Workbook

4
B2/B2+
with answers
 01 Get the message

1A GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY

Present and past tenses 2 Choose the correct time expressions to complete
the sentences.
1 Match sentences 1–11 with their meanings a–k.
1 I usually take a break from my screen right now /
1 j He’s been writing thank-you letters all morning.
from time to time to give my eyes a rest.
2 e I wrote an English essay last night.
2 According to my phone, I’ve spent sixty-seven minutes
3 c She’s writing a text message right now. online since nine o’clock / ever since.
4 d Young people are writing by hand less often 3 We’ve been learning about ancient methods of
these days. communication at school recently / last week.
5 g I was writing to Eleanor when she called me. 4 I forgot my password and blocked my email account
6 i They’ve written several very long essays. the day before yesterday / in recent weeks.
7 f We were writing to each other regularly back then. 5 It’s getting more and more difficult to maintain
8 h I’ve written down everything she’s said so far. face-to-face communication nowadays / at the time.
9 a Carl writes at least ten texts every day. 6 We were walking on the beach earlier today / once in
a while when we found a message in a bottle.
10 k I’d already talked to that police officer about the
burglary, so he knew I was innocent. 3 Complete the sentences with the forms from the
11 b Teenagers rarely write emails. box. There are two extra forms.
are becoming are you using do you have
Present Simple do you know don’t usually send ’m talking
a routines and habits/things that happen repeatedly never writes prefer writes
b facts and things that are generally true 1 Most teenagers prefer texting to calling.
Present Continuous 2 My friends and I don’t usually send emails.
c things happening now or around now 3 Once in a while, my grandfather writes
d situations which are changing during the present time a letter.
4 Are you using your laptop right now? I’d like to
Past Simple
borrow it.
e actions that started and finished at a specific time in the 5 Can I call you back? I ’m talking to someone else at
past the moment.
Past Continuous 6 Landline telephones are becoming less and less
f actions in progress at a specific time in the past common these days.
g a long activity interrupted by a shorter one 7 Do you know how much credit you’ve got left on
your phone?
Present Perfect Simple
h actions and states which began in the past and continue 4 Complete the pairs of sentences with the correct
until now endings in bold.
i finished actions in the past when we don’t say exactly 1 ALL MORNING / THREE TIMES TODAY
when they happened a I've been texting Jackie all morning .
Present Perfect Continuous b I've texted Jackie three times today .
j an action in progress or repeated over a period of time 2 TWO ESSAYS TODAY / THAT ESSAY SINCE THIS MORNING
up until now a Kay's been writing that essay since this morning .
Past Perfect b Kay has written two essays today .
k an action in the past that was completed before another
3 ENGLISH FOR VERY LONG / HOW TO WRITE IN ENGLISH
action or time in the past
YET
a Amal hasn't learned how to write in English yet .
b Amal hasn't been learning English for very long .

2 © Pearson Central Europe, 2020 High Note 4 (B2/B2+)

 01
5 Complete the story with the correct forms of the 8 Choose the correct forms to complete the
verbs from the box. sentences. Sometimes more than one form is possible.
concentrate drop go happen leave lose not be 1 I a message to you when you phoned!
not hear sit steal a was just writing
b have just been writing
Leon was riding his bike when he 1dropped his phone. c am just writing
He 2 was concentrating on the road, so he 3 didn’t hear
2 You on your project all morning. Haven’t you
it fall. He arrived at school and 4 went straight to his
finished yet?
first lesson. He 5 was sitting in English class when he
realised that he 6 had lost it. He thought he a were working
7
had left it at home, but when he got back at the end b had worked
of the day, it 8 wasn’t there. He never found out what c have been working
9
had happened to it and assumed that someone
10
had stolen it.
3 What of my new keyboard? It’s specially designed
so it’s comfortable to type with.
6 Use the prompts to write questions. a are you thinking
1 you / receive / any hand-written letters / recently? b have you thought
Have you received any hand-written letters recently? c do you think
2 social media / change / the meaning of friendship? 4 When I got up, my dad coffee.
Are/Is social media changing the meaning of a has made
friendship? / Has/Have social media changed the
meaning of friendship? b made
3 you / watch / the documentary / about c was making
communication through the ages / yesterday? 5 Internet connections faster and faster all the time.
Did you watch the documentary about communication
through the ages yesterday? a have got
4 Grandma / know / how to switch on the computer? b are getting
Does Grandma know how to switch on the computer? c get
5 you / see / her photos on Instagram / before you met her?
6 When I got home from school, I .
Had you seen her photos on Instagram before you
met her? a was falling asleep
6 you / have a bad dream / when / I / wake / you up? b had fallen asleep
Were you having a bad dream when I woke you up? c fell asleep
7 Complete the news story with the correct forms of 7 Sadly, I in touch with anyone from my old school.
the verbs in brackets. a haven’t stayed
b am not staying
c wasn’t staying
M embers of an Australian family 1found
(find) the world’s oldest message
in a bottle over 100 years after German
8 When I checked my email, the results .
a were already arriving
researchers 2 had thrown (throw) it into the b had already arrived
Indian Ocean. c arrived already
The Illman family 3 were/was walking (walk) 9 ON A HIGH NOTE Write a short paragraph about writing
on the beach in Perth in Australia when they by hand. When do you use a pen and paper to write?
4
came across (come across) a bottle lying in When do you use an electronic device? Why? What
the sand. Tonya Illman 5 picked it up (pick it things did people write with a pen and paper which
they now use electronic devices for?
up) and 6 discovered (discover) a note inside
asking the finders to contact the German
authorities. Researchers 7 had written (write)
the note 132 years earlier.

© Pearson Central Europe, 2020 High Note 4 (B2/B2+) UNIT VOCABULARY PRACTICE > page 11 3
 1B READING AND VOCABULARY
1 Read the article quickly and look at the photos. Tick the Vocabulary extension
ones which contain the objects mentioned in the text
and write their names.
3 Look at the highlighted verb–noun collocations in the
text and complete the sentences with one word in
✓ Photo A Rongorongo script each gap.
Photo B 1 The true identity of the infamous killer ‘Jack the
✓ Photo C Voynich Manuscript Ripper’ remains a mystery to this day.
2 Documentary makers go to great lengths to satisfy our
2 Read the article again and choose the correct curiosity about the mysteries of the natural world.
answers.
3 Historians have made a (major) breakthrough in
1 How can the author’s opinion of the Rosetta Stone in understanding how the Egyptian pyramids were built.
Paragraph 1 best be summarised?
4 The prince has been waiting decades to inherit the
a Its popularity as a museum exhibit is difficult to throne from his mother, the queen.
explain.
5 Alan Turing saved millions of lives by cracking the
b It is far more significant than it looks. code(s) that Germany was using to send military
c It is a disappointment for most museum visitors. communications during WW2.
d It is a dull administrative document. 6 Violence continues as various groups fight for control
2 Which statement is true about the Rosetta Stone? of this magnificent city.
a It was made for a child ruler.
b It was the only one of its kind. ACTIVE VOCABULARY
c Its sole aim was to declare the pharaoh a god. Adjectives formed with a suffix and a prefix
d It contains a multilingual message. Some adjectives are formed by adding a suffix to
3 What does ‘decipher’ mean in line 51? a verb (e.g. -able: solve – solvable).
a interpret Sometimes you need to make changes to the spelling
(e.g. forget – forgettable).
b describe
You can also add a prefix to an adjective to make it
c rewrite
negative (e.g. un-: solvable – unsolvable, forgettable –
d solve unforgettable).
4 What does the author say about Rongorongo?
a It may not actually be writing. 4 Write the negative adjective forms of these verbs.
b It is a kind of calendar. 1 accept unacceptable 5 deny undeniable
c It can't be a kind of decoration. 2 afford unaffordable 6 predict unpredictable
d It tells stories of the natural world. 3 believe unbelievable 7 suit unsuitable
5 Which object does the author say has become a part 4 break unbreakable
of popular culture?
a the Rosetta Stone 5 Complete the sentences with the adjectives from
b the Rongorongo carvings Exercise 4.
c the Voynich Manuscript 1 This film contains violent scenes and is unsuitable for
young children.
d the Tartaria Tablets
2 The exhibition entry fees are unaffordable for many
6 What does the author believe about mysterious texts
school pupils and their families.
from the past?
3 It's undeniable that social media have contributed to
a There are some texts we will never be able to work
a huge increase in the amount of contact among
out.
people around the world.
b We should only try to understand written
4 ‘The theft of objects from Egyptian pyramids is
languages, not symbols.
absolutely unacceptable ,’ said the president.
c It’s impossible for experts to agree about any texts
5 In tests, we managed to crack the unbreakable screen
from the past.
on this phone in less than two minutes.
d People will always try to make sense of them.
6 Mountain weather is unpredictable , so you should
always carry warm clothes while hiking.
7 I found his explanation of the broken window
completely unbelievable .

6 ON A HIGH NOTE Write a short paragraph about

a famous historical site or object in your country.

4 UNIT VOCABULARY PRACTICE > page 11 © Pearson Central Europe, 2020 High Note 4 (B2/B2+)
 A

01
B

COMMUNICATING
C

with
THE PAST
Unlike many of Egypt’s ancient 45 The Rosetta Stone remained in Egypt but is in fact an early kind of memory
treasures, the world-famous throughout 2000 years of its troubled 90 aid or even simply decoration.
Rosetta Stone is nothing much to and often violent history. Then in
Then there’s the beautiful Voynich
look at. Nevertheless, visitors to 1801, it was captured by the British
5 the British Museum flow endlessly army and taken to London. There, Manuscript, a large illustrated book
past the large piece of rock, despite 50 academics set to work analysing the which has been dated to the early
being unable to read what is written text in order to decipher what was fifteenth century. It is thought to
on it. If they could, they might be written on it. Scholars of ancient 95 be written in a European language
disappointed to discover that it is Greek could understand the Greek – though not a familiar one – and
10 a kind of bureaucratic tax document. version, but the hieroglyphics contains strange pictures of plants
However, as the museum guides 55 remained a mystery. That was, and animals that don’t actually exist.
explain each day, the Rosetta Stone until an English researcher named Some researchers have suggested
is the star of an incredible true Thomas Young made a major 100 it is a fake and others a guide to
story about cracking codes and breakthrough by recognising a group medieval medicine, but no one is
15 communicating with the past. of symbols that spelled out the name sure. Perhaps because it remains
60 ‘Ptolemy’. His work was continued so mysterious, it has inspired many
The tale begins over 2000 years
by Frenchman Jean-Francois contemporary films and books.
ago in Egypt and the city of
Champollion who finally figured out
Alexandria. When Pharaoh Ptolemy 105 One final puzzle could be the oldest
how to read the mysterious text in
IV died, his throne was inherited by of them all. According to some
1882. Young and Champollion’s work
20 a six-year-old son. This was the start
65 opened a channel of communication estimates, the Tartaria Tablets, which
of years of chaos as rival groups
with the past that has allowed us to were unearthed in Romania in 1961,
fought for control of the child and
work out exactly what is written on 110 are over 7000 years old. This would
his kingdom. Eventually though,
all the great objects and monuments make the symbols on these small
the boy-pharaoh grew up and, with
of Egypt. round discs the earliest known form
25 the assistance of powerful priests,
he became an influential leader. In 70 However, despite the best efforts of writing. However, similarly to
196 BC, like all the other pharaohs of linguists and code breakers, Rongorongo, whether or not they
before him, he wished to announce a number of unexplained are actually a written language is still
to the world his status as a living manuscripts and mysterious 115 open to question.
30 god. The Rosetta Stone is one of languages have proved unsolvable As with many messages from the
eighteen similar stones that were 75 to this day. A notable example is past, opinions differ and even
put up in temples around Egypt; Rongorongo, which scholars believe
the experts can be sure of almost
their purpose was both to spread may be a written language from
nothing. It is not easy to satisfy
this message and to bring into law Easter Island. It was found in the
120 human curiosity, however, and
35 some very generous tax breaks nineteenth century on various
where mystery remains, investigation
for the priests who had helped 80 wooden objects and is made up of
him. The stone is of particular symbols showing animals, humans will surely follow. Driven by
historical importance because the and plants. There have been many incredible success stories like that
‘memo’ it contains is written in attempts to work out what meaning of the deciphering of hieroglyphics
40 three languages: classical Greek, an it conveys, but only one has met 125 through analysis of the Rosetta
everyday Egyptian language called 85 with partial success. This suggested Stone, scholars, experts and
Demotic, and hieroglyphics like that it may be related to the cycles historians will no doubt continue
those found on statues, tombs and of the moon. It is also possible that their code-cracking efforts to
monuments throughout Egypt. Rongorongo is not written text at all, communicate with the past.

© Pearson Central Europe, 2020 High Note 4 (B2/B2+) 5

 1C VOCABULARY | Idioms and phrases related to communication
1 Match the two parts of the sentences. 4 Complete the conversation with the words from
1 c Sharing a house creates a strong the box.
2 e My tutor and I really hit it across bond compliment hit impression laugh
3 h My friends and I always have small strike take
4 a I met our new neighbours and I took Rory So how did your evening go, Kate? Did you and
5 d I’m not good at making Lottie 1hit it off ?
6 f Although I may come across Kate I’m not sure. I tried to 2 strike up
7 b Thankfully, Jenna made a conversation by paying her a 3 compliment , but
I have a feeling that I came 4 across as a bit over-
8 i I always try to strike up
enthusiastic.
9 g If someone pays you
Rory Oh, I wouldn’t worry. I’m sure you made
a to them immediately. a favourable 5 impression . People usually
b a favourable impression on her new tutor.
6
take to you, right? Perhaps you were just trying
a bit too hard.
c bond between young people at university.
Kate Maybe, I mean – there was quite a lot of 7 small
d small talk and I often end up saying silly things.
talk, but we had a 8 laugh . She’s got a good sense
e off, so I’m looking forward to our lessons together. of humour.
f as a confident person, I’m actually quite shy. Rory Well, there you go. I mean … you can’t expect to
g a compliment, smile and say 'thank you'. create a strong 9 bond after just one evening out.
h a laugh when we get together. I think it went better than you imagine.
i a conversation when I meet someone new. 5 Complete the letter to a problem page with one
verb in each gap.
2 Choose the correct words to complete the idioms.
1 throw / fire questions at someone
A:
ASK MARIANN
2 insist on having the last say / word
3 put somebody on / in the spot
4 jump down somebody’s neck / throat
5 not get a word in edgeways / sideways Marianna gives advice on
6 refuse to let something drop / stop readers’ personal problems
3 Match situations a–f with idioms 1–6 from Dear Marianna,
Exercise 2. I have a real problem with one of my classmates
a 3 Then the boss asked me to say who I thought was at school. He’s the captain of our debate team, but
to blame. It was so embarrassing!
basically he’s a bully who enjoys putting his peers
1
b 2 You always have to be the last one to speak, don’t
you? on the spot and often fires impossible questions at
2

c 6 I told him I didn’t want to talk about it anymore, but them. Whenever someone gets something wrong, he
he wouldn’t stop. immediately loses his temper and jumps down their
3

d 1 He just kept asking me one thing after another for throat. I once gave a bit of a silly answer to one of his
what seemed like ages. questions and he refused to let it drop, teasing me
4

e 4 When I told her I was going to be a few minutes about it every time I saw him. He loves the sound of
late, she got really angry!
his own voice and unless he’s pressuring us to answer
f 5 She talked so much that I didn’t manage to say
anything at all during lunch.
one of his endless questions, we can’t get a word in
5

edgeways. As you might guess, he’s also the kind of

person that always has to have the last word. I’m
6

thinking of quitting the debate team because of him.

What, if anything, can I do?
Regards,
Kylie

6 ON A HIGH NOTE Write about a time you met and talked

to someone new. Use some of the phrases and idioms
from this lesson to say how you and the other person
behaved.

6 UNIT VOCABULARY PRACTICE > page 11 © Pearson Central Europe, 2020 High Note 4 (B2/B2+)
1D GRAMMAR 01
Question tags and echo questions 3 Complete two conversations at a party with
question tags or echo questions.
1 Match sentences 1–6 with responses a–f.
Becky Hi there. Love your dress. We haven’t met,
1 d I’m having a great time. 1
have we?
2 f I met a really nice guy last week.
Caitlin No, I don’t think so. I’m Caitlin – Martin’s cousin.
3 c George and Ola have arrived!
Becky 2
Are you ? Well, it’s nice to meet you. I’m Becky
4 e Ray didn’t want to dance. and I’m in Martin’s year at school, though I don’t
5 b Abi was wearing some beautiful shoes. really know him very well. This is a great party,
6 a I can’t understand what he’s saying.
3
isn’t it ? So, is Martin a nice guy?
Caitlin Actually, I find him a bit annoying, but don’t tell
a Can’t you? Why don’t you ask him to speak more him, 4 will you ?
slowly?
Becky Ha! I won’t. I guess you’re allowed to say that
b Was she? She’s always so stylish. because you’re family. And that’s his sister,
c Have they? OK, I’ll be there in two minutes. 5
isn’t it ? The girl with the black hair?
d Are you? I’m glad you could make it. Caitlin Who, Amal? No, they’re just friends. Martin
e Didn’t he? Maybe he doesn’t know how. hasn’t got a sister.
f Did you? What was his name? Becky Oh! 6 Hasn’t he ?

2 Choose the correct words to complete the Martin Change the music, 7 will/would/can/could you ,
question tags. Then add an echo question to complete Amal?
the mini-conversations.
Amal Let’s put on some hip-hop, 8 shall we ?
Ann Oh, dear. I’m talking too much, 1don’t / aren’t I?
Martin Whatever you fancy. Do you know that girl
I get nervous in new situations.
who’s talking to Caitlin? She goes to our school,
Sam 2
Do you? I hadn’t noticed. You seem quite 9
doesn’t she ?
self-confident to me.
Amal Yeah, I think so. Her name’s Becky. I don’t really
know her.
Aaron Everybody likes chocolate, 3aren’t / don’t they? Martin She looks like a nice girl.
I’m planning to make a chocolate cake for the
Amal Well, we can go and say hello, 10 can’t we ?
party.
Martin Wait a minute! We can’t just walk up and say
Noah 4
Are you ? Well, I certainly do, so please go
hello.
ahead!
Amal Of course we can! It’s a party after all. It’ll be
fine.
Paul You haven’t met Alice, 5 have / haven’t you? She Martin 11 Will it ? Hmm, I guess so. Do the talking
moved in next door recently. though, 12 will/would/can/could you ?
Mike 6
Did she ? Hi, Alice. Welcome to the
Amal Oh, come on Martin. Confidence is the key to
neighbourhood. I’m Mike. success!

Vicky Choose some more music, 7 will / should you, 4 ON A HIGH NOTE Write a conversation at the party
Joey? My tablet is on the table. between two of the characters from Exercise 3. Include
questions tags and echo questions.
Joey 8
Is it ? Oh, yeah. Right, let’s get
this party started!

Emma This is a great party, isn’t 9 it / this? Ours

wasn’t nearly as much fun.
Kate 10
Wasn’t it ? I had a great time at our party.

Sarah Everything went wrong, 11 didn’t / wasn’t it?

I don’t know what to do now.
Robert 12 Don’t you ? Well, perhaps I can help.

© Pearson Central Europe, 2020 High Note 4 (B2/B2+) 7

 1E LISTENING AND VOCABULARY
1 2 Listen to a radio interview about language and Pronunciation
choose the correct answers.
5 3 Listen and complete the sentences from the
1 What is the main topic of this week’s programme? interview in Exercise 1 with a question tag in each gap.
a scientific English 1 It is, isn’t it ?
b translating and interpreting 2 Now, these examples come from a book, don’t they ?
c words and phrases describing happiness 3 Well, that covers rather a lot of us, doesn’t it ?
2 The guest on the programme has
a written a book. 6 3 Listen to the sentences from Exercise 5 again.
What do you notice about the way the speakers
b reviewed a book.
pronounce the sound /t/ at the end of the first word
c translated a book. in each question tag (isn’t, don’t, doesn’t)? Choose the
correct answer.
2 2 Listen again and complete the sentences
with up to five words in each gap. a The sound /t/ is very clearly pronounced.
1 There are estimated to be approximately b The sound /t/ disappears.
one/a million words in the English language.
2 Dictionaries often don't include scientific terms . ACTIVE PRONUNCIATION
3 Words for emotions, especially feelings of happiness , Omitting /t/ in question tags
are particularly hard to translate. In fast speech, the sound /t/ at the end of the first word
4 The Danish word ‘morgenfrisk’ describes how people in question tags can be omitted. English speakers do it
feel after a good night’s sleep . quite often (e.g. isn’t it – /ˈɪz(ə)nɪt/, doesn’t she –
5 The Swahili word 'mbuki-mvuki' refers to a situation /ˈdʌz(ə)nʃɪ/).
when you want to perform an ecstatic dance .
6 Dr Tim Lomas is a lecturer in positive psychology 7 4 Listen and tick the question tags where the sound
at a university in London. /t/ is omitted.
7 According to Dr Lomas, our well-being can improve 1 Weren’t we?
thanks to understanding emotion words in other 2 ✓ Hasn’t he?
languages.
3 Can’t I?
8 Dr Lomas thinks that learning about happy words
in other languages can help us discover feelings that 4 ✓ Hadn’t they?
we didn’t know exist / we hadn’t even realised existed 5 Doesn’t it?
6 ✓ Wasn’t he?
Vocabulary extension
8 5 Listen and practise saying the sentences.
3 Complete the collocations with the correct forms 1 The world has become a different place, hasn’t it?
of the words from the box. Use the information 2 Ben gets on your nerves, doesn’t he?
in brackets to help you.
3 I should release the negative emotions, shouldn’t I?
arouse express genuine high mixed stir up 4 The idea of making contact with aliens is ridiculous,
isn’t it?
1 Politicians have been accused of trying to stir up
people’s emotions before the election. (deliberately 5 We could at least try to break the ice, couldn’t we?
make them feel anger or hatred)
2 I felt mixed emotions on my final day at secondary
9 Complete the sentences with question tags. Then
practise saying the sentences.
school. (positive and negative)
1 Vanessa likes people paying her compliments,
3 My grandfather has difficulty expressing his
doesn't she?
emotions. (showing or talking about)
2 David has been firing questions at you all day,
4 Whitney Houston sang with genuine emotion and
hasn’t he ?
fans adored her for it. (real or true)
3 Our boss is completely fed up with all the paperwork,
5 Hunting is a topic that arouses strong emotions.
isn’t he/she ?
(causes people to feel)
4 Diane was bewildered by her nephew’s behaviour,
6 Emotions are running high after another night of
wasn’t she ?
protests on the streets of Paris. (people have very
strong feelings about a particular situation; there 5 He could try to work on his emotional intelligence,
could even be violence) couldn’t he ?

4 ON A HIGH NOTE What are your favourite words or

phrases in English? Write a short paragraph, giving
reasons.

8 UNIT VOCABULARY PRACTICE > page 11 © Pearson Central Europe, 2020 High Note 4 (B2/B2+)
1F SPEAKING 01
1 Read the phrases. How do you say them in Polish? 3 What do these phrases express? Choose A for
annoyance, S for sadness or H for happiness.
SPEAKING | Expressing emotions 1 I’m heartbroken. A/S/H
2 This computer is driving me up the wall! A/S/H
EXPRESSING ANXIETY
3 I’m walking on air! A/S/H
It’s been keeping me up at night.
4 I’m feeling a bit down in the dumps. A/S/H
I’m worried sick about my sister's surgery.
5 I’m feeling a bit blue. A/S/H
EXPRESSING RELIEF 6 I can’t stop smiling! A/S/H
I can breathe a sigh of relief now. 7 I’ve had it up to here with the traffic in
That’s a weight off my mind. this city. A/S/H
Thank goodness. 8 Her voice really gets on my nerves. A/S/H

EXPRESSING ANNOYANCE AND FRUSTRATION 4 Choose the correct phrases to complete the
mini-conversations. Ignore the gaps for now.
That beeping noise is driving me up the wall!
His loud laugh really gets on my nerves. John What’s the matter with you?
I’ve had it up to here with your constant complaints. Celia The neighbours are playing their music at full
volume again. 1 It’s driving me up the wall! / I’m
EXPRESSING SURPRISE OR DISBELIEF walking on air!
You’ve got to be kidding me! John aWhat a pain!!
Get out of here! Celia Maybe I should go and talk to them again.
Who would have thought it? John I think you should. I mean – b what’s the worst that
could happen?
EXPRESSING SADNESS
I’m feeling a bit down in the dumps. Tony My aunt’s dog died. 2 She’s heartbroken. / It really
I’m feeling a bit blue. gets on her nerves.
I’m heartbroken. Gilly Oh no! Poor thing. c I’m so sorry to hear that.

EXPRESSING ENJOYMENT OR HAPPINESS Aisha How did it go?

I’m walking on air! Kim I got the job – summer in Italy! 3I’m feeling a bit
I can’t stop smiling! blue. / I can’t stop smiling!
Aisha That’s awesome! d I’m really pleased for you.
2 Choose the correct words to complete the sentences.
1 Get out / off of here! Piet Just calm down!
2 I’m worried sick / ill . Milo Calm down? My phone is broken again! 4I’m
3 That’s a weight off my brain / mind . feeling a bit down in the dumps. / I’ve had it up to
here with the stupid thing! I want my money back!
4 Now I can breathe / blow a sigh of relief.
Piet e
I don’t blame you. That’s the third time this
5 You’ve got to be kidding / joking me! month.
6 It’s been keeping me out / up at night. Milo f
I know, right?
7 Who would have understood / thought it?
8 Thank goodness / happiness. 5 Now complete gaps a–f in Exercise 4 with the phrases
from the box.
I don’t blame you.
I know, right?
I’m really pleased for you.
I’m so sorry to hear that.
What a pain!
what’s the worst that could happen?

© Pearson Central Europe, 2020 High Note 4 (B2/B2+) 9

 1G WRITING | An informal email

Hi Tim ,
How are things? 1 Haven’t seen you in ages. Have you settled in to your new school?
Start with a friendly
2
It was great to hear that you passed your driving test! Congratulations! How did it
greeting. feel to drive on your own for the first time?
3
Life’s been busy here as usual. I’ve been doing loads of training in preparation for
the snowboarding season. Feeling pretty good and my legs are definitely getting
stronger. Remember I had that summer job? Well, I saved up all summer and I’m going
Mention your last contact
to Austria for a snowboard training camp in December. (Dead excited!) 4 You like winter
with the other person.
sports too, don’t you? Fancy coming for a visit and going to the mountains for the
day? If only I knew someone who has a driving licence and their own car and could
drive me there. Oh, that’s right, I do … you!
Mention any news from Revision is driving me crazy at the moment. I keep having these dreams where I get to
your friend. the exam and realise that I missed all the lessons and don’t know anything about the
subject! 5 Argh! Really awful, but at least I’m relieved when I wake up! How are you
getting on? You always seemed pretty calm about tests and exams. Do you feel like
Cover each topic in you’re going to be ready in time? Maybe we could have a video call sometime and
a separate paragraph. share some notes. 6 What do you think? Good plan?
7
What else? Katy and I are off to the cinema on Saturday – going to see the new
Wonder Woman film. Probably go for a burger afterwards. We both need a break from
Finish with a friendly, revision. Speaking of revision, I guess I’d better go and get on with some right now !!
informal goodbye. Say hi to your sis, bro, mum and dad. 8 Let me know about coming to visit.
9
Cheers,
Justin

1 Match phrases a–i with gaps 1–9 in Justin's email. 4 Punctuate this email correctly.
a 2 It was great to hear e 7 What else?
b 8 Let me know f 6 What do you think? Hi Sid,
c 1 Haven’t seen you g 5 Argh! Great news! Amazingly, I passed all my exams – even
d 4 You like winter sports h 9 Cheers, Maths. I feel proud, happy, relieved and totally surprised!
too, don’t you? i 3 Life’s been busy Take care,
here as usual. Nancy
2 Read the email again and complete the advice with Do
or Don’t. 5 WRITING TASK Write a reply to Justin’s email from
1 Don't use a formal style. Exercise 1.
2 Don’t use full forms instead of contractions.
3 Do use informal quantifiers and intensifiers. ACTIVE WRITING | E-mail prywatny
4 Don’t include the subject and auxiliary verb if the 1 Zaplanuj swój e-mail:
meaning is obvious. • Zastanów się, jak chcesz odpowiedzieć na wiadomości
5 Do use question tags and rhetorical questions. od Justina.
6 Do use abbreviations, emoticons and interjections. • Zanotuj, co chciałbyś/chciałabyś napisać Justinowi
o sobie.
3 Find examples of the following punctuation marks • Przemyśl, czy chcesz zaakceptować zaproszenie Justina.
in Justin’s email. 2 Napisz swój e-mail:
1 comma after greeting Hi Tim, • Rozpocznij i zakończ swój e-mail w odpowiedni,
2 exclamation marks (including multiple exclamation nieformalny, ale uprzejmy sposób.
marks) … driving test!, … you!, … right now! • Wykorzystaj zwroty z tabeli Writing (Student’s Book,
3 comma after an introductory adverb Well, str. 13).
4 brackets and dashes (Dead excited!), … awful – but at • Stosuj nieformalny styl, potoczne słownictwo i struktury
least …, … on Saturday – going … gramatyczne charakterystyczne dla korespondencji
5 comma to separate three or more words prywatnej (np. skróty, pytania rozłączne lub retoryczne).
… your sis, bro, mum and dad • Zadbaj o układ graficzny swojego tekstu. Podziel go
6 comma after sign-off Cheers, na akapity.
3 Sprawdź, czy twój tekst:
• zawiera wszystkie informacje wymagane w zadaniu,
• jest poprawny gramatycznie, spójny i logiczny.

10 © Pearson Central Europe, 2020 High Note 4 (B2/B2+)

UNIT VOCABULARY PRACTICE 01
1 1A GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY Complete each short 3 1B READING AND VOCABULARY Complete the sentences
text or dialogue with the correct forms of the words in with one word in each gap.
bold. 1 I was so tired I simply couldn’t take in what they were
MAKE / LOSE / STAY saying to me.
I can’t believe we 1lost touch after being such good 2 Do I really have to spell out the reasons you should
friends at school. I’m so glad you 2 made contact again. quit smoking?
Let’s make sure we 3 stay in touch from now on. 3 Please pay attention while we point out some of the
safety features on this aircraft.
SPREAD / MAINTAIN / ESTABLISH 4 Sadly, the accident brought about a serious change in
We can use social media to 4 establish and 5 maintain his personality.
contact with our online users, and to 6 spread the 5 She didn’t speak English, but I managed to get
message that we believe the voting age should be across the fact that I needed help.
lowered to sixteen.
4 1C VOCABULARY Complete the song lyrics with one
DELIVER / PASS ON word in each gap.
Amy Will you 7 pass on a message to Bryony when
you see her? Group 1 has cancelled and Group 2 Just wanted to make a favourable 1impression.
is now coming at 9.15 a.m., but there are only Only wanted to strike up a real 2 conversation .
seven of them, so … . Have a 3 laugh . Hit it 4 off .
Brad What? I’ll never remember all that. Write it down Come 5 across as cool.
and I’ll 8 deliver it to her office later. Make small 6 talk , get along
and spend some time with you.
CARRY / CONVEY
The artist has painted a bird 9 carrying a message to And now I’m standing on my own.
the king. I think the painter is trying to 10 convey Might as well have stayed at home.
a message about power and importance here.
Must’ve tried too hard,
’cos you left me on my own.
2 1B READING AND VOCABULARY Replace the underlined Paid you 7 compliments , yet here I am alone.
parts with the correct forms of the phrasal verbs from
the box. Couldn’t 8 create a bond, though I wanted to.
You didn’t 9 take to me
bring about come across figure out make out although I took to you.
pick up point out spell it out wipe out
And now I’m standing on my own.
1 This device will receive a signal from someone
Might as well have stayed at home.
trapped under the snow after an avalanche. pick up
2 Contact with aliens could cause a big change in the
way we see our place in the universe. bring about 5 1E LISTENING AND VOCABULARY Replace the underlined
3 I’d like to bring to your attention a few important words with the adjectives from the box with a similar
rules before the game begins. point out meaning.
4 It was raining so heavily that we could barely see the bewildered devastated ecstatic exasperated livid
road ahead. make out tense terrified
5 The arrival of the new shopping centre has completely
destroyed local shops. wiped out 1 Tim didn’t tell his friend how frightened he was by the
6 Let me explain it clearly for you: if you ever do that final scene of the film they went to see. terrified
again, I will report you to the police. spell it out 2 Leanne was sad when her best friend stopped
7 We found the bottle containing the message while speaking to her. devastated
walking on the beach. came across 3 When Paul returned to find his new car scratched he
8 These days, it doesn’t take a genius to understand that was angry. livid
the Earth is round and not flat. figure out 4 Charlotte was understandably nervous as she waited
for the results of her blood test. tense
5 Leon was thrilled when he found out he’d got a place
at Sheffield University. ecstatic
6 Carla’s dad was annoyed that once again she hadn’t
called to let her parents know she was safe.
exasperated
7 Passengers were left confused after the departure
gate was changed seven times. bewildered

6 ON A HIGH NOTE Write a short description of a time

when you received a surprising message.

© Pearson Central Europe, 2020 High Note 4 (B2/B2+) 11

 Unit self-check

GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY 4 Complete the sentences with question tags.

1 Choose the correct words to complete the sentences. 1 Let’s go out for lunch, shall we?
1 Houston has finally managed to establish / lose 2 Don’t forget about Jill, will you ?
contact with Apollo 13 again after nearly twenty-four 3 I’m still your best friend, aren’t I ?
hours of radio silence. 4 It wasn’t the best party, was it ?
2 I’ve no idea where Sophie is now. We stayed in / lost 5 You will be nice to her, won’t you ?
touch after university. 6 It's your birthday today, isn’t it ?
3 Could you spread / pass on the message to Kim that I’ll /5
be ten minutes late?
4 Can I figure / point out that you are entitled to your
own opinions, but not your own facts?
USE OF ENGLISH
5 Over seventeen different species have been wiped / 5 Complete the text with the correct words formed
spelled out this year and it’s only March. from the words in bold.
/5
The Sixth Sense is a psychological thriller that
2 Complete the conversation with one word in each gap. will keep you glued to the edge of your seat.
Written and directed by M. Night Shyamalan, the
Charlotte I 1made contact with my second cousin film has proven to be one of the most 1 significant
Beth for the first time yesterday. (signify) in his career. It tells the story of Cole Sear,
Phoebe Oh, wow! That’s cool. How did you find a young boy who seems to be 2 terrified (terrify)
her? by something. When the pressure becomes
Charlotte Mum and I 2 were chatting about family 3
unbearable (bear), he confides in a child
and I found her on social media. There psychologist, Dr Malcolm Crowe. It takes time for
were seventeen ‘Beth Gerard’s’, but we the psychologist to overcome his initial scepticism
figured 3 out which one she was from her and 4 disbelief (belief) and realise that the secret
photo. that the boy is hiding is spiritual in nature. Cole
Phoebe How did you get on with her? sees ghosts walking around like the living, unaware
Charlotte We really 4 hit it off. that they are dead. The film is not to be missed,
Phoebe That’s great! I mean, you never know how with unexpected twists and turns throughout the
someone might react when you contact script. I 5 highly (high) recommend it to all fans of
them online like that. It kind of puts you this genre.
5
on the spot, doesn’t it?
/5
Charlotte It does, yes. I know people who 6 have
stopped using social media completely
because they’re worried about privacy.
6 Complete the text with the words from the box
in the correct form. There are two extra words.
/5 complete terrify ecstasy take bewilder
high seem
3 Choose the correct forms to complete the sentences.
1 I     shopping when I heard the news. Yesterday I got Skip, my new dog, from the
a have been b was c am rescue shelter. Most of the animals there looked
2 The researchers     picked up a signal from space understandably 1 terrified – all alone in their
before that incredible day. cages. But when I approached Skip, he stuck
a was never b had never c have never his nose through the bars and gently licked my
3 I     that this is the best way to spread our message; hand. As you can probably imagine, I 2 took to
we need to think of something different. him immediately. The lady at the shelter warned
me that it can take some time to create a real
a haven’t agreed b am not agreeing c don’t agree
bond, but Skip and I went for a walk together
4 Cinema tickets     more and more expensive these and 3 seemed to hit it off straight away. When he
days.
realised he was coming home with me, he was
a got b get c are getting 4
ecstatic , barking excitedly and jumping and
5 When I got to the stadium, I     a huge queue. turning. Without a doubt, after twenty-four hours,
a joined b was joining c had joined I’m 5 completely in love.
/5 /5
/ 30

12 © Pearson Central Europe, 2020 High Note 4 (B2/B2+)

Matura self-check 01
1 Wykorzystując wyrazy podane drukowanymi 3 Przeczytaj tekst. Z podanych odpowiedzi wybierz
literami, uzupełnij każde zdanie z luką, tak aby zachować właściwą, tak aby otrzymać logiczny i gramatycznie
sens zdania wyjściowego (1–8). W każdą lukę można poprawny tekst. Zakreśl jedną z liter: a, b, c albo d.
wpisać maksymalnie pięć wyrazów, wliczając wyraz
już podany. Wymagana jest pełna poprawność Is it possible to spot a liar?
ortograficzna i gramatyczna wpisywanych fragmentów The biggest lie anyone can tell is to say that they never
zdań. Nie zmieniaj formy podanych wyrazów.
lie. Without a 1 , you will lie from time to time.
1 There wasn’t any food left when we arrived at the party. Experts proved that almost two thirds of people lie
All the food had been eaten/had gone when we every ten minutes, even while 2 simple messages.
arrived at the party. HAD
While a lot of us 3 to be pretty good at lying,
2 More and more people are now using social media we are surprisingly bad at detecting lies. Behavioural
to hear the latest news from their friends. TOUCH differences between honest and dishonest individuals
More and more people are now using social media
are difficult to spot and measure. Researchers 4
to stay/keep in touch with their friends.
to uncover ways of detecting lies for years. Although
3 My sister started chatting with her boyfriend two they haven’t been able to find a clear sign that
hours ago. BEEN someone is lying, their research has revealed some
My sister has been chatting to her boyfriend for two
helpful indicators. 5 , verbal signals are potential
hours now.
red flags of deception. Using a higher voice, being
4 My father says that I don’t know anything about rock vague or repeating questions are tell-tale signs we
music. TASTE
should not ignore. Someone who is lying might become
My father says that I have no taste in rock music.
aggressive and jump down your 6 to disguise
5 I am spending the weekend with my friends in the their fear. Non-verbal signals include touching your
country. ARRANGED nose or playing with small objects such as pencils.
I have arranged to spend the weekend with my friends
in the country. 1 a reason b doubt c clue d chance
6 Is it possible to change the students’ attitude to 2 a getting b capturing c carrying d conveying
studying? BRING
3 a pick up b make out c put on d turn out
Is it possible to bring about a change in the students’
attitude to studying? 4 a trying b are trying
c have been trying d were trying
7 Kim is sad because she broke up with her boyfriend. BLUE
Kim is feeling (a bit) blue because she broke up with 5 a Likely b Rapidly c Subtly d Apparently
her boyfriend. 6 a head b throat c back d chest
8 We last made contact at Christmas last year. NOT
We have not made contact since Christmas last year.
4 Przetłumacz na język angielski fragmenty podane
w nawiasach, tak aby otrzymać zdania logiczne
2 Uzupełnij zdania, wykorzystując podane wyrazy i gramatycznie poprawne. Wymagana jest pełna
poprawność ortograficzna wpisywanych fragmentów
w odpowiedniej formie. Nie należy zmieniać kolejności
podanych wyrazów. Trzeba natomiast – jeżeli jest to zdań. W każdą lukę możesz wpisać maksymalnie sześć
konieczne – dodać inne wyrazy, aby otrzymać logiczne wyrazów.
i poprawne gramatycznie zdania. W każdą lukę możesz 1 Adults often say that teenagers are not able to/unable
wpisać maksymalnie sześć wyrazów. to build relationships (nie potrafią budować relacji) in
1 When it came to light (come / light) that the boy was the real world.
a hero, everyone wanted to meet him. 2 Ted is feeling thrilled because a lot of people have
commented on his last post (skomentowało jego
2 Once the test was over, we all
breathed a sigh of relief (breathe / sigh / relief).
ostatni post).
3 We came late because we got stuck (utknęliśmy) in
3 Your constant nagging is driving me up the wall
the traffic on the way to the meeting.
(drive / I / wall). If you don’t stop now, I’ll go mad.
4 He has wanted to get out (chciał się wydostać) of this
4 After the meeting with her favourite actor, Monica
town ever since he graduated from high school.
was walking on air (walk / air).
5 Before you make the final decision, try to put yourself
5 I’ll be late. I have got stuck in (get / stuck) a traffic jam. in their shoes (postawić się w ich sytuacji).
6 When I realised I had passed (on) the message (pass / 6 You haven’t said a word today and that is getting on
message) to the wrong person, I felt angry with myself. my nerves (działa mi na nerwy).
7 Our new teacher comes across as an (come / as) 7 Nowadays, it is getting more and more difficult / is
approachable person. getting harder and harder (staje się coraz trudniejsze)
8 What do you think of (you / think) my new tablet? to find a good job offer in education.
9 We had been driving for hours (drive / hours) before 8 We’ve met before, haven’t we (nieprawdaż)?
we stopped to have something to drink. 9 Social media has/have changed the way (zmieniły
10 He enjoys paying her compliments / paying her sposób, w jaki) we communicate these days.
a compliment (pay / she / compliment). 10 What are you thinking about (O czym myślisz)? You
look worried.

© Pearson Central Europe, 2020 High Note 4 (B2/B2+) 13

 02 Looking ahead

2A GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY

Future forms for predictions 4 Complete the factfile with the forms from the box.
1 Complete the sentences with the correct forms of will be flying will be leaving will be spending
will or going to and the verbs in brackets. Sometimes will be watching will have been training
more than one answer is possible. will have been travelling will have covered
1 My grandfather is 89 years old, but he’s in great shape, will have learned
so I’m sure he 's going to live/'ll live (live) to be 100.
2 Many experts expect that technology will improve
(improve) living conditions for people in the
developing world, but there’s no evidence of that.

Manned mission to
3 Look at these statistics – they are very optimistic.

MARS
Without a doubt, crime figures are going to continue /
will continue (continue) to decrease in the near future.
4 Some people fear that robots will take (take) control
of society soon, but I think that’s unlikely.
5 Our new facial recognition software is already
very popular in Europe. We are/’re going to make /
will/’ll make (make) a fortune once we launch it in
countries across the world.

2 Match sentences 1–5 with explanations a–c.

1 a We’ll be sleeping under the stars at this time next
week.
2 b Sue and Fiona will have watched the entire first
series by the end of today.
3 a Please don’t complain. I’ll be revising while you’re
relaxing on the beach!
4 b Unfortunately, we won’t have arrived by the time
the restaurant closes at 9 p.m.
5 c By the time we reach the entrance, we’ll have
been waiting for three hours!
a an activity in progress at a specific time in the future
b an activity which will be completed by a specific time • The Mars Explorer team 1will be leaving planet Earth
in the future in late 2025.
c an activity which continues up to a specific point in • By that time, they 2 will have been training for their
the future mission for over five years.
• They 3 will have learned how to cope with every
3 Choose the correct words to complete the sentences. possible technical problem.
In one sentence both answers are possible. • On launch day, millions of people 4 will be watching
1 You’ve done so much revision you’re bound / unlikely them set off.
to pass your exams. • The five crew members 5 will be spending twenty-
2 With such strong winds, the ski-lifts are unlikely / sure four hours a day together.
to be open. • They 6 will be flying faster than anyone has ever
3 Although we can’t be certain, we think the pool is sure / flown before.
likely to be busy today. • By the time they reach the red planet, they
4 After her injury, it’s unlikely / likely that Shana will
7
will have covered over fifty million kilometres.
reach the finals. • When they finally return to Earth, they 8 will have
5 Without a map or GPS you are bound / certain to get been travelling for over three years.
lost if you don’t know the area.

14 © Pearson Central Europe, 2020 High Note 4 (B2/B2+)

 02
5 Read the headlines and use the prompts to write 8 Complete the sentences with one word in each
sentences. gap.
1 I hope that by the age of thirty, I’ll be running my own
President to visit UK on 23 October
successful tech business.
1 By / 23rd October / special agents / finish / all their 2 Is Svetlana likely to apologise for her behaviour?
security checks 3 By the time they get home, Lily and Dom will have
By 23 October, special agents will have finished all their been travelling for eighteen hours!
security checks. 4 Do you think you’ll have finished your project before
2 By / time the President arrives / people / wait / two next week’s deadline?
years for an official visit 5 I think it’s likely that by the year 2050, doctors will
By the time the President arrives, people will have have found a cure for cancer.
been waiting (for) two years for an official visit.
6 Three years from now, Harold will have gained his
3 On / 23 October / the President / address / MPs in the degree in astrophysics.
UK parliament
On 23 October, the President will be addressing/will 9 Complete the text with the correct forms of the
address MPs in the UK parliament. verbs in brackets.
City centre closed to cars from 1 p.m. to 7 p.m.
on Sunday for protest march
4 By / 4 p.m. / police / block / traffic into the city centre /
for three hours
By 4 p.m., police will have been blocking traffic into
the city centre for three hours.
5 By / 7 p.m. / all the protesters / finish / the march
By 7 p.m., all the protesters will have finished the march.
6 By / 7.05 p.m. / people / drive / through the city centre
again
By 7:05 p.m., people will be driving through the city
centre again.

6 Read the answers and write the questions.

1 Will you be watching the match tomorrow?
No, I won’t be watching the match tomorrow.
2 Will Laura have finished school by 4 p.m.?
Yes, Laura will have finished school by 4 p.m.
3 How long will you have been training by the time you
qualify as a surgeon?
I’ll have been training for nine years by the time

B
I qualify as a surgeon.
y the time I get on the train at London St Pancras next
4 Will you have read both books by the weekend? Saturday, I 1'll have been planning (plan) this trip for
Yes, I’ll have read both books by the weekend. two months! I 2 will/’ll have saved up (save up) enough
7 USE OF ENGLISH Complete the second sentence
money to pay for an Interrail pass which 3 will allow (allow)
using the word in bold so that it means the same as the me to travel around Europe for one month. I’ve got a few
first one. Use between two and five words, including days left before my trip, during which I 4 will/’ll be preparing
the word in bold. (prepare) my bags and buying any last minute things I need
In the not-too-distant future … for the journey. When I arrive at the platform on Saturday,
1 driverless cars will almost certainly reduce the my friend Jack 5 will be waiting (wait) for me. We 6 will
number of road accidents. SURE be travelling (travel) everywhere by train and staying in
driverless cars are sure to reduce the number of road different towns and cities on the way. By the end of the
accidents. week, I hope we 7 will/’ll have reached (reach) Madrid.
2 powerful computers will almost definitely become I’m really excited about this trip. We’ve spent so much
smaller, faster and cheaper. CERTAIN time preparing that I think our plan 8 is bound to succeed
powerful computers are certain to become smaller, (bound/succeed). What could possibly go wrong?
faster and cheaper.
3 the human race probably won’t go and live on
another planet. UNLIKELY
the human race is unlikely to go and live on another 10 ON A HIGH NOTE Make six statements about what you
planet. will be doing, will have done and will have been
4 smoking will almost certainly be banned altogether. doing by the time you finish this English course.
BOUND
smoking is bound to be banned altogether. UNIT VOCABULARY PRACTICE > page 23 15
 2B VOCABULARY | Threats to the environment
1 Match the compound nouns from the box with the 3 6 Find the stressed word in these compound
definitions. nouns. Listen and check.
endangered species exhaust fumes greenhouse effect 1 climate change
ozone layer renewable energy toxic waste 2 industrial waste
water scarcity wind turbine 3 wind turbine
4 endangered species
1 Types of animals in danger of extinction. endangered
species 4 Complete the signs with one word in each gap.
2 Lack of water. water scarcity
3 Power produced by wind, sun, etc. renewable energy SAVE OUR TREES. STOP 1ACID RAIN!
4 A machine used to produce electric power.
wind turbine
5 Chemicals and other harmful waste products. Burning fossil fuels = a hole in the ozone
toxic waste 2
layer . Stop the cycle of destruction!
6 Poisonous gases produced by engines of non-electric
vehicles. exhaust fumes
7 Part of the stratosphere which limits the amount of MAKE PUBLIC TRANSPORT FREE TO
ultraviolet radiation reaching the Earth. ozone layer REDUCE VEHICLE 3 emissions .
8 Process by which gases trapped in the atmosphere
cause the planet to heat up. greenhouse effect
CLOSE FACTORIES THAT PRODUCE
2 Complete the crossword. 1
V
4
toxic WASTE NOW!

E
The planet belongs to all living things: protect
H 5
endangered species and stop habitat 6 loss .
2
S I

O C WATER 7 scarcity WILL LEAD TO WAR!

3
A C I D R A I N L WE ARE THIRSTY FOR CHANGE!
L E
4
5 Complete the conversation with the compound
E H E nouns from Exercises 1 and 2.
R A M Presenter On today’s podcast – Peter Crumb,
environmental activist. Peter, what’s the
O B I biggest environmental issue the planet is
5 facing?
F O S S I L F U E L S
Peter I think it has to be 1global heating, by which
I T S I mean rising temperatures caused by the
6
build-up of gases in the atmosphere,
G L O B A L H A E T I N G a process otherwise known as the
2
greenhouse effect . We continue to burn
N T o 3
fossil fuels despite knowing the harm they
L do to the environment and that they are
N
certain to run out in the near future.
O S Presenter Yes, and we continue to drive cars that
pollute the air with their 4 exhaust fumes .
S
Peter Indeed. You see, our refusal to properly
S adopt 5 renewable energy sources, such
Across as solar power or wind farms with their
majestic 6 wind turbines , is likely to mean
3 Rain that contains a lot of pollutants. things will get worse before they get better.
5 Examples of this are coal, oil and gas. Presenter And do you think we are ever likely to
6 Gradual increase in the Earth’s temperature. change our behaviour?
Down Peter Well, I think public opinion is changing.
1 Synonym for ‘exhaust fumes’.
6 ON A HIGH NOTE Write a paragraph about threats to the
2 Gradual destruction of the ground by weather or people. environment in your region and what could be done
4 Disappearance of areas that are home to plants and animals. locally to improve the situation.

16 UNIT VOCABULARY PRACTICE > page 23 © Pearson Central Europe, 2020 High Note 4 (B2/B2+)
2C LISTENING AND VOCABULARY 02
1 7 Listen to Part 1 of a lecture. What is the main Pronunciation
topic? Choose the correct answer.
6 9 Read some words from the lecture in Exercises
a The impact of climate change on our clothing choices. 1 and 2. How are the underlined vowel sounds
b Green is the new black: the rise of eco-fashion. pronounced? Listen and check.
c How your clothes are ruining the natural 1 jeans, each, feed, being They’re pronounced with /iː/
environment. sound.
2 middle, river, simply, think They’re pronounced with
2 8 Listen to Part 2 of the lecture and tick the things /ɪ/ sound.
that are mentioned.
1 ✓ water use
2 corruption
ACTIVE PRONUNCIATION
/iː/ and /ɪ/ sounds
3 ✓ pesticides
/iː/ and /ɪ/ are similar sounds in English. The spelling of
4 ✓ chemical waste
words which include these vowel sounds is not always
5 child labour a clear guide to their pronunciation.
6 ✓ consumerism • /iː/ (long) typically appears in words which are
7 greenhouse gases spelled with ee (e.g. seen), ea (e.g. please), and ie
8 ✓ public opinion (e.g. piece).
• /ɪ/ (short) typically appears in words which are
3 8 Listen to Part 2 again and complete the spelled with i (e.g. big, window, spirit).
sentences with no more than three words in each gap.
1 It takes around 7600 litres of water to produce 7 10 Write the words from the box in the correct
a pair of jeans . column. Listen, check and repeat.
2 Cotton production has caused severe damage to the
environment in many countries. extinct freeze greenhouse habitat predict sea
species statistics
3 What used to be the Aral Sea in Kazakhstan is now just
a (dry) desert .
/iː/ feet /ɪ/ fit
4 Apart from the overuse of pesticides and water,
clothes manufacturing also produces a lot freeze extinct
of chemical waste/toxic chemicals . greenhouse habitat
5 Because of ‘fast fashion’, the number of times people sea predict
wear an item of clothing has gone down by
species statistics
36%/thirty-six percent in the last fifteen years.
6 Multinational companies in the fashion industry are 8 11 Listen and notice how the vowel sound changes.
likely to continue prioritising profit/profits over Practise saying the pairs of words.
ethical values.
1 steal still 5 sleep slip
2 field filled 6 wheel will
Vocabulary extension
3 cheap chip 7 feeling filling
4 Complete the text with the phrases from the box, 4 leak lick
which you heard in the recording in Exercises 1 and 2.
Use the information in brackets to help you. 9 12 Listen to these pairs of words. Tick the word you
hear first.
common knowledge in the name of safe to say
share the blame well aware of widely reported 1 slip ✓ sleep 4 list ✓ least
2 ✓ pill peel 5 fit ✓ feet
Most people are 1well aware of (know all about) 3 ✓ bitten beaten 6 ✓ lid lead
the suffering that results from fur farming, yet all over
the world animals are still mistreated and killed 10 Can you identify the /iː/ and /ɪ/ sounds in each
2
in the name of (for the sake of) fashion. Despite sentence? Practise saying the sentences.
the fact that the issue has been 3 widely reported 1 An increase in industrial waste will lead to habitat
(in the news a lot) and is now 4 common knowledge loss.
(known by everyone), fur isstill seen by some people 2 The key reason for this species’ success is their big
as a desirable luxury product. It is 5 safe to say beaks.
(certain) that if there was no demand for fur, then
3 Have you been drinking from reusable or single-use
these farms would close. In reality, this means that
cups?
consumers 6 share the blame (are also responsible for
the problem) with producers. 4 The disease spreads more quickly in humid conditions.

5 ON A HIGH NOTE Would you stop purchasing clothing

for environmental reasons? Write a short paragraph
and explain your stance.
© Pearson Central Europe, 2020 High Note 4 (B2/B2+) UNIT VOCABULARY PRACTICE > page 23 17
 2D READING AND VOCABULARY
1 Match sentences 1–4 about four different animals with
ACTIVE VOCABULARY | Idioms with animals
pictures A–D.
1 D It is made angry by the colour red. In English, there are many common idioms that feature
2 B It buries its head in the sand when it is afraid. animals. In some cases, meaning can be guessed if you
are aware of a particular animal’s behaviour, e.g.:
3 C It can only remember things for a few seconds.
the lion’s share of something = the largest portion/amount
4 A It becomes two living creatures if cut in half.
of something (when lions eat their prey, they leave very
little for other animals).
2 Which of the sentences in Exercise 1 do you think is
true? Read the article quickly and check your ideas.
None of the sentences are true. All the information is false. 6 Complete the sentences including animal idioms
3 Read the article again and match questions 1–10 with the words from the box. Use the information in
with paragraphs A–E. Each paragraph may be chosen brackets to help you.
more than once.
bird butterflies dog hawk horses snail wolf
Which paragraph …
1 D contains good news for animals that might be 1 The roads were so busy that the traffic was going
hunted by a particular predator? at a snail’s pace (very slowly) – it took us two hours
to get home!
2 E explains why a type of animal is not eaten as some
people believe? 2 Afraid that the children might hurt themselves while
playing, the new kindergarten teacher watched them
3 B reveals that a particular animal’s eyesight is more like a hawk (watched them very carefully) during
sensitive than is often believed? break time.
4 C suggests ancient origins for a particular myth? 3 Just hold your horses (wait) before you go rushing
5 D mentions an important brain function that lasts off. Have you packed everything you need?
much longer than commonly thought? 4 A little bird told me (I don’t want to say who it was)
6 A explains that a certain animal suffers from some that you’ve bought us tickets for a concert for my
vision deficiency but otherwise its eyesight is fine? birthday. Is it true?
7 E suggests that a particular truth will be a relief 5 I had butterflies in my stomach (I was nervous)
to a lot of people? before my English exam.
8 C mentions a myth linked to the desire to avoid being 6 Be careful – the new manager looks nice and friendly,
seen by predators? but she’s actually a wolf in sheep’s clothing (more
9 A gives a specific example of an idiom in the context dangerous than she seems) and is very strict.
of the writer’s family? 7 With far fewer jobs available than there are
10 B mentions a feeding behaviour that is often graduates, the post-graduate job market is a dog eat
misinterpreted as an attack on a human? dog world (it’s very competitive).

Vocabulary extension
7 ON A HIGH NOTE If you could have the powers of any
animal, which would you choose and why?
Write a paragraph giving your reasons.
4 Match the highlighted words and phrases from the text
with the definitions.
1 Not being able to fly. flightless
2 Hard pointed parts of an animal’s head. horns
3 A way of navigating using sound. echolocation A
4 An animal eaten by another animal. prey
5 Move quietly along the ground. creep
6 The ability to see well at night. night vision

5 Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the

words from Exercise 4.
1 My little brother screamed when he saw a spider
creeping out of the fruit bowl.
2 African buffalos are unusual because both males and
females grow horns on their heads.
3 As well as bats, marine animals such as dolphins and
whales use echolocation to help them navigate.
4 Penguins are flightless and have flippers.
5 Owls have extremely light-sensitive eyes and
therefore excellent night vision .
6 The leopard seal’s most common prey are squid and
fish, but they eat penguins too.

18 UNIT VOCABULARY PRACTICE > page 23 © Pearson Central Europe, 2020 High Note 4 (B2/B2+)
ANIMAL MYTHS 02
A Criticising my brother’s driving is like a red rag D Moving from underground to underwater, there
to a bull. He’ll lose his temper and you’ll end up walking are several common myths about marine creatures.
instead of getting a lift! The idiom ‘like a red rag Firstly, the idea that fish, and especially goldfish, have
to a bull’ is a useful way of describing something that a memory of just a few seconds is something people
is guaranteed to make another person angry, but where seem to remember, but ought to forget. Experiments
does it come from? Well, it’s common knowledge that suggest a fish’s memory is much better than that, and
the colour of blood makes bulls angry – that’s why can be counted in months rather than seconds. Next,
a matador’s cape is red, right? Wrong: bulls are actually sharks and the disturbing idea that these incredible
colour-blind and it is the movement of the cape, and not predators can detect a single drop of blood in the water
its colour, that makes them charge at you, horns first. from miles around. True, though these often solitary
This is one of many common myths about the walking, hunters have poor eyesight, they do have a highly
flying, swimming and crawling creatures with whom we developed sense of smell, with some species able to
share our beautiful planet. detect a single drop of blood in about fifty litres of
B The idiom ‘as blind as a bat’ is often used to describe water. However, rather disappointingly (unless you’re
someone who can’t find something that’s right in front a fish or another of the shark’s favourite prey), their
of them. However, even a thorough search is unlikely noses are not as sensitive as is generally believed when
to reveal a truly blind bat because in fact, all species in it comes to blood.
the bat family have eyes and are capable of sight. About E Finally, let’s head back to dry land where the insects
seventy percent of them use echolocation to navigate, and invertebrates (creatures without backbones) creep
but that doesn’t mean they can’t see. The remaining and crawl. Firstly, despite the rumours, earthworms do
thirty percent, mainly the larger species, don’t even use not actually become two separate worms if you split
echolocation and have excellent night vision. Another them in half. Only a limited number of earthworm species
bat myth is that they love human hair. While they are can survive such serious injury – only the front half of the
known to occasionally dive towards people at high worm (where the mouth is located) is able to feed and so
speed, scientific evidence shows that they are actually survive. Moving from zero to eight legs, you’ll no doubt be
hunting insects and are not irresistibly attracted to your relieved and thankful that it’s not true that over a lifetime
beautiful long hair! people swallow a large number of spiders during their
C The idiom ‘to bury your head in the sand’ means to sleep. While sleeping, we make all kinds of noises and
ignore a problem in the hope that it will go away. The movements that warn spiders of danger and prevent them
saying is based on the behaviour of ostriches, known from becoming unwanted midnight snacks. So, armed with
for using their beaks to dig holes in which to hide their that knowledge, I wish you a peaceful night’s sleep, and if
head from enemies. The only problem is that this is not you are curious to learn more, there are plenty more myths
actually normal ostrich behaviour. The myth that the connected to animals that you can read about online.
world’s largest flightless birds do this is probably
based on the writings of Pliny the Elder. He was C
a famous Roman naturalist who suggested around two
thousand years ago that ostriches ‘imagine, when they
have thrust their head and neck into a bush, that the
whole of their body is concealed.’ Considering ostriches
are the fastest creatures on two legs and
have a kick powerful enough to kill a lion, they are
much more likely to run or fight than try to hide.

© Pearson Central Europe, 2020 High Note 4 (B2/B2+) 19

 2E SPEAKING DROWNING IN
1 Read the phrases. How do you say them
OLD CLOTHES?
in Polish?
BRING THEM TO
SPEAKING | Problem-solving CLOTHES SWAP DAY.
EXPRESSING INDECISION
I’m torn between a new drinking fountain and
a plastic recycling bin.
I’m on the fence about the advertising
campaign.
I’m having second thoughts.
I can’t make up my mind.
On the one hand, this is a fun idea, but on the
other hand, not everybody can afford it.
I can’t put my finger on it, but something’s not
right with the poster.
Swap old clothes for new
EXPRESSING AGREEMENT AT CLOTHES SWAP DAY
You’re spot on!
That’s what I was going to say!
Absolutely!

EXPRESSING DISAGREEMENT
It doesn’t grab me.
I think we’re on the wrong track.
That’s a good point, but I don’t know if
everybody will agree.
OK, but another option might be to reduce
plastic use within the town.
Seriously?!

REACHING A DECISION
3 Complete the conversation with the correct words from the
So, let’s make a decision on this. Speaking box. Which poster do the friends decide to use?
OK, so will we go with the first poster? Dan So we have to choose one of these posters to promote our
It looks as if we agree that the first poster is environmental campaign – the school clothes swap day.
more suitable. What do you think? I’m 1torn between these two.
Sia That’s what I was going to 2 say ! I can’t make up my
2 Choose the correct words to complete the
3
mind which one though. I mean – on the one 4 hand , the
sentences. poster with the wave of clothes is visually striking, but on
the other hand, the one with the two guys is quite funny.
1 It looks as if / like we agree that we need
a recycling bin in each classroom. Dan It is, but something about it doesn’t 5 grab me. I can’t quite
put my 6 finger on it. Maybe it needs a better caption or
2 I’m on / over the fence about it to be honest.
something?
3 Absolutely! / Seriously?! That’s exactly what
Sia That’s a good 7 point , but I’m not sure I can think of anything
I think too.
better.
4 OK, but another option / decision might be to
Dan Maybe something like ‘Clothes swap day – not just for girls!’
wait a bit longer.
Sia Hmm. I think we’re on the wrong 8 track with the gender
5 So, let’s do / make a decision on this, shall
thing. How about ‘You never know what you’ll find at
we?
clothes swap day’. Sort of like these two guys found each
6 I’m having second ideas / thoughts about our other among the clothes, if you know what I mean.
decision.
Dan I think you’re 9 spot on! I like it!
Sia OK, so will we 10 go with this one then?
Dan Definitely. I’ll change the caption and print a few off.
The friends decide to use the poster with the two guys in it.
4 ON A HIGH NOTE Write a short conversation between two friends
who want to organise a fundraising event for their school. Use
phrases from this lesson.

20 © Pearson Central Europe, 2020 High Note 4 (B2/B2+)

2F GRAMMAR 02
Future forms for plans and hopes
1 Read the sentences. Then complete the rules with
the structures and names of tenses in bold.
1 The shopping centre opens at 10 a.m. (Present Simple)
2 I’m going to give these old blankets to the charity shop.
3 I will take a packet of the paper straws, thanks.
4 As usual on the show, we’ll be showing you how to
reuse everyday items. (Future Continuous)
5 We’re meeting early to go to the car boot sale.
(Present Continuous)
Rules
a We use Future Continuous to talk about an action that
is expected to happen in the normal course of events.
b We use Present Simple to talk about a timetabled or
scheduled future event.
c We use going to to talk about something which has
4 Put the words in order to make sentences. Then
match the sentences with explanations a–d.
already been decided.
1 b the winners / announce / they / to / are / about
d We use Present Continuous to talk about a future
arrangement with another person. They are about to announce the winners.
e We use will plus bare infinitive to talk about 2 a planning / we / go / on holiday / this summer / to /
a future action decided at the moment of speaking. are
We are planning to go on holiday this summer.
2 Choose the correct forms to complete the sentences 3 d are / you / apologise / at once / to / !
about a monthly car boot sale.
You are to apologise at once!
1 The monthly sale starts / is starting at 10 a.m.
4 c begin / is / the concert / due / at 8 p.m. / to
2 I ’m going to try / try and sell all my old sports
The concert is due to begin at 8 p.m.
equipment.
5 a hoping / turtles and dolphins / to / we’re / see
3 As usual, they ’re / ’ll be selling tickets at the gate.
We’re hoping to see turtles and dolphins.
4 I ’m meeting / ’ll meet my cousin there at 9 a.m. to set
up our stall. 6 a of / my summer job / thinking / quitting / I’m
5 It sounds fun – maybe we ’re going to / ’ll come along I’m thinking of quitting my summer job.
too. 7 d the café / shut down / is / on Friday / to
The café is to shut down on Friday.
3 Look at the poster and complete the sentences
with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets. a for plans
Sometimes more than one answer is possible.
b when something is happening very soon

ANNUAL
c for timetabled events
d for formal or official arrangements, instructions or

CHARITY DAY
commands

5 Rewrite the sentences using the words in bold.

1 I intend to sell this jacket online. THINKING
Queen Anne’s School I'm thinking of selling this jacket online.
2 We will arrive at our destination very soon. ABOUT
29 July, 9 a.m. We’re/We are about to arrive at our destination.
3 I’ve just decided to go home. ’LL
I think I’ll go home.
4 We intend to buy fewer clothes this year. GOING
1 The annual charity day begins (begin) at 9 a.m. We’re/We are going to buy fewer clothes this year.
2 29 July? I’m free, so I think I ’ll/will come (come). 5 The timetable says the tram leaves at ten past. DUE
3 It’s been decided that we ’re/are going to raise The timetable says the tram is due to leave at ten past.
(raise) money for the British Heart Foundation. 6 The princess will open the new park. TO
4 As in previous years, the head teacher will be The princess is to open the new park.
announcing/will announce (announce) how much
money we have raised at the end of the day. 6 ON A HIGH NOTE Use each of the tenses and structures
5 On the 28, my classmates and I are baking/will be practised in Exercises 1 and 4 to write sentences about
baking (bake) cakes to sell. you and your plans for the next few weeks.

© Pearson Central Europe, 2020 High Note 4 (B2/B2+) 21

 2G WRITING AND VOCABULARY | A formal email

Begin with an appropriate formal George Grouse

greeting. To: City Council
Subject: Air pollution
1
Dear Sir/Madam,
State your reasons for writing in I am writing 2 to express my concern about plans to construct a new concert hall on
the introduction. the site of the city park on Washington Road. While a concert hall would certainly be
a desirable facility, the current plans present a number of major problems.
Like many city centre residents, my family and I live in an apartment and value the
In the main paragraphs, state the park for the access it provides to fresh air in a green environment. On any day,
problem and offer some solutions. people of all ages can be found walking, jogging, cycling and rollerblading there.
Outdoor exercise is vital for physical and mental well-being and I am 3 worried
that removal of the park would have a serious impact on residents’ health. If the
council is keen to promote fitness and well-being, plans for the concert hall must be
In the final paragraph, ask the
reconsidered to allow space for this vital function to continue.
recipient of the email to take some
action. With its mature trees and good-sized lake, the park is home to many birds and wild
animals. 4 We are told that the city’s expansion in recent years has already caused
a great deal of habitat loss. I find it unacceptable that yet another part of the
city’s green space would be sacrificed under the current proposals. It is 5 essential
Mention that you expect a reply
that preservation of the area for the benefit of the animal population is taken into
before you sign off.
consideration in any plans.
Given the drawbacks to locating the concert hall on the site of Washington Road
Park, 6 I urge you to seek an alternative location in an area which would benefit from
Sign off with an appropriate development and not one which already has a clear and important purpose. I look
farewell that matches the greeting forward to 7 hearing from you.
you began with. 8
Yours faithfully,
George Grouse

1 Replace the underlined parts in the email with the

ACTIVE WRITING | E-mail formalny
words and phrases from the box.
1 Zaplanuj swój e-mail:
concerned Dear Mrs Greco I would ask you It is said
• Zrób notatki dotyczące każdego punktu polecenia.
vital with regard to your response Yours sincerely
• Zastanów się, jakie argumenty i przykłady chcesz
1 Dear Mrs Greco 5 vital zawrzeć w swoim tekście.
2 with regard to 6 I would ask you 2 Napisz swój e-mail:
3 concerned 7 your response • Rozpocznij i zakończ swój e-mail w odpowiedni,
4 It is said 8 Yours sincerely formalny i uprzejmy sposób.
• Wykorzystaj zwroty z tabeli Writing (Student’s Book,
2 Find the word that is not possible in each sentence. str. 27).
1 I am contacting you with regard to a(n) complex / • Stosuj styl formalny: pisz pełnymi zdaniami, unikaj
ideal / significant problem. potocznych wyrażeń, form ściągniętych (I’m, isn’t),
emotikonów i skrótów.
2 This is a fundamental / major / viable problem for the
town and its citizens. • Prosząc o informacje, stosuj pytania pośrednie.
3 What is needed is a pressing / simple / workable • Podziel swój e-mail na akapity.
solution. 3 Sprawdź, czy twój tekst:
4 People need to face / offer / address this issue • rozwija wszystkie punkty polecenia,
as a matter of urgency. • jest poprawny gramatycznie, spójny i logiczny,
5 The most effective way to tackle / deal with / • zawiera różnorodne słownictwo charakterystyczne
implement this problem is also the simplest. dla danego tematu,
• mieści się w limicie 200–250 słów.
3 WRITING TASK W mediach często porusza się
problem smogu, który powoduje różne schorzenia
i utrudnia mieszkańcom oddychanie. Napisz do gazety
e-mail, w którym opiszesz sytuację, która sprawiła,
że zainteresowałeś/zainteresowałaś się tym
problemem, i zaproponujesz rozwiązania mające
na celu poprawę jakości powietrza.

22 UNIT VOCABULARY PRACTICE > page 23 © Pearson Central Europe, 2020 High Note 4 (B2/B2+)
UNIT VOCABULARY PRACTICE 02
1 2A GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY Complete the blog post 4 2D READING AND VOCABULARY Choose the correct
with one preposition in each gap. words to complete the sentences.

#TRASHTAG Challenge
1 The marine / poacher caught a little furry / slimy
hamster and gave it to his children as a lovely chilly /
The cuddly pet.
2 The pangolin is the only reptile / mammal wholly
As a consequence 1of the ‘#trashtag challenge’ going covered in scales / claws.
viral on social media, thousands of people have begun 3 The dodo was a bird with a large beak / scale. Sadly,
clearing up rubbish from their neighbourhoods. The it’s now extinct / nocturnal.
social media phenomenon has brought 2 about 4 This species of bee is now endangered / solitary
a change in people’s attitudes to urban cleanliness because of lead poisoning / pesticides used in
and given rise 3 to hundreds of mini clean-up schemes agriculture.
across the country. Littering results 4 from a lack 5 The skeleton / wing of the sabre-toothed tiger shows
of responsibility and awareness, but the ‘#trashtag that it was one of prehistory’s largest backbones /
challenge’ is helping to change that. Another big cause predators .
5
of littering is the shortage of bins in public spaces, 5 2G WRITING AND VOCABULARY Complete the email with
so we are asking the local council to find funding to the correct forms of the words from the box.
increase both the number of bins and the frequency
contribute press tackle urgent viable
of rubbish collections. If you would like to help, click
here to sign our petition. Your support could result 6 in
Dear Sir/Madam,
concrete action and a cleaner environment for us all.
I am writing with regard to the 1pressing problem of
single-use non-biodegradable plastics your restaurant
uses.
2 2B VOCABULARY Complete the sentences with one The takeaway boxes that stay in your customers’ hands
word in each gap. for ten minutes could be in the ocean forever, so they
1 Acid rain is sometimes strong enough to damage the
2
contribute to the problem of plastic waste. As the
paint on your car. majority of your clients probably won’t check if the box
2 Exhaust fumes are extremely dangerous to human is recyclable before throwing it in the bin, I believe
health. it is your company’s responsibility to 3 tackle this
3 Sometimes the only way to save an endangered fundamental problem and make a significant change
species is to move the last remaining animals to a zoo. to your packaging system.
4 Known deposits of fossil fuels may run out in the next I would be grateful if you could offer a 4 viable
50 to 150 years. solution as it is a matter of 5 urgency .
5 Could technology provide a solution to global Yours faithfully,
heating? Fran Bothered
6 The disastrous landslide was caused by soil erosion
after trees were cut down higher up the slopes. 6 ON A HIGH NOTE What is the weather like in your
7 Vehicle emissions are only one of the many causes of country? Describe how it varies throughout the year.
climate change.

3 2C LISTENING AND VOCABULARY Complete the weather

report with the words and phrases from the box.
cold freak gale-force heat hot humidity pour
scorching soaked sub-zero torrential

And here’s the world weather report. It’s boiling 1hot in

Australia with the blistering 2 heat reaching
45 degrees in many places this week.
Those 3 scorching temperatures continue northwards into
Indonesia and Thailand, where it is particularly humid
for the time of year – high 4 humidity in Vietnam too. You
can expect to get 5 soaked in South East Asia next week,
however, as the heatwave breaks and is replaced by
6
torrential rain and the risk of floods and even hurricanes Returning to Europe and to Germany where 9 freak
in the coming weeks. weather means that 10 gale-force winds have hit the city
Crossing to Canada, it’s a completely different story – of Frankfurt and surrounding areas. The storms should
heavy snow and 7 sub-zero temperatures making it finally die down tomorrow, but it’s expected to 11 pour
a chilly minus 9 in Vancouver, and further north it’s with rain for most of the next week.
freezing 8 cold , reaching minus 28 in places. That’s the weather for now. We’ll be back after the news.
© Pearson Central Europe, 2020 High Note 4 (B2/B2+) 23
 Unit self-check

GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY 4 Complete the conversation with one word in each gap.
1 Complete the sentences with one word in each gap. Ian Soon we’ll have 1been queuing for this
roller coaster for over an hour. My feet hurt.
1 Lack of sleep can bring about all sorts of mental and
physical health problems. Kelly We’re nearly there, Ian. We’re sure 2 to enjoy it
after all this waiting!
2 Her refusal to pay the fine resulted in a short jail
sentence. Ian With our luck it will 3 be raining by the time we
get on it.
3 Around the world, habitat loss is having a serious
impact on the survival of many species such as frogs. Kelly Oh, 4 will you keep complaining all the time?
4 Mountain gorillas are amongst the most endangered Ian Well, in fact, I am having 5 second thoughts
species with only a few hundred individuals left in the about this. Last year my uncle got so scared on
wild. a roller coaster that he almost had heart attack.
5 In Quibdó, Columbia, there is no dry season and it Kelly Why are you always 6 such a pessimist?
pours with rain for 304 days a year on average. /5
6 Scientists agree that the burning of coal could
lead to global heating.
USE OF ENGLISH
/5 5 Complete the sentences using the words in
brackets in the correct form. Add any other necessary
2 Choose the correct words to complete the sentences. words.
1 The blistering / heavy snow means that it’s difficult for 1 Are you meeting her / going to meet her (you / meet /
birds to find food. she) tomorrow?
2 A grizzly bear could tear you apart with its powerful 2 We plan / are planning to go home (plan / go /
claws / fins. home) as soon as this class finishes.
3 These extinct / nocturnal creatures sleep by day and 3 The discovery is likely to lead to (be / likely / lead)
hunt by night. a breakthrough in medical science.
4 This is one of the most complete fossilised dinosaur 4 At the moment, Rachel is thinking of/about helping
skeletons / scales ever found. (think / help) a charity.
5 Two primates / poachers were arrested for hunting 5 When I graduate from the technical university,
elephants for their ivory. I will set up a business (set / business) with my
/5 cousin.
/5
3 Choose the correct forms to complete the sentences.
1 By the end of this term, we    English for five years 6 Choose the correct words a–d to complete the text.
and we still have two more years to do.
a ’ll have been studying One of the most serious problems we have been
b ’ll be studying 1
     with since the 1970s is ozone depletion.
c ’ll study Ozone is a gas that is produced naturally up in the
2 If you don’t charge your phone now, it    completely stratosphere, which surrounds the Earth like
by lunchtime. a protective blanket. This ozone 2     keeps us
a will be dying safe because it absorbs many of the sun’s harmful
b will been dying ultraviolet (UV) rays. 3     of emitting harmful
c will have died chemicals into the atmosphere, it has been getting
3 You    sick if you eat any more cake. thinner and thinner. As a result, the UV radiation levels
a will have been increase at the Earth's surface, which is a serious
b are going to be
4
     to human health. This can lead to various
c will be being problems, including types of skin cancer and
a weakened immune system. Scientists have been
4 Long before her birthday, Jessica will already    how
she wants to celebrate. urging governments to do more to curb fatal industrial
emissions and they hope that by the end of this
a have been deciding
decade a(n) 5     solution will have been
b have decided
c be deciding found.

5 In two weeks’ time, I    on a beach in Fiji. 1 a facing b dealing c tackling d going
a ’ll be lying 2 a erosion b hole c layer d gas
b ’ll lie
3 a Due b As a consequence
c ’ll have been lying
/5 c For safety reasons d With regard
4 a threat b problem c cause d ban
5 a pressing b fundamental c appealing d viable
/5
/ 30
24 © Pearson Central Europe, 2020 High Note 4 (B2/B2+)
Matura self-check 02
1 Uzupełnij luki (1–5), wpisując jedno słowo w każdą 3 Wykorzystując wyrazy podane drukowanymi
lukę w taki sposób, aby powstał spójny i logiczny literami, uzupełnij każde zdanie z luką, tak aby zachować
tekst. Wymagana jest pełna poprawność gramatyczna sens zdania wyjściowego (1–8). W każdą lukę można
i ortograficzna wpisywanych wyrazów. wpisać maksymalnie pięć wyrazów, wliczając wyraz
już podany. Wymagana jest pełna poprawność
ortograficzna i gramatyczna wpisywanych fragmentów
Everyone is going green
zdań. Nie zmieniaj formy podanych wyrazów.
The importance of eco-friendly products couldn’t
1 By 2100, coral reefs will most probably completely
be greater these days. As media coverage of global
disappear. ARE
environmental issues 1 has expanded considerably,
By 2100, coral reefs are likely to completely disappear .
purchasing habits are changing, too.
2 It’s certain that our local health food shop will close
Research has recently shown that over 30% of down next week. BOUND
consumers prefer to purchase so-called eco-friendly Our local health food shop is bound to close down
products. As many as 35% of respondents don’t have next week.
second 2 thoughts before spending more money on 3 By the time we get there, the lecture will be in progress.
natural cleaning products or sustainable fashion. ALREADY
In reaction to changing trends in customer choices, By the time we get there, the lecture will have already
companies across the world are 3 taking immediate started .
action to incorporate sustainable practices into their 4 I haven’t watched a documentary for months. TIME
business models. For example, a popular restaurant The last time I watched a documentary was months
chain has decided to stop using plastic straws, ago.
as they are a real threat 4 to the planet. There's 5 We’ve made a decision to launch an environmental
a good chance that plastic packaging 5 will have campaign at school. ARE
disappeared from retail outlets by the end of this We are going to launch an environmental campaign
decade.
at school.
6 Why do you find it so difficult to make a decision? MIND
Why do you find it so difficult to make up your mind ?
2 W zadaniach 1–10 uzupełnij luki, wpisując wyraz,
7 I don’t like the idea of working from home. ME
który poprawnie uzupełnia luki w obydwu zdaniach.
The idea of working from home does not appeal to me .
1 The minister had to spell out the new procedures in 8 I’ve discovered an old encyclopaedia in the library.
detail. COME
I don’t know how to spell his name. I have come across an old encyclopaedia in the library.
2 We admired the blue waters of the lake.
I’m feeling kind of blue today. 4 Przetłumacz na język angielski fragmenty podane
3 The charity raised ten thousand pounds. w nawiasach, tak aby otrzymać zdania logiczne
The campaign raised awareness of green products. i gramatycznie poprawne. Wymagana jest pełna
poprawność ortograficzna wpisywanych fragmentów
4 Why haven't you thrown these dead flowers away?
zdań. W każdą lukę możesz wpisać maksymalnie sześć
They look awful.
wyrazów.
We were dead impressed by their hard work.
1 I don’t think we will need passwords (będziemy
5 The gate is locked with a chain and a padlock.
potrzebować haseł) to log into our accounts in the future.
A food chain begins with plant life.
2 If tigers are set free in the wild, they will start fighting
6 Jon felt he was walking on air when he saw the
each other (zaczną ze sobą walczyć) for control over
exam results.
their territory.
Some people believe that air travel is growing too
fast. 3 We had to deal with problems that resulted from
human errors/mistakes (wynikały z błędów ludzkich)
7 The white eagle is in danger of extinction. that had been made in the past.
Acid rain is a danger to animals and plants in every
ecosystem. 4 Smokers have a shorter life expectancy (mają krótszą
spodziewaną średnią długość życia) than non-smokers.
8 There is no space for another desk.
5 The city council has built a new landfill (zbudowała
Yuri Gagarin was the first man in space .
nowe wysypisko śmieci) for toxic waste.
9 I’m not able to draw very well.
6 The mobile Internet providers have just provided/
I’d like to draw your attention to one important issue.
found a solution (właśnie znaleźli rozwiązanie) to
10 I find it difficult to break the ice with new classmates. enable secure online payments.
Be careful or you’ll break it!
7 What measures do you think we can take to draw
attention to (aby przyciągnąć uwagę do) the ethical
aspects of meat production?
8 It was wrong of you to put your friends on the spot
(postawić swoich przyjaciół w niezręcznej sytuacji).
9 Freak weather (conditions) forced (Anomalie pogodowe
zmusiły) the explorers to abandon the expedition.
10 Scientists predict that all Amur leopards will have
become extinct (wyginą) in the wild by 2030.
© Pearson Central Europe, 2020 High Note 4 (B2/B2+) 25
 03 Influences

3A GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY

Past and present habits 3 Complete the sentences with the correct forms of
used to or would and the verbs in brackets. Sometimes
1 Match sentences 1–7 with their meanings a–g.
more than one answer is possible.
1 d Leo was forever bursting into tears as a child.
1 When we were younger, my sister and I used to share
2 g Sara is constantly showing off. (share) a bedroom.
3 b Nasreen will forget to take her contact lenses out. 2 How did you use to stay (stay) in touch with your
4 f My uncle would always take me swimming. friends before you got your first phone?
5 e I used to love winding my brother up. 3 My brother was the baby of the family and everybody
6 a We watched that show every week. used to/would make (make) a big fuss of him.
7 c He and I always mess about in Maths lessons. 4 When I was a student, I used to/would run (run) a lot.
I used to/would get up (get up) really early and run
a a repeated past action or state; it might still happen in ten kilometres before breakfast.
the present 5 When I was young, I didn’t use to think (not think)
b a characteristic of a person which is typical of them I would ever become an adult.
c a repeated action in the present 6 Caroline’s sister always used to be (be) the
d an annoying repeated habit in the past peacemaker in her family.
e a past state or action which no longer exists 7 When Greta was younger, she used to/would
f a habit or repeated action in the past, but not a state suddenly start (suddenly/start) crying for no reason.
g an annoying repeated habit in the present 4 Match sentences 1–5 with responses a–e. Then
complete the responses with will/won’t or would/
2 Complete the mini-conversations with the correct wouldn’t.
Present or Past Continuous forms of the words in
brackets. 1 c ‘Nobody wanted to play with him when he was
little.’
Jane Have you two fallen out again?
2 e ‘My parents don’t let me use their car.’
Billy To be honest, Ellen and I 1are always falling out
(always/fall out) and it really upsets me. 3 a ‘Amanda is thinking of leaving her husband.’
4 d ‘I never really believed anything he said.’
Emma Why did you and your fiancé split up? 5 b ‘Dani’s hearing is getting really bad.’
Sue He 2 was constantly giving (constantly/give)
compliments to my friend and then I saw them a ‘Yes, well, he won't listen to a word she says.’
out together. b ‘Well, she will keep listening to heavy metal.’
Callum Why don’t you like the twins? c ‘I’m not surprised. He won’t stop shouting at the
other kids.’
Mia They 3 are/‘re forever talking (forever/talk)
behind people’s backs. d ‘That’s not surprising. He would tell the most
ridiculous stories.’
Jasper Why did they stop playing rugby? e ‘Well, you will go too fast whenever you drive.’
Jamie Because they 4 were constantly injuring
(constantly/injure) themselves.

Fiona How do you put up with him?

Neil To tell you the truth, I 5 am/’m constantly asking
(constantly/ask) myself the same question!

26 © Pearson Central Europe, 2020 High Note 4 (B2/B2+)

 03
7 Choose all the correct forms to complete the
text. Sometimes more than one answer is correct.
When I was at primary school, I didn't do well at school.
My concentration span 1 very short, and I was
constantly getting into trouble for not listening. I often
2
bored in class. I 3 out of the window all the
time and daydream. I 4 listen to what the teacher
was saying and found it hard to focus. One time I 5
asleep while we were writing a Maths test! It was so
embarrassing.
Now I've grown up and I am a father of twin boys. They
are bright students with good grades, but it annoys me
that they are always messing about instead of paying
attention in class. Teachers often report that they 6 late
to almost every class and they 7 to do their homework
more often than not. I guess they remind me of myself!
I hope things will get better as they grow older.

1 a would be b used to be c was

5 Complete the mini-conversations with one word 2 a would feel b felt c used to feel
or a contraction in each gap.
3 a would stare b used to stare c was staring
Max Did you 1use to walk to school when you were
4 a didn't b wouldn't c didn't use to
little?
5 a fell b used to fall c would fall
Scott No, my mum 2 would always give me a lift.
6 a arrive b will arrive c are arriving
Doria My sisters 3 didn’t use to argue, but these days 7 a will forget b would forget c forget
they are 4 always/constantly/forever falling out.
Helga Are they? I know what you mean. In my 8 USE OF ENGLISH Complete the second sentence
household, I 5 am/’m always the peacemaker. using the word in bold so that it means the same as the
first one. Use between two and five words, including
Lia Why 6 are you always shouting at me?! the word in bold.
Jim Because you annoy me! 1 Lola starts crying if anyone criticises her. WILL
Lia You didn’t 7 use to lose your temper so often. Lola will burst into tears if anyone criticises her.
Jim That’s because you 8 weren’t constantly 2 Kenny didn’t get angry when he was a child. USE
winding me up! Kenny didn’t use to lose his temper when he was a
Ahmed I’m exhausted. child.
Penny Well – you 9 will stay up late watching videos 3 Dad and I met on Tuesdays and Saturdays. WOULD
on YouTube. What do you expect? Dad and I would meet on Tuesdays and Saturdays.
4 Liam has a habit of blowing things out of proportion.
6 Complete the sentences with the forms from the USUALLY
box. Then tick the sentences which express annoyance
Liam usually blows things out of proportion.
with somebody’s behaviour.
5 I’m sorry to say that Fiona and I often teased a girl at
are forever going didn’t use to get on didn’t use to like school. TO
lived used to understand was constantly showing off I’m sorry to say that Fiona and I often used to make
will borrow would always whistle fun of a girl at school.
6 Daria checks her phone every few minutes. It’s so
1 When I was young, I didn't use to like fizzy drinks.
irritating. FOREVER
2 ✓ My aunt and uncle are forever going on holiday.
Daria is forever checking her phone. It’s so irritating.
I don’t know how they can afford it.
7 Did you have arguments with your brother when you
3 ✓ My elder sister will borrow my clothes without
were younger? TO
asking me first.
Did you use to fall out with your brother when you
4 I didn’t use to get on with my nieces.
were younger?
5 I used to understand a lot of French when I was a
child, but I’ve forgotten it now. 9 ON A HIGH NOTE Write a paragraph comparing your
6 ✓ When we were in primary school, Mark was English language skills as a beginner with your current
constantly showing off in front of the girls in class. abilities. Use structures from this lesson.
7 When I was a child, we lived in London.
8 When we were hiking, Dylan would always whistle
something to himself.

© Pearson Central Europe, 2020 High Note 4 (B2/B2+) UNIT VOCABULARY PRACTICE > page 35 27
 3B LISTENING AND VOCABULARY
1 13 Listen to a radio programme about the influence
of books. Tick the types of books that are mentioned in
the programme.
1 ✓ self-help
2 romance
3 ✓ historical non-fiction
4 graphic novel
5 ✓ semi-autobiographical novel
6 ✓ young adult novel

2 13 Listen again and match speakers 1–4 with

statements a–e. There is one extra statement. Pronunciation
1 B Oliver 5 14 Listen to some pairs of sentences from the
2 D Grace recording in Exercise 1, paying particular attention
3 E Ellie to how the underlined words differ from each other.
4 C Simon What do you notice about their pronunciation?
a It features a character that is similar to me. 1 a Some pick up a book in order to learn something
new or find out information. strong version
b It helped me decide on my future career.
b It contains some really inspirational ideas about
c I keep coming back to it when I need motivation in how to make the most of your life. weak version
life.
2 a Oliver, let’s start with you. strong version
d Some parts of the book were challenging to read.
b Can you believe that? weak version
e It taught me a valuable lesson about life.

Vocabulary extension ACTIVE PRONUNCIATION

Weak vowel forms
3 Match the words from the box, which you heard in the If a word in a sentence does not carry the main
recording in Exercise 1, with their definitions. message, English speakers usually make it sound
accessible bookworm lasting simplify worthwhile ‘weaker’ by using the neutral vowel sound /ə/. This
may take place with:
1 Having an effect for a long time. lasting • determiners (e.g. some, this)
2 Worth the time, money or effort spent. worthwhile • conjunctions (e.g. than, and)
3 Easy to understand and enjoy. accessible • pronouns (e.g. he, them)
4 A person who loves to read and does it a lot. bookworm • auxiliary verbs (e.g. can, have)
5 Make something easier to understand. simplify • prepositions (e.g. at, of)
However, when these words are emphasised, quoted
4 Complete the extracts from the recording with the
or said at the end of the sentence, they can be
words from Exercise 3.
pronounced with full vowels.
1 I was worried it would be too difficult, but it was
actually quite accessible and really fascinating.
2 In fact, it had such a lasting effect on me that I’ve
6 15 Listen to these sentences. Which of the
underlined words are strong forms?
decided to study History when I go to uni next year!
1 At [strong] the time, I didn’t know him at all.
3 I’m a total bookworm and the most influential thing
I’ve read recently is a John Green novel called Turtles 2 Jack’s charming and trustworthy, and [strong] he’s very
All the Way Down. hard-working.
4 As usual he doesn’t simplify things or soften them 3 I have checked that we have [strong] all the documents.
just because he’s writing for young adults. 4 She’s thinking of taking some time off [strong].
5 Some parts of it are extremely emotional and were
difficult to read, but that’s what makes it worthwhile 7 15 Listen again and repeat the sentences in
in my opinion. Exercise 6.

8 Which words in these sentences have a weak form?

Practise saying the sentences.
1 He’s always put him on a pedestal.
2 Some artists tend to be hypocritical.
3 Entertainment can be seen as a distraction.
4 Millennials and baby boomers could not be more
different.

28 UNIT VOCABULARY PRACTICE > page 35 © Pearson Central Europe, 2020 High Note 4 (B2/B2+)
3C VOCABULARY | Personal qualities and behaviour 03
1 Choose the correct words to complete the sentences.
1 Jenny is a very capable / conceited teacher and I’m sure
you’ll benefit from her lessons.
2 She’s such a(n) inspirational / tough teacher that all
her students want to be like her.
3 The doctor was always very bigoted / charming and
knew what to say to help her patients relax.
4 It’s fine to be hypocritical / idealistic , but sometimes
you have to be practical too.
5 Truly dedicated / pushy musicians are constantly
practising.
6 Why can’t you act your age and stop being so
dedicated / immature ?
7 Jean proved she was compassionate / charming by
volunteering to help out at an animal shelter.
8 He’s a very inspirational / decent person and will 4 Complete the sentences with the verbs from the
always act in the proper way. box.
9 Delwyn would always get defensive / trustworthy admire find follow look down on put set
if a teacher criticised his written work.
10 Was the politician being sincere / modest when he 1 I find Anne Hathaway inspirational because of her
said the government would tackle climate change? work as a UN goodwill ambassador.
2 How dare you look down on me – just because my
2 Match the words from the box with their definitions. parents aren’t wealthy!
bigoted conceited hypocritical modest passionate 3 Will you please tidy your room and set a good
pushy tough trustworthy example for your little brother?
4 Sharif’s parents always put him on a pedestal –
1 Constantly telling people how great you are. conceited probably because he’s an only child.
2 Determined to get what you want. pushy 5 Gareth wants to follow in his mother’s footsteps and
3 Feeling very strongly about something. passionate become a doctor.
4 Not talking in a proud way about your achievements. 6 I really admire Greta Thunberg for her work in raising
modest awareness of climate change.
5 Saying one thing, but doing something different.
hypocritical 5 Complete the online comment with one word in
each gap.
6 Can always be trusted. trustworthy
7 Able to deal with difficult situations. tough
WHAT’S
BUGGING?
8 Intolerant of other people's beliefs and practices.
bigoted

3 Use the words from Exercise 2 to complete the

descriptions. YOU TODAY
at haveyoursay.com
1 Justin says he’s worried about climate change, but Share it with the world
he drives everywhere and goes on holiday by plane
twice a year. He’s hypocritical. Don’t you just 1 loathe it when someone you
2 Candice won’t take ‘no’ for an answer. She’ll keep 2
admire proves to be a bad 3 influence on others?
asking until she gets what she wants. She’s pushy . It seems to happen all the time these days. Athletes
3 Alberto is a highly skilled pianist, but he doesn’t show who we 4 idolise , singers whose music we find
off about it. He’s modest . 5
inspirational , actors who we put on a 6 pedestal
4 Gosia hates anyone who is different from her. She’s because of their talents and abilities, activists that
really bigoted . we admire as 7 shining examples for hope and change.
5 Reena is in a lot of pain from her illness, but she But instead of being figures that we can look up 8 to ,
doesn’t complain or feel sorry for herself. She’s tough . they turn out to be totally 9 hypocritical ! They say one
6 Carolina believes she’s a better person than all her thing and then do something completely different! It
friends. She’s so conceited .
drives me crazy!
7 If you want to be sure a secret is kept, tell Margo.
She’s trustworthy .
8 Marcel’s life is completely dedicated to tackling 6 ON A HIGH NOTE Write a short news article about
pollution. He’s passionate about it. somebody famous who has been in the media
recently. Use the words and phrases from this lesson.

© Pearson Central Europe, 2020 High Note 4 (B2/B2+) UNIT VOCABULARY PRACTICE > page 35 29
 3D READING AND VOCABULARY
1 Read the text quickly. Tick the section of a newspaper 4 Complete the sentences with the words from Exercise 3.
in which you would expect to find this article. 1 I was born and brought up in the UK, but my family
has its roots in Pakistan.
A B
BUSINESS SCIENCE 2 The only distant relatives I’ve ever met are my third
cousins, who visited last year from the USA.
C ✓ D
LIFESTYLE Books 3 According to my great-grandmother, our family is
descended from the Vikings!
4 Filipino families are known for having very close
2 Read the text again and choose the correct ties between members.
answers. 5 Our family is particularly small and I have very few
1 How does the author feel about the fact that many living relations .
people know very little about their ancestors’ lives? 6 My ancestors first came to Europe during the 1700s.
a She suggests it is not important.
b She finds it unfortunate.
ACTIVE VOCABULARY | Phrasal verbs with back
c She understands how it happens.
d She thinks it is interesting. The particle used in a phrasal verb can sometimes help
you understand its overall meaning. For example, the
2 What does the author say about genealogy? particle back often refers to the idea of returning to an
a It never has shocking results. earlier time.
b It is a new area of study. • think back – remember an earlier time
c It is a very profitable business. • put back – return something to where it was earlier
d It was invented by AJ Jacobs. • give back – return something you took earlier
3 What does ‘distress’ mean in line 19?
a confusion b hatred 5 Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the
c unhappiness d jealousy verbs from the box. Use a dictionary to help you if
4 Why did AJ Jacobs feel the Global Family Reunion necessary.
project was important?
come get give go put think
a He knew it supported the views he expressed in his
previous bestseller. 1 Lori returned the faulty items to the shop and got her
b He thought it was extremely unusual. money back.
c He wanted to know more about his family. 2 I’d appreciate it if you could put the books back in
the correct place when you’ve finished with them.
d He thought it carried a valuable message.
3 Please come back and visit us again soon!
5 What does ‘traced’ mean in line 45?
4 We certainly won’t be going back to that restaurant
a contacted b asked
as the service was awful.
c remembered d found
5 I often think back to my childhood in Africa and to
6 What does the author say is the most important lesson what a beautiful place it was to grow up.
to come out of the Global Family Reunion?
6 Could I borrow your scooter if I promise to give
a a change in attitude to one's family it back undamaged?
b an increased sense of belonging
c a more positive approach to others 6 ON A HIGH NOTE Write a paragraph about an interesting
member of your family.
d the importance of family stories

Vocabulary extension
3 Match the highlighted words and phrases from the text
with the definitions.
1 Related to someone who lived a long time ago.
descended from
2 Relationships between two people, groups or
countries. ties
3 A person’s origins or background. roots
4 Members of your family not closely related to you.
distant relatives
5 Members of a family who lived a long time ago.
ancestors
6 A different word for ‘relatives’. relations

30 UNIT VOCABULARY PRACTICE > page 35 © Pearson Central Europe, 2020 High Note 4 (B2/B2+)
 THE GLOBAL 03
FAMILY REUNION
H ow much do you know about your
great-grandparents? Without them, and all
your other ancestors, you wouldn’t exist, yet sadly
many of us find it difficult to remember their names,
5 never mind the details of their lives. How quickly we
are forgotten! Unless that is, someone in the family
has an interest in genealogy and takes the time and
trouble to research and produce a family tree.

• • •
The easy availability of home DNA testing kits allows After using an online genealogy service to contact 100
10 anyone to find out about their roots. As a result, of his distant relatives, Jacobs expanded his efforts and
genealogy, or the study of families and their history, has 45 traced thousands more relations including a number of
become a big business. The users of such kits, however, celebrities, who agreed to feature in his book holding
often discover surprising facts. For example, they may signs saying, ‘I am a cousin’. Among them were George
find out that they are descended from ancestors of Bush Senior, actors Daniel Radcliffe and Olivia Wilde and
15 entirely different nationalities or races. Even more comedian Ricky Gervais. The project took a year, and as
shockingly, especially for those involved, these tests 50 well as highs such as Sister Sledge agreeing to sing their
have revealed that some parents are not in fact related hit ‘We Are Family’ at the event, there were also setbacks
to their children. This knowledge understandably causes to cope with. Perhaps the worst of these was the news
great distress and throws families into conflict. Such that a French family had managed to bring together
20 cases are thankfully very rare. More importantly, looking 4500 relatives and break the world record that Jacobs
back at our origins has the potential to reveal fascinating 55 was aiming for with his event. Disappointed, but not
facts and teach us a great deal about our preconceptions defeated, he carried on as he felt the message behind
and prejudices. This is one of the reasons why best-selling the project was more important than the record itself.
writer, AJ Jacobs, began an ambitious project to find In the end the Global Family Reunion was a great success
25 and gather together as many of his distant relatives as and Jacobs managed to unite 3700 members of his
possible. He called it the 'Global Family Reunion’. 60 genetic family. Although it didn’t break the record for the
Jacobs is no stranger to unusual projects. While largest family reunion, it did set several other records
researching his previous bestsellers, he attempted to and, perhaps more importantly, taught participants and
read the entire Encyclopaedia Britannica from cover readers of his book some very important lessons. First
30 to cover, and in a different project, to follow every was the increased sense of belonging that comes from
piece of health advice he could find. The idea for the 65 knowing just how many relatives you actually have. Next,
Global Family Reunion event first came to him when the potential which that same knowledge has to cause
he received an email from a stranger who said he was a positive change of attitude towards strangers.
Jacobs’ eighth cousin and had access to a database Realising that everyone you meet could possibly be
35 containing 80,000 people all of whom were related to a genetic relative, makes it much easier to be more
Jacobs. This distant cousin had managed to get nearly 70 compassionate and forgiving to people you don’t know.
3000 relatives together for a ‘reunion’, and Jacobs The event also helped emphasise how important and
thought that he could beat that record and at the same interesting it is to pass down family stories from one
time write about his attempt. He felt that the world was generation to the next. Perhaps the biggest thing to take
40 in need of a story that emphasised the ties between away from Jacobs’ project though is that if we are indeed
people, and crossed the barriers of race and nationality. 75 all one big family, then racism, prejudice and hatred have
And so he set to work. no place in the world, and equality, tolerance and love are
in fact what we owe each other.

© Pearson Central Europe, 2020 High Note 4 (B2/B2+) 31

 3E GRAMMAR
Relative and participle clauses 4 Rewrite each pair of sentences as one sentence
using a relative clause.
1 Choose the correct relative clauses to complete the
1 I was talking about an app. It’s really cool.
sentences. Then choose D for a defining or ND for
a non-defining relative clause. The app (which/that) I was talking about is really cool.
1 Bluetooth, b, is actually a kind of wireless 2 Tom lives round the corner. I play games with him.
connection. D / ND Tom, who I play games with, lives round the corner. /
Tom, with whom I play games, lives round the corner.
2 The headset f is really uncomfortable to 3 These headphones stopped working after two days.
wear. D / ND I paid a fortune for them. These headphones, which
3 Ergonomic keyboards, a, make typing more I paid a fortune for, stopped working after two days.
/ These headphones, for which I paid a fortune,
comfortable. D / ND stopped working after two days.
4 This record player, c, was made in Italy. D / ND 4 I bought my computer at a shop. It has closed down.
5 This is the Walkman e. D / ND The shop where/from which I bought my computer
has closed down. / The shop (that/which) I bought my
6 ‘BCC’ is a function d. D / ND computer from has closed down.
5 I spoke to a technician. She was very helpful.
a which often look rather strange The technician (who/that) I spoke to was very helpful.
b which sounds like a dental problem
c which can play records at three different speeds
5 Rewrite the sentences using participle clauses.
1 What’s the name of that website that sells retro-tech?
d which allows you to copy someone into an email
without the other recipients knowing What's the name of that website selling retro-tech?
e which my mum used to play her cassettes on when 2 The flip phone, which was designed in the 90s, is
she was a teenager rapidly becoming popular again. The flip phone,
designed in the 90s, is rapidly becoming popular again.
f which came with my phone
3 There are very few people who are still using
2 Tick the sentences from Exercise 1 where you can analogue televisions. There are very few people still
using analogue televisions.
replace which with that.
4 Users who are used to the old system may find the
1 2 ✓ 3 4 5 ✓ 6 ✓
new one confusing. Users used to the old system may
find the new one confusing.
3 Complete the text with who, which, that, where
or whose. Find the sentence where you can omit the 5 The classic computer, which was sold on eBay this
pronoun. morning, went for over £20,000. The classic computer,
sold on eBay this morning, went for over £20,000.
The relative pronoun can be omitted in 6.
6
whatphone.com
Rewrite the sentences to make them more
formal. Use the phrases from the box.
from which in which to whom with whom
★★★★★
1 My friend Tom, who I usually go to when I’ve got
I-talk 7 review computer problems, is on holiday.
The I-talk 7, 1which has been completely My friend Tom, to whom I usually go when I've got
redesigned since the I-talk 6, is possibly the computer problems, is on holiday.
best new phone on the market. Produced in 2 The website that I usually buy my games from has
Korea, 2 where I-talk has its headquarters, this is closed down. The website from which I usually buy
a bright new star in a competitive market. For my games has closed down.
those of you 3 whose budget won’t stretch to 3 Sheffield, the town where I was born, is famous for
producing great electronic music.
more expensive brands, we really recommend Sheffield, the town in which I was born, is famous for
the I-talk 7. Virtually all of the quality issues producing great electronic music.
4
which/that affected the company’s earlier 4 The friend that I used to walk to school with now
models have been solved in the I-talk 7. Users takes us in his car. The friend with whom I used to
5
who/that care about the quality of their walk to school now takes us in his car.
photographs will be happy with the new dual 7 ON A HIGH NOTE Write one sentence about each of
lens camera. The only complaint 6 that/which the following topics using defining and non-defining
we can think of is that the range of colours is relative clauses.
limited to blue, black and grey. If that’s not • an important personal possession
a problem, this could be the phone for you. • a person you admire
• a place you enjoy going with friends
• your favourite social media platform
• a friend or relative’s annoying habit

32 © Pearson Central Europe, 2020 High Note 4 (B2/B2+)

3F SPEAKING 03
1 Read the phrases. How do you say them in Polish? 3 Use the prompts to write sentences.
1 most cases / elderly people / not like / fast food
SPEAKING | Generalising In most cases, elderly people don't like fast food.
2 Children / tend / say / what they think
TALKING ABOUT WHAT YOU THINK IS GENERALLY TRUE Children tend to say what they think.
On the whole, I don’t like taking risks. 3 I / overgeneralising / but / I / believe / teenagers / be /
In general, I’m a very calm person. very creative
I may be overgeneralising, but I believe teenagers are
In some/many/most cases, it’s quicker to send an email very creative.
than to talk on the phone. 4 some extent / older people / enjoy / spend / time at
Broadly speaking, Gen Z have an entrepreneurial spirit. home
By and large, young people do more sport than older To some extent, older people enjoy spending time at
home.
people. 5 This / sweeping statement / women / be / usually /
More often than not, young people communicate using more emotional than men
messaging apps. This is a bit of a sweeping statement, but women are
usually more emotional than men.
Nine times out of ten, I agree with her, but this time
6 Nine times / men / not talk / to their friends about /
I think she’s wrong.
their feelings
Ninety percent of the time, I include emojis in my texts. Nine times out of ten, men don’t talk to their friends
To some/a great extent, electronic devices are about their feelings.
a distraction in the classroom. 4 Complete the conversation with the correct words
Older people tend to think/say/believe that teenagers from the Speaking box.
spend too much time in front of a screen. Teacher On the 1whole, do you think life was better for
There’s a tendency for elderly people to be suspicious your parents’ generation, Will?
of the Internet. William No, I don’t. 2 Broadly speaking, I think our
lives are better. I mean – imagine having no
ACKNOWLEDGING THAT YOU ARE GENERALISING
phones or Internet!
This is a bit of a sweeping statement, but younger
Teacher Well, yes. What about you, Amanda?
people often take offence very easily.
Amanda There’s a 3 tendency for young people to
I may be overgeneralising, but I think young people are
think that life must have been worse without
losing the art of conversation.
technology, but my dad is always saying how
You might think this is an overgeneralisation, but old grateful he is to have seen what life was like
people can’t handle technology. back then. To some 4 extent , I think people
were more able to appreciate the simple
2 Replace the underlined parts of the sentences with the pleasures in life.
correct phrases from the Speaking box. Use the words Teacher That’s interesting. And you Kurt?
in bold. Kurt Well, 5 by and large, the world was a greener
1 Broadly speaking, Generation Z lead healthier and less polluted place back then. However,
lifestyles than Generation X did in the past. LARGE I suppose in 6 general , I believe life is better
these days.
By and large
2 Nine times out of ten, a person’s outlook on life 5 ON A HIGH NOTE Write a short paragraph in which you
becomes similar to that of their parents. PERCENT make several generalisations about life in the past in
Ninety percent of the time your country.
3 In most cases, what seems shocking to one
generation, appears normal to the next. OFTEN
More often than not
4 This is a bit of a sweeping statement, but young
people tend not to know much about their
grandparents’ pasts. OVERGENERALISATION
You might think this is an overgeneralisation
5 In general, our generation is no better or worse
behaved than the previous one. WHOLE
On the whole

© Pearson Central Europe, 2020 High Note 4 (B2/B2+) 33

 3G WRITING | An opinion essay

Summarise the topic of the essay 1

It is sometimes held that in our busy and technologically-advanced world
and state your position with teenagers have little to learn from the elderly. However, 2I firmly believe that
regard to the topic. there are many ways teens can benefit from the wisdom and experience of
their grandparents.
Perhaps the most obvious topic which grandparents can tell us about is
Set out your arguments in two or
three paragraphs, including the the past. This is particularly true of our individual family histories. 3In my
two topics given in the task. opinion, hearing our grandparents’ stories of how historical events affected
our own families helps us understand the past in new ways. The fascinating
stories my grandmother tells about what happened to her and her brothers
during the Warsaw Uprising in 1944 4are a great example of this.
Each paragraph should be about Grandparents may not be able to teach us about modern technology, but
one main idea. there are plenty of valuable skills we can learn from them. Growing up,
they may have learned how to sew or knit 5for instance, or perhaps how to
cook, bake, fix a bike or decorate a house. 6Many people today feel that we
For each argument, give further teenagers lack such practical skills, so what could be better than to learn
details, reasons and examples. a new skill set from someone who loves you, has time for you and wants you
to succeed?
In conclusion, 7I would say that there are a great many things that teenagers
Summarise the main points of the
can learn from their grandparents including family history and practical skills.
essay and restate your opinion on 8
My personal conviction is that the best advice comes from people who have
the topic.
experienced more of life and truly care about you.

1 Read the task below. Tick the topics which you could
ACTIVE WRITING | Rozprawka opiniująca
include in your essay.
1 Zaplanuj swoją rozprawkę:
Some people believe that grandparents have
• Przemyśl zagadnienie podane w poleceniu i zdecyduj,
little to teach their teenage grandchildren in
czy zgadzasz się z tezą w nim przedstawioną.
the modern world. Do you agree? Write an
essay giving your opinion of this topic, taking • Przygotuj argumenty popierające twoją opinię.
into account family history and practical skills. 2 Napisz swoją rozprawkę:
• Upewnij się, że twój wstęp zawiera jasno
1 communication skills sformułowaną tezę oraz twoją opinię.
2 events from your grandparents’ past • Pamiętaj, aby rozwinięcie i zakończenie były spójne
z tezą przedstawioną we wstępie.
3 non-digital games and activities
• Rozwiń obie części polecenia. Poprzyj swoje
4 historical figures from your country’s past
argumenty przykładami z własnego doświadczenia.
5 baking or car mechanics • W zakończeniu podsumuj argumenty, nawiązując do
tezy ze wstępu.
2 Now read the essay. Which topics from Exercise 1 did
the author include in their text? Topics 2, 3 and 5 • Wykorzystaj zwroty i wskazówki z tabeli Writing
(Student’s Book, str. 43).
3 Read the underlined phrases in the essay. Which are • Pamiętaj o stylu formalnym oraz o wykorzystaniu
used for personal opinions (P), which for impersonal różnorodnych zwrotów wyrażających twoją opinię.
views (I) and which for supporting examples (E)? • Podziel swój tekst na akapity i pamiętaj o właściwych
1 P/I/E 5 P/I/E proporcjach wstępu, rozwinięcia i zakończenia.
2 P/I/E 6 P/I/E 3 Sprawdź, czy twój tekst:
3 P/I/E 7 P/I/E • omawia podane zagadnienie w przejrzysty sposób,
4 P/I/E 8 P/I/E • jest uporządkowany, spójny i logiczny,
• jest poprawny pod względem gramatycznym,
4 WRITING TASK Wiele osób uważa, że rodzice leksykalnym i ortograficznym,
wywierają zbyt dużą presję na swoje dzieci, oczekując • zawiera różnorodne struktury gramatyczne oraz bogate
od nich osiągania samych sukcesów (np. w szkole słownictwo charakterystyczne dla danego tematu,
i w sporcie). Napisz rozprawkę, w której przedstawisz
• mieści się w limicie 200–250 słów.
swoją opinię na ten temat, rozważając go z punktu
widzenia dzieci i ich rodziców.

34 © Pearson Central Europe, 2020 High Note 4 (B2/B2+)

UNIT VOCABULARY PRACTICE 03
1 3A GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY Match phrases 1–8 4 3C VOCABULARY Choose the correct words to complete
with situations a–h. the sentences.
1 e be the peacemaker 1 You’re so hypocritical / idealistic – you say one thing
2 a empathise with somebody and then do exactly the opposite.
3 c give somebody a compliment 2 Greg may look tough / defensive, but he’s actually as
soft as a kitten.
4 f make fun of somebody/something
3 He’s too modest / dedicated to tell you about his
5 g make up with somebody
academic and career success.
6 d show off
4 My uncle is a very inspirational / capable plumber – he
7 b talk behind somebody’s back made a fantastic job of our bathroom.
8 h tell somebody off 5 She is definitely not trustworthy / passionate enough
to be given a key to our home.
a Poor you! I know exactly how you feel.
6 Rudi is a pushy / compassionate person who always
b Have you heard the gossip about Karen?
tries to understand others’ feelings.
c You look very intelligent in those glasses.
7 I admit that I’m immature / decent sometimes, but we
d Of course I got top marks in all my exams as usual. all need to have fun now and again.
e OK! Calm down you two – there’s no need to shout at 8 I’m sorry, but I don’t think you mean what you say.
each other. I just don’t believe that you’re charming / sincere .
f Ha ha! You dropped your ice cream!
g Let’s forget about it, OK? I love you and I’m sorry. 5 3D READING AND VOCABULARY Complete the lyrics
for a rap song with the words and phrases from the box.
h Why is your room such a mess? I’ve told you before to
keep it tidy! beg day home malnourished meet skinny
to-mouth together
2 3A GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY Complete the email
with one preposition in each gap.
BEATS FROM THE STREETS
Dear Agony Aunt, On the streets. On the streets.
I badly need your advice. I can’t put up with my
1 These are the real beats from the streets.
younger sister’s childish behaviour anymore. She It’s not posh down south when you’re living hand - 1to-mouth.
keeps on blowing things 2 out of proportion and Hunger never goes away when you’re living 2 day -to-day.
having a go 3 at me just because I want to hang out You get your breakfast from the trash, then 3 beg for some cash.
with my friends without her. Sometimes, I think she Always 4 skinny and thin when your meals come from the bin.
tries to wind me 4 up on purpose just before I go out.
She either messes 5 about or loses her temper over On the streets. On the streets.
These are the real beats from the streets.
unimportant things. Then, she often bursts 6 into tears
and I don’t know how to help her. Telling the truth, Never make ends 5 meet when you’re living on the streets.
I don’t enjoy it when we fall 7 out . Please, help me 6
Malnourished and cold; only young, but feeling old.
Agony Aunt. Some gather 7 together to shelter from the weather.
Regards, Others stay alone, but no one ever feels at 8 home .
Jane On the streets. On the streets.
These are the real beats from the streets.

3 3B LISTENING AND VOCABULARY Complete the questions

sent to a problem page with one word in each gap.
6 ON A HIGH NOTE Write a brief description of what
makes a good friend. Mention the kind of behaviour
SEND YOUR PERSONAL and character traits you would not want in a friend.

PROBLEMS TO OUR WEBPAGE AND

GET PRACTICAL ADVICE FROM OTHER USERS.
• How can we prepare our dog for the arrival • I’ve had a 4misunderstanding with my best friend about
of a 1new-born baby into the family? money. Now she won’t speak to me. What can I do?
• I’ve 2flunked/failed four out of my six exams and my • How can I avoid a 5clash between me and my parents
parents are furious. What should I do? over what time I should come home at the weekends?
• I’m thinking about 3splitting up with my fiancé. • My parents are 6relocating to the USA, but I was hoping
Is it OK to do it by text message? to go to university here. Should I go with them?

© Pearson Central Europe, 2020 High Note 4 (B2/B2+) 35

 Unit self-check

GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY 4 Complete the sentences with where, which, whom, or Ø
(no pronoun). Add commas where necessary.
1 Complete the text with one preposition in each gap.
1 Who was that woman Ø taking photographs at the

EASYTV.CO Jenny123
party?
2 I waited in a long queue , which was boring.
3 Passengers Ø sitting in window seats have the best
My favourite character on TV is Meredith from
views.
Good times, Bad times. I’d love to have a friend like
4 The receptionist with whom I spoke was very helpful.
her. She would never talk 1behind someone’s back
and isn’t the type to let anyone 2 down , or show 5 Warsaw , where I grew up , is the largest city in
3
off about her skills and achievements. She always Poland.
empathises 4 with the other characters, even if they 6 The boy to whom I was talking yesterday was my
sometimes make fun 5 of her. I think Meredith is cousin.
a really good role model that everybody should look /5
6
up to.

/5 USE OF ENGLISH
2 Choose the correct words to complete the sentences. 5 Choose the correct words a–d to complete the text.

1 Harry can’t stand being wrong and gets very conceited / I just got your text about Sparky. If I were you,
defensive if you say anything critical of him. I wouldn’t make 1    of him when he behaves
2 Jeremy handled / flunked his French exam three times badly. My previous dog 2    forever messing
in a row. about. He 3    wind us up when digging in our
3 It was very decent / hypocritical of you to help me with garden; he was so dedicated to this activity
my homework when you were so busy. that my mum used to constantly lose her 4   .
4 I said I was just looking, but the sales assistant kept Eventually, we sought help of a dog trainer. If
trying to sell me things in a very dedicated / pushy way. you’d like to 5    in our footsteps, I can give
5 Cerys had a big clash / misunderstanding with her you her number.
sister and now they’re not speaking to each other.
1 a fun b up c a fuss d ends
/5
2 a will be b was c has been d were
3 Complete the sentences with the forms from the box. 3 a would b used c was d is
didn’t use to like it is forever asking used to order 4 a anger b temper c mess d behaviour
will leave will play the drums would always remember 5 a go b look c follow d find
/5
1 Our teacher is forever asking us difficult questions
about English grammar! 6 Complete the second sentence using the word in
2 Wendy isn’t trustworthy – she will leave the doors bold so that it has a similar meaning to the first one.
unlocked and forget to feed the dog. Use between two and five words, including the word
3 Before we started working on our fitness, we in bold.
used to order pizza every night. 1 I admired my older brother when we were kids. LOOK
4 The neighbours didn’t use to like it when we played I used to look up to my older brother when we were
our music loud. kids.
5 I used to rely on my sister because she would always 2 The hairdresser Agata usually goes to is on holiday this
remember everyone’s birthdays. week. WHOM
6 The most annoying thing my sister does is that she The hairdresser to whom Agata usually goes is on
will play the drums on Sunday mornings. holiday this week.
/5 3 My dog will usually bark at strangers. TENDS
My dog tends to bark at strangers.
4 Laura bites her nails all the time. CONSTANTLY
Laura is constantly biting her nails.
5 Hypocritical people are not trustworthy. TRUST
You can't trust people who are hypocritical.
6 I can't tolerate Mark's rude behaviour. PUT
I can't put up with Mark's rude behaviour.
/5
/ 30

36 © Pearson Central Europe, 2020 High Note 4 (B2/B2+)

Matura self-check 03
1 Przetłumacz na język angielski fragmenty podane 3 Uzupełnij luki (1–4), przekształcając jeden
w nawiasach, tak aby otrzymać zdania logiczne z wyrazów z ramki w taki sposób, aby powstał spójny
i gramatycznie poprawne. Wymagana jest pełna i logiczny tekst. Wymagana jest pełna poprawność
poprawność ortograficzna wpisywanych fragmentów gramatyczna i ortograficzna wpisywanych wyrazów.
zdań. W każdą lukę możesz wpisać maksymalnie sześć Dwa wyrazy zostały podane dodatkowo i nie pasują
wyrazów. do żadnej luki.
1 My younger sister has a habit of bursting into tears find trace intelligent broad research sweep
to draw attention to herself (zwrócić na siebie uwagę).
2 Mike used to make fun of (miał w zwyczaju
naśmiewać się z) his younger sister. The truth about only children
3 My parents always tell me not to put off (abym nie Only children are often accused of being spoiled and
odkładał na później) my homework. selfish. However, research shows that such beliefs are
4 Since Monica split up with her boyfriend, she has
a(n) 1 sweeping generalisation because only children
been talking about him (mówi o nim) behind his back.
are no more selfish or spoiled than anyone else. Much
5 It had taken / took me ages to (Zabrało mi wieki, aby)
learn how to edit documents before I began writing of the only-child myth debunking has been done by
for the school website. Toni Falbo, a professor at the University of Texas, who
2
6 I hung up the phone (rozłączyłem się) as soon as has been researching only children since the 1970s. In
I realised that I had called the wrong number. one of his studies he found that only children actually
7 She’s managed to find a work-life balance (znaleźć did better at school than children from large families.
równowagę pomiędzy pracą a życiem prywatnym). According to recent 3 findings , there are plenty of
8 It is commonly/generally/widely thought/believed benefits of growing up solo. Scientists carried out
(Powszechnie uważa się) that teenagers spend too a study of approximately 250 students. Half of them
much time online. were only children. They scanned the brains of the
9 Why are you staring at (Dlaczego gapisz się na) that students while they were being tested on their
man? It’s rude! creativity, 4 intelligence and personality. The only
10 I was looking out of the window, lost in the thought
children’s test results indicated higher levels of creative
(pogrążony w myślach) that I’d rather be somewhere else.
thinking and flexibility - probably due to their having
11 You are bound/sure/certain to pick up (z pewnością
to rely on themselves and becoming more resourceful
podłapiesz) the language during your summer English
course. at an early age.
12 The time spent with family (Czas spędzony z rodziną)
is what I like most about Christmas. 4 Uzupełnij zdania, wykorzystując podane wyrazy
13 I know the man for whom (mężczyznę, dla którego) w odpowiedniej formie. Nie należy zmieniać kolejności
you have organised the fundraising event. podanych wyrazów. Trzeba natomiast – jeżeli jest to
14 Any student having a hard time (przeżywający trudne konieczne – dodać inne wyrazy, aby otrzymać logiczne
chwile) should contact the school psychologist. i poprawne gramatycznie zdania. W każdą lukę
15 Mark is the only person who/that appears/seems not możesz wpisać maksymalnie sześć wyrazów.
to get / doesn’t appear/seem to get (który wydaje się
1 When she was younger, Emma used to make a fuss
nie rozumieć) the joke.
(use / make / fuss) of herself.
2 Uzupełnij każdą lukę jednym wyrazem, 2 This is a hard decision but I’m sure it will turn out to be
przekształcając wyrazy podane w nawiasach, tak aby right in the long run (long / run).
otrzymać logiczny i gramatycznie poprawny tekst. 3 I didn’t know Pam and David are no longer a couple.
When did they split up (they / split)?
Elon Musk’s secret to success 4 He is always putting things off (always / put / things)
till later. It’s really annoying!
As the co-founder of PayPal, Tesla and SpaceX, Elon
Musk is at the cutting edge of the technology of the 5 My parents thought that my friends had a bad
future. Among others, he has ambitions to establish
influence on (have / bad / influence) me.
a colony on Mars to reduce the risk of human 1 extinction 6 The economic crisis we experienced last year
(EXTINCT) and fight global warming. He began his prevented the government from investing (prevent /
2
entrepreneurial (ENTREPRENEUR) career in 1995 government / invest) in local amenities.
and became a multimillionaire in his late 20s, when he 7 I don’t think she will follow in her father’s footsteps
sold the start-up company he had run with his brother for (follow / she / father / footstep) in the future. She’s not
307 million dollars. It’s no wonder that lots of young into science.
businessmen find his story 3 inspirational/inspiring 8 Feeling bored (feel / bored), I quietly left the meeting.
(INSPIRE). Now, with plenty of Tesla shares and a lot of 9 Having lost ten kilos (lose / ten / kilo), Leticia could
money in his pocket, Elon Musk is 4 undoubtedly comfortably wear her favourite dress.
(DOUBT) among the most powerful people in the world.
10 Some social programmes are not available for the
However, while PayPal and Tesla have been
elderly (available / elderly).
remarkable 5 achievements (ACHIEVE), not all SpaceX
11 Since he had so many tasks to complete, mistakes
activities have been fully successful. It’s never stopped
were bound to happen (bound / happen).
Musk, though, and SpaceX became the first private
company to send a spacecraft into space. 12 Jack (had) made a fortune (make / fortune) before he
was twenty.
© Pearson Central Europe, 2020 High Note 4 (B2/B2+) 37
 04 Inside story

4A GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY

Narrative tenses; Past Perfect Simple and 3 Complete the text with the forms from the box.
Continuous
had been investigating had been working had fallen
1 Put the sentences in order to make a story. Then had just finished had never seen
match the sentences with their functions a–f. had never witnessed had they seen
a 4 I stopped my car, got out and stood in the road to
see what it was. Professor Lindeman was exhausted. He 1had been
working late all week long on his paper regarding
b 1 At midnight last night, I was driving back to my the possibilities of alien life existing in our universe.
home in the country. He 2 had just finished for the night when he noticed
c 2 I felt tired because I had been driving all day. a strange light outside the window. He 3 had never
d 6 By the time I got to the field, the object had witnessed/had never seen anything like it. For many
disappeared. years, he 4 had been investigating UFO sightings and
e 3 Suddenly, I saw an object in the sky. other bizarre events, but he 5 had never witnessed/
had never seen one himself. Was this it? He rose and
f 5 While I was watching the object, it fell into a field. moved towards the window. 6 Had they seen his
research and come to abduct him? As he reached the
Past Simple
window, he felt something touch his shoulder. He
e an action that started and finished in the past jumped and suddenly he was back in his chair. His wife
a actions which follow each other in a story was shaking his shoulder. He 7 had fallen asleep at his
desk again.
Past Continuous
b an action in progress at a specific point in the past 4 Complete the sentences with the correct Past
f an interrupted past action Perfect Simple or Past Perfect Continuous forms of the
verbs in bold.
Past Perfect Simple
1 PLAY
d an action which took place before another past action a Clara’s music player had been playing for nineteen
Past Perfect Continuous hours when the battery ran out.
c a situation or an action which continued up to b Clara’s music player had played nearly two
a certain time in the past hundred songs when the battery ran out.
2 ELIMINATE
2 Read the situations and use the prompts to write a Inspector Fielding had eliminated all the other
sentences in the Past Perfect Continuous. suspects when he arrested Stokes.
1 Anne got into trouble at school for using her phone. b Inspector Fielding had been eliminating suspects at
an impressive rate.
She / text / during lessons
3 EXPOSE
She'd been texting during lessons.
a The journalist had exposed four corrupt MPs in the
2 Gavin had ink all round his mouth.
previous three months.
He / chew / his pen / during the exam
b The journalist had been exposing corrupt MPs for
He had/’d been chewing his pen during the exam. his entire twenty-year career.
3 The central square was underwater. 4 EAT
It / rain / for five days a The prince had been eating breakfast when he
It had/’d been raining for five days. collapsed.
4 The gang was convicted of fraud. b The prince had eaten something poisonous during
breakfast.
They / print / fake money
5 DROP
They had/’d been printing fake money.
a Viola had dropped several hints regarding what
5 The president was assassinated while giving a speech.
she wanted for her birthday.
He / speak / at a political protest meeting
b Viola had been dropping hints all week regarding
He had/’d been speaking at a political protest meeting. what she wanted for her birthday.

38 © Pearson Central Europe, 2020 High Note 4 (B2/B2+)

 04
7 Complete the story with the correct forms of the
verbs from the box.
come disappear do kidnap leave organise play
switch wait work

The mystery of
Lionel the
caretaker

5 Tick the correct sentences. Then rewrite the

remaining sentences to make them correct. I was reading a newspaper the other day when I 1came
1 ✓ Until that night, Mark had never believed in UFOs. across a fascinating story. It was about a school
caretaker who 2 disappeared in mysterious
circumstances. Lionel Brigg 3 had been working at
2 By the time we opened the door, the noises the school for exactly twenty-five years on the day
already stopped. he vanished. He was a friendly, polite man who was
By the time we opened the door, the noises had
popular with everyone and who always 4 did his job
already stopped.
well. The staff and students 5 had organised
3 ✓ The other day, I was talking to a man who said he
a surprise party to celebrate Lionel’s twenty-five
had seen Elvis in a café in Prague.
years at the school. Everyone 6 was waiting for him in
the assembly hall when the head teacher stood up,
4 Suddenly, I was hearing a noise, so I was going 7
switched on the microphone and announced that
upstairs and opening the door to the attic. Lionel couldn’t be found anywhere. The party was
Suddenly, I heard a noise, so I went upstairs and cancelled. While everyone 8 was leaving the school,
opened the door to the attic.
the rumours began. Some said he had been killed.
5 ✓ The hikers had been walking in the mountains for Others claimed he 9 had been playing the lottery for
six hours when they saw something strange. years and he’d finally won a fortune and gone to the
Caribbean. Someone even said aliens 10 had kidnapped
6 While he was performing, the magician had him in a spaceship. Whatever the truth was,
accidentally revealed the secret behind his famous Lionel was never seen again.
trick.
While he was performing, the magician accidentally
revealed the secret behind his famous trick. 8 Use the prompts to write questions about the
7 While I rowed a boat across Loch Ness, a large story in Exercise 7. Use the Past Perfect Simple or Past
creature suddenly appeared in the water next to me! Perfect Continuous.
While I was rowing a boat across Loch Ness, a large 1 How long / Lionel / work / at the school / when /
creature suddenly appeared in the water next to me! disappear?
6 Complete the sentences with the correct forms of How long had Lionel been working at the school when
he disappeared?
the verbs in brackets.
2 How / the staff and students / plan / to celebrate?
1 When Kiara arrived at the party, the boys had already
How had the staff and students been planning to
eaten (already/eat) the food. celebrate?
2 There was a strange smell because someone 3 What / happen / Lionel?
had been cooking/was cooking (cook) fish. What had happened to Lionel?
3 Loud music was playing (play) and the guests were 4 play / the lottery / for years?
dancing or chatting to each other. Had he been playing the lottery for years?
4 Ryan had been waiting (wait) all week for the chance 5 aliens / take him away / spaceship?
to ask Charlotte to dance. Had aliens taken him away in a spaceship?
5 While they were dancing (dance), there was
a power cut and the music stopped. 9 ON A HIGH NOTE Write a paragraph to complete the
6 They lit some candles and then everyone story in Exercise 7 explaining what happened to
sat (sit) in a circle and told scary stories. Lionel. Use at least two examples of the Past Perfect
Simple and Past Perfect Continuous.

© Pearson Central Europe, 2020 High Note 4 (B2/B2+) UNIT VOCABULARY PRACTICE > page 47 39
 4B VOCABULARY | News reporting
1 Match the two parts of the sentences. 3 Choose the correct adjectives to complete the
1 c I never click on clickbait extract from a radio show.
2 h The band’s amazing video had gone
3 d Their app is great, but it will never generate
4 a Scientists have suggested that humans have shorter AND IN TODAY’S PAPERS …
5 j A new experiment could finally shed The Courier leads with a 1balanced /
6 g A Singaporean couple have hit hard-hitting article accusing the prime
minister of lying to parliament and the
7 b A judge has ruled it is not in the
country. Supposedly 2 off the record /
8 e As a serious newspaper we always attempt to present quirky comments from the deputy
9 i I rarely trust a sensational report unless I can verify its have made things very difficult for the
10 f The murdered journalist had tried to expose PM this week and clearly The Courier
doesn’t want to let the story go. The
a attention spans than goldfish. Gazette has a 3heartwarming /
b public interest to reveal the details of the recent murders. heartbreaking report on the thousands
c headlines, though sometimes I’m tempted. of victims of Hurricane Ivona and The
d enough revenue to keep their business alive. Record leads with the same. The
e both sides of a story and give the full picture. Record also has 4a topical /
f corruption in the national government.
an exclusive interview with United
manager, Cyriac Jones, about his
g the headlines after giving birth to quintuplets.
decision to leave the club after
h viral before the song had even become a hit. twenty-two years. And in The Star it’s
i sources multiple times on the Internet. the usual 5 sensational / viral celebrity
j light on the mysteries of dark matter. nonsense. Jenny, back to you …

2 Complete the crossword. What's the mystery word?

1 4 Complete the text with the words from the box.

E X C L U S I V E
2 awareness balanced corruption light newsworthy
H E A R T B R E A K I N G public revenue sensational sides verify
3
B A L A N C E D

S THE DAILY TARGET:

4
H E A R T W A R M I N G OUR CORE VALUES
5
We believe it is the media’s role to act in the
H A R D – H I T T I N G
6
1
public interest and to report a range of
Q U I R K Y 2
newsworthy stories and relevant opinions
7 which inform readers and allow them to make
N E W S W O R T H Y up their own minds about current events. The
N
Daily Target will never produce 3 sensational ,
one-sided stories, but instead will seek to
A raise 4 awareness of important issues and only
8 report information from sources we have been
T O P I C A L able to 5 verify . We believe in 6 balanced news
articles that present all 7 sides of a story. In our
1 A story published only in one paper/magazine. political reporting, we aim to shed 8 light on
2 Extremely sad. the way in which our country is run and to
3 Considering all sides equally. expose 9 corruption wherever we find it. We
4 Causing feelings of happiness. generate 10 revenue through advertising, but
also through the kind contributions of our
5 Including strong criticism.
readers. Click here to find out more.
6 Unusual in an interesting way.
7 Important enough to be reported in the media.
8 Relating to events happening now. 5 ON A HIGH NOTE Write a paragraph saying whether you
The mystery word is ‘sensational’ . agree or disagree with the following statement, and
why.
Most young people are not interested in world news.

40 UNIT VOCABULARY PRACTICE > page 47 © Pearson Central Europe, 2020 High Note 4 (B2/B2+)
4C GRAMMAR 04
Negative inversion 3 Rewrite the sentences to make them correct.
1 Choose the correct forms to complete the sentences. 1 No sooner Nick arrives at work than people start
knocking on his office door.
1 At no time is / it is the use of such language
acceptable. No sooner does Nick arrive at work than people start
2 Not only did I feel / felt I relaxed, but also happy and knocking on his office door.
safe. 2 At no circumstances are students allowed to take
3 Under no circumstances I will ever / will I ever do that exam papers out of the room.
again. Under no circumstances are students allowed to take
exam papers out of the room.
4 Seldom I had seen / had I seen such a lucky escape.
3 In no way this article represents my views.
5 Little did they know / they did know that I had more
In no way does this article represent my views.
money in my back pocket.
4 Scarcely the film had started when members of the
6 Scarcely the tickets had gone / had the tickets gone on
audience began to walk out of the cinema.
sale when they were sold out.
Scarcely had the film started when members of the
7 Hardly we had begun / had we begun when things audience began to walk out of the cinema.
started to go wrong.
5 Seldom had Ahmed left the car showroom when his
8 No sooner had they introduced / they introduced us new car began to make a strange noise.
than we began to discover similarities between us. Scarcely/Hardly had Ahmed left the car showroom
when his new car began to make a strange noise.
2 USE OF ENGLISH Choose the correct words a–c to
6 Not only were you late, but were you also
complete the text.
inappropriately dressed. Not only were you late, but
1 a he arrived b did he arrive c had he arrived you were also inappropriately dressed.
2 a would he b he would c were he
3 a Little they did know
4 Complete the sentences with the words in
brackets and an appropriate auxiliary verb.
b Little did they know
c Little they were known 1 Barely had we arrived (we/arrived/barely) when
dinner was served.
4 a they'd begun b had they begun c they began
2 No sooner had they left (left/no/they/sooner) the
5 a Not only my father is hostel than it started to rain.
b My father is not only
c Not only is my father 3 Not only was it (only/it/not) the worst holiday we’d
ever had, but also the most expensive!
4 In no way am I saying (in/way/saying/I/no) it is your
fault, but we do need to find a solution.
5 Rarely have I felt (rarely/felt/I) so unwelcome at
someone’s house.
6 Little did Jordan imagine (imagine/Jordan/little)
[HN WB4 Photo4C.1: photo of a railway that Karen was actually working for the police.
sign from Thailand (this particular one
7 Seldom do we see (we/seldom/see) such an
if possible), see eg below]
emotional reaction from a politician.
8 Never has there been (been/there/never) such
a need for a superhero-like figure to save the day.

5 ON A HIGH NOTE Write a short news report about

a lucky escape. Use at least three negative inversions.

A LUCKY According to the clerk, under no circumstances

2
and his travelling companions be able to

ESCAPE
travel to Bangkok that day as planned, as the next
available seats were not until the following day.
3
how lucky they were.
Disappointed, the group left the station, went for
some food and then later found a cheap hotel for
While travelling in Thailand in 2001, my dad and the night. Once in their hotel room, they switched
his friends had a very lucky escape. He was at on the TV news, and hardly 4 to watch when they
a railway station in the south of the country hoping realised what a lucky escape they had had. That
to catch a train to the capital, Bangkok. He joined afternoon, there had been a bomb in the station at
the queue for tickets, but no sooner 1 at the ticket exactly the time they would have been waiting for
window than he was told that the train was full. the afternoon train. Several people were killed and
dozens injured. 5 lucky to be alive, but, as
I wouldn’t be here without him, so am I.
© Pearson Central Europe, 2020 High Note 4 (B2/B2+) 41
 4D READING AND VOCABULARY
1 Read two short web posts about the popularity of 5 Complete the text with the words from Exercise 4.
radio. Match photos A–D with the texts in which they
are mentioned. My dad is in his late forties and still into the 1old-school
'Against' post: A, D dance music he listened to when he was a teenager.
Although cassette players are basically obsolete these
'For' post: B, C
days, he’s still got one and he uses it to play old tapes
2 Read the web posts quickly and answer the questions. from the clubs he went to in the 90s. He gets a bit
1 What, according to Olivia, is the main reason why
2
overenthusiastic to be honest – dancing around the
young people seldom listen to the radio? living room and going on about how 3 tremendous
The popularity of streaming services. the 90s were. Although it’s a bit annoying, it’s also
2 What three advantages to listening to the radio does kind of funny and some of the music is actually pretty
Xander mention? good. Sometimes, when we have a party, we play his
It’s not always convenient to choose what music to songs as 4 background music and most people say
listen to. It can introduce you to new music. It includes they like them. But there are some songs that are
a wide range of programmes, not just music. so repetitive and badly produced that I find them
3 Read the web posts again. Match sentences completely 5 mind-numbing !
A–H with gaps 1–6 in the texts. There are two extra
sentences.
A If you do this, you never have to listen to music you ACTIVE VOCABULARY
don’t like. Adverb–adjective collocations
B After being plunged into silence, I realised that as Many common collocations are formed using an adverb
usual, I’d been half-listening to the radio for the last followed by an adjective (e.g. quietly confident, deeply
eight hours. moving).
C According to research, eighty-nine percent of the UK
population over the age of fifteen listened to the radio 6 Complete the collocations with the correct adverbs
every week in 2018. from the box. Use a collocations dictionary to help you
D That of course requires a reliable Internet connection if necessary.
and decent battery life.
actively bitterly deeply highly perfectly readily
E They reveal that we are abandoning radio in huge
numbers. 1 The results of the last election have left the country
F This is especially true when we are busy studying, deeply divided.
exercising, cooking or whatever else we do with music 2 I was bitterly disappointed not to get an offer to
in the background. study at Edinburgh University.
G Unfortunately, such services are still too expensive for 3 Printed information is readily available for anybody
many young people to afford. who doesn’t have access to the website.
H When I asked my friends about their listening habits 4 It’s perfectly normal to feel nervous before a public
the following weekend, they all confirmed the same performance.
thing.
5 This weekly radio show is highly recommended for
fans of movie soundtracks.
Vocabulary extension
6 I’m actively involved in the student council at our
4 Complete the sentences with the highlighted words from school.
the text. Use the information in brackets to help you.
1 A(n) overenthusiastic (too excited) DJ described the
7 ON A HIGH NOTE Write a short paragraph describing
your listening habits.
young band as ‘the next Beatles’.
2 Cleaning is so mind-numbing (boring) that without
the radio to listen to, I’d never get round to it.
3 My parents listen to old-school (old-
fashioned) rock and roll from the 60s. B
4 While streaming services bring
tremendous (excellent) choice
to customers, they do not always
benefit artists.
5 In the video, I’d also like to include
some background (played while
some other activity is going on)
music.

42 UNIT VOCABULARY PRACTICE > page 47 © Pearson Central Europe, 2020 High Note 4 (B2/B2+)
 04
forandagainst.net

AT FORANDAGAINST.NET
A

EVERY STORY HAS TWO SIDES

Against: by Olivia, 19 yrs
• • •
The last time I visited my grandfather, he was singing
along to the old-school radio he still has in the corner
of his kitchen. It struck me that I hadn’t intentionally
sat down and listened to the radio for as long as I could For: by Xander, 17 yrs
remember. 1 H None of us ever listens to the radio, unless
we happen to hear it at our grandparents’ or when passing
• • •
a building site! Just a few minutes ago, the digital receiver in the living
room switched itself off automatically. 4 B This happens
As a source of music and information, it seems that radio a lot in our house. My dad switches the news on first
is out of date in the eyes (or more appropriately, the ears) thing in the morning and the station ends up playing all
of the digital generation. Statistics support this anecdotal day long. To be honest, I enjoy the background noise and
evidence. 2 E Major radio stations in the UK seem to music: home wouldn’t be home without it.
be satisfied with keeping their older audience happy.
Conversely, streaming services such as Spotify and Tidal now Radio has been around forever and despite recent claims
account for over fifty percent of millennials’ daily listening. in printed media that it is dying, there is evidence to
It should come as no surprise that those aged fifteen to suggest it is very much alive. 5 C The medium is also
nineteen do nearly half their listening on smartphones. moving with the times and over half of all UK listeners
Never has it been easier to choose your own music, or to take now tune in digitally, whether at home, in the car or on the
it with you wherever you go. In fact, I have to wonder why move. You can even ‘watch’ your favourite radio shows via
anyone would want to listen to someone else’s selection live feeds online.
when it’s so easy to create your own playlists. 3 A Plus, if Sure, there are streaming services and with them access
you pay for your streaming service, you also eliminate the to more music than you could possibly listen to in
annoying adverts that invade your headspace constantly on a lifetime. While I don’t claim to speak for all young people,
many commercial stations. I’m quietly confident that most of us don’t want to have to
If I’m relaxing, I usually choose to watch rather than listen. choose our own music all the time. 6 F In fact, radio is
This means I go to YouTube or similar, and never the radio. a tremendous way to discover new songs, artists and even
If I’m working, the last thing I want is an overenthusiastic styles of music that you might never think to search for
DJ talking nonsense, followed by a song I don’t like, and yourself. Let’s not forget that radio is also much more than
then another three minutes of mind-numbing adverts. No, just music. There’s news, sports, discussion, interviews,
I’m afraid I can only conclude that radio is practically dead factual shows and a whole lot more besides. Radio is here
and gone. The fact that anyone under the age of forty to stay so turn on, tune in, and listen up!
would tune in at all is a total enigma to me.

© Pearson Central Europe, 2020 High Note 4 (B2/B2+) 43

 4E LISTENING AND VOCABULARY
1 16 Listen to a radio phone-in programme about 5 ON A HIGH NOTE Write a short paragraph about a time
people who experienced fifteen minutes of fame. Match when you or someone you know experienced fifteen
speakers 1–4 with sentences a–e. There is one extra minutes of fame. Students’ own answers
sentence.
1 b Kathy
Pronunciation
2 e Gary 6 17 Read some sentences from the radio phone-in
3 a Sarah programme in Exercise 1. Find the stressed syllables in
the underlined words. What happens to the unstressed
4 d Naveen
syllables? Listen and check.
This speaker 1 I’d spent a long time researching journalism, privacy,
a thinks that new technology makes it easier to do what and the law in connection with the infamous accident
he/she did. that killed Princess Diana.
b finds it difficult to listen to a recording of the event. 2 There was a small cash prize and my work was printed
c earned a large amount of money afterwards. in a prestigious academic journal.
d was treated like a hero. 3 It was a real honour, and the photo appeared in
several national magazines and newspapers.
e had an easier school life as a result.
4 Not only were we on the local TV news, but we also
2 16 Answer the questions using the information got our picture in the newspaper.
from the recording. Then listen again and check.
1 What was Kathy's project about? ACTIVE PRONUNCIATION
It was about the accident that killed Princess Diana. /ə/ sound in adjectives
2 What did Gary do in the fashion show? The sound /ə/ is the most common vowel sound in
He was filmed on the catwalk wearing a wild outfit English. It is found in unstressed syllables and it can
designed by other school kids. be spelt with any vowel letter. It appears in many
3 What did Sarah need to do to take the winning photo? words, including the suffixes which we use to create
She had to go out in the cold every day for a week. adjectives:
4 What happened when Naveen was playing football? • -ous /əs/ (e.g. dangerous)
He heard a lady yelling that there was a fire. • -al /əl/ (e.g. intentional)
• -able/ible /əbl/ (e.g. comfortable)
Vocabulary extension • -ful /fəl/ (e.g. painful)
• -less /ləs/ (e.g. restless)
3 Match the words and phrases from the box, which you
heard in the recording in Exercise 1, with the definitions.
7 18 Listen and find the unstressed syllable with the
an honour in the spotlight infamous prestigious sound /ə/ in each adjective. Then practise saying the
stardom world-renowned words.
1 Well-known for a negative reason. infamous 1 edible 4 useless
2 A rare opportunity that makes you feel proud. 2 beautiful 5 famous
an honour 3 global
3 Very much respected and admired. prestigious
8 Find the unstressed syllable with the sound /ə/ in the
4 Famous and well-known globally. world-renowned underlined words. Then practise saying the sentences.
5 A synonym of the word ‘fame’. stardom 1 The governor’s excuses are laughable.
6 Having the attention of the media. in the spotlight 2 Journalists must be careful to get their facts right.
4 Complete the sentences with the words and phrases 3 Colin wandered aimlessly around the village.
from Exercise 3. 4 The man was furious when his name was revealed in
1 Many people dream of being famous, but the realities the newspaper.
of stardom are not always positive. 5 The subject of the documentary is really topical.
2 Cyclist, Norman Cooper, is in the spotlight this week
after setting a new world record in Paris.
3 The prime minister attended one of the most
prestigious schools in the UK.
4 Infamous murderer, Bruce Wilson, was finally caught
by Spanish police last week.
5 Quality Swiss watches are world-renowned and can
cost tens of thousands of euros.
6 An invitation to meet the princess is considered
an honour and is rarely refused.

44 UNIT VOCABULARY PRACTICE > page 47 © Pearson Central Europe, 2020 High Note 4 (B2/B2+)
4F SPEAKING 04
1 Read the phrases. How do you say them in Polish? 2 Put the words in order to make sentences from
anecdotes.
SPEAKING | Telling an anecdote 1 what / to us / couldn’t / I / believe / was happening
I couldn't believe what was happening to us.
SAYING THAT AN ANECDOTE IS ABOUT TO START 2 I / have / I / told you / about the time / a fairy / saw /
You’ll never believe what happened to me the other ever / ?
day. Have I ever told you about the time I saw a fairy?
That reminds me of the pop star I met in my local 3 to cut / anyway / it was / short / a total disaster /
supermarket. a long story
That reminds me of a time when I met a pop star in my Anyway, to cut a long story short, it was a total disaster.
local supermarket.
4 knew / was running / before / towards us / the bull /
Have I ever told you about the time we were invited to was happening / we / what / !
Buckingham Palace?
Before we knew what was happening, the bull was
A friend of a friend told me this story. running towards us!
GIVING BACKGROUND INFORMATION (PEOPLE, TIME, PLACE) 5 was / obviously / aback / a bit / taken / by the whole
thing / I
I was travelling down to London from Oxford on the
train. Obviously, I was a bit taken aback by the whole thing.
Well, I’m not sure if you know my colleague, Joe, but 6 never / to me / the other day / what / happened /
he’s actually related to the Queen! you’ll / believe
There was this guy who had been working there who You’ll never believe what happened to me the other day.
was related to Andy Murray.
3 Replace the underlined parts with the comment
INTRODUCING A TURNING POINT IN THE SEQUENCE OF EVENTS adverbs from the box.
Anyway, to cut a long story short, I decided to go round apparently obviously personally presumably
and see him. surely theoretically
Suddenly, I heard a loud noise.
1 It was clear that under no circumstances could I let
No sooner had I got on the train than I noticed it was
that happen. Obviously,
going in the wrong direction.
2 In theory, there is no way the branch could snap.
Hardly had we got off the train when I realised I’d left
Theoretically
my bag under my seat.
3 I can only assume she forgot to check the locks before
It turned out that the train was the express service to
leaving for the night. Presumably
Edinburgh.
4 It seems that luck was on his side that afternoon.
Before we knew what was happening, the train pulled
Apparently
out of the station.
5 I’m certain that someone would have noticed the
Guess what?
missing lifeboat. Surely
SHOWING THE SPEAKER’S ATTITUDE (THIS CAN HAPPEN AT ANY 6 If you ask me, I think they were foolish to even
POINT, AND MORE THAN ONCE) consider such a move. Personally
Obviously, I was a bit taken aback.
4 Put the sentences in order to make an anecdote.
I couldn’t believe what was happening.
That reminds me of a scary story I heard not long ago …
Obviously, he was trying to travel without a ticket.
a 7 Would you believe it? It was probably the scariest
Presumably, he had left his wallet in the taxi. moment of her life.
Unbelievably, he had spent the whole journey in the b 3 Obviously, she was terrified, but then she felt her
toilet. dog lick her hand in the darkness.
Apparently, another passenger had bought a ticket for c 5 But then the next morning she woke up to find the
him. dog was missing.
And then, to top it all, I realised I had lost my wallet! d 2 She was just falling asleep when suddenly, she
I mean – I’ve done it, haven’t you? heard strange noises and movement from under the
No word of a lie! bed.
Would you believe it? e 6 And there was a note next to her pillow that said
‘people can lick hands too’.
ROUNDING OFF THE ANECDOTE f 4 Apparently, that calmed her down and she went
It was probably the most embarrassing moment of my back to sleep.
life! g 1 There was this girl in bed at home, alone except for
I’ll never forget the day I went to work in my pyjamas! her faithful dog.
I’ll never do that again.
5 ON A HIGH NOTE Write a funny or scary anecdote.

© Pearson Central Europe, 2020 High Note 4 (B2/B2+) 45

 4G WRITING AND VOCABULARY | A story

MISSING IN THE HILLS

Give your story a catchy/interesting
Paco had vanished into thin air. He and 1Jamie had taken their familiar Saturday
title.
morning train ride from the city to the country, then hiked up into the stunning
Derbyshire hills. When they reached a fork in the path, Jamie stopped to consult
the map. 2It was raining and, though visibility was poor, Jamie was sure that
Make sure your story has a clear
structure – a beginning, middle Paco had been just behind him. Glancing round now though, he found himself
and end. utterly alone.
An hour later and 3Jamie was still searching when suddenly, he spotted
a movement to his left. His heart started pounding. ‘Paco!’ he yelled, ‘Is that
Consider starting the story in the you?’ Again, there was movement followed by the sudden shock of a deer
middle of the action for dramatic crashing out of the trees and racing down the steep hill. Jamie’s wide eyes
effect. followed until they settled on the blue-grey peaks that filled the horizon. How
would he ever find his friend out here?
4
Jamie had been searching unsuccessfully for several hours. Not only was
Use time linkers to show when he desperately worried about Paco, but he was also shivering with cold. He
things happened.
came across a deserted looking hill-top pub, and hoping for a warm drink, he
went inside. To his surprise, 5he found a group of young people chatting and
unpacking their drones. ‘We’re the Derbyshire Drone Society’ said a young
Use negative inversion to add
woman brightly, ‘I’m Chloe. Is everything alright?’ Jamie asked for help and
emphasis.
within minutes, six drones with cameras had joined the search.
‘I think I see him!’ yelled one of the pilots suddenly. ‘Hold tight!’ warned Chloe
Use direct speech to make your as, guided by one of the drones, she and Jamie sped off to the rescue on her
story more interesting. off-road motorbike. When they reached the spot, Jamie called out, and all of
a sudden there was Paco, muddy and exhausted but alive. He leapt into Jamie’s
arms; relieved Jamie was finally reunited with his faithful dog.

1 Read the story and choose the statement that is true. 4 Rewrite the sentences with the words in brackets in
The twist in the story is that … the correct place. There may be more than one correct
answer.
a it was all just one of the main character’s dreams.
1 The object in the sky disappeared. (into thin air,
b one of the main characters is not actually human.
suddenly, quickly)
c the story actually takes place far into the future. Suddenly, the object in the sky disappeared quickly
into thin air.
2 Match underlined parts 1–5 from the story with their
2 Louise tried to find an apartment. (in the area, for
functions a–e. Then write what tense the underlined
parts are in. months, unsuccessfully)
Louis tried unsuccessfully to find an apartment in the
a 5 a single completed action in the past Past Simple area for months.
b 1 an action completed before a time in the past
Past Perfect Simple 5 WRITING TASK Write your story.
c 3 an event in progress interrupted by a single action
Past Continuous and Past Simple ACTIVE WRITING | Opowiadanie
d 2 an ongoing action forming the background to 1 Zaplanuj swoje opowiadanie:
a story Past Continuous
• Określ, gdzie i kiedy wydarzyła się opowiadana
e 4 a situation or action in progress up to a time in the historia, i zrób notatki.
past Past Perfect Continuous
• Pomyśl nad tytułem przyciągającym uwagę.
3 Find adverbs and adverbial phrases in the story and 2 Napisz swoje opowiadanie:
write them in the correct column. • Postaraj się, aby twój tekst był ciekawy i napisany
barwnym językiem.
Manner Place Time
• Stosuj mowę zależną, cytaty, inwersję, odpowiednie
suddenly into thin air now przysłówki i wyrazy łączące.
unsuccessfully to his left within minutes • Wykorzystaj zwroty i wskazówki z tabeli Writing
desperately (Student’s Book, str. 57).
brightly • Podziel swoje opowiadanie na akapity.
3 Sprawdź, czy twój tekst:
• jest poprawny, spójny i logiczny,
• zawiera różnorodne słownictwo charakterystyczne
46 UNIT VOCABULARY PRACTICE > page 47 dla danego tematu.
UNIT VOCABULARY PRACTICE 04
1 4A GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY Choose the correct 4 4D READING AND VOCABULARY Match the two parts of
words to complete the sentences. the sentences.
1 The king was assassinated / abducted using poisoned 1 e When Bob was offered a job abroad, he
food. immediately seized
2 Police have so far failed to eliminate / capture the 2 d When I saw some hooligans smashing the
escaped prisoners. windows, I immediately reported
3 Attempting to pay for something with fake bank notes 3 a The minister promised to release
is fraud / hoax. 4 b Jane felt overworked and has put in
4 The woman has always maintained / revealed her 5 c Sue laughed off
innocence despite being found guilty in court.
a a statement to the press in the afternoon.
5 Investigators found several important hints / clues at
the crime scene. b a request for a month’s holiday.
6 I always thought there was something slightly topical / c the accusation that she spread the gossip.
weird about the two of them. d the incident to the police.
7 This is one of the most bizarre / puzzle stories we’ve e the opportunity.
ever reported.
8 The accused claimed / exposed that he was abroad at 5 4E LISTENING AND VOCABULARY Rewrite the sentences
the time the crime was committed. with the words in brackets in the correct place.
1 I love this because it my father’s exactly as I remember
2 4B VOCABULARY Complete the texts with the words him. (captures, likeness, shot)
from the box. I love this shot because it captures my father's likeness
clickbait expose interest raise revenue shed exactly as I remember him.
spans viral 2 This photo is beautifully and for me it the bitter cold of
winter. (composed, evokes, landscape)
WANTED: Investigative journalist to join our team This landscape photo is beautifully composed and for
and help 1raise awareness of important local issues, me it evokes the bitter cold of winter.
2
shed light on the facts behind the headlines and 3 This one is really badly meaning half my face is
3
expose corruption in local business and politics. missing, plus with everyone like that it looks fake.
If you dream of reporting in the public 4 interest , (cropped, posing)
visit our website for more details. This one is cropped really badly meaning half my face
is missing, plus with everyone posing like that it looks
Got what it takes to write successful 5 clickbait fake.
headlines? Know what’s required to appeal to short 4 This one was taken just before our relationship
attention 6 spans and make a story go 7 viral ? If so, ended, so the is particularly as far as I’m concerned.
you could be the one to help us generate (poignant, subject matter)
8
revenue while advancing your own career. This one was taken just before our relationship ended,
Contact Clickplus Marketing for more details. so the subject matter is particularly poignant as far as
I’m concerned.

3 4B VOCABULARY Complete the sentences with one 6 4G WRITING AND VOCABULARY Choose the correct words
word in each gap. to complete the sentences.
1 I prefer a newspaper with balanced reporting rather 1 The speaker kept on mumbling / yelling quietly under
than something that’s always one-sided. his breath, but I could understand what it was he was
2 I like to read the main news, but I also like quirky, saying.
heartwarming articles that make me smile. 2 She shrieked / snapped in pain when the car ran over
3 Only in today’s Guardian – a hard-hitting exclusive her foot.
story for those interested in European politics. 3 Tom wandered / tiptoed past his father’s office
4 Save-A-Stray Magazine is full of heartbreaking stories desperate not to be heard.
about stray animals living on the streets around the 4 At last she spotted / gazed a figure on the horizon and
world. began running towards it.
5 My mother loves reading magazines with sensational 5 He had only glanced / peered at the photograph so
gossip about celebrities’ marriages and divorces. couldn’t remember any details about it.
6 Comments made off the record should not be 6 Jenny stop it! It’s rude to peer / stare at people.
reported publically even if they’re newsworthy. 7 He muttered / bellowed something about teenagers,
but I couldn't hear exactly what he said.

7 ON A HIGH NOTE Write a short paragraph describing

a photograph that is special to you in some way. What
happened before and after the photograph was taken?

© Pearson Central Europe, 2020 High Note 4 (B2/B2+) 47

 Unit self-check

GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY USE OF ENGLISH

1 Choose the correct words to complete the sentences. 4 Complete the sentences using the words in brackets
1 As many people had suggested, the UFO sighting in the correct form. Add any other necessary words.
turned out to be a puzzle / hoax . 1 Scarcely had we arrived at the beach (we / arrive /
2 He was a total enigma / fraud and police weren’t able beach) than it began to rain.
to find a single record of his existence. 2 At no time did I believe (time / I / believe) that he
3 A local businessman was abducted / revealed in the would actually turn up on our doorstep.
city centre on Saturday by two men in a van. 3 Little did they think (they / think) that someone was
4 This documentary finally sheds interest / light on the recording every word they said.
mystery of the disappearance of flight 102. 4 Seldom do you see a tiger (you / see / tiger) as close
5 The president hit / exposed the headlines again by as you can in a zoo.
choosing to play golf rather than work. 5 Never have so many people turned up (many /
/5 people / turn up) at elections. Look at the crowds
outside the polling station!
2 Complete the sentences with the words from the box. /5
There are two extra words.
corruption muttering neighbourhood peering 5 Complete the text with the correct words formed
quirky sensational statement suspicion from the words in bold.

1 This so called ‘news’ paper contains nothing but This website aims to raise 1 awareness (AWARE) of
sensational celebrity gossip. issues that affect young people who have left
2 Having lost all his money, he could be heard muttering school and are in full or part-time employment.
to himself about how unfair life was. Each week it presents 2 topical (TOPIC) discussions
3 The men were arrested on suspicion of murder. and up-to-the-minute news aimed at younger
3
workers (WORK) and those taking part in
4 There has been a series of robberies in the
vocational training and apprenticeships. The stories
neighbourhood , so residents are being warned to
it includes are always 4 newsworthy (NEWS). The
lock their doors.
articles contain a great deal of information that is
5 This English stand-up comedian has a particularly likely to attract the 5 attention (ATTEND) of anyone
quirky sense of humour. with a job aged between sixteen and twenty-five.
6 He's the famous journalist exposing corruption in I recommend it highly.
public life.
/5 /5

3 Complete the conversation with the correct forms of 6 Complete the second sentence using the word
the verbs in brackets. in bold so that it means the same as the first one. Use
Pat So how was the film? between two and five words, including the word in
bold.
Jez Well, the whole evening was a disaster. By the time
the bus arrived, I 1'd been waiting (wait) in the rain 1 The plane had just taken off when the emergency
for twenty minutes, and when I finally met up with lights came on. HARDLY
Gavin and got to the cinema, the film Hardly had the plane taken off when the emergency
2
had already started (already/start). lights came on.
Pat Oh no! Was it a good film at least? 2 I arrived at the shop but it was already closed. HAD
Jez Well, I don’t know. We had been watching for By the time we arrived at the shop, it had already
about fifteen minutes when the screen closed.
3
went (go) blank. 3 I queued for an hour before I got to the front. BEEN
Pat What? I had been queuing for an hour when I got to the front.
Jez Apparently they 4 hadn’t checked (not check) the 4 Millions of people watched the video during the first
projector properly, and it broke down. While we twenty-four hours it was online. VIRAL
5
were waiting (wait) for them to fix the projector,
The video went viral within twenty-four hours.
they offered us tickets to the other film that was
showing, but Gavin had already seen it. 5 We didn’t expect to have to pay for dinner.
CIRCUMSTANCES
Pat Oh, dear. So what 6 did you do (you/do)?
Under no circumstances did we expect to have to pay
Jez Well, we got our money back and then caught the
for dinner.
bus home. A total waste of an evening!
6 Where did he work before he went to prison? LIVING
/5
What did he do for a living before he went to prison?
/5
/ 30

48 © Pearson Central Europe, 2020 High Note 4 (B2/B2+)

Matura self-check 04
1 Przetłumacz na język angielski fragmenty podane 3 Przeczytaj tekst. Z podanych odpowiedzi wybierz
w nawiasach, tak aby otrzymać zdania logiczne właściwą, tak aby otrzymać logiczny i gramatycznie
i gramatycznie poprawne. Wymagana jest pełna poprawny tekst. Zakreśl jedną z liter: a, b, c albo d.
poprawność ortograficzna wpisywanych fragmentów
zdań. W każdą lukę możesz wpisać maksymalnie sześć
wyrazów. 50 years of fraud
It is common knowledge that smoking is the leading
1 Her baby finally fell asleep so she tiptoed out of the
room (wyszła na palcach z pokoju). cause of cancer in both men and women. 1 does
it increase the risk of lung cancer, but it is also the main
2 Presumably, he didn’t know (Przypuszczalnie nie
risk factor for heart disease and respiratory illnesses. Yet,
wiedział) what he was doing.
the smoking industry did not want to 2 the truth
3 The detective (had) finished the investigation (skończył
about the health consequences of using their products
dochodzenie) before new evidence came to light.
for a long time. As early as at the beginning of 1950s,
4 The double agent claimed that his story was research was published showing a link between smoking
(twierdził, że jego historia jest) true. and lung cancer. However, tobacco companies 3
5 A 17-year-old was arrested on suspicion (był the dangers of smoking and inhaling cigarette smoke.
aresztowany pod zarzutem) of car theft. They 4 it by putting filters on cigarettes and
6 The building was closed for two hours because promising to do research into the undesirable effects of
someone had called the police (ktoś zadzwonił na smoking. The breakthrough came in 2006, when Philip
policję) saying there was a bomb. Morris and RJ Reynolds (two large cigarette companies)
7 Never before have I heard such a (nie słyszałem were found guilty of organised criminal activity. The
takiej) ridiculous story! court sentence stated that the companies 5 the
8 No sooner had I started the engine than health risks associated with smoking for decades.
(uruchomiłam silnik, gdy) I saw that I had a flat tyre.
1 a Scarcely b No sooner c Not only d Seldom
9 Under no circumstances are they allowed (Pod
żadnym pozorem nie wolno im) to enter the building. 2 a reveal b show c believe d get
10 They built the monument to commemorate the 3 a were used to denying b must have denied
bravery (aby upamiętnić odwagę) of the man who c would deny d had to deny
rescued the child from the fire. 4 a ran out of b got away with
11 The farmer explained that he had seen aliens talking / c looked down on d got on with
who were talking (widział obce istoty rozmawiające) in 5 a covered up b were covering up
a strange language. c have been covering up d had been covering up
12 The boy’s family was poor and found it hard
to make ends meet (aby związać koniec z końcem). 4 Uzupełnij luki (1–4), przekształcając jeden
z wyrazów z ramki w taki sposób, aby powstał spójny
2 W zadaniach 1–10 uzupełnij luki, wpisując wyraz, i logiczny tekst. Wymagana jest pełna poprawność
który poprawnie uzupełnia luki w obydwu zdaniach. gramatyczna i ortograficzna wpisywanych wyrazów.
Dwa wyrazy zostały podane dodatkowo i nie pasują
1 The conference will be held at the Plaza.
do żadnej luki.
The man was held prisoner for six months.
2 The spacecraft will soon be launched into space. ideal suspicion take sight find confront
The police have launched an investigation into
the crime.
Aliens in Emilcin
3 They often fall out over silly little issues.
Look! This man is about to fall ! For many years people across the globe have reported
sensational events involving life outside the Earth, from
4 We’ve almost run out of fuel.
alien abductions to UFO 1 sightings . One such tale
I used to run a restaurant in the city centre.
goes back to May 1978, when a 71-year-old peasant from
5 Are you ready to take on another challenge? the small village of Emilcin in eastern Poland claimed
The criminals decided to take the shop owner
to have been abducted by aliens. Jan Wolski was driving
hostage.
his wagon through the woods near Emilcin when he
6 His job is to cover local news stories. spotted two 2 suspicious strangers. Both had green
We’d like to cover the distance of 3000 km during
skin, webbed fingers and were wearing dark overalls.
this journey.
They hopped onto his wagon and began chatting in
7 The story of alien abduction is bound to hit a strange language. The man was somewhat 3 taken
the headlines. aback by the course of events, but continued driving.
Boris and I really hit it off and became friends.
When they got to a strange vehicle that looked a bit
8 She had a narrow escape when her car hit the tree. like a bus, the strangers invited Wolski to step inside,
The road was too narrow for me to drive safely. offered him some food and showed him out. What
9 I had a hard time persuading her to support me. exactly happened on that day still remains a mystery.
She’s been working hard all day and she's tired. According to some recent 4 findings , it could have
10 The minister has just released a statement. been a prank that one UFO reporter pulled on another.
Their new album will be released next month.

© Pearson Central Europe, 2020 High Note 4 (B2/B2+) 49

 05 Making sense

5A GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY

Gerunds and infinitives
1 Match the two parts of the sentences.
1 d I know I should resist, but I can’t help
2 e Many people fail
3 h Experts encourage
4 a Let the delicious flavours
5 g The curry is so spicy I have difficulty
6 b Do you happen
7 c Jack’s parents tried to force
8 f The smell was so terrible Mum made

a tempt your taste buds.

b to know where I can get my hearing tested?
c him to eat broccoli when he was a child.
d scratching when I’ve got an insect bite.
e to understand the strong link between smell and taste.
f me open all the windows. 3 Complete the text with the correct forms of the
g tasting anything except the chilli. verbs in brackets.
h us to take regular breaks from staring at our computer
I held a snake for the first time at a small zoo in the
screens.
south of England. I was surprised 1to find (find) that
it was dry and not wet. While 2 holding (hold) the
2 Choose the correct forms to complete the sentences.
snake, I felt it begin 3 to wrap (wrap) itself round
1 I tend to remember / remembering I’m not wearing my my arm, but I didn’t feel threatened. I don’t think it
reading glasses when my eyes begin to ache. intended 4 to do (do) me any harm. In fact, it seemed
2 Is it usual for under-eighteens to pay / paying for eye 5
to want (want) to show me affection. Nothing about
tests? the snake was what I’d expected. I felt lucky that it had
3 I’m short-sighted, so I wear glasses helping / to help let me 6 touch (touch) it.
me see objects in the distance.
4 You’re the second person to ask / asking me if my
4 Complete the texts with the correct forms of the
verbs in bold and an object where necessary.
hearing is OK today.
5 You risk to damage / damaging your eyesight if you READ
stare at the Sun. Gavin tries 1to read for at least an hour every day. He
6 My dog is brilliant at detect / detecting smells. enjoys 2 reading while he’s travelling to school. His
7 To tell / Telling these smells apart can be very difficult mum won’t let 3 him read at the dinner table though.
for some people.
DO
8 While working / to work as a chef, I developed a keen
sense of smell. Anastasia’s parents make 4 her do her homework
as soon as she gets in from school. They encourage
9 To avoid to damage / damaging your glasses, always 5
her to do it before anything else. The only way
keep them in the case provided.
she can avoid 6 doing it is if she has after-school
10 We encourage you having / to have your glasses activities.
cleaned and checked regularly at one of our stores.
WATCH
Ola can’t stand 7 watching violent films or TV series.
She refuses 8 to watch anything where violence is
shown as entertainment. 9 Watching comedies on the
other hand, she finds a great pleasure.

50 © Pearson Central Europe, 2020 High Note 4 (B2/B2+)

 05
5 Complete the text with the correct forms of the 8 Rewrite the sentences using the correct forms of
verbs from the box. used to, be used to or get used to.
approach attack be have hunt know smell 1 It’s normal for me to find cat hairs on my clothes.
steal take I'm used to finding cat hairs on my clothes.
2 Life on the island is slowly becoming normal for the
family.

BEWARE
The family is/are (slowly) getting used to life on the island.
3 Fiona didn’t like the smell of fish in the past.

THE BEARS!
Fiona didn’t use to like the smell of fish.
4 Waking up early was slowly becoming normal for
Gina.
Gina was (slowly) getting used to waking up early.
5 Tim played guitar in a jazz band in the past.
Tim used to play guitar in a jazz band.
Imagine 1having a sense of smell 700 times more 6 It was normal for Greta to speak to large groups of
powerful than a human. Grizzly Bears’ noses are so people.
good that they are able 2 to smell a potential meal Greta was used to speaking to large groups of people.
from up to eighteen miles away. This is why it is so
important 3 to be careful when you are camping in 9 USE OF ENGLISH Complete the second sentence
Grizzly country. The bears will be the first 4 to know using the word in bold so that it means the same as the
if you leave food out, and you won’t be able to first one. Use between two and five words, including
prevent them from 5 approaching your campsite if the word in bold.
they are hungry. 6 Stealing your food is much easier 1 Using this switch, you can turn off all the lights in the
than spending time 7 hunting and while bears are house. ENABLES
not likely 8 to attack humans, can you really afford This switch enables you to switch off all the lights in
9
to take the risk? the house.
2 It’s my job to test people for colour-blindness.
RESPONSIBLE
6 Read the sentences. What function do they have? I am/’m responsible for testing people for colour-
Write N, B or P. blindness.
N = This is normal. 3 Would you like to try the smelly blue cheese? FANCY
B = This is slowly becoming normal. Do you fancy trying the smelly blue cheese?
P = This was true in the past, but is no longer true now. 4 We told him that listening to his headphones at
such a high volume was a bad idea. ENCOURAGED
1 I’m getting used to wearing a hearing aid. B
We encouraged him not to listen to his headphones
2 Kenny used to have a sensitive palate. P at such a high volume.
3 Brianne is used to people asking her for advice. N 5 Perfume makers are forbidden from smoking.
4 We’re already used to the Irish accent. N ALLOWED
5 They’re getting used to being vegetarians now. B Perfume makers are not/aren’t allowed to smoke.
6 Visitors used to be able to make out the sea from 6 Our chemistry teacher forced us to smell the horrible
here. P brown liquid. MADE
Our chemistry teacher made us smell the horrible
7 Complete the sentences with the correct forms brown liquid.
of (be/get) used to and the verbs in brackets.
1 Although it’s still a bit strange, Chris is getting used to 10 ON A HIGH NOTE Write a short paragraph about
living (live) in the student halls instead of at home a situation in your life when you had to change your
with his parents. habits or routine, or adapt to new circumstances.
Describe the situation and your emotions, and how
2 I couldn’t concentrate on audio books at first, but now you coped with the change.
I am/’m used to listening (listen) to them and prefer
them to reading a normal book.
3 When my sister was a child, she used to suck (suck)
her thumb all the time.
4 Joel didn’t use to do (not do) any exercise at all, but
now he runs marathons regularly.
5 Bonnie is used to getting up (get up) early after
growing up on a farm.
6 I got used to being (be) vegetarian eventually
although it took a long time for me to stop missing
chicken.

© Pearson Central Europe, 2020 High Note 4 (B2/B2+) UNIT VOCABULARY PRACTICE > page 59 51
 5B VOCABULARY | The senses
1 Do the words describe pleasant or unpleasant 4 Complete the sentences with one adjective in
smells? Choose the correct emojis. each gap.
1 aroma / 5 smelly / 1 The jar’s paper label came off in the dishwasher, but
2 mouth-watering / 6 stench / the sticky glue remained on the glass.
3 overpowering / 7 stink / 2 The children decided the hedgehog was simply too
spiky to pick up and left it alone.
4 scent / 8 subtle /
3 The coarse cloth hurt the little girl’s face as her
2 Choose the correct words to complete the mother wiped her clean.
description. 4 The silky material of Bethany’s new dress felt
wonderful against her legs.
5 The fluffy young chick weighed almost nothing in her
hand.
6 Enid didn’t believe that the miracle cream would
make her skin look young and smooth .
7 After ten days in the fruit bowl, the kiwis were
unpleasantly squishy .
8 Vernon’s wool jumper was prickly against his skin,
and was making him uncomfortable.

5 Choose the correct words to complete the mini-

conversations.
Overheard at the campsite.
Kurt What’s that awful 1 ?
Uma I don’t know, but it really 2 .
Kurt We can’t camp here. We'll have to move the
tent.
Uma But it’s already dark, Kurt!

With twenty minutes to kill, I chose a pleasant- Lenny Lenny! Wake up! Can you hear the 3 of the
looking café near the river. The 1stink / aroma of bacon I’m frying for our breakfast?
fresh coffee hit me as soon as I opened the door. Norm Yes, I can. Plus the whole campsite can probably
I ordered a cup and sat down by the window. The smell that 4 smell.
seat was comfortable and whatever they were Lenny Am I a good friend, or what?
preparing in the kitchen smelled 2 mouth-watering / Norm The best, Lenny. I’ll make the coffee.
overpowering. ‘Croissants’ apparently, ‘and fresh
ones, not frozen’ said the owner with considerable Marcus Argh! Argh!
pride. I ordered two with honey and butter. The
Sophie What! What is it?
honey was delicious; ‘local’, apparently, and very
Marcus I can feel something 5 in the bottom of my
3
smooth / spiky with a 4 subtle / smelly hint of
sleeping bag!
lavender. The delicate 5stench / scent of the flower
garden at the rear of the café came in through Sophie Eeew! What is it?
the window and added to the pleasant sense of Marcus I don’t know … wait … argh! Sorry, but it felt
relaxation. kind of 6 like a grape then it
7
when I squashed it, and now I’ve got
something 8 on my fingers.
3 Match the words from the box with the descriptions. Sophie Eeew! I’m never going camping ever again.
chirp crunch hum pop rustle screech sizzle
1 a aroma b scent c stench
thud
2 a stinks b chirps c thuds
1 Steaks under the grill. sizzle 3 a sizzle b crunch c hum
2 A room full of switched on computers. hum 4 a overpowering b fluffy c mouth-watering
3 Biting into a slice of well-toasted bread. crunch 5 a squishy b smelly c silky
4 A cork being pulled out of a bottle. pop 6 a prickly b smooth c spiky
5 A heavy book dropped on a wooden floor. thud 7 a screeched b popped c hummed
6 A car’s tyres as the driver takes a corner too fast. 8 a sticky b rustling c crunching
screech
7 Hungry baby birds. chirp 6 ON A HIGH NOTE Imagine you are sitting in a busy park
8 A bag of sweets in the cinema. rustle on a sunny day. Write a paragraph describing what you
can smell, hear and feel.

52 UNIT VOCABULARY PRACTICE > page 59 © Pearson Central Europe, 2020 High Note 4 (B2/B2+)
5C GRAMMAR 05
Verbs with gerunds and infinitives 3 Complete the sentences with the correct gerund
or infinitive forms of the verbs in brackets.
1 Complete the sentences with the structures from the
box. 1 Always remember to wash (wash) your hands before
you start cooking.
deserved discussing heard the bottle smash 2 Getting the grades I need for university means
needs paying regretted drinking remember dreaming studying (study) hard for the next six months.
see Ben fall stop looking
watched Igor and Natalia dancing 3 Once your child can walk, he or she needs watching
(watch) all the time.
1 Carl regretted drinking a second can of energy drink. 4 Can we stop at the service station to use (use)
2 Did you see Ben fall off his bike yesterday? the bathroom?
3 The water bill needs paying this week. 5 I really regret going (go) out last night as I’m
4 I remember dreaming I could fly last night. exhausted this morning.
5 Carolina heard the bottle smash as it hit the floor. 4 Choose the correct forms to complete the
6 Svetlana watched Igor and Natalia dancing together. sentences. Then write C for a complete action or I for
7 Graham thought the idea deserved discussing . an incomplete action.
8 Please stop looking at your phone. 1 We listened to Whitney sing / singing the national
anthem from beginning to end. C
2 Match each pair of sentences with their meanings 2 Jay stood in the garden and felt the rain fall / falling
a–b. on her face. I
1 b Why don’t you try using a different app to see if it’s 3 Did you see the racing cars touch / touching just then
any better? on the corner? C
2 a Emma tried to sing the highest note, but she 4 He heard the baby next door cry / crying every night
couldn’t quite manage it. through the thin walls. I
a Make an effort to do something difficult.
b Do something as an experiment to see what
5 Complete the text with the correct forms of the
verbs from the box.
happens.
go on/develop need/clean remember/smell
3 a Alice remembered to add salt to the soup she was smell/toast/burn stop/breathe in try/pay try/repeat
making. would like/improve
4 b Harry remembered meeting Gina for the first time.
a Remember something, then do it.
b Remember that you did something earlier.
HOW TO IMPROVE YOUR
SENSE OF SMELL
5 a Felix went on to become a vet after graduating
from university. How well-developed is your sense of smell? Can
6 b Donald went on dancing even after the music had you 1smell toast burning in the neighbours’ kitchen,
stopped. or tell when the bathroom 2 needs cleaning before
a Do something after completing something else. anyone else? If you 3 would like to improve your
b Continue an activity without stopping. sense of smell, read on!
Step 1
7 b I'm sorry, I've forgotten borrowing your dictionary. 4
Try paying/Try to pay more attention to familiar
8 a I forgot to tell you that I’m allergic to nuts. smells. For example, before you drink your coffee,
a Forget that you need to do something. 5
stop to breathe in the delicious aroma. If you 6
b Forget about something that happened earlier. remember to smell your food and drink regularly,
9 b I mean to tell her exactly what I think of her. your sense of smell will start to improve.
10 a My summer job will mean getting up early every Step 2
morning. 7
Go on developing/to develop your sense of smell by
a Say that one thing will result in another. training your nose. Choose a few familiar, pleasant
b Say that you intend to do something. scents and take a minute to really smell them. 8 Try
repeating/to repeat this several times a day and your
11 a I regret selling my mountain bike.
nose will become more sensitive.
12 b I regret to say we are unable to offer you a place
on the course.
6 ON A HIGH NOTE Write a short paragraph about
a Feel sorry about something you did or didn’t do. something that you believe deserves doing. Have you
b A formal way to say you are sorry about a situation. ever tried doing it? If so, did you like doing it? Explain
why.

© Pearson Central Europe, 2020 High Note 4 (B2/B2+) 53

 5D READING AND VOCABULARY
1 Look at the photos. Which of the five senses are you 6 Complete the sentences with the words from
going to read about? Sight Exercise 5.
2 Read the article quickly. What do you think would be 1 I never buy audio-visual equipment online unless I’ve
the best title? already tested it in a shop.
2 That yellow is too bright for this room – I would prefer
a Genetic eye conditions
pale yellow.
b Colour vision
3 The artist is famous for her use of bright colour – here
c Art and the eyes she uses particularly vivid pinks and greens.
3 Read the article again and answer the questions. 4 Can you distinguish between the colour of these two
paints? They look the same to me.
1 Which eye colour is least common among the world’s
population? 5 Octopuses can change colour to match their
green
background and make themselves virtually invisible .
2 What is unusual about the eyes of someone with 6 The iris of her left eye was so dark it was almost
heterochromia? black.
they are different colours 7 The water was the most beautiful shade of blue.
3 What do some heterochromia sufferers do to hide their 8 Most marine animals cannot perceive colours and
condition? only see in black and white.
wear contact lenses
4 What causes the condition known as tetrachromia?
a variation in a single gene
ACTIVE VOCABULARY | Verbs ending in -ate
5 What is unique about the artist Concetta Antico? Certain verbs end with the letters -ate. Note how the word
She’s the only known tetrachromat artist. stress changes in these verbs according to the number of
6 What drawback of tetrachromacy is described? syllables:
colourful places can be overwhelming • two syllables, stress on second syllable (e.g. create)
7 What simple description of synaesthesia is given in the • three syllables, stress on first syllable (e.g. demonstrate)
text? • four syllables, stress on second syllable (e.g. appreciate)
a mixing of the senses • five syllables, stress on third syllable (e.g. differentiate)
8 What skill is synaesthesia often associated with?
artistic (skill)
9 In what way does Nick Ryan benefit from his 7 Complete the sentences with the verbs from the box.
synaesthesia? Use a dictionary to help you if necessary. Then practise
It makes music more enjoyable. saying the sentences.
10 Where was Nick Ryan’s artwork shown to the public?
complicate congratulate cooperate estimate
(at a festival) in London
miscommunicate vibrate
4 Decide if statements 1–6 are true or false. 1 Don’t forget to switch your phone to vibrate mode
1 T The most common eye colour is brown. when you go into the cinema.
2 F There are thought to be more people with 2 My uncle came round to congratulate me on passing
heterochromia than with green eyes. my exams.
3 F Heterochromia has a negative effect on eyesight. 3 We estimate that your parcel will be delivered on
4 T The colour vision of a tetrachromat is more complex Monday 4 February.
than that of a non-tetrachromat. 4 Sorry to complicate things, but we need to see your
5 F Synaesthesia always affects the way a person sees. original birth certificate, not a copy.
6 T Nick Ryan worked with musician Imogen Heap to 5 Air traffic controllers simply can't afford to
produce his audio-visual experience. miscommunicate with pilots.
6 If the protesters cooperate with police, then the
Vocabulary extension demonstration should be peaceful.

5 Match the highlighted words from the text with the 8 ON A HIGH NOTE Write a paragraph describing
definitions. a particularly colourful place, e.g. a fruit and vegetable
1 Light, not bright or strong. pale market, a flower garden, a holiday resort, etc.
2 Coloured part of the eye. iris
3 Impossible to see. invisible
4 Tell the difference between. distinguish
5 Very bright. vivid
6 See (also hear) or notice. perceive
7 Using both sight and sound. audio-visual
8 A particular type of a colour, e.g. olive green. shade

54 UNIT VOCABULARY PRACTICE > page 59 © Pearson Central Europe, 2020 High Note 4 (B2/B2+)
 05
W hat colour are your eyes? Statistically,
they are probably brown – like seventy-nine
percent of people on the planet. If you have blue
eyes, then you’re among the eight to ten percent of
the world’s population, while around five percent of
us have hazel eyes. If you’re lucky enough to have
green eyes, then you are part of an exclusive group
which comprises just two percent of the human race.
Extremely unusually, less than one percent of us
have something called ‘heterochromia’ – a genetic
condition in which one iris is a totally different colour
to the other. Famous examples include actors Kate
Bosworth, Jane Seymour and Dan Aykroyd. Some
people with heterochromia say that they enjoy the
attention it brings, whereas others never get used to
their different-coloured eyes and wear contact lenses
to disguise them. Heterochromia may affect the way
you look, but thankfully the condition doesn’t usually
affect the way you see. However, there are some these night-time paintings, testing has shown that
genetic conditions that can have a radical effect on the tetrachromats have enhanced vision in low light
way you perceive the world, particularly when it comes conditions. It’s not all positive for Antico though –
to your perception of colour. a simple trip to a colourful place such as fruit and
vegetable market can be an overwhelming experience
A tiny group of people in the world have a condition for her. She says her favourite colour is white because
called ‘tetrachromacy’. In tetrachromacy, a variation she finds it a welcome break from her world of vivid
in a single gene changes the way the eye develops, colour.
leading to the amazing ability to see colours that
are invisible to others. To put that in perspective, Another unusual genetic condition is synaesthesia.
an ‘ordinary’ eye can distinguish around one million There are many different forms of the phenomenon,
shades of colour, whereas the eyes of a tetrachromat but basically it is a mixing of the senses that
may be able to differentiate 100 million different causes sounds, textures, flavours and shapes to be
shades! It is thought that the condition affects only experienced with their own associated colours. For
women and in fact it has taken twenty years of example, the sound of a cello may be blue, the taste of
research to prove that it exists at all. chocolate purple, the number ‘one’ green and Monday
a pale shade of orange. Around four percent of the
It is almost impossible to appreciate what the world population is thought to have synaesthesia and over
looks like to a tetrachromat, but the paintings of seventy variations have been recorded. Experiences
Concetta Antico, the only known tetrachromat artist, vary from person to person and are not always
have given us a fascinating glimpse. As you might associated with vision. As unlikely as it sounds, some
expect, her artwork is alive with colour, but her people smell the time, while others taste music. There
pictures of what she sees in the moonlight or at is a strong link between synaesthesia and artistic skill.
dawn are particularly interesting. As suggested by Musicians Pharrell Williams, Kanye West and Lady Gaga
all claim to have it, and it is thought that Russian author
Vladimir Nabokov, artist Vincent van Gogh and jazz
legend Duke Ellington were all synaesthetes too.
British composer, Nick Ryan, sees colours, shapes
and textures that correspond to sound and music. He
says it actually makes listening more enjoyable and,
like Concetta Antico, he has produced artwork to try
and help people appreciate what it is like to have his
form of the condition. Together with digital artists,
Ryan designed an audio-visual experience which was
enjoyed by audiences in London as part of a festival
organised by musician Imogen Heap.
For years, scientists and philosophers have debated
whether or not what we see is the same as what
others see. Science has revealed that people with
tetrachromacy and synaesthesia experience a very
different world to the one that most of us open our
eyes to every morning.

© Pearson Central Europe, 2020 High Note 4 (B2/B2+) 55

 5E LISTENING AND VOCABULARY
1 19 Listen to a radio programme about the history of Pronunciation
sushi. Number the different generations of sushi in the
order they are mentioned. 4 20 Read some sentences from the radio
programme in Exercise 1. Find the stressed syllables in
A 5 B 2 the underlined words. Listen and check.
1 I’m a massive fan, and preferably in huge quantities!
2 Sushi was born out of necessity, specifically the need
to preserve fish before fridges were invented.
inside-out roll second generation of sushi
3 Skip forward to the twentieth century and
C 1 D 4 preservation with salt was no longer necessary.

ACTIVE PRONUNCIATION
nare-sushi edo-mae Suffixes that move word stress
The stress in some words changes position when
E 3
a suffix is added to the word. Here are some examples:
• -ity (e.g. active – activity)
• -ic (e.g. economy – economic)
eighteenth century • -ble/-bly (e.g. prefer – preferable/preferably)
• -ion (e.g. inform – information)
2 19 Listen again and complete the sentences
with up to five words in each gap. • -al (e.g. substance – substantial)
1 Sushi was created because people needed to Not all suffixes cause this change:
preserve fish . • -ment (e.g. develop – development)
2 In the first generation of sushi, the fish was preserved • -ly (e.g. economical – economically)
with salt and vinegar, then left/put in a wooden barrel • -ance (e.g. insure – insurance)
for a year.
3 With the second generation of sushi, people
ate the rice instead of throwing it away. 5 21 Find the stressed syllable in the second word in
each pair. Listen and check. Then practise saying the
4 Sugar was used in the third generation of sushi to
pairs of words.
help make it last longer.
1 generous – generosity
5 The fourth generation of sushi was the first kind of
Japanese street food . 2 photograph – photographic
6 Sushi became luxury food when cold storage 3 speculate – speculation
was invented. 4 judgement – judgemental
7 The inside-out rolls have rice and seaweed on the 5 access – accessible
outside.
8 Nowadays sushi is available worldwide, not only in 6 22 Listen to these pairs of words. Tick the pairs
Japanese restaurants, but also in convenience stores which change the stress placement.
and petrol stations . 1 physical – physically
2 ✓ motivate – motivation
Vocabulary extension 3 ✓ medicine – medicinal
3 Complete the extracts from the recording in Exercise 1 4 punish – punishment
with the words from the box. 5 ✓ evolve – evolution
barrel preserve raw seaweed soy sauce vinegar 7 Find the stressed syllables in the words in bold.
Practise saying the sentences.
1 Sushi was born out of necessity, specifically the need
to preserve fish before fridges were invented. 1 a Unable to sleep, I got up and made myself a cup of
2 Nare-sushi was basically fish rubbed with salt and left cocoa.
in vinegar for several months. b He blamed his parents for his inability to make
3 The stuffed fish would be packed into a wooden friends.
barrel , then weighed down with a heavy stone and 2 a How can you explain that sort of behaviour?
left for a year. b She offered no explanation as to why she had left
4 OK, so preserved fish and rice, but still no soy sauce , so suddenly.
avocado or cream cheese! 3 a He is always ready to accept a challenge.
5 Preservation with salt was no longer necessary, and b He wrote a letter of acceptance to the university.
the fashion for raw fish slices really started. 4 a Through these lessons, students learn the basics of
6 These rolls have fish and other ingredients in the science.
centre, surrounded by rice either with or without an b We believe in investing in scientific research.
outer layer of seaweed .
56 UNIT VOCABULARY PRACTICE > page 59 © Pearson Central Europe, 2020 High Note 4 (B2/B2+)
5F SPEAKING 05
1 Read the phrases. How do you say them in Polish? 2 Put the words in order to make phrases that are useful
for asking and answering about preferences.
SPEAKING 1 rather / you / what / do / would / ?
Asking and answering about preferences What would you rather do?
ASKING ABOUT PREFERENCES 2 both / equally / like / them / I
Which do/would you prefer? Tea or coffee? I like them both equally.
What would you rather do? Eat out or stay in? 3 choice / I’d / given / prefer / the fish / the
Given the choice, I’d prefer the fish./I’d prefer the fish
EXPRESSING GENERAL PREFERENCES given the choice.
I prefer eating at home to going out to a restaurant. 4 go / a takeaway / for / any day / I’d
I don’t like either of them. I’d go for a takeaway any day.
I like them both equally. 5 have / slight / I / a / preference / savoury food / for
I generally favour savoury over sweet dishes. I have a slight preference for savoury food.

MAKING A CHOICE 3 Rewrite the sentences so that they mean the same and
I’d prefer to have Chinese food rather than Indian. include the words in brackets.
I’d prefer Chinese food rather than Indian. 1 I don’t like this one or this one. (either)
I’d rather have Chinese food. I don't like either of them.
I’d sooner have Chinese food than Indian. 2 I’d prefer to order Chinese food. (sooner)
Given the choice, I'd rather eat at home. I’d sooner order Chinese food.
I’d go for fish and chips any day/every time. 3 I’d rather sit here than there. (prefer)
I have a preference for Italian food. I’d prefer to sit here rather than there.
I have a slight preference for eating Italian food. 4 I’d prefer you not to talk with your mouth full. (rather)
I’d rather you didn’t talk with your mouth full.
GIVING SOMEONE ELSE THE CHOICE
5 I’d always rather cook than wash the dishes. (prefer)
It’s up to you.
I (always) prefer cooking to washing the dishes.
It’s your call.
6 You decide. (call)
I’m easy.
It’s your call.
Whatever/Wherever/ Whichever you prefer.
4 Complete the conversations with one word in each
gap.
Lucy Which do you 1prefer, Dom? Tea or coffee?
Dom Yes, please!
Lucy Oh, that’s hilarious. Make a decision or make it
yourself, funny man.
Dom 2
Whatever you prefer. I like them both 3equally .
Lucy OK ... Here you go, Mr Comedian.
Dom Thanks. Urgh! What’s this? It tastes awful.
Lucy I call it ‘cof-tea’ – half coffee, half tea. You did
say it was my 4call .
Dom I suppose I deserved that.

Jane What would you 5rather do tonight, Beata? Stay

at home or go out?
Beata I’d rather 6not go out, to be honest. Do you
fancy sofa, pizza, film?
Jane Oh. Well … actually … given the 7choice ,
I’d 8sooner go out.
Beata Oh – OK. I’m 9easy . We can go out.
Jane How about … pizza and a film?
Beata So everything except the sofa?
Jane Exactly!

5 ON A HIGH NOTE Write a short conversation between

two friends who are at the supermarket trying to
decide what to buy for dinner.

© Pearson Central Europe, 2020 High Note 4 (B2/B2+) 57

 5G WRITING AND VOCABULARY | A review

MULTI-SENSORY CINEMA by Claire Hewitt

As advertised all over the city recently, Palm Shopping Centre’s newest attraction
is a multi-sensory cinema. My friend and I decided to 1 . While it might not
suit every kind of film, we found it extremely impressive and 2 watching our
Give brief details of where and favourite superhero movie there.
when you went, and your overall A multi-sensory cinema appeals to all your senses. As well as the usual clear picture
impression. and the fabulous surround-sound, the seats in the cinema actually move and shake
with the action. There are also some pretty unusual special effects such as scent,
water and various highly entertaining weather effects. This means that when your
Describe the event. Include favourite superhero is flying across the surface of water, you can actually smell the
information about what you did sea, and feel water and wind on your face.
and saw. What my friend and I 3 was how, after a few minutes, the effects really became
part of the whole experience. It was utterly convincing and we felt like we were
right in the centre of the action. Another seriously cool thing was how the effects
Describe the positive aspects. made the scary moments in the film even more intense. When something suddenly
touches your leg under your seat, or your seat unexpectedly drops, it really scares
you! I was also 4 by the incredibly realistic weather effects. At one point in the
film, there was a snowy scene and, unbelievably, snow actually fell in the cinema.
Write about any negative aspects.
If I have 5 , it’s that a multi-sensory cinema is probably best suited to action or
horror films only. For those who enjoy calmer, more dialogue-based films, this kind
of cinema probably doesn’t have much to offer. Also, ticket prices are quite high,
Make recommendations. but I guess that’s to be expected.
All in all, I’d 6 a multi-sensory cinema to fans of action and horror films. By
stimulating all your senses, it adds a whole new level of excitement to a familiar
experience.

1 Read Claire’s review and choose the best words to 5 WRITING TASK Lokalna gazeta poprosiła
complete the sentences. czytelników o wzięcie udziału w dyskusji na temat
1 The review is generally positive / negative. tego, czy instytucje kulturalne wspierają młodych ludzi
2 It’s written in a formal / an informal style. w realizacji ich zainteresowań. Napisz do gazety artykuł,
w którym przedstawisz swoją opinię na ten temat
2 According to the writer, which kinds of film are best i zrecenzujesz zajęcia dla młodzieży prowadzone
enjoyed in a multi-sensory cinema? action or horror films w lokalnym domu kultury.

3 Match phrases a–f with gaps 1–6 in the review.

ACTIVE WRITING | Recenzja
a 5 one criticism d 2, 3 thoroughly enjoyed
Recenzja nie jest formą wypowiedzi pisemnej wymaganą
b 3, 2 particularly liked e 4 blown away na egzaminie maturalnym, ale może stanowić jeden z
c 1 check it out f 6 definitely recommend elementów innej formy, np. artykułu.
1 Zaplanuj swoją recenzję:
4 Choose the correct intensifiers to complete the extracts
from the review. Then read it again and check your • Przygotuj informacje na temat miejsca lub wydarzenia,
answers. które chciałbyś/chciałabyś zrecenzować.
1 While it might not suit every kind of film, we found it 2 Napisz swoją recenzję:
completely / extremely impressive. • Rozpocznij swój tekst w ciekawy sposób, aby
2 There are some pretty / utterly unusual special effects. przyciągnąć uwagę czytelników i zachęcić ich do
lektury.
3 … and various highly / totally entertaining weather
• Stosuj różnorodne przymiotniki i przysłówki.
effects.
• Wykorzystaj zwroty i wskazówki z tabeli Writing
4 It was super / utterly convincing and we felt like we
(Student’s Book, str. 73).
were right in the centre of the action.
• Wyraź swoją opinię na temat różnych aspektów
5 Another seriously / absolutely cool thing was how the opisywanego miejsca lub wydarzenia.
effects made the scary moments in the film even more
intense. • Podziel swój tekst na akapity.
6 I was also blown away by the incredibly / completely 3 Sprawdź, czy twój tekst:
realistic weather effects. • zawiera wszystkie informacje wymagane w
7 Also, ticket prices are absolutely / pretty high, but poleceniu,
I guess that’s to be expected. • jest poprawny, spójny i logiczny,
• mieści się w limicie 200–250 słów.

58 UNIT VOCABULARY PRACTICE > page 59 © Pearson Central Europe, 2020 High Note 4 (B2/B2+)
UNIT VOCABULARY PRACTICE 05
1 5A GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY Complete the 3 5D READING AND VOCABULARY Complete the pairs of
sentences with the words and phrases from the box. sentences with the correct form of the same word or
phrase.
colour-blind eyesight hearing loss keen sense of smell
make out sensitive palate short-sighted tell them apart 1 a She was put off by the idea of swimming after
seeing a crocodile in the water.
1 Our dog has an extremely keen sense of smell and can b You’ll be happy to hear we’re going to put off the
detect sausages from a great distance. test until next week.
2 Dancing with your head next to a nightclub speaker 2 a Our immediate neighbours are lovely, but the couple
can result in hearing loss . who live two doors down aren’t very friendly.
3 A food taster needs to have a very sensitive palate . b If you are bitten by a poisonous snake, you need
4 If someone is colour-blind , does it mean they see in immediate treatment.
black and white? 3 a After the explosion there was blind panic in the
5 I’m short-sighted which means I can’t see things in surrounding streets.
the distance, but I can read without glasses. b Simon started losing his sight when he was ten, and
6 Helen’s eyesight is very poor, so she has to wear very was completely blind by the age of sixteen.
thick glasses. 4 a The person who started this company had
7 Without my glasses, I can’t make out what the sign a vision which has now become reality.
says from here. b Gert has very little vision in his right eye.
8 The twins are so similar that I find it very difficult 5 a I didn’t realise how late it was – I have to go!
to tell them apart . b Only a lucky few actually realise their ambition of
becoming astronauts.
2 5B VOCABULARY Choose the correct words to complete 6 a The police officers had to pursue the thieves on
the sentences. foot for a short distance.
b We never wanted our only son to pursue
a career in the army.

4 5E LISTENING AND VOCABULARY Complete the text with

one word in each gap.
Tom and I couldn’t be more different when it comes
to our palates. I like 1mild food, whereas for Tom,
the spicier his food is, the better! He often says what
I order is bland. For him, if it’s not spicy, then it’s not
2
tasty . He’s a real fan of anything savoury, but
I prefer 3 sweet things. I would happily go straight
to the dessert every time! For breakfast we usually
have either peanut butter on toast or porridge. I like
my peanut butter smooth, but of course Tom prefers
it 4 crunchy . There is one thing we both agree on
though – we like our porridge watery and not 5 thick
like cement!

5 5G WRITING AND VOCABULARY Complete the sentences

with the adjectives from the box, adding correct
intensifiers. There are two extra adjectives.
awful brilliant deafening exhausted frightening
hilarious petrified proud
1 The strong stench / scent of fish at the docks is
overpowering as the boats unload their catch – some 1 Do I have to have an injection? I’m 1absolutely
people find it disgusting. petrified of needles!
2 The clouds were white and fluffy / sticky. 2 He was a/an exceptionally/totally/absolutely brilliant
3 As you enter Marina Restaurant, the mouth-watering / child. He graduated at the top of his class.
smelly aroma of garlic fills the air. 3 When she finished speaking, the applause was
4 My baby brother loves this prickly / squishy toy. It's so totally/absolutely/utterly/really deafening and she
soft and makes some funny noises. was extremely/exceptionally/really/very proud of
herself.
5 I scratched my hand on a prickly / coarse bush.
4 If you feel utterly/really/pretty/absolutely/totally
6 At this time of year, the gardens are filled with the exhausted all the time, you should go to see a doctor.
subtle scent / aroma of wild flowers.
5 The film was absolutely/totally/really/pretty awful . It’s
7 This particular blue cheese is a bit smelly / smooth, but a waste of time.
I wouldn't say it stinks / sizzles.
8 The hedgehog is a smooth / spiky animal. 6 ON A HIGH NOTE Write a short paragraph describing
your preferences when it comes to food.
© Pearson Central Europe, 2020 High Note 4 (B2/B2+) 59
 Unit self-check

GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY USE OF ENGLISH

1 Choose the correct words to complete the sentences. 4 Complete the sentences with the correct forms of
1 I can’t imagine living without my short-sighted / the words in brackets. Add any necessary words you
eyesight . need to make correct sentences.
2 The only way to tell the two houses apart / make the 1 I met my friend in the street and we stopped to chat
two houses out is to go inside and see how they are (stop / chat) for a few minutes.
decorated. 2 Kenneth saw someone fall over (see / someone / fall
3 There was a truly mouth-watering / keen smell coming over) their own dog this morning.
from the bakery. 3 The kitchen needs cleaning (need / clean), but I don’t
4 If you leave your football boots wet like that, they’ll have time now. Will you do it?
stink / stench even more than usual. 4 Penelope regrets promising (regret / promise) to help
5 Try our incredibly comfortable new range of coarse / now that she has seen how much there is to do.
silky underwear. 5 We can’t simply go on burning (go on / burn) fossil
/5 fuels as if they are harmless.
6 I tried to give up (try / give up) sweets last month but
2 Complete the sentences with one or two words in each I can't live without them.
gap. /5
1 My brother is colour-blind, so he can’t tell the
difference between colours. 5 Complete the sentences with the correct words
formed from the words in bold.
2 Immediate action is needed if we are going to halt
climate change – there’s no time to waste.
There are lots of things that bother me about my
3 I don’t like runny boiled eggs, so I always boil mine flatmate, Justine. First of all, she thinks she’s some
for at least five minutes. kind of food expert and is always going on about
4 Jack’s pizza was covered in chillies and was so how 1sensitive (SENSE) her palate is. This is particularly
spicy that it made him cry. annoying because she can’t cook to save her life.
5 It’s not pleasant to have such a keen sense of smell She made some brownies, but they were so 2 sticky
when you live somewhere so polluted. (STICK) that you couldn’t really pick them up. Her
cookies on the other hand are so 3 crunchy (CRUNCH)
6 The tiny kitten's coat was white and fluffy .
that I actually fear for my teeth. The other really
/5 annoying thing is that she never listens properly to
what I say. If I didn’t know better, I’d say she suffers
3 Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the from some kind of 4 hearing (HEAR) loss, but in fact,
words from the box. she’s just not that 5 interested (INTEREST) in me.
Finally, she wears too much of an extremely sweet
apply borrow eat go have think
and flowery perfume. The smell is completely
1 I can’t help thinking that I should have stayed at
6
overpowering (POWER) and stays in the flat for hours.
home.
2 We’d like to encourage you to apply for more than /5
one summer job.
6 Complete the second sentence using the word
3 My sister wouldn’t let me borrow her new hoodie. in bold so that it means the same as the first one. Use
4 I’ve lived in Spain for years, so I’m used to having between two and five words, including the word in bold.
a siesta in the afternoon. 1 Please stop humming that tune all the time. RATHER
5 It’s too hot to have a full meal at this time of day – I’d I’d rather you didn't hum that tune all the time.
rather eat something light.
2 My cat only allows me to tickle its belly. LET
6 I'll never forget going to that restaurant for the first
My cat doesn’t let anyone/anybody except me tickle
time.
its belly.
/5 3 Your parents didn’t answer, even though we called
them several times. TRIED
We tried calling your parents several times, but they
didn’t answer.
4 Halina doesn’t usually eat bitter-tasting foods. TENDS
Halina tends not to eat / tends to avoid bitter-tasting
foods.
5 Staying at home is the better option. SOONER
We would/’d sooner stay at home.
6 After the accident I no longer could do judo. STOP
After the accident I had to stop doing judo.
/5
/ 30
60 © Pearson Central Europe, 2020 High Note 4 (B2/B2+)
Matura self-check 05
1 Przetłumacz na język angielski fragmenty podane 3 Przeczytaj tekst. Z podanych odpowiedzi wybierz
w nawiasach, tak aby otrzymać zdania logiczne właściwą, tak aby otrzymać logiczny i gramatycznie
i gramatycznie poprawne. Wymagana jest pełna poprawny tekst. Zakreśl jedną z liter: a, b, c albo d.
poprawność ortograficzna wpisywanych fragmentów
zdań. W każdą lukę możesz wpisać maksymalnie sześć Guide dog
wyrazów.
Two months before graduating as a paramedic,
1 The factory has just released a statement (właśnie
Samantha fell ill and was taken to hospital with severe
wydała oświadczenie) relating to accusations that they
polluted the river. kidney failure. As a result of her illness, her sight failed
and she became visually 1 . By the time she finally
2 The procedure involves/requires carrying out (wymaga
came out of hospital, she had felt all her happiness go
przeprowadzenia) a test on at least twenty volunteers.
away. But instead of giving up, she was determined to
3 My friend said she would rather not try (wolałaby nie get her independence back. Before she started school,
próbować) pretzels with ketchup.
Samantha 2 her parents to let her have a puppy,
4 He entered the restaurant accompanied by his whole so when she lost her sight she applied for a guide dog
family (w towarzystwie całej swojej rodziny). straight away. That’s how she met Luka, a German
5 Remember to bring the water to the boil (doprowadzić shepherd. As soon as she heard it 3 up her road,
wodę do wrzenia) before you put noodles into it. she knew it was her dog. Samantha and Luka spent
6 If you want to cook this sauce, try simmering / to plenty of time together playing and training. Right
simmer it (spróbuj ugotować go na wolnym ogniu) to now, working part time and spending weekends with
avoid burning it. friends, Samantha 4 leading a completely normal
7 I’d rather you earned a living (abyś zarabiał na życie) life. Luka looks after her and helps her 5 the most
doing something useful. difficult situations.
8 I am slowly getting used to eating (powoli
przyzwyczajam się do jedzenia) spicy food. 1 a injured b impaired c damaged d neglected
9 The problems didn’t put her off (nie zniechęciły jej) 2 a has begged b was begging
and she pursued her dream of becoming an actress. c had been begging d has been begging
10 He was suspicious of my recipe (był podejrzliwy 3 a trotting b trot c to trot d was trotting
wobec mojego przepisu) for gnocchi with mushrooms. 4 a has got used to b gets used to
11 The guests stopped to greet the chef (zatrzymali się, c got used to d is getting used to
aby przywitać się z szefem kuchni) of the restaurant. 5 a follow b handle c deal d live
12 When communicating with the visually impaired / blind
(komunikując się z niewidomymi) you can use Braille.
4 Uzupełnij luki (1–5), wpisując jedno słowo
w każdą lukę w taki sposób, aby powstał spójny
2 Uzupełnij poniższe minidialogi (1–4), wybierając i logiczny tekst. Wymagana jest pełna poprawność
brakującą wypowiedź jednej z osób. Zakreśl literę a, b gramatyczna i ortograficzna wpisywanych wyrazów.
albo c.
1 X: Would you rather eat out or stay at home? Become a flexitarian and save the planet
Y: According to Nature, the rise of fatty, sugary and meat-
X: OK then, let’s have a takeaway. heavy diets is bringing 1 about dramatic changes
a I favour spicy food over mild. to the Earth’s entire ecosystem. Nevertheless, there is still
b It’s your call. hope. We can help the environment by becoming
c I’d rather we didn’t stay at home. flexitarians and following an adaptable, vegetable-
2 X: I find it hard to come to terms with the latest news. focused diet. If everyone did so, greenhouse gas emissions
Y: could be reduced by more than half, 2 which appears
X: It’s easy for you to say that. to be enough to save the ecosphere.
a The sooner you accept it, the better. So what exactly is flexitarianism? The idea is attributed
3
b You can always put it off. to expert on nutrition, Dawn Jackson Blatner. She
c Yes, I see. Can you change it? came up with it so people would be able to enjoy the
3 X: So, what was your parents’ reaction? health benefits associated with vegetarian food while
Y: continuing to eat small amounts of meat. That’s where
X: Really? Why? the name comes from – it’s a combination of flexible
a They told me off. and vegetarian.
b They were lost in thought. There are no set rules in the diet. Some flexitarians have
c They didn’t take offence. one meat-free day a week, while others 4 take
on a bigger challenge and only eat meat occasionally.
4 X: What is your favourite smell? 5
Y: Given the choice, most people on the diet try to
X: That’s what I was going to say, too. substitute animal proteins with vegetarian staples, and
reach for food that is ethically sourced and
a I have some second thoughts about fresh bread.
environmentally friendly.
b I’m torn between fresh coffee and vanilla.
c I don’t have a keen sense of smell.

© Pearson Central Europe, 2020 High Note 4 (B2/B2+) 61

 Matura practice test 1

SŁUCHANIE
1 23 Usłyszysz dwukrotnie trzy teksty. Z podanych
odpowiedzi wybierz właściwą, zgodną z treścią
nagrania. Zakreśl literę a, b albo c.
Tekst 1.
What is the speaker doing?
a expressing dissatisfaction with her generation
b explaining reasons for a certain phenomenon
c arguing about the best age to get married

Tekst 2.
What are the speakers discussing?
a new trends in environmentally friendly packaging
b product packaging policies introduced by
supermarkets
c the impact of different packaging materials on
the environment

Tekst 3.
Which of the following is stated in the text as
an opinion, not a fact?
a There is little biographical information about
Shakespeare.
b There are several candidates for the title of
the greatest English writer.
c There is no evidence that Shakespeare wrote all his
works himself.

CZYTANIE
2 Przeczytaj tekst, z którego usunięto cztery fragmenty.
Wpisz w każdą lukę (1–4) literę, którą oznaczono
brakujący fragment (A–E), tak aby otrzymać spójny
i logiczny tekst. Jeden fragment został podany
dodatkowo i nie pasuje do żadnej luki.
A When the inclusive emoji were first introduced in
2015 there were fears that the icons could be used
inappropriately or abusively, and could even increase
racial tensions.
B A study, published in Social Psychological and
Personality Science, advised that people should avoid
emoji in a professional context altogether.
C The vast majority (94 per cent) of respondents believe
there has been a decline in the correct use of English,
with four in five identifying youngsters as the worst
culprits.
D Moreover, emoji tend to breed laziness. If people
think that all they need to do is send a picture, our
language will quickly become very limited.
E However, one expert has warned that, while there
is a “superficial attraction” to using emoji, they are
among the most damaging aspects of communication
technology.

62 © Pearson Central Europe, 2020 High Note 4 (B2/B2+)

 01–05
ZNAJOMOŚĆ ŚRODKÓW JĘZYKOWYCH 3 You should not use a mobile phone while filling up
your car. NO
3 Przeczytaj tekst. Z podanych odpowiedzi wybierz Under no circumstances should you use a mobile
właściwą, tak aby otrzymać logiczny i gramatycznie phone while filling up your car.
poprawny tekst. Zakreśl jedną z liter: a, b, c albo d. 4 Causing her extra pain was not my intention at all.
MEAN
Debunking I really didn’t mean to cause her extra pain.
common
food myths MÓWIENIE
There are plenty of 5 Podczas pobytu w Wielkiej Brytanii ty i twój brytyjski
myths surrounding kolega rozmawiacie na temat wpływu różnych
frozen food, with czynników na obraz współczesnej rodziny. Poniżej
one of the most podane są cztery kwestie, które musisz omówić
popular 1 w rozmowie z egzaminującym.
that it is less nutritious
than fresh produce. Praca zawodowa
This is now held to be false, and the opposite may
in fact be true. Frozen fruits and vegetables are Wzory i normy obyczajowe
often frozen at the point of harvest (or very soon
after) meaning that they preserve many of their
nutrients. 2 , “fresh” foods may have been Autorytet rodziców i dziadków
in storage for days or even weeks before they make
it to the supermarket shelves.
Another common myth is that gluten-free food is Podział obowiązków domowych
automatically healthy. Despite numerous bloggers
touting going wheat-free as the secret to healthy Rozmowę zaczyna zdający.
living, the truth is that 3 all gluten is unlikely
to make you healthier. A gluten-free cake is still
6 Opisz poniższą ilustrację i odpowiedz na pytania 1–3.
a cake, and may be even less healthy than the one
containing gluten, as baking gluten-free goods
could 4 extra ingredients and processing
to resemble their wheaten counterparts, resulting
in higher levels of sugar and fat.

1 a has been b to be
c being d having been
2 a Conversely b Specifically
c Consequently d Admittedly
3 a cutting out b passing on
c taking in d dropping down
4 a tolerate b provide 1 Why do you think the people are engaged in this
c expect d require activity?
2 How important for you is it to protect the natural
4 Wykorzystując wyrazy podane wielkimi literami, environment?
uzupełnij każde zdanie z luką, tak aby zachować sens
zdania wyjściowego (1– 4). W każdą lukę można 3 Tell me about an environmental project or activity
wpisać maksymalnie pięć wyrazów, wliczając wyraz in which you or a friend took part.
już podany. Wymagana jest pełna poprawność
ortograficzna i gramatyczna wpisywanych fragmentów PISANIE
zdań. Nie zmieniaj formy podanych wyrazów.
1 She’s been studying so hard that it’s almost certain
7 Coraz więcej ludzi uważa, że media powinny być
cenzurowane ze względu na rozprzestrzenianie się
she’ll sail through the exams. BOUND
w nich nieprawdziwych i nierzetelnych informacji.
She’s been studying so hard that she is bound to sail
Napisz rozprawkę, w której przedstawisz swoją
through the exams.
opinię na ten temat, rozważając go z punktu widzenia
2 When I first met Mark, he gave the impression of being odbiorców wiadomości i ich nadawców.
very immature. ACROSS
When I first met Mark, he came across as (being) very Wypowiedź powinna zawierać od 200 do 250 słów i spełniać
immature. wszystkie wymogi typowe dla formy wskazanej w poleceniu.

© Pearson Central Europe, 2020 High Note 4 (B2/B2+) 63

 06 Where we live

6A GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY

Modal and related verbs
1 Match the underlined modal verbs in sentences 1–10
with their functions a–g.
1 c You have to make your bed at a youth hostel.
2 d You must not take room keys out of the hotel.
3 g I could swim like a fish at the age of four.
4 c If there's a fire, you must use the stairs, not the lift.
5 f You don’t have to switch on the light – it’s automatic.
6 b If you can’t come on time, will you let me know?
4 USE OF ENGLISH Choose the correct words a–c to
7 b We weren’t able to deliver your parcel today complete the text.
because you weren’t at home.
8 a Children may only enter the place with an adult. VISITING THAIL AND
9 f You needn’t worry about noise – it’s a quiet street.
There are certain things you 1 know before
10 e You ought to book online, it’s cheaper. visiting Thailand. Thai people are often a lot more
a permission laid back than the average tourist, so you 2
lose your temper and you 3 raise your voice or
b lack of ability
shout at anyone in public. Thai people never point
c obligation and necessity the soles of their feet at anyone or anything, so
d prohibition you 4 never sit with your feet up on a table, for
e duty and advice example. Men should have on a top of some sort,
f no obligation/no necessity though they 5 worry about this when at the
g ability beach. Everyone is 6 to cover their shoulders
and knees before entering a temple. Finally,
2 Choose the correct forms to complete the sentences. remember that it is 7 to say anything negative
1 We only moved in a week ago and we’ve already about the royal family because you can get into
managed / forbidden to get to know the neighbours. serious trouble.
2 Only local residents are required / permitted to park in
the streets here. 1 a ought to b don’t have to c are able to
3 You are allowed / supposed to sort your rubbish way 2 a couldn’t b mustn’t c don’t have to
more carefully than that, Helen. 3 a needn’t b couldn’t c shouldn’t
4 The city has succeeded / obliged in reducing the crime 4 a have to b should c could
rate significantly. 5 a mustn’t b can’t c needn’t
5 Glass is strictly forbidden / permitted in the swimming 6 a required b allowed c forbidden
pool area.
7 a permitted b forbidden c obliged
3 Rewrite the sentences so that they have the
5 Complete the sentences with the correct forms of
opposite meaning.
be able to or have to.
1 We have to arrive exactly on time.
1 Unfortunately, we weren't able to see the new flat
We don't have to/needn't arrive exactly on time. because they’d lost the key.
2 You mustn’t wear jeans in the restaurant. 2 Good news! Gran will be able to come next weekend.
You can/may wear jeans in the restaurant. 3 We didn’t have to pay for the garage; it was for free.
3 Customers may park here. 4 Tina? Sorry, I’m going to be late. I haven’t been able to
Customers may not/can’t/mustn’t/are not allowed to/ find a parking space yet.
are not permitted to park here. 5 Don’t worry! You don’t/won’t have to book the
4 I couldn’t find my glasses. tickets. I’ll take care of everything.
I was able to/managed to find my glasses.

64 © Pearson Central Europe, 2020 High Note 4 (B2/B2+)

 06
6 Complete the mini-conversations with the forms 8 Complete the notice with one word in each gap.
in bold. Sometimes more than one answer is possible.

HAVE TO / OUGHT TO / MUSTN'T / BE ABLE TO

Mina I 1mustn't forget to collect that parcel from the
post office today.
Salman You 2 ought to write yourself a note.
Mina Would you 3 be able to do it, Salman? You’re
nothing like as busy as me.
Salman Well, I suppose so, if I 4 have to .

ALLOWED TO / MUST / REQUIRED TO / MAY

Kaia Am I 5 required to pay a deposit before
I move in to my room?
Manager Yes, all students 6 must pay two months’ rent
in advance.
Kaia And 7 may I pay that with a credit card?
Manager No, sorry. I’m only 8 allowed to accept cash or
a bank transfer.

HAVEN'T BEEN ABLE TO / SUPPOSED TO / COULDN'T/

SUCCEEDED IN
Ludger You were 9 supposed to video call me, Scarlet.
What happened?
Scarlet I 10 couldn’t find your details, Ludger. Didn’t you
see my email?
Ludger I 11 haven’t been able to log on since yesterday.
Something’s wrong.
Scarlet Sometimes, I think technology has only
12
succeeded in making life more complicated!

7 USE OF ENGLISH Complete the second sentence

using the word in bold so that it means the same as the
HOSTEL RULES
We hope you have a great stay here at the
first one. Use between two and five words, including Travellers Rest Hostel. For your safety and comfort
the word in bold. here are a few guidelines we ask you to follow.
1 In Spain, you should eat an orange with a knife and
fork. SUPPOSED 1 Only paying guests are allowed/permitted in the
In Spain, you are supposed to eat an orange with kitchen, lounge and bedroom areas.
a knife and fork. 2 Use of portable audio speakers is completely
2 You can’t bring pets on the train. PERMITTED forbidden/banned throughout the hostel.
Pets are not permitted on the train. 3 All guests are required/obliged to keep noise to
3 I was able to pick up the language quickly. SUCCEEDED a minimum after 10 p.m.
I succeeded in picking up the language quickly. 4 Guests must leave the kitchen area clean and
4 In the UK, it isn’t necessary to carry an ID card. REQUIRED tidy after use. No exceptions!
You are not required to carry an ID card in the UK. 5 Animals are not permitted/allowed in the hostel.
5 How many bags can I take on the aeroplane? ALLOWED 6 Guests mustn’t leave food behind when they
How many bags am I allowed to take on the aeroplane? check out of the hostel. Please put any unused
6 At my previous school, mobile phones were not food in our box for the homeless.
allowed. FORBIDDEN 7 If you are not happy with anything at the hostel,
We were forbidden to use/have mobile phones at my you should tell a member of staff immediately.
previous school. 8 If you aren’t able to find a member of staff,
please call +01 509 509 509.
ENJOY YOUR STAY!

9 ON A HIGH NOTE Write a paragraph about the things you

are and aren’t allowed to do at your school/college.

© Pearson Central Europe, 2020 High Note 4 (B2/B2+) UNIT VOCABULARY PRACTICE > page 73 65
 6B LISTENING AND VOCABULARY
1 24 Listen to a radio interview with a pupil Pronunciation
at a boarding school and tick the topic that is NOT
mentioned. 4 25 Listen to some sentences from the radio
interview in Exercise 1. What happens to the sounds
1 international students 4 ✓ exams /t/ and /d/ in the underlined phrases?
2 independence 5 free time
1 Tilly, you board at a well-known school in Exeter,
3 homesickness don’t you?
2 How much of your time, would you say, is spent on
2 24 Listen again and choose the correct answers.
academic study?
1 What was the most important factor in Tilly’s decision
3 You mentioned how important your extra-curricular
to go to boarding school?
activities are.
a The influence of her parents.
4 You get used to it though, and I’ve found that it helps
b Her wish to experience a more independent lifestyle. me to focus.
c The non-academic opportunities that boarding When followed by /j/, the sounds /t/ and /d/ alter to /ʧ/ and
school provides. /ʤ/ respectively. This happens because the tongue moves
closer to the palate in order to be closer to the position it
2 What does Tