ID from the VLAN
ID Relaying List. Valid values are VID values (from 1 to 4094)) that are included
in the VLAN Relaying List.

[Link].1.5.4 Show VLAN ID Relaying List

The Show VLAN Relaying option displays the values of the VLAN IDs included in
the VLAN Relaying List.

NOTE
If the VLAN ID Relaying List is empty and the VLAN Relaying Support is Enabled, then all data
frames relayed from the wireless link are discarded.
If VLAN Relaying Support and VLAN Forwarding Support are both enabled, then all VLAN IDs
configured in the Relaying List must also be configured in the Forwarding List.

[Link].1.6 VLAN Traffic Priority

The VLAN Traffic Priority menu enables configuring the VLAN Priority field in
applicable frames. These parameters only impact the way in which other VLAN
aware devices in the network will handle the packet. In version 3.1 all parameters
that affect prioritization within the NetLink III system, including VLAN-based
prioritization, are located in the Services > Traffic Prioritization menu.

The VLAN Traffic Priority menu includes the following parameters:

! VLAN Priority – Data (SU only)

! VLAN Priority – Management

[Link].1.6.1 VLAN Priority - Data (SU only)

The VLAN Priority - Data is applicable for Access Links only. It enables
configuring the value of the VLAN Priority field for data frames transmitted to the

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wireless link. All data frames are routed to the Low queue. This parameter only
impacts the way other VLAN aware devices handle the packet.

Valid values range from 0 to 7.

The default value is 0.

[Link].1.6.2 VLAN Priority - Management

The VLAN Priority - Management enables defining the value of the VLAN Priority
field for management frames in units with VLAN ID-Management that is other
than 65535. All management frames are routed to the High queue. This
parameter only impacts the way other VLAN aware devices handle the packet.

Valid values range from 0 to 7.

The default value is 4 for SUs and 0 for AUs.

[Link].1.7 Show VLAN Parameters

The Show VLAN Parameters option displays the current values of the VLAN
support parameters.

[Link].2 Ethernet Broadcast Filtering (SU only)

The Ethernet Broadcast Filtering menu enables defining the layer 2 (Ethernet)
broadcast and multicast filtering capabilities for the selected SU. Filtering the
Ethernet broadcasts enhances the security of the system and saves bandwidth on
the wireless medium by blocking protocols that are typically used in the
customer's LAN but are not relevant for other customers, such as NetBios, which
is used by the Microsoft Network Neighborhood. Enabling this feature blocks
Ethernet broadcasts and multicasts by setting the I/G bit at the destination
address to 1. This feature should not be enabled when there is a router behind
the SU.

The Ethernet Broadcast Filtering menu includes the following parameters:

! Filter Options

! DHCP Broadcast Override Filter

! PPPoE Broadcast Override Filter

! ARP Broadcast Override Filter

[Link].2.1 Filter Options

The Filter Options enables defining the Ethernet Broadcast filtering functionality
of the unit. Select from the following options:

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! Disable - no Ethernet Broadcast Filtering.

! On Ethernet Port Only - filters broadcast messages received from the

Ethernet port.

! On Wireless Port Only - filters broadcast messages received from the wireless
link port.

! On Both Ethernet and Wireless Ports - filters broadcast messages received

from both the Ethernet and wireless link ports.

The default selection is Disable.

[Link].2.2 DHCP Broadcast Override Filter

The DHCP Broadcast Override Filter option enables or disables the broadcasting
of DHCP messages. Even if according to the selected option in the Filter Options
parameter, broadcast messages should be filtered, DHCP broadcasts are
transmitted if this parameter is set to Enable. Select from the following options:

! Disable - DHCP Broadcast messages are filtered or transmitted according to

the general filtering criteria in the Filter Options parameter.

! Enable - DHCP Broadcast messages are transmitted regardless of the selected

value of the Filter Options parameter.

The default selection is Disable.

[Link].2.3 PPPoE Broadcast Override Filter

The PPPoE Broadcast Override Filter option enables or disables the broadcasting
of PPPoE (Point to Point Protocol over Ethernet) messages. Even if according to
the selected option in the Filter Options parameter, broadcast messages should
be filtered, PPPoE broadcasts are transmitted if this parameter is set to Enable.
Select from the following options:

! Disable - PPPoE Broadcast messages are filtered or transmitted according to

the general filtering criteria in the Filter Options parameter.

! Enable - PPPoE Broadcast messages are transmitted regardless of the

selected value of the Filter Options parameter.

The default selection is Disable.

[Link].2.4 ARP Broadcast Override Filter

The ARP Broadcast Override Filter option enables or disables the broadcasting of
ARP messages. Even if according to the selected option in the Filter Options

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parameter, broadcast messages should be filtered, ARP broadcasts are

transmitted if this parameter is set to Enable. Select from the following options:

! Disable - ARP messages are filtered or transmitted according to the general

filtering criteria in the Filter Options parameter.

! Enable - ARP messages are transmitted regardless of the selected value of the
Filter Options parameter.

The default selection is Enable.

[Link].3 Ethernet Broadcast/Multicast Limiter

The Ethernet Broadcast/Multicast Limiter parameters, available in both AU and
SU, enable to limit the number of broadcast and/or multicast packets that can be
transmitted per second, in order to prevent the potential flooding of the wireless
medium by certain ARP attacks.

In SUs, the limiter is placed after the Ethernet Broadcast Filters. For this reason,
the limiter will receive only the packets that pass through these filters. If the
Ethernet filters of the SU are disabled, the limiter will be applied to all relevant
packets received.

When the Ethernet Broadcast/Multicast Limiter is enabled and the specified limit
is reached, the unit will send a trap. The trap will be sent periodically till the
number of broadcast/multicast packets will be less than the maximum. The trap
will inform the user how many packets were discarded in the last period.

The Ethernet Broadcast/Multicast Limiter menu allows viewing and setting the
following parameters:

[Link].3.1 Ethernet Broadcast/Multicast Limiter Option

The Ethernet Broadcast/Multicast Limiter Option defines the limiter’s
functionality. The available options are:

! Disable: No limiter

! Limit only Broadcast Packets

! Limit Multicast Packets that are not Broadcasts

! Limit All Multicast Packets (including broadcast)

The default selection is Disable.

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[Link].3.2 Ethernet Broadcast/Multicast Limiter Threshold

The Ethernet Broadcast/Multicast Limiter Threshold defines the maximum
number of packets per second that will pass the limiter when it is enabled.

The range is from 0 to 204800 (packets/second).

The default is 50 packets.

[Link].3.3 Ethernet Broadcast/Multicast Limiter Send Trap Interval

The Ethernet Broadcast/Multicast Limiter Send Trap Interval defines the
minimum time in minutes between two consecutive transmissions of the trap
indicating the number of packets that were dropped by the limiter since the
previous trap (or since the time that the limit has been exceeded).

The range is from 1 to 60 minutes.

The default is 5 minutes.

[Link].4 Bridge Aging Time

The Bridge Aging Time parameter enables selecting the bridge aging time for
learned addresses of devices on both the wired and wireless sides, not including
NetLink III units.

The available range is 20 to 2000 seconds.

The default value is 300 seconds.

[Link].5 Broadcast Relaying (AU only)

The Broadcast Relaying option enables selecting whether the unit performs
broadcast relaying. When the Broadcast Relaying parameter is enabled,
broadcast packets originating from devices on the wireless link are transmitted by
the AU back to the wireless link devices, as well as to the wired LAN. If disabled,
these packets are sent only to the local wired LAN and are not sent back to the
wireless link. Disable the broadcast relaying only if all broadcast messages from
the wireless link are certain to be directed to the wired LAN.

The default selection is Enable.

[Link].6 Unicast Relaying (AU only)

The Unicast Relaying option enables selecting whether the unit performs unicast
relaying. When the Unicast Relaying parameter is enabled, unicast packets
originating from devices on the wireless link can be transmitted back to the
wireless link devices. If disabled, these packets are not sent to the wireless link
even if they are intended for devices on the wireless link. Disable the Unicast
Relaying parameter only if all unicast messages from the wireless link are certain
to be directed to the local wired LAN.

The default selection is Enable.

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[Link].7 MAC Address Deny List (AU only)

The MAC Address Deny List submenu enables to define units that are not
authorized to receive services. The AU will not provide services to a unit whose
MAC Address is included in the deny list. This feature enables to disconnect
units from the services in cases such as when the user had fraudulently
succeeded to configure the unit to values different than his subscription plan.
The deny list can include up to 100 MAC Addresses.

The MAC Address Deny List submenu includes the following:

[Link].8 Add MAC Address to Deny List

Select Add MAC Address to Deny List to add a MAC Address to the Deny List.

[Link].9 Remove MAC Address from Deny List

Select Remove MAC Address from Deny List to remove a MAC Address from the
Deny List.

[Link].9.1 Show MAC Address Deny List

Select Show MAC Address Deny List to display the current list of MAC Addresses
included in the Deny List.

[Link].10 Roaming Option (SU only)

The Roaming Option defines the roaming support of the unit. When roaming is
not expected, it is preferable to set this parameter to Disable. This will cause the
unit to start scanning for another AU after losing connectivity with the current
AU only after 7 seconds during which no beacons were received from the current
AU. This will prevent scanning for another AU in cases where no beacons were
received due to a short temporary problem.
When set to Enable, the SU will wait only one second before it starts scanning for
another AU. In addition, when the Roaming Option is enabled, the SU will send
Roaming SNAP messages upon associating with a new AU. This enables fast
distribution of the new location for all clients that are behind the SU. In this case,
the SU will send multicast SNAP messages via the wireless link each time it
associates with a new AU, except for the first association after reset. The SU will
send one SNAP message for each client learned on its Ethernet port, based on its
bridging table. In the SNAP message the clients’ MAC address is used as the
source address. The AU that receives this SNAP message learns from it the new
location of the clients. It forwards the SNAP to other AUs and Layer-2 networking
equipment via its Ethernet port, to facilitate uninterrupted connectivity and
correct routing of transmissions to these clients. The new AU as well as the
previous AU with which the SU was associated, will forward the SNAP messages
to all other SUs associated with them.

The default is Disable.

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[Link].11 Ports Control (SU only)

The Ports Control sub-menu includes the Ethernet Port Control option:

[Link].11.1 Ethernet Port Control

The Ethernet Port Control option allows enabling or disabling non-management
traffic to/from the Ethernet port. When changed to Disable, all current data
sessions will be terminated. The unit is still manageable via the Ethernet port
even if it is disabled for data traffic.

The default selection is Enable.

[Link].12 Show Bridge Parameters

The Show Bridge Parameters option displays the current values of the Bridge
parameters.

[Link] Performance Parameters

The Performance Parameters menu enables defining a series of parameters that
control the method by which traffic is transmitted through the wireless access
network.

