HHL
Would rather…(than) and prefer…to to talk about preferences
Would rather(than)
Focuses on what we want to do
Use the base form of a verb after would rather and than
Never use than after would rather not
Example
1. I would rather read this novel than play computer games.
2. Sally would rather not eat junk food because she wants to stay
healthy.
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Prefer…to
Talks about something we like doing in general
Compares something we want with something we do not want as
much
Example
1. I prefer to watch films.
Dad prefers to read novels.
2. I prefer watching films.
Dad prefers reading novels.
3. Sally prefers visiting a museum to watching a documentary.
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HHL
Using be used to and used to
Be used to
1. Something done/experienced so often that it is no longer new or
strange to us*
2. Instead of the verb to be, we can also use the verbs become/get
before used to.**
3. Be used to is always followed by a noun/noun phrase/gerund
Example
1. We were not used to reading books under dim light. We are used to
it now.*
2. She got used to flying on her broom.**
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Used to
1. To talk about a past habit/situation that is no longer true/relevant
2. Used to is always followed by a verb in the base form
Example
1. Sally used to live there.
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Did not use to (Negative form)
Example
Jenny did not use to read science fiction, but she loves it now!
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HHL
Passive Voice
What is the difference between the active and passive voices?
Active voice
Focuses on the doer of an action
Passive voice
Focuses on the receiver of an action
Example
1. The officials take complaints seriously.
Active voice
2. Complaints are taken seriously (by the officials)
Passive voice
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When do we use the passive voice?
It is obvious who does the action*
We do not know or remember who does the action**
The action is more important than who does the action***
Example
1. The murderer was arrested last night.*
2. My wallet was stolen. What should I do?**
3. Photos had been taken by the reporters before the police arrived.***
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HHL
How do we change a sentence into the passive voice?
Verb to be in
the correct + Pass participle (VERB)
tense
Example
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HHL
Past continuous tense
When do we use the past continuous tense?
Talk about events that were in progress at a particular time in the
past
We use continuous tenses for action verbs but NOT for verbs that
refer to states and feelings.
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When do we use while/when?
WHILE
To talk about two actions happening at the same time*
We must use the same tense in both clauses.**
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Example
1. While Tim’s mum was talking on the phone, Tim was studying.
2. While my brother was waiting for the bus, the sky was getting
darker.
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WHEN
To talk about a longer action happening when something else
happened
Example
When Kate and Sam were washing the dishes, their parents opened the
door.
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HHL
