Revise
Compare and Classify 2D Shapes Based on Their Properties
2D shapes have two dimensions – length and width.
A polygon is a 2D shape with straight sides. Polygons are compared and classified
according to the properties of their sides and angles.
Key Vocabulary
Regular: A polygon that has all sides and angles equal.
Parallel: Lines that always stay the same distance apart
and never meet.
Adjacent: Angles or sides that are next to each other.
Triangles
Triangles have three sides and three vertices. The total of the angles in a triangle is 180°.
An equilateral triangle is An isosceles triangle A scalene triangle has no
a regular polygon. It has has two sides of equal equal sides or angles.
sides of equal length and length and two angles of
each angle is 60˚. equal size.
This is a right-angled
This is a right-angled
triangle as one of its
triangle as one of its angles
angles is 90˚.
is 90˚. It is also isosceles.
It is also scalene.
Page 2 of 12 visit [Link]
Properties of Shapes: Revise
Quadrilaterals
A quadrilateral is a polygon with four sides.
A square has four sides of
A rectangle has two pairs of
equal length and four right A parallelogram has two
parallel, equal sides and four
angles (90˚). A square is pairs of parallel, equal sides
right angles. A rectangle is
also a rectangle, a rhombus and opposite equal angles.
also a parallelogram!
and a parallelogram!
A rhombus has four This is an isosceles
sides of equal length A trapezium only has trapezium as it has A kite has two pairs
and opposite equal one pair of opposite two sides of equal of adjacent equal
angles. A rhombus is parallel sides. length and two pairs sides and one pair of
also a parallelogram! of equal angles. opposite equal angles.
Regular Polygons
A regular pentagon has A regular hexagon has A regular heptagon A regular octagon has
five equal sides and five six equal sides and has seven equal sides eight equal sides and
equal angles of 108˚. In six equal angles of and seven equal eight equal angles of
regular and irregular 120˚. In regular and angles. In regular and 135˚. In regular and
pentagons, the interior irregular hexagons, irregular heptagons, irregular octagons, the
angles will total 540˚. the interior angles the interior angles interior angles will
will total 720˚. will total 900˚. total 1,080˚.
Page 3 of 12 visit [Link]
Properties of Shapes: Revise
Draw 2D Shapes Using Given Dimensions and Find
Unknown Angles in 2D Shapes
We can use the link between geometry and algebra to help us to draw 2D shapes and
find unknown angles.
The interior angles of a triangle add
up to 180˚. a
a+b+c
We can use the properties of specific = 180˚
triangles to work out missing angles. b c
The interior angles of a quadrilateral add a+b+c+d
up to 360˚. = 360˚
c
We can use the properties of specific a
quadrilaterals to work out missing angles. b
d
As the number of sides of a polygon increases by one, we
add another 180° to the total of the interior angles.
When n = number of sides, we can use this formula to find
the size of each angle in a regular polygon:
Sum of Interior Angles = (n – 2 × 180°)
Each Angle = (n – 2 × 180°)
n
Total of Total of
Shape Sides Shape Sides
Interior Angles Interior Angles
Triangle 3 180˚ Square 4 360˚
Pentagon 5 540˚ Hexagon 6 720˚
Page 4 of 12 visit [Link]
Properties of Shapes: Revise
Compare and Classify 3D Shapes and Their Nets
3D shapes have three dimensions – length, width and depth. 3D shapes can be compared
and classified according to the properties of their faces, edges and vertices.
A polyhedron is a 3D shape with flat faces.
Spheres, cylinders and cones are not polyhedra as they have curved surfaces.
Cube Tetrahedron Sphere
6 square faces 4 triangular faces 1 curved surface
12 edges 6 edges 0 edges
8 vertices 4 vertices 0 vertices
Cone
Cuboid Octahedron
1 circular face
6 faces 8 faces
1 curved surface
12 edges 12 edges
1 curved edge
8 vertices 6 vertices
0 vertices (1 apex)
Square-based Triangular Cylinder
pyramid prism 2 circular faces
5 faces 5 faces 1 curved surface
8 edges 9 edges 2 curved edges
5 vertices 6 vertices 0 vertices
A shape net shows which 2D shapes can be folded and joined to make a 3D shape.
When you are drawing a net, or solving a problem involving a shape net, think carefully
about where the edges of the faces meet.
Shape net of
Shape net of
a square-based
a tetrahedron
pyramid
Page 5 of 12 visit [Link]
Properties of Shapes: Revise
Identify Cubes and Cuboids from 2D Representations
Sometimes, we will need to identify cube models from different viewpoints. This is like
when architects design buildings and create 2D drawings to show what the building will
look like from each side. These drawings are called plans and elevations.
Plan
Plan
Front Elevation
Front
Side Elevation Side Elevation
Elevation
Identify Lines of Symmetry in 2D Shapes
and Complete a Simple Symmetric Figure
Reflection symmetry is where one half of a shape or pattern is the exact reflection of the
other half. You could fold the image and have both halves match exactly.
The line showing the reflection is called the line of symmetry or the mirror line.
Page 6 of 12 visit [Link]
Properties of Shapes: Revise
Illustrate and Name Parts of Circles
A circle is a 2D shape.
)
The perimeter of a circle is called the circumference (c). ius (r
rad
diameter (d)
The distance across the circle, passing through the centre,
is called the diameter (d).
cir
The distance from the centre of the circle to the circumference is cu m fere n ce (c)
called the radius (r).
The diameter of a circle is always twice the length of the radius:
r×2=d
The radius of a circle is always half the length of the diameter:
d
=r
2
The circumference of a circle is always approximately three times
the length of the diameter:
d × 3.142 = c
Recognise Angles as a Description of a Turn
One whole turn clockwise or anti-clockwise is a complete rotation of 360°. Therefore, a
half turn is 180° and a quarter turn is 90°.
360° 180° 90°
Page 7 of 12 visit [Link]
Properties of Shapes: Revise
Identify and Find Missing Angles at a Point
or on a Straight Line
Angles measure the distance between lines.
Acute Angles Obtuse Angles Reflex Angles
Any angle less than 90° Any angle greater than Any angle greater
is called an acute angle. 90° and less than 180° is than 180° is called a
called an obtuse angle. reflex angle.
To find missing angles, remember these key facts:
Angles on a right angle total 90°. Angles on a straight line total 180°.
90° - 25° = 65° 15° + 45° + 45° = 105°
25° 45° 180° - 105° = 75°
The missing 45°
angle is 65°. a The missing
y 15°
angle is 75°.
Angles around a point total 360°. Opposite angles are equal on
intersecting lines.
45° 56° + 56° = 112°
75° 45° + 75° + 155° = 275°
360° - 275° = 85° 360° - 112° = 248°
56° b 248° ÷ 2° = 124°
d 155° The missing a
angle is 85°. Angle a is 124°.
Page 8 of 12 visit [Link]