The Performance Parameters menu includes the following parameters:

! RTS Threshold

! Minimum Contention Window

! Maximum Contention Window

! Multicast Modulation Level (AU only)

! Maximum Modulation Level

! Average SNR Memory Factor

! Number of HW Retries

! Burst Mode

! Adaptive Modulation Algorithm

[Link].1 RTS Threshold

The RTS Threshold parameter defines the minimum frame size that requires an
RTS/CTS (Request To Send/Clear To Send) handshake. Frames whose size is
smaller than the RTS Threshold value are transmitted directly to the wireless link

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without being preceded with RTS frames. Setting this parameter to a value larger
than the maximum frame size eliminates the RTS/CTS handshake for frames
transmitted by this unit.

The available values range from 20 to 4032 bytes for units with HW revision C,
and 20 to 2200 for units with HW revision A or B.

The default value is 60 bytes for SUs. For AUs with HW revision C the default is
4032, and for AUs with HW revision A or B the default is 2200. It is
recommended that these values be used to ensure that RTS/CTS is never used in
the AU.

[Link].2 Minimum Contention Window

The Minimum Contention Window parameter determines the time that a unit
waits from the time it has concluded that there are no detectable transmissions
by other units until it attempts to transmit. The NetLink III system uses a special
mechanism based on detecting the presence of a carrier signal and analyzing the
information contained in the transmissions of the AU to estimate the activity of
other SUs served by the AU. The target is to minimize collisions in the wireless
medium resulting from attempts of more than one unit to transmit at the same
time.

The system uses an exponential Back-off algorithm to resolve contention between

several units that want to access the wireless medium. The method requires each
station to choose a random number N between 0 and a given number C each time
it wants to access the medium. The unit will attempt to access the medium only
after a time equal to DIFS (for more details refer to section [Link].11) plus N time
slots, always checking if a different unit has accessed the medium before. Each
time the unit tries to transmit and a collision occurs; the maximum number C
used for the random number selection will be increased to the next available
value. The available values are 7, 15, 31, 63, 127, 255, 511 and 1023.

The Minimum Contention Window parameter is the first maximum number C

used in the back-off algorithm. The higher the number of SUs served by the same
AU, the higher the Minimum Contention Window for each SU should be.

The available values are 0, 7, 15, 31, 63, 127, 255, 511 and 1023. A value of 0
means that the contention window algorithm is not used and that the unit will
attempt to access the medium immediately after a time equal to DIFS.

The default value is 15.

CAUTION
A value of 0 disables the contention window back-off algorithm. It should only be used in point-to-
point applications. For more details on configuring units in a point-to-point link refer to section
[Link].11.

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[Link].3 Maximum Contention Window

The Maximum Contention Window parameter defines the upper limit for the
maximum number C used in the back-off algorithm as described in Minimum
Contention Window above.

The available values are 7, 15, 31, 63, 127, 255, 511 and 1023.

The default value is 1023.

[Link].4 Multicast Modulation Level (AU only)

The Multicast Modulation Level parameter defines the modulation level used for
transmitting multicast and broadcast data frames. Multicast and broadcast
transmissions are not acknowledged; therefore if a multicast or broadcast
transmission is not properly received there is no possibility of retransmitting. It is
recommended that you set a lower modulation level for broadcast and multicast
frame transmissions to increase the probability that they are received without
errors.

The Multicast Modulation Level parameter is applicable only to data frames.

Beacons and other wireless management and control frames are always
transmitted at the lowest modulation level according to the Sub-Band.

The minimum value for the Multicast Modulation Level is defined by the Sub-
Band in use.

The maximum value for the Multicast Modulation Level is defined by the Sub-
Band in use and the HW revision of the unit. Units with HW revision A support a
maximum value of 7, while units with HW revision B and higher support a
maximum value of 8.

For information on how to view the Sub-Bands supported by the unit and the
supported parameters’ values and options, refer to section [Link].

The default value is the lowest supported modulation level.

[Link].5 Maximum Modulation Level

When the Adaptive Modulation Algorithm (see section [Link].9) is enabled, it
changes the modulation level dynamically according to link conditions. The
purpose is to increase the probability of using the maximum possible modulation
level at any given moment. Although the algorithm will avoid using modulation
levels that are too high for the prevailing link conditions, it might be better under
certain conditions to limit the use of higher modulation levels. If the link quality
is not sufficient, it is recommended that the maximum modulation level be
decreased, as higher modulation levels increase the error rate. In such
conditions, a higher Maximum Modulation Level increases the number or
retransmissions before the modulation level is being reduced by the Adaptive
Modulation Algorithm. A high number of retransmissions reduces the overall

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throughput of the applicable SU as well as all other SUs associated with the same
AU.

The link quality can be estimated based on the SNR measurement of the SU at
the AU, which can be viewed in the MAC Address Database option in the Site
Survey menu. If the measured SNR is less than a certain threshold, it is
recommended that the maximum modulation level of the SU be decreased in
accordance with Table 4-9, using the values of typical sensitivity. It is
recommended to add a 2 dB safety margin to compensate for possible
measurement inaccuracy or variance in the link quality.

NOTE
The SNR measurement at the AU is accurate only when receiving transmissions from the
applicable SU. If necessary, use the Ping Test utility in the Site Survey menu to verify data
transmission.

When the Adaptive Modulation Algorithm is disabled, this parameter will serve to
determine Fixed Modulation Level used for transmissions.

The minimum value for the Maximum Modulation Level is defined by the Sub-
Band in use.

The maximum value for the Maximum Modulation Level is defined by the Sub-
Band in use and the HW revision of the unit. Units with HW revision A support a
maximum value of 7, while units with HW revision B and higher support a
maximum value of 8.

For information on how to view the Sub-Bands supported by the unit and the
supported parameters’ values and options, refer to section [Link].

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The default is the highest supported Modulation Level.

Table 4-9: Recommended Maximum Modulation Level*

SNR Maximum Modulation Level

SNR > 23 dB 8

21 dB < SNR < 23 dB 7

16 dB< SNR < 21 dB 6

13 dB < SNR < 16 dB 5

10 dB < SNR < 13 dB 4

8 dB < SNR < 10 dB 3

7 dB < SNR < 8 dB 2

6 dB < SNR < 7 dB 1

* The maximum supported value depends on the unit’s HW revision and on the Max Modulation Level
according to the Sub-Band.

[Link].6 Average SNR Memory Factor

The Average SNR Memory Factor defines the weight of history (value of last
calculated average SNR) in the formula used for calculating the current average
SNR for received data frames. This average SNR is used by the ATPC algorithm in
the AU and is also included in the Adaptive Modulation Algorithm information
messages transmitted by the AU and the SU. The higher the value of this
parameter, the higher is the weight of history in the formula.

Available values: -1 to 32. -1 is for no weight for history, meaning that average
SNR equals the last measured SNR.

Default value: 5

[Link].7 Number of HW Retries

The Number of HW Retries parameter defines the maximum number of times that
an unacknowledged packet is retransmitted. When the Adaptive Modulation
Algorithm is disabled, a frame will be dropped when the number of unsuccessful
retransmissions reaches this value. For details on the effect of this parameter
when the Adaptive Modulation Algorithm is enabled, refer to section [Link].9.

The available values range is from 1 to 15.

The default value is 10.

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[Link].8 Burst Mode

Burst mode provides an increased throughput by reducing the overhead
associated with transmissions in the wireless medium. In a burst transmission
the inter-frame spacing is reduced and unicast data frames are transmitted
without any contention period (burst mode is not activated oon
broadcasts/multicasts).

The Burst Mode is available only if Burst Mode is supported by the Sub-Band in
use. For information on how to view the Sub-Bands supported by the unit and
the supported parameters’ values and options, refer to section [Link].

In AUs with HW Revision B or lower, Burst Mode cannot be activated when the
DFS option is used. In AUs with HW Revision B or lower, the Burst Mode option
will be “blocked” upon trying to enable Burst Mode when the DFS Option is
enabled. This limitation does not apply to AUs with HW Revision C.

In SUs and SUs with HW Revision B or lower, Burst Mode cannot be activated
when using WEP for data encryption. In units with HW Revision B or lower, the
Burst Mode option will be “blocked” upon trying to enable it when using WEP for
data encryption. This limitation does not apply to units with HW Revision C.

[Link].8.1 Burst Mode Option

The Burst Mode Option enables or disables the Burst Mode operation.

The default is Enable.

[Link].8.2 Burst Mode Time Interval

The Burst Mode Time Interval defines the burst size, which is the time in which
data frames are sent immediately without contending for the wireless medium.

The range is 1 to the value of the Maximum Burst Duration defined for the Sub-
Band.

The default is 5 milliseconds or the value of Maximum Burst Duration defined for
the Sub-Band (the lower of the two values).

[Link].9 Adaptive Modulation Algorithm (Multi Rate)

The Adaptive Modulation Algorithm enables adapting the modulation level of
transmitted data to the prevailing conditions of the applicable radio link. The
algorithm provides Access Units with simultaneous, adaptive support for multiple
Subscriber Units at different modulation levels, as transmission’s modulation
level decisions are made separately for each associated SU.

Link quality fluctuates due to various environmental conditions. Dynamically

switching between the possible modulation levels increases the probability of
using the maximum modulation level suitable for the current radio link quality at
any given moment.

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The decisions made by the Adaptive Modulation Algorithm for the modulation
level to be used are based on multiple parameters, including information on
received signal quality (SNR) that is received periodically from the destination
unit, the time that has passed since last transmission to the relevant unit, and
the recent history of successful and unsuccessful
transmissions/retransmissions. In the AU the decision algorithm is performed
separately for each SU.

The transmission/retransmission mechanism operates as follows:

1 Each new frame (first transmission attempt) will be transmitted at a

modulation level selected by the Adaptive Modulation algorithm.

2 If first transmission trial has failed, the frame will be retransmitted at the
same modulation level up to the maximum number of retransmission
attempts defined by the Number of HW Retries parameter.

The Adaptive Modulation Parameters menu includes the following parameters:

[Link].9.1 Adaptive Modulation Option

The Adaptive Modulation Option enables or disables the Adaptive Modulation
decision algorithm. When enabled, the algorithm supports decrease/increase of
transmission’s modulation levels between the lowest possible level to the value
configured for the Maximum Modulation Level parameter. If the Maximum
Modulation Level is set at the lowest possible level, the Adaptive Modulation
algorithm has no effect.

The default selection is Enable.

[Link].9.2 Minimum Interval Between Adaptive Modulation Messages

The Minimum Interval Between Adaptive Modulation Messages sets the minimum
interval between two consecutive adaptive modulation messages, carrying
information on the SNR of received signals. The messages in the AU include SNR
information on all the SUs associated with it.

The available range is from 1 to 3600 seconds.

The default is 4 seconds.

[Link].9.3 Adaptive Modulation Decision Thresholds

Enables selection between Normal and High decision thresholds for the Adaptive
Modulation algorithm. In links with a low SNR (below 13), the Adaptive
Modulation algorithm may not stabilize on the correct modulation level when
using the standard decision thresholds. In this case the algorithm may try to use
a modulation level that is too high, resulting in a relatively large number of
dropped frames. The “High” option solves this limitation and ensures good
performance also in links with a low SNR.

The default is Normal.

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[Link].10 Concatenation Parameters

The Concatenation mechanism enables bundling several data frames into a single
frame for transmission to the wireless link. This feature improves throughput and
reduces the overhead in the wireless medium, by requiring only one CRC for each
concatenated frame, one RTS/CTS cycle if applicable, and a single waiting period
according to the contention window mechanism before transmission. When
concatenation is enabled, data packets in the queue of the internal bridge can be
accumulated before the concatenated frame is transmitted to the wireless
medium. Up to 8 data frames can be accumulated, to a maximum total size of
4032 bytes in units with HW revision C or 2200 bytes in units with HW revision B
or lower. In the AU, the concatenation process is performed separately for each
destination SU.

NOTE
Using the Link Capability exchange mechanism, each unit learns the HW Revision and the SW
Version of the unit(s) associated with it. A concatenated frame with a length exceeding 2200 bytes
may be generated and transmitted only if both the source and destination units have HW Revision
C. If either the source or destination unit uses SW Version 3.0, then the maximum size of the
concatenated frame is 3400 bytes, and the maximum number of data frames that can be bundled
into a concatenated frame is 2.

A frame is a candidate for bundling into a concatenated frame if all the following
conditions are met:

! The frame is a data frame

! The destination is an entity behind the destination AU/SU.

! The destination AU/SU can support the feature (uses SW version 3.0 or
higher).

NOTE
If the destination unit uses SW version 3.0 (learned during the Link Capability exchange process),
the maximum number of data frames that can be concatenated is limited to two.

When a frame is identified as an eligible candidate for concatenation, it is marked

accordingly and will be processed according to the following:

! If there is no concatenated frame designated to the same destination unit in

the queue:

" If the hardware queue is empty – the frame is transmitted immediately.

" Otherwise (the queue is not empty) – the frame is inserted to the queue as
a concatenated frame.

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! If a concatenated frame designated to the same destination unit exists in the

queue:

" If the combined size of both frames is above the maximum allowed
concatenated frame size – both frames are transmitted as two separate
frames.

" Otherwise (the combined frames size is below the maximum size) – the
new frame is added to the concatenated frame. If the number of data
frames in the concatenated frame has reached the maximum allowed – the
concatenated frame will be transmitted to the wireless medium. Otherwise
– the concatenated frame remains in the queue (until the hardware queue
becomes free).

NOTE
When a frame is marked as a candidate for concatenation, it will be transmitted as a concatenated
frame. If it is not bundled with another data frame before transmission, it will be a concatenated
frame with a single data frame (Concatenated Frame Single). If it is bundled with two or more data
frames, it will be a concatenated frame with either double data frames (Concatenated Frame
Double) or more data frames (Concatenated Frame More).

The Concatenation Parameters submenu includes:

[Link].10.1 Concatenation Option

The Concatenation Option enables or disables the concatenation mechanism.

The default is Enable.

[Link].10.2 Maximum Number of Frames

The Maximum Number of Frames parameter defines the maximum number of
data frames that can be bundled into a single concatenated frame.

The range is from 2 to 8 frames.

The default is 8 frames.

[Link] Service Parameters

The Service Parameters menu enables defining user filtering, MIR/CIR
parameters, and traffic prioritization parameters.

The Service Parameters menu includes the following parameters:

! User Filtering Parameters (SU only)

! MIR and CIR Parameters

! Traffic Prioritization

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[Link].1 User Filtering Parameters (SU only)

The User Filtering Parameters submenu enables defining the IP addresses of user
devices authorized to access the wireless medium for security and/or control
purposes. In addition, it can be used to enable the transmission and reception of
specific protocol frames. These filtering options do not affect management frames
sent to or generated by the unit.

The User Filtering Parameters menu provides the following options:

[Link].1.1 User Filtering Option

The User Filtering Option disables or enables the User Filtering feature. The
following options are available:

! Disable - no filtering.

! IP Protocol Only - only IP Protocol packets pass.

! User Defined Addresses Only - only IP frames from/to IP addresses included

in the User Filter Addresses list pass.

! PPPoE Protocol Only - only PPPoE messages pass (Ethernet type 0x8863 and
0x8864).

The default selection is Disable.

[Link].1.2 Set/Change Filter IP Address Range

The Set/Change Filter IP Address Ranges option enables defining/updating up to
8 IP address ranges to/from which IP frames are to pass if the User Defined
Addresses Only option is selected in the User Filtering Option parameter.

The default Filter IP Address Range is [Link] TO [Link] (all 8 ranges).

A range can be defined using a string that includes either a start and end
address, in the format “<start address> to <end address>” (example: [Link]
to [Link]), or a base address and a mask, in the format “<base address>
mask <mask>” (example: [Link] mask [Link]).

[Link].1.3 Delete Filter IP Address Range

The Delete Filter IP Address Range option enables deleting IP address range
entries from the Filter IP Address Ranges list.

[Link].1.4 Delete All User Filtering Entries

The Delete All User Filtering Entries option enables deleting all entries from the
Filter IP Address Ranges list.

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[Link].1.5 DHCP Unicast Override Filter

When user filtering is activated, unicast DHCP messages are filtered out;
therefore the unit cannot communicate with the DHCP server. The DHCP Unicast
Override Filter option enables to overcome this problem. When enabled, unicast
DHCP messages pass, overriding the user filtering mechanism.

The default is Disable DHCP Unicast.

[Link].1.6 Show User Filtering Parameters

The Show All User Filtering Parameters option displays the current value of the
User Filtering Option and the list of User Filtering addresses, subnet masks and
ranges.

[Link].2 MIR and CIR Parameters

The CIR (Committed Information Rate) specifies the minimum data rate
guaranteed to the relevant subscriber. The MIR (Maximum Information Rate)
value specifies the maximum data rate available for burst transmissions,
provided such bandwidth is available.

Under normal conditions, the actual Information Rate (IR) is between the
applicable CIR and MIR values, based on the following formula:

IR=CIR+K(MIR - CIR).

In this formula K is between 0 and 1 and is determined dynamically by the AU

according to overall demand in the cell and the prevailing conditions that
influence the performance of the wireless link. In some situations the minimum
rate (CIR) cannot be provided. This may result from high demand and poor
wireless link conditions and/or high demand in over-subscribed cells. When this
occurs, the actual information rate is lower than the CIR.

The simple solution for managing the information rate in such cases can result in
an unfair allocation of resources, as subscribers with a higher CIR actually
receive an IR lower than the CIR designated for subscribers in a lower CIR
bracket.

A special algorithm for graceful degradation is incorporated into the AU, ensuring
that the degradation of performance for each individual Subscriber Unit is
proportional to its CIR.

The MIR/CIR algorithm uses buffers to control the flow of data. To balance the
performance over time, a special Burst Duration algorithm is employed to enable
higher transmission rates after a period of inactivity. If no data is received from
the Ethernet port during the last N seconds, the unit is allowed to transmit N
times its CIR value without any delay. For example, after a period of inactivity of
0.5 seconds, a unit with CIR = 128 Kbps can transmit up to 128 Kbits x 0.5 =
64 Kbits without any delay.

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[Link].2.1 MIR: Downlink (SU only)

Sets the Maximum Information Rate of the downlink from the AU to the SU. The
MIR value cannot be lower than the corresponding CIR value.

Available values range and default value are shown in Table 4-10.

The actual value will be the entered value rounded to the nearest multiple of 128
(N*128).

[Link].2.2 MIR: Uplink (SU only)

Sets the Maximum Information Rate of the up-link from the SU to the AU. The
MIR value cannot be lower than the corresponding CIR value.

Available values range and default value are shown in Table 4-10.

The actual value will be the entered value rounded to the nearest multiple of 128
(N*128).

[Link].2.3 CIR: Downlink (SU only)

Sets the Committed Information Rate of the downlink from the AU to the SU. The
CIR value cannot be higher than the corresponding MIR value.

Available values range and default value are shown in Table 4-10.

The actual value will be the entered value rounded to the nearest multiple of 128
(N*128).

[Link].2.4 CIR: Uplink (SU only)

Sets the Committed Information Rate of the uplink from the SU to the AU. The
CIR value cannot be higher than the corresponding MIR value.

Available values range and default value are shown in Table 4-10.

The actual value will be the entered value rounded to the nearest multiple of 128
(N*128).

Table 4-10: MIR and CIR Ranges and Defaults

MIR (Uplink and Downlink) CIR (Uplink and Downlink

Unit Type Range (Kbps) Default (Kbps) Range (Kbps) Default (Kbps)

SU-3 128-2,048 2,048 0-2,048 0

SU-6 128-3,968 3,968 0-3,968 0

SU-54 128-53,888 32,896 0-45,056 0

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[Link].2.5 Maximum Burst Duration (SU and AU)

Sets the maximum time for accumulating burst transmission rights according to
the Burst Duration algorithm.

Available values range from 0 to 2000 (milliseconds).

The default value is 5 (milliseconds), enabling a maximum burst of (0.005 X CIR)

Kbps after a period of inactivity of 5 milliseconds or more.

[Link].2.6 Maximum Delay (SU only)

Sets the maximum permitted delay in the buffers system. As certain applications
are very sensitive to delay, if relatively high delays are permitted, these
applications may suffer from poor performance due to data accumulation in the
buffers from other applications, such as FTP. The Maximum Delay parameter
limits the number of available buffers. Data that is delayed more than the
permitted maximum delay is discarded. If the SU supports applications that are
very sensitive to delay, the value of the Maximum Delay should be decreased.

Valid values range from 300 to 10000 (milliseconds).

The default value is 5000 (milliseconds).

[Link].2.7 Graceful Degradation Limit (AU only)

Sets the limit on using the graceful degradation algorithm. In cases of over
demand, the performance of all SUs is degraded proportionally to their CIR
(IR=(100%-k%) x CIR). The graceful degradation algorithm is used as long as
k K, where K is the Graceful Degradation Limit. Beyond this point the simple
“brute force” algorithm is used. The Graceful Degradation Limit should be raised
in proportion to the demand in the cell. The higher the expected demand in a cell,
the higher the value of the Graceful Degradation Limit. Higher demand can be
expected in cases of significant over subscription and/or in deployments where a
high number of subscribers are in locations without proper communication with
the AU at the highest data rate.

The available values range from 0 to 70 (%).

The default value is 70 (%).

[Link].2.8 MIR Only Option (AU only)

When the MIR Only Option is enabled, it forces the MIR/CIR algorithm to use
MIR values only. The MIR/CIR algorithm determines the actual information rate
for each of the supported SUs under changing conditions of demand, based on
the configured CIR and MIR values. When the MIR Only Option is enabled, the
MIR/CIR algorithm is overridden and forced to operate with MIR values only. For
example, the AU attempts to enable all SUs to transmit/receive information at the
specified MIR value. When enabled, the graceful degradation algorithm, which is
a part of the CIR/MIR algorithm, is also disabled.

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The default is Enable.

[Link].2.9 Show MIR/CIR Parameters

Displays the current values of the MIR and CIR parameters.

[Link].3 Traffic Prioritization

Each packet that is received from the Ethernet port is placed in either the High or
Low queue, according to the Traffic Prioritization parameters. When the MIR/CIR
mechanism decides that a packet must be sent, the High priority queue will be
checked first. If the High priority queue is not empty, the first element in the
queue is forwarded to the MIR/CIR mechanism. Packets from the Low priority
queue will be forwarded only if the High queue is empty.

The prioritization of the packets is done using different classifiers:

! VLAN Priority

! ToS Priority: IP Precedence or DSCP

! UDP and/or TCP ports

Each one of these classifiers can be activated/deactivated. If more than one

classifier is activated, the priority of each packet will be determined by the
highest priority given to it by the active classifiers.

The Traffic Prioritization menu enables activating/deactivating each of these

classifiers, and configuring the applicable parameters for each classifier.

[Link].3.1 VLAN Priority Threshold

The VLAN Priority Threshold is applicable for Trunk and Hybrid Links only. It
enables defining the value of the VLAN Priority Threshold. If the VLAN Priority
field in a tagged frame is higher than the value of the VLAN Priority Threshold
parameter, the packet will be routed to the High queue. If the VLAN Priority field
is lower than or equal to this value, the packet will be transferred to the Low
queue (unless it is assigned a High priority by another classifier).

Valid values range from 0 to 7.

The default value is 7, which means that all packets get a low priority (equivalent
to disabling the VLAN-based classifier).

[Link].3.2 ToS Prioritization

The ToS Prioritization parameters enable defining prioritization in accordance
with either the 3 IP Precedence bits in the IP header in accordance with RFC 791,
or the 6 DSCP (Differentiated Services Code Point) bits in accordance with RFC
2474. The ToS Prioritization menu includes the following parameters:

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[Link].3.2.1 ToS Prioritization Option

The ToS Prioritization Option defines whether ToS-based prioritization is enabled
or disabled. The following options are available:

! Disable

! Enable IP Precedence (RFC791) Prioritization

! Enable DSCP (RFC2474) Prioritization

The default is Disable.

[Link].3.2.2 IP Precedence Threshold

The IP Precedence Threshold parameter is applicable when the ToS Prioritization
Option is set to Enable IP Precedence (RFC791) Prioritization. If the value of the 3
IP Precedence bits in the IP header is higher than this threshold, the packet is
routed to the High queue. If the value is lower than or equal to this threshold, the
packet will be transferred to the Low queue (unless it is assigned a High priority
by another classifier).

Valid values range from 0 to 7.

The default value is 7, which means that all packets get a low priority (equivalent
to disabling the IP Precedence-based classifier).

[Link].3.2.3 DSCP Threshold

The DSCP Threshold parameter is applicable when the ToS Prioritization Option
is set to Enable DSCP (RFC2474) Prioritization. If the value of the 6 DSCP bits in
the IP header is higher than this threshold, the packet is routed to the High
queue. If the value is lower than or equal to this threshold, the packet will be
routed to the Low queue (unless it is assigned a High priority by another
classifier).

Valid values range from 0 to 63.

The default value is 63, which means that all packets get a low priority
(equivalent to disabling the IP Precedence-based classifier).

[Link].3.3 UDP/TCP Port Ranges Traffic Prioritization

The UDP/TCP Port Ranges Traffic Prioritization parameters enable defining
prioritization in accordance with the UDP and/or TCP destination port ranges.
The UDP/TCP Port Ranges Traffic Prioritization menu includes the following
parameters:

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[Link].3.3.1 UDP/TCP Port Ranges Prioritization Option

The UDP/TCP Port Ranges Prioritization Option defines whether port ranges
based prioritization is enabled or disabled. The following options are available:

! Disable

! Enable Only for UDP

! Enable Only for TCP

! Enable for both UDP and TCP

The default is Disable.

[Link].3.3.2 UDP Port Ranges

The UDP Port Ranges menu enables defining port ranges to be used as priority
classifiers when the UDP/TCP Port Ranges Prioritization Option is set to either
Enable Only for UDP or Enable for both UDP and TCP. All packets whose
destination is included in the list will be routed to the High queue. All other
packets will be routed to the Low queue (unless they were assigned a High
priority by another classifier).

The UDP Port Ranges menu includes the following options:

! UDP RTP/RTCP Prioritization: Voice over IP is transported using Real Time

Protocol (RTP). The Real Time Control Protocol (RTCP) is used to control the
RTP. When an application uses RTP/RTCP, it chooses for destination ports
consecutive numbers: RTP port is always an even number, and the port with
the odd number following it will be assigned to RTCP.

If the administrator selects to prioritize only the RTP packets, then all the
packets with an odd numbered destination port will always have Low priority.
The packets with an even number for destination port will receive High
priority, if the port number is included in the specified ranges.

If the administrator selects to prioritize both RTP and RTCP packets, then all
packets whose destination port number is included is in the specified ranges
will receive High priority.

The available options are:

" RTP & RTCP

" RTP Only

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The default is RTP & RTCP

! Add UDP Port Ranges: This option enables adding UDP port ranges to the list
of priority port numbers. The list can include up to 64 ranges. It is possible to
add discrete port numbers and/or ranges. In ranges, a hyphen is used to
separate between start and end port numbers. A comma is used to separate
between entries.

For example: 8900,9000-9005,9010,9016-9017.

! Delete UDP Port Ranges: This option enables deleting UDP port ranges from
the list of priority port numbers. It is possible to delete discrete port numbers
and/or ranges. In ranges, a hyphen is used to separate between start and end
port numbers. A comma is used to separate between entries.

For example: 8900,9000-9005,9010,9016-9017.

! Delete All UDP Port Ranges: This option enables deleting all UDP port
ranges from the list of priority port numbers.

! Show UDP Port Ranges: Select this option to view the current UDP
RTP/RTCP Prioritization option and the list of UDP Port Ranges.

[Link].3.3.3 TCP Port Ranges

The TCP Port Ranges menu enables defining port ranges to be used as priority
classifiers when the UDP/TCP Port Ranges Prioritization Option is set to either
Enable Only for TCP or Enable for both UDP and TCP. All packets whose
destination is included in the list will be routed to the High queue. All other
packets will be routed to the Low queue (unless they were assigned a High
priority by another classifier).

The TCP Port Ranges menu includes the following options:

! TCP RTP/RTCP Prioritization: Voice over IP is transported using Real Time

Protocol (RTP). The Real Time Control Protocol (RTCP) is used to control the
RTP. When an application uses RTP/RTCP, it chooses for destination ports
consecutive numbers: RTP port is always an even number, and the port with
the odd number following it will be assigned to RTCP.

If the administrator selects to prioritize only the RTP packets, then all the
packets with an odd numbered destination port will always have Low priority.
The packets with an even number for destination port will receive High
priority, if the port number is included in the specified ranges.

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 Menus and Parameters

If the administrator selects to prioritize both RTP and RTCP packets, then all
packets whose destination port number is included in the specified ranges will
receive High priority.

The available options are:

" RTP & RTCP

" RTP Only

The default is RTP & RTCP

! Add TCP Port Ranges: This option enables adding TCP port ranges to the list
of priority port numbers. The list can include up to 64 ranges. It is possible to
add discrete port numbers and/or ranges. In ranges, a hyphen is used to
separate between start and end port numbers. A comma is used to separate
between entries.

For example: 8900,9000-9005,9010,9016-9017.

! Delete TCP Port Ranges: This option enables deleting TCP port ranges from
the list of priority port numbers. It is possible to delete discrete port numbers
and/or ranges. In ranges, a hyphen is used to separate between start and end
port numbers. A comma is used to separate between entries.

For example: 8900,9000-9005,9010,9016-9017.

! Delete All TCP Port Ranges: This option enables deleting all TCP port ranges
from the list of priority port numbers.

! Show TCP Port Ranges: Select this option to view the current TCP RTP/RTCP
Prioritization option and the list of TCP Port Ranges.

[Link].3.4 Show Traffic Prioritization

Displays the current values of the Traffic Prioritization parameters, including the
lists of UDP and TCP priority port ranges.

[Link].4 Show Service Parameters

Displays the current values of the Service Parameters, including the user filtering
parameters and MIR and CIR parameters.

[Link] Security Parameters

NetLink III systems can support encryption of authentication messages and/or
data frames using one of two encryption standards:

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! WEP Wireless Equivalent Privacy algorithm. WEP is defined in the IEEE

802.11 Wireless LAN standard and is based on the RSA’s RC4 encryption
algorithm.

! AES Advanced Encryption Standard. AES is defined by the National Institute

of Standards and Technology (NIST) and is based on Rijndael block cipher.

The following parameters are available through the Security Parameters menu (in
certain units some or all of the security options may not be available):

! Authentication Algorithm

! Data Encryption Option

! Security Mode

! Default Key (SU only)

! Default Multicast Key (AU only)

! Key # 1 to Key # 4

! Promiscuous Authentication (AU only)

[Link].1 Authentication Algorithm

The Authentication Algorithm option determines the operation mode of the
selected unit. The following two options are available:

! Open System: An SU configured to Open System can only associate with an

AU also configured to Open System. In this case, the authentication
encryption algorithm is not used.

! Shared Key: The authentication messages are encrypted. An SU configured to

use a Shared Key can only be authenticated by an AU configured to use a
Shared Key, provided the applicable Key (which means both the key number
and its content) in the AU is identical to the key selected as the Default Key in
the SU.

The default is Open System.

NOTE
The Shared Key option cannot be selected before at least one Key is defined. In the SU, a Default
Key that refers to a valid Key must be selected.
The AU and all the SUs it serves should be configured to the same Authentication Algorithm option.
Mixed operation is not supported.

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[Link].2 Data Encryption Option

The Data Encryption Option allows enabling or disabling data encryption. When
enabled, all data frames, including frames using management protocols such as
Telnet, FTP, TFTP, SNMP, DHCP and ICMP, are encrypted.

The default is Disable.

NOTE

! The AU and all the SUs it serves should be configured to the same Data Encryption Option.
Mixed operation is not supported.

! An SU with Data Encryption Option enabled can accept non-encrypted data frames.

! When the Data Encryption Option is enabled, the maximum number of SUs that can associate
with the AU is limited to 124. The Maximum Number of Associations Limit is indicated in the
Show Air Interface Parameters display.

[Link].3 Security Mode

The Security Mode option enables selecting the algorithm to be used for
encrypting the authentication messages and/or data frames.

The available options are WEP and AES.

The default is WEP.

[Link].4 Default Key (SU only)

The Default Key defines the Key to be used for encrypting/decrypting the
authentication messages (Shared Key mode) and/or data frames (Data
Encryption enabled). The AU learns the Default Key from the SU provided it is
one of the Keys defined in the AU. The AU may use different keys when
authenticating and/or communicating with different SUs.

Available values range from 1 to 4.

The default is KEY # 1.

[Link].5 Default Multicast Key (AU only)

The Multicast Default Key defines the Key to be used for encrypting/decrypting
multicasts and broadcasts when Data Encryption is enabled.

Available values range from 1 to 4.

The default is KEY # 1.

[Link].6 Key # 1 to Key # 4

The Key # options enables defining the encryption key to be used for initializing
the pseudo-random number generator that forms part of the
encryption/decryption process. The Keys must be set before the Shared Key
authentication algorithm or Data Encryption can be used. To support proper

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operation, both the Key # and the content must be identical at both sides of a
wireless link.

Each Key is a string of 32 hexadecimal numbers. For security reasons, it is a

“write only” parameter, displayed as a string of asterisks (“*”).

The default for all 4 Keys is 000…0 (a string of 32 zeros), which means no key.

[Link].7 Promiscuous Authentication (AU only)

The Promiscuous Authentication mode enables new SUs to join an active cell
where Shared Key operation and/or Data Encryption are used, even if this SU
does not have the correct security parameters. In promiscuous mode, all
downlink transmissions (from AU to SUs) are not encrypted, allowing remote
configuration of security parameters, regardless of the current settings in the SUs
of the parameters related to data encryption. After a new SU joins the cell it
should be remotely configured with the proper parameters (or upgraded). When
the SU is configured properly, the Promiscuous Mode should be disabled.

The default is Disable.

NOTE
Do not leave the AU in the enabled Promiscuous Authentication mode for prolonged periods. Use it
only when absolutely necessary, perform the required actions as quickly as possible and disable it.
The unit will return automatically to Promiscuous Authentication disabled mode after reset.

154 NetLink III System Manual

Appendix A - Network Management - NEW-
NMS

The NetLink Access Units (AUs) can be managed by the NEW-NMS network
management platform. SNMP based configuration and event management of
NetLink units is available through NEW-NMS. Events are based upon unsolicited
SNMP trap messages sent from AUs that are managed by NEW-NMS, and
Subscriber Units (SUs) that are associated to these AUs.

A.1 NEW-NMS
NEW-NMS stands for NERA Element vieW-Network Management System and is a
tool for performing network management functions on a NERA Management
Network (NMN). The network management functions NEW-NMS provides are
configuration of the network elements and monitoring of the network elements’
alarm and performance status. The NEW-NMS is an integral part of NERA
network management and benefits from the built-in management facilities of the
NERA network elements. The tool comes in two different flavors and can either be
used as an element configuration manager (NEW-Configurator) or as a network
manager (NEW-NMS).

NEW-NMS is a fully compliant 32-bits Windows application running on PC with a

minimum of Windows 98 (NEW-Configurator) or Windows 2000, Windows XP
Profesional, Windows Server 2003 operating system. If you have used other
Windows applications, the NEW-NMS graphical user interface will be familiar to
you.

NEW-NMS communicates with the NMN via a serial port connection to one or
more Network Elements in the NMN, or via a TCP/IP connection to one or more
Network Elements in the NMN.

NEW-NMS provides different facilities to users depending on their user privileges.

Four different user levels give an administrator possibility to limit the actions to
be performed by the users.

NEW-NMS offers full range management of NERA network elements. NEW-NMS

has the ability to perform configuration-, fault-, performance- and security-
management.
Appendix A - Network Management - NEW-NMS

NEW-NMS is the user interface to all NERA transmission and access products.
The key issue for the NEW-NMS is to present an NMN in the simplest possible
manner. The software has network auto-discovery and uses the configuration
data in the network elements to automatically build the network. The various
elements and their attributes may be accessed using the intuitively graphical
presentation of the element and its components. NEW-NMS has a continuously
updated display of network status and network events are reported from the
elements using notifications. NEW-NMS has extensive database and help facilities
that enable the user to analyze and report network events.

NEW-NMS can act as a mediation device to higher order management network

systems in various ways. It has a Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)
interface that allows communication with management platforms based on the
Internet standards.

NEW-NMS is also available in client/server version. The client/server version of

NEW-NMS provides enterprise wide access to the network. The server is
continuously monitoring the network, while clients connect to the server on
demand. The client ‘sees’ the same network as the server, and is able to perform
all tasks available in the standalone version of the NEW-NMS.

A.2 Key Features

NEW-NMS is designed to perform network management functions

NEW-NMS may be used to control one Network Element or manage an entire

network

Graphical user interface

Plug & play with network auto-discovery

Continuously updated display of network status

Data from various network elements displayed simultaneously

Full range management

Configuration

Fault

Performance

Security

Extensive database and help facilities

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 Network Management - NEW-NMS

Mediation device (SNMP)

A.3 NetLink SNMP Agent Configuration

In order for NEW-NMS to manage NetLink units, the NetLink SNMP agent must
be configured. Please refer to the chapter in the manual concerning initial
configuration of NetLink units for details. The basic parameters to be set, using
the Local Terminal, is the following:

ESSID

IP parameters: DHCP Client1 and/or IP Address, Sub-net Mask and Default

Gateway Address

SNMP Traps

Subscriber Units should be configured after the applicable Access Unit is

operational. When configuring Subscriber Units, the first parameter that should
be configured is the ESSID. Otherwise the unit will not successfully synchronize
with the Access Unit and will continuously reset itself, thus interfering with the
configuration process.

A.4 Managing NetLink units with NEW-NMS

Only NetLink Access Units (AUs) are registered as network elements in NEW-
NMS. To be able to configure NetLink elements, a TCP/IP connection to the
element must be established. Also, make sure that NEW-NMS is installed
properly as described in the manuals. For further details and general usage of
NEW-NMS, please see the NEW-NMS manuals or online help system.

A.5 Connecting NetLink units to NEW-NMS

Start NEW-NMS, and log on to a new network by entering user id and password.
NEW-NMS does not initially know the IP addresses of the NetLink AUs to manage,
so a connection to these must be established. There are two ways to contact and
add NetLink elements to a NEW-NMS network: adding elements manually, or by
using the automatic discover functionality in NEW-NMS. These methods are
briefly described below in sections A.5.2 and A.5.3, respectively.

It is not recommended to make use of the DHCP Client of the NetLink unit when
using NEW-NMS as manager. See section A.5.1 for details.

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Appendix A - Network Management - NEW-NMS

A.5.1 DHCP Client

It is not recommended to make use of the DHCP Client capabilities of the NetLink
equipment, when NEW-NMS is used for management. Enabling the DHCP Client
should be avoided, as reliable connectivity and element registration in NEW-NMS
is based upon the IP addresses of the units. If the IP addresses of the NetLink
units in the network changes (or is inter-changing) due to the characteristics of
DHCP, this may lead to NEW-NMS loosing contact with, or confusing connection
and registration to, the NetLink units that are registered in NEW-NMS networks.

A.5.2 Manual add

To manually configure a TCP/IP connection to the NetLink elements in the
network, select Communication from the Configuration menu. The following
dialog is displayed:

Figure 2 Network Communication dialog

Press the Add button and type the IP address of the NetLink AU into the address
field, check the SNMP Element check box as shown below, and press OK. Also
make sure that the SNMP read community string of the NetLink equipment is
provided in the Community text box. NEW-NMS will then try to contact the AU.

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 Network Management - NEW-NMS

Figure 3 Add Communication Port dialog

When the unit responds upon the contact attempt, and it is recognized as a
NetLink AU unit by NEW-NMS, the Add Elements dialog is displayed as shown
below.

Figure 4 Add Elements dialog

Select the element to add in the left-hand list and press the Add Selected button.
Alternatively, press the Add All button. The NetLink AU element is moved over to

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Appendix A - Network Management - NEW-NMS

the right-hand list. Press OK to close this dialog. The SNMP Agent Registration
dialog is then displayed:

Figure 5 SNMP Agent Registration dialog

In this dialog NetLink AU elements can be arranged into a specified Section,

Base Station and a Rack, to organize the network in NEW-NMS to resemble the
actual network. Type a section name, base station name and select a rack in the
drop down lists on the dialog.

When adding elements to a network that already contains other NetLink AUs, the
elements can be put into the same section, base station and rack as any existing
AU. New base stations can also be created into already existing sections, and new
racks can be created into base stations that already exist. However, it is not
possible to create a new base station with a name, which is equal to the name of
an existing base station, as this is prohibited in NEW-NMS.

When organizing several NetLink AU elements, check the Set as default Base
Station check box to make the chosen base station and rack default for all
subsequent AUs selected from the Add Elements dialog described above.

If the NetLink AU element to be added to the network is placed in a new base

station, the New Element dialog will be displayed:

160 NetLink III System Manual

 Network Management - NEW-NMS

Figure 6 New Element dialog

Press OK to agree to create the new base station, or press Cancel to return to the
NetLink Base Stations dialog described above, for changing the selection or
canceling the creation of a new base station. Checking this box applies only for
all subsequent AUs selected from the Add Elements dialog.

Just as you can create new elements you can also create new sections and place
elements in these sections. The section name should be unique in the network
you are creating a new section in. No element types other than NetLink may
occupy these sections.

Figure 7 New Section dialog

A.5.3 Automatic discover

Before making use of the automatic discover functionality of NEW-NMS, an IP
address search area range and SNMP community names for NEW-NMS to use
must be provided. Select Options... from the Tools menu, and the following
dialog will be displayed:

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Appendix A - Network Management - NEW-NMS

Figure 8 Options dialog displaying the Community & Ports page (SNMP)

Add IP address range(s) and SNMP community names to the Search Areas list of
the SNMP-> Community & Ports branch of the tree-view in the window on the
left of the dialog. For further details regarding this dialog, please refer to the
NEW-NMS manual or the online help system provided by NEW-NMS. Press OK
when finished, and select Discover from the File menu to automatically discover
NetLink elements in the network. The Add Elements dialog will be shown
containing all elements that have responded and have been recognized as
supported radio elements by NEW-NMS. Continue to allocate base station(s) and
so on, as described above for manual adding of NetLink elements.

A.6 Accessing NetLink Subscriber Units

NetLink Subscriber Units (SUs) can also be reached by NEW-NMS. They are
automatically connected to their associated AU and drawn as a node under the
AU.

They are however not considered by NEW-NMS as a poll able agent type and
therefore will not show the “Lost contact” alarm. They will however be capable of
sending traps to NEW-NMS.

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 Network Management - NEW-NMS

When using the automatic discover functionality SU’s will appear under their
corresponding AU, if an SU is discovered at a later time it will automatically be
placed under it’s AU. No user intervention is required for SU’s. An SU will not be
shown if it’s corresponding AU is unavailable.

A.7 Event management of NetLink units in

NEW-NMS
The event management feature of NEW-NMS includes display and logging of the
unsolicited SNMP trap messages reported by the SNMP agent in the NetLink
units. This includes:

The ability to receive, or optionally not to receive (discarding), SNMP traps from
NetLink units that are registered as elements to NEW-NMS. This embraces the
2
registered AUs, and additionally the SUs that are recognized as associated
stations to these AUs.

The ability to record the received SNMP traps in the NEW-NMS database

The ability to visually notify the user of received SNMP traps

Make sure that the NetLink units to be managed by NEW-NMS are configured to
send traps to the management station running NEW-NMS. Please refer to the
chapter in the manual concerning enabling of SNMP traps for details.

Please refer to the NEW-NMS online help system for more details about the event
management features of NEW-NMS regarding NetLink units.

A.8 Configuration of NetLink units

Select a NetLink AU or SU in the explorer tree view of the network, and select
Configuration->Launch Configurator from context menu by right-clicking on the
node. This launches the NetLink I, II or III Configure application depending on
the type of Netlink the node represents.

Note: NetLink I, II or III configure uses port 162 to receive traps from the NetLink
units. NEW-NMS is also using this port for trap reception (by default). If NetLink
I, II or III Configure is launched from within NEW-NMS, a port conflict occurs,
and the following dialog is displayed:

2
IP address of SU is known to NEW-NMS

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Appendix A - Network Management - NEW-NMS

Figure 9 NetLink II Configure port conflict warning dialog

Press OK on the dialog, and NetLink I, II or III Configure will be launched.

However, NetLink I, II or III Configure can not be used to receive traps.

164 NetLink III System Manual

 Software Version Loading Using TFTP

Appendix B - Software Version Loading

Using TFTP

NetLink III System Manual 165

Appendix B - Software Version Loading Using TFTP

Firmware upgrades to the unit's FLASH memory can be performed by a simple

loading procedure using a TFTP application. Before performing an upgrade
procedure, be sure you have the correct files and most recent instructions.

Upgrade packages can be obtained from the Technical Support section of Nera
Networks's web site, [Link] [Link]/.

CAUTION
Shutting down power to the unit before completion of the loading procedure may cause the unit to
be inoperable.

To load software versions:

1 Verify that IP connectivity to the required unit is established.

2 Ensure that the IP address of the PC from which the upgrade is to be

performed belongs to the same subnet as the unit to be upgraded, unless the
unit is behind a router. If the unit is behind a router, verify that the unit is
configured with the correct Default Gateway Address.

3 To view the current IP parameters of the unit, use the Monitor program by
connecting the PC to the unit either directly or via Telnet. To access the IP
parameters via the Monitor program:

a From the Main Menu select 1 - Info Screens.

b From the Info Screen menu select 2 - Show Basic Configuration. The
current basic configuration is displayed, including the run time values for
the IP Address, Subnet Mask and Default Gateway Address parameters.

4 To modify any of the IP parameters:

a From the Main Menu, select 3 - Basic Configuration.

b To configure the IP address, select: 1 - IP Address.

c To configure the subnet mask, select 2 - Subnet Mask.

d To configure the default gateway address, select 3 - Default Gateway

Address.

5 To verify the connection, PING the unit's IP address and verify that PING
replies are being received.

6 Use the TFTP utility, with the following syntax, to perform the upgrade:

tftp -i hostaddress put sourcefile [destinationfile]

where -i is for binary mode and hostaddress is the IP address of the unit to be
upgraded. put causes the PC client to send a file to the hostaddress.

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 Software Version Loading Using TFTP

7 The original sourcefile name of SW files is in the structure uX_Y_Z.bz, where u

is the unit type (a for AU, s for SU) and X.Y.Z is the version number.

8 destinationfile is the name of the file to be loaded. Use the SNMP write
community <SnmpWriteCommunity>.bz to define the destination filename.
The default SNMP write community is private. For example, to load the
upgrade file a1_0_6.bz to an AU whose IP address is [Link]: tftp -i
[Link] put a1_0_6.bz [Link]

9 When the loading is complete, the following message is displayed, indicating

completion of the TFTP process:

Download operation has been completed successfully

10 The unit decompresses the loaded file and checks the integrity of the new
version. The new version replaces the previous shadow version only after
verification. If verification tests fail, the loaded version will be rejected. Among
other things that are tested, the unit will reject a file if either the file name or
the version number matches the current Main versions. The unit will also
reject a file designated for a different unit type, e.g. an AU upgrade file with
the prefix a in the original file name will not be accepted by SUs.

11 The FLASH memory can store two software versions. One version is called
Current and the second version is called Shadow. The new version is loaded
into the Shadow (backup) FLASH memory. To check that the new firmware
was properly downloaded and verified, view the firmware versions stored in
the FLASH, as follows:

a From the Main Menu, select 2 - Unit Control.

b From the Unit Control menu, select 5 - Flash Memory Control.

c From the Flash Memory Control menu, select S - Show Flash Versions.
The following information is displayed:

Flash Versions
============
Running from :Main Version
Main Version File Name :1_0_5.bz
Main Version Number :1.0.5
Shadow Version File Name :1_0_6.bz
File Name Number :1.0.6

NetLink III System Manual 167

Appendix C - File Download and Upload
Using TFTP
Appendix C - File Download and Upload Using TFTP

The File Download/Upload feature simplifies the task of remotely configuring a

large number of units using TFTP protocol. By downloading the configuration file
to a PC it is possible to view all the parameters configured for the unit, as a plain
ASCII text file. It is necessary to edit the file using a simple editor and remove
certain parameters or change their values prior to uploading the configuration to
another unit. The file loading procedure can also be used for uploading a feature
license file or an updated country code file to multiple units.

When multiple configurations are being done simultaneously, that is, the file is
being uploaded to several units, it is recommended that the file will include only
the required parameters.

In the configuration file, the following three fields represent each parameter:

1 A symbolic string similar to the name of the parameter in the Monitor

program, followed by "=".

2 The value of the parameters, which uses the same values as the Monitor
program.

3 An optional comment. If used, the comment should start with a ";" character.

An unknown parameter will be ignored. A known parameter with a value that is

invalid or out of range will be set by the unit to its default value.

Use the SNMP write community string (the default is “private”) to define both the
uploaded file (put) and the downloaded file (get). The file should be transferred in
ASCII mode.

Use the extension cfg for a configuration file.

Use the extension cmr for the Operator Defaults file.

Use the extension fln for a Feature License file.

Use the extension ccf for a Country Code file.

Feature license and country code files include multiple strings, where each string
is applicable only for a certain unit identified by its MAC address. When
uploading a feature license or a country code file to multiple units, each unit will
accept only the parts that are applicable for itself.

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 File Download and Upload Using TFTP

Examples:

1 To upload the configuration file using a DOS based TFTP Client to an SU

whose IP address is [Link], enter:
tftp [Link] put Suconf [Link]

2 To download the Operator Defaults file from the same unit, enter:
tftp [Link] get [Link] Suconf

3 To upload the Feature Upgrade file to the same unit, enter:

tftp [Link] put [Link] Suconf

4 To upload the Country Code file from to same unit, enter:

tftp [Link] put [Link] Suconf

NOTE
The Configuration File mechanism is common to NetLink III and N2N-Link product lines. The
Configuration File includes also parameters that are applicable only to N2N-Link products: burst
Mode Option and Burst Interval. Do not attempt to change the default values of these parameters.

NetLink III System Manual 171

Appendix D - Using the Set Factory
Defaults Utility
Appendix D - Using the Set Factory Defaults Utility

The Set Factory Defaults utility is intended to enable management access to a

unit in cases where such access is not possible due to wrong or unknown
configuration of certain parameters. This includes cases such as unknown
Management VLAN ID and wrong management access filtering.

The utility accesses the unit by sending a special packet. Access to the unit is
based on its MAC address, which must be entered in the Unit MAC address field.

The set unit defaults feature is only available via the Ethernet port.

To set factory defaults:

1 Connect the PC with the Set Factory Defaults utility to the Ethernet port of
the unit.

2 Enter the unit’s MAC address.

3 Click on the Set button.

This utility performs the same operation as Set Complete Factory Defaults,
restoring the default factory configuration of all parameters, except to Passwords,
general FTP parameters and AU’s Frequency.

174 NetLink III System Manual

Appendix E - Preparing the Indoor to
Outdoor SU Cable
Appendix E - Preparing the Indoor to Outdoor SU Cable

The Indoor-to-Outdoor cable provides pin-to-pin connection on both ends.

Figure E-1 shows the wire pair connections required for the Indoor-to-Outdoor
cable.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

4+5
1+2 7+8

3+6

Figure E-1: Ethernet Connector Pin Assignments

The color codes used in cables that are supplied with crimped connectors are as
listed in the following table:

Cable Color Codes

Wire color Pin

Blue 1

Blue/white 2

Orange 3

Orange/white 6

Brown 4

Brown/white 5

Green 7

Green/white 8

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 Preparing the Indoor to Outdoor SU Cable

Use a crimp tool for RJ-45 connectors to prepare the wires, insert them into the
appropriate pins and use the crimp tool to crimp the connector. Make sure to do
the following:

1 Remove as small a length as possible of the external jacket. Verify that the
external jacket is well inside the service box to ensure good sealing.

2 Take back the shield drain wire before inserting the cable into the RJ-45
connector, to ensure a good connection with the connector's shield after
crimping.

NetLink III System Manual 177

Appendix F - Parameters Summary
Appendix F - Parameters Summary

In This Appendix:

! The tables provide an at a glance summary of the configurable parameters,

value ranges, and default values. In addition, each parameter entry also
includes an indication as to whether the parameter is updated in run-time or
whether the unit must be reset before the modification takes effect.

F.1 Parameters Summary

F.1.1 Unit Control Parameters

Parameter Unit Range Default Run-Time

Change Unit Name AU, SU Up to 32 printable ASCII None Yes
characters
Change Read Only AU, SU Up to 8 printable ASCII public No
Password characters
Change Installer AU, SU Up to 8 printable ASCII user No
Password characters
Change AU, SU Up to 8 printable ASCII private No
Administrator characters
Password
FTP SW Version AU, SU Up to 20 printable ASCII [Link] Yes
File Name characters. An empty string
is not allowed.
Configuration File AU, SU Up to 20 printable ASCII [Link] Yes
Name characters. An empty string
is not allowed.
Operator Defaults AU, SU Up to 20 printable ASCII [Link] Yes
File Name characters. An empty string
is not allowed.
FTP Source Dir AU, SU Up to 80 printable ASCII None (empty) Yes
characters. Use “.” to clear.
FTP Client IP AU, SU IP address [Link] No
Address
FTP Client IP Mask AU, SU IP address [Link] No
FTP Server IP AU, SU IP address [Link] No
Address
FTP Gateway IP AU, SU IP address [Link] No
Address
FTP User Name AU, SU Up to 18 printable ASCII vx No
characters
FTP Password AU, SU Up to 18 printable ASCII Vx No
characters
FTP Log File Name AU, SU Up to 20 printable ASCII [Link] Yes
characters
FTP Log File AU, SU Up to 80 printable ASCII None (empty) Yes
Destination characters. Use “.” to clear.
Directory

180 NetLink III System Manual

 Parameters Summary

Parameter Unit Range Default Run-Time

Event Log Policy AU, SU Warning Yes
! Message

! Warning

! Error

! Fatal

! Log None
Log Out Timer AU, SU 1-999 minutes 5 Yes
Ethernet Port AU, SU Auto Negotiation No
Negotiation Mode ! Force 10 Mbps and Half-
Duplex

! Force 10 Mbps and Full-

Duplex

! Force 100 Mbps and

Half-Duplex

! Force 100 Mbps and

Full-Duplex

! Auto Negotiation
Change System AU, SU Up to 34 printable ASCII None Yes
Location characters
Manual Feature AU, SU License string: 32 to 64 None No
Upgrade hexadecimal digits

F.1.2 IP Parameters

Parameter Unit Range Default Run-Time

IP Address AU, SU IP address [Link] No
Subnet Mask AU, SU IP address [Link] No
Default Gateway AU, SU IP address [Link] No
Address
DHCP Option AU, SU Disable No
! Disable

! DHCP Only

! Automatic
Access to DHCP AU, SU AU: From Ethernet No
! From Wireless Only Only
! From Ethernet Only
SU: From Wireless
! From Both Wireless and Only
Ethernet

NetLink III System Manual 181

Appendix F - Parameters Summary

F.1.3 Air Interface Parameters

Parameter Unit Range Default Run-Time

ESSID AU, SU Up to 31 printable ASCII ESSID1 No
characters
Operator ESSID AU Enable No
Option ! Disable

! Enable
Operator ESSID AU Up to 31 printable ASCII ESSID1 No
characters
Best AU Support SU Disable No
! Disable

! Enable
Number of SU 1 – 255 4 No
Scanning
Attempts
Preferred AU SU MAC Address 00-00-00-00-00-00 Yes
MAC Address (no preferred AU)
Scanning Mode SU Passive, Active Passive No
Cell Distance AU Automatic, Manual Automatic No
Mode
Maximum Cell AU 0-54 (Km) 0 (no compensation) Yes
Distance 0 means no compensation

Fairness Factor AU 0 – 100 (%) 100 (%) No

Arbitration Inter- AU, SU 2 time slots Yes
Frame Spacing ! 1 time slot

! 2 time slots
Wireless Trap AU 1-100 (%) 30 (%) Yes
Threshold
Maximum AU AU-BS, AU-SA: 1-512 AU-BS, AU-SA:512 Yes
Number of (1-124 if Data Encryption
Associations Option is enabled). AUS-BS,AUS-SA:5
AUS-BS, AUS-SA: 1-5
Sub-Band AU, SU According to the Country 1 No
Select* Code
Frequency AU According to the Sub-Band The lowest frequency No
in the Sub-Band

DFS Option** AU Dependent on Country No

! Disable DFS Support: If DFS is
supported by the
! Enable
country code then the
default will be Enable,
else it will be Disable.

Frequency AU According to the Sub-Band. A No

Subset Definition A list of frequency indexes
(in AU)** or A for all frequencies
supported by the Sub-Band

Frequency SU According to the Sub-Band. A (All) No

Subset Definition A list of frequency indexes
(in SU) or A for all frequencies
supported by the Sub-Band

Channel Check AU 1 – 3600 (seconds) 60 (seconds) No

Time**

182 NetLink III System Manual

 Parameters Summary

Parameter Unit Range Default Run-Time

Channel AU 1 – 60 (minutes) 30 (minutes) No
Avoidance
Period**
SU Waiting AU Enable No
Option** ! Disable

! Enable
Minimum Pulses AU 1-100 6 No
to Detect**
Clear radar AU Disable Yes
Detected ! Disable
Channels After
! Enable
Reset**
Channel Reuse AU Disable No
Option** ! Disable

! Enable
Radar Activity AU 1 – 12 hours 5 hours No
Assessment
Period**
Maximum AU 1 – 10 detections 5 detections No
Number of
Detections in
Assessment
Period**
Country Code AU Enable Yes
Learning by SU ! Disable

! Enable
Tx Power For AU, SU -10 dBm to a value The highest allowed Yes
Modulation determined by the HW, value
Levels 1 to 5 Country Code and other
parameters
Tx Power For AU, SU -10 dBm to a value The highest allowed Yes
Modulation Level determined by the HW, value
6 Country Code and other
parameters
Tx Power For AU, SU -10 dBm to a value The highest allowed Yes
Modulation Level determined by the HW, value
7 Country Code and other
parameters
Tx Power For AU, SU -10 dBm to a value The highest allowed Yes
Modulation Level determined by the HW, value
8 Country Code and other
(HW rev. B and parameters
higher)
Max Tx Power SU -10 dBm to a value The highest allowed Yes
For Modulation determined by the HW, value
Levels 1 to 5 Country Code and other
parameters
Max Tx Power SU -10 dBm to a value The highest allowed Yes
For Modulation determined by the HW, value
Level 6 Country Code and other
parameters
Max Tx Power SU -10 dBm to a value The highest allowed Yes
For Modulation determined by the HW, value
Level 7 Country Code and other
parameters

NetLink III System Manual 183

Appendix F - Parameters Summary

Parameter Unit Range Default Run-Time

Max Tx Power SU -10 dBm to a value The highest allowed Yes
For Modulation determined by the HW, value
Level 8 Country Code and other
(HW rev. B and parameters
higher)
ATPC Option AU, SU Enable Yes
! Disable

! Enable
Delta from AU 4-20 (dB) Yes
Minimum SNR ! Units in 5.4, 5.8
Level GHz bands: 5 (dB)

! Units in the 4.9, 5.2

and 5.3 GHz
bands: 11 (dB)
Minimum SNR AU 4-60 (dB) 28 (dB) Yes
Level
Minimum AU 1-3600 (seconds) 30 (seconds) Yes
Interval Between
ATPC Messages
ATPC Power AU 1-20 (dB) 4 Yes
Level Steps
Tx Control AU On Yes (unit is
! Off reset
automatically)
! On
Antenna Gain AU, 0 – 50 (dB) AU: According to the No
SU*** antenna supplied with
the unit.
SU: NA
Spectrum AU, SU 2 – 30 seconds 5 seconds No
Analysis
Channel Scan
Period
Spectrum AU, SU 1 – 100 cycles 2 cycles No
Analysis Scan
Cycles
Automatic AU Disable No
Channel ! Disable (Configured
Selection per analysis)
! Enable

* Not applicable if only one Sub-Band is available for the applicable Country Code

** Applicable only if DFS is supported by the Sub-Band

*** Configurable only in units without an integral antenna.

184 NetLink III System Manual

 Parameters Summary

F.1.4 Network Management Parameters

Parameter Unit Range Default Run-Time

Access to AU, SU From Both Ethernet No
Network ! From Wireless Link Only and Wireless Link
Management
! From Ethernet Only

! From Both Ethernet and

Wireless Link
Network AU, SU Disable No
Management ! Disable
Filtering
! Activate Management IP
Filter On Ethernet Port

! Activate Management IP
Filter On Wireless Port

! Activate Management IP
Filter On Both Ethernet and
Wireless Ports
Set Network AU, SU IP address [Link] No
Management (all 10 entries)
IP Address
Set/Change AU, SU <start address> to <end [Link] TO [Link] No
Network address> (all 10 entries)
Management or,
IP Address <base address> mask <mask>
Ranges
Send SNMP AU, SU Disable Yes
Traps ! Disable

! Enable
SNPM Traps AU, SU IP address [Link] No
IP Destination (all 10 entries)
SNMP Traps AU, SU Up to 14 printable ASCII public No
Community characters (all 10 entries)

F.1.5 Bridge Parameters

Parameter Unit Range Default Run-

Time
VLAN ID-Data SU 1 – 4094 1 No
VLAN ID – AU, SU 1 – 4094, 65535 65535 (no VLAN) No
Management
VLAN Link Type AU, SU Hybrid Link No
! Hybrid Link

! Trunk Link

! Access Link (only in SU)

VLAN Forwarding AU, SU Disable, Enable Disable No
Support
VLAN Forwarding AU, SU 1 – 4094 Empty list No
ID (up to 20 entries)
VLAN Relaying AU Disable, Enable Disable No
Support

NetLink III System Manual 185

Appendix F - Parameters Summary

Parameter Unit Range Default Run-

Time
VLAN Relaying ID AU 1 – 4094 Empty list No
(up to 20 entries)
VLAN Priority – SU 0–7 0 No
Data
VLAN Priority – AU, SU 0–7 0 No
Management
Ethernet Broadcast SU Disable Yes
Filtering Options ! Disable,

! On Ethernet Port Only

! On Wireless Port Only

! On Both Wireless and

Ethernet Ports
DHCP Broadcast SU Disable Yes
Override Filter ! Disable

! Enable
PPPoE Broadcast SU Disable Yes
Override Filter ! Disable

! Enable
ARP Broadcast SU Enable Yes
Override Filter ! Disable

! Enable
Ethernet AU, SU Disable Yes
Broadcast/Multicast ! Disable
Limiter Option
! Limit only Broadcast
Packets

! Limit Multicast Packets

that are not Broadcasts

! Limit All Multicast

Packets (including
broadcast)
Ethernet AU, SU 0 – 204800 (packets/second) 50 Yes
Broadcast/Multicast
Limiter Threshold
Ethernet AU, SU 1 – 60 (minutes) 5 (minutes) Yes
Broadcast/Multicast
Limiter Send Trap
Interval
Bridge Aging Time AU, SU 20 – 2000 seconds 300 No
Broadcast Relaying AU Disable, Enable Enable No
Unicast Relaying AU Enable No
! Disable

! Enable
MAC Address AU Up to 100 MAC addresses None (empty) Yes
Deny List
Roaming Option SU Disable No
! Disable

! Enable
Ethernet Port SU Enable Yes
Control ! Disable

! Enable

186 NetLink III System Manual

 Parameters Summary

F.1.6 Performance Parameters

Parameter Unit Range Default Run-Time

RTS Threshold AU, SU 20 – 4032 (bytes) AU: 4032 Yes

SU: 60
Minimum AU, SU 0, 7, 15, 31, 63, 127, 255, 15 Yes
Contention 511, 1023
Window
Maximum AU, SU 7, 15, 31, 63, 127, 255, 511, 1023 Yes
Contention 1023
Window
Maximum AU, SU According to the Min/Max The highest available Yes
Modulation Level Modulation Level defined for value
the Sub-Band
Multicast AU According to the Min/Max The lowest available Yes
Modulation Level Modulation Level defined for value
the Sub-Band
Number of HW AU, SU 1 - 15 10 Yes
Retries
Average SNR AU, SU -1 to 32 5 Yes
Memory Factor
Burst Mode AU, SU Enable No
Option* ! Disable

! Enable
Burst Mode Time AU, SU 1 to the value defined in the 5 milliseconds or the Yes
Interval* Sub-Band for Maximum value of Maximum
Burst Duration (milliseconds) Burst Duration
defined for the Sub-
Band (the lower of the
two values).
Adaptive AU, SU Enable No
Modulation ! Disable
Option
! Enable
Minimum Interval AU, SU 1-3600 (seconds) 4 (seconds) Yes
Between
Adaptive
Modulation
Messages
Adaptive AU, SU Normal No
Modulation ! Normal
Decisión
! High
Threshold
Concatenation AU, SU Enable No
Option ! Disable

! Enable
Maximum AU, SU 2 – 8 frames 8 No
Number of
Frames

* Applicable only if Burst Mode is supported by the Sub-Band.

NetLink III System Manual 187

Appendix F - Parameters Summary

F.1.7 Service Parameters

Parameter Unit Range Default Run-Time

User Filtering SU Disable Yes
Option ! Disable

! IP Protocol Only

! User Defined Addresses Only

! PPPoE Protocol Only

Set/Change SU <start address> to <end address> [Link] TO No
Filter IP or, [Link]
Address <base address> mask <mask> (all 8 entries)
Ranges
DHCP Unicast SU Disable DHCP Yes
Override Filter ! Disable DHCP Unicast Unicast
! Enable DHCP Unicast
MIR: Downlink SU SU-3: 128-2048 (Kbps) SU-3: 2048 No
SU-6: 128-3968 (Kbps) SU-6: 3968
SU-54: 128-53888 (Kbps) SU-54: 32896
MIR: Uplink SU SU-3: 128-2048 (Kbps) SU-3: 2048 No
SU-6: 128-3968 (Kbps) SU-6: 3968
SU-54: 128-538888 (Kbps) SU-54: 32896
CIR: Downlink SU SU-3: 0-2048 (Kbps) 0 (Kbps No
SU-6: 0-3968 (Kbps)
SU-54: 0-45056 (Kbps)
CIR: Uplink SU SU-3: 0-2048 (Kbps) 0 (Kbps) No
SU-6: 0-3968 (Kbps)
SU-54: 0-45056 (Kbps)
Maximum SU 300 – 10,000 (ms) 5,000 (ms) No
Delay
Maximum Burst AU, SU 0 – 2,000 (ms) 5 (ms) No
Duration
Graceful AU 0 – 70 (%) 70 (%) No
Degradation
Limit
MIR Only AU Enable No
Option ! Disable

! Enable
VLAN Priority AU, SU 0–7 7 No
Threshold
ToS AU, SU Disable No
Prioritization ! Disable
Option
! Enable IP Precedence
(RFC791) Prioritization

! Enable DSCP (RFC2474)

Prioritization
IP Precedence AU, SU 0–7 7 No
Threshold
DSCP AU, SU 0 – 63 63 No
Threshold

188 NetLink III System Manual

 Parameters Summary

Parameter Unit Range Default Run-Time

UDP/TCP Port AU, SU Disable No
Ranges ! Disable
Prioritization
! Enable Only for UDP
Option
! Enable Only for TCP

! Enable for both UDP and TCP

UDP AU, SU RTP & RTCP No
RTP/RTCP ! RTP & RTCP
Prioritization
! RTP Only
TCP AU, SU RTP & RTCP No
RTP/RTCP ! RTP & RTCP
Prioritization
! RTP Only

F.1.8 Security Parameters

Parameter Unit Range Default Run-Time

Authentication AU, SU Open system No
Algorithm* ! Open system

! Shared Key
Data Encryption AU, SU Disable No
Option* ! Disable

! Enable
Security Mode* AU, SU WEP No
! WEP

! AES
Default Key SU 1-4 1 No
Default AU 1-4 1 No
Multicast Key
Key # 1 to Key AU, SU 32 hexadecimal digits 0…0 (all 0=no No
#4 key)
Promiscuous AU Disable Yes
Authentication ! Disable (Disable
after reset)
! Enable

* Applicable only if supported by the Sub-Band.

NetLink III System Manual 189

Appendix G - Using the Feature License
Web Application
Appendix G - Using the Feature License Web Application

G.1 The Feature License Web Application

Certain features of NetLink III products may be upgraded through loading special
feature license strings. When you receive the invoice for new license(s) purchased,
use the Nera Networks web site for getting license strings for specific products.

To access the Feature License Application:

1 In the Nera Networks web site ([Link] [Link]), select the Customer
Service option.

2 In the Customer Service page, select the Service Call Entry option.

3 In the User Login form, enter your User ID and Password and click Login.

4 Select SSM - Customer Service Area.

5 Select the Feature License option.

The Get Feature License Key form with the current status of your license(s) is
displayed.

192 NetLink III System Manual

 The Feature License Web Application

To get details on the updated status of your licenses:

Check on the License Key Enquiry button to get the updated status of the
licenses.

The displayed information includes account history with details on all license
strings that were provided.

To get a License Key for a single device:

1 Check the required feature license entry and click on the Get Key button. The
Enter MAC Address form will be displayed:

2 Enter the MAC Address of the device you want to upgrade.

3 Click on the Get Key button. The License Key for the device will be displayed.

NOTE
An error message will be displayed upon requesting a key for a non-valid MAC address.

To get License Keys for multiple devices:

This feature enables you to load a list of MAC Addresses from a pre-prepared
Excel file.

NOTE
The Excel file should contain a single column of MAC addresses (no empty cells). This must be
column A, starting at row 1, which is the title row.

1 Check the required feature license and click on Upload MAC Address List
from Excel button. The Get MAC Addresses from Excel File form will be
displayed:

NetLink III System Manual 193

Appendix G - Using the Feature License Web Application

NOTE
You may need to change your Browser security settings. For details press the Change Security
Level link in the form.

2 Use the browser or enter the path to the MAC addresses file. Enter the MAC
address of the device you want to upgrade.

3 Click on the Import File button to get a list of License Keys for the devices
included in the Excel file.

NOTE
An error message will be displayed upon requesting a key for a non-valid MAC address.

G.1.1 Loading License Strings to Devices

To upgrade a single device:

There are several methods of loading a feature license string to a single device:

! Using Telnet: Use the Feature Upgrade option in the Unit Control menu.

! Using TFTP: Use the file with the extension “.fln” for feature license strings.
Refer to Appendix B (File Upload and Download Using TFTP) for more details.

194 NetLink III System Manual

 The Feature License Web Application

! Using NetLink III Config: Enter the license string in the Feature Upgrade
field of the Unit Control window. Refer to the NetLink III Config User’s Guide
for more details.

To upgrade multiple devices using a feature licenses file:

! Using TFTP: Use the file with the extension “.fln” for feature license strings.
Refer to Appendix B (File Upload and Download Using TFTP) for more details.
Note that Feature license files include multiple strings, where each string is
applicable only for a certain unit identified by its MAC address. When
uploading a feature license or a country code file to multiple units, each unit
will accept only the parts that are applicable for it.

! Using NetLink III Config: Use the File Loading Utility. Refer to the NetLink III
Config User Manual for more details.

NOTE
After completing loading process, reset the unit(s) to apply the change. Use the Info Screens menu
(Show Unit Status) to verify that the unit has been upgraded.

NetLink III System Manual 195

Appendix H - Troubleshooting
Appendix H - Troubleshooting

H.1 Troubleshooting
H.1.1 Ethernet Port Connection Problems

Problem and Indication Possible Cause Corrective Action

The Ethernet Integrity Indicator Wrong type of Ethernet If connected directly to PC-use a
(the yellow LED embedded in cable crossed cable. Otherwise-use a
the Ethernet connector) is off, straight cable
and/or the Ethernet Activity
Indicator (the green embedded Faulty Ethernet cable Replace cable
LED) does not blink when there
should be traffic on the
Ethernet port.
The unit does not respond to Wrong IP configuration Make sure that the PC is on the same
ping. subnet as the unit*.

Wrong Ethernet port Make sure that the speed and duplex
operation mode settings in the PC match the
configuration in the unit (the default is
Auto Negotiation)

* If the IP parameters of the unit are unknown, use the Set Factory Defaults utility to
restore the default factory configuration of all parameters (except to Passwords, general
FTP parameters and AU’s Frequency). The IP address of the unit after setting to factory
defaults is [Link].

H.1.2 SU Association Problems

Problem and Indication Possible Cause Corrective Action

SU does not associate with AU Wrong configuration Check proper configuration of basic
parameters:

! ESSID

! Sub-band and frequencies subset

! Best AU parameters

! ATPC Option

! Transmit Power

! Maximum Transmit Power

! Antenna Gain

! Security parameters: Authentication

Algorithm, and Default Key. If
necessary-use Promiscuous Mode in
AU.
Access is denied by Verify that the SU is not included in MAC
AU Address Deny List of the AU.

198 NetLink III System Manual

 Troubleshooting

Problem and Indication Possible Cause Corrective Action

Link quality is too low

! Verify that unit is in coverage area of
AU according to radio planning.

! Verify that antenna is directed toward

the AU

! Try to improve location/height of

antenna.

H.1.3 Low Throughput Problems

Problem and Indication Possible Cause Corrective Action

Low throughput is suspected Ethernet link

problems ! Verify proper settings of Ethernet
(Check the dominant operation mode (actual Ethernet
Modulation Level in Per rate speed of 100 Mbps).
Counters and see expected
! Check Ethernet counters
throughput in the “Expected
Throughput” table below) Wrong configuration Verify that Maximum Modulation level is
of Maximum not set to a value that is not too low
Modulation level according to the “Recommended
Maximum Modulation Level” table below.
Low throughput of Non-optimal A value that is too low (see the
multicast/broadcast traffic configuration of “Recommended Maximum Modulation
Multicast Modulation Level” table below) may degrade
level throughput of broadcast and multicast
traffic.
High retransmissions rate Interference Check for interference using the
problems Spectrum Analysis Mode. If necessary,
(retransmissions rate change the operating frequency of the
in excess of 15%) AU.

Expected Throughput in Mbps, TCP session @ 20 MHz Bandwidth,

Burst Mode Disabled

NetLink III System Manual 199

Appendix H - Troubleshooting

Modulation Level SU-54 SU-6 SU-3

1 4.1 3.7 1.9

2 5.5 3.7 1.9

3 7 3.7 1.9

4 9 3.7 1.9

5 11.5 3.7 1.9

6 15 3.7 1.9

7 17 3.7 1.9

8 17.5 3.7 1.9

Recommended Maximum Modulation Level*

SNR Maximum Modulation Level

SNR > 23 dB 8

21 dB < SNR < 23 dB 7

16 dB< SNR < 21 dB 6

13 dB < SNR < 16 dB 5

10 dB < SNR < 13 dB 4

8 dB < SNR < 10 dB 3

7 dB < SNR < 8 dB 2

6 dB < SNR < 7 dB 1

* The maximum supported value depends on the unit’s HW revision and on the Max
Modulation Level according to the Sub-Band.

200 NetLink III System Manual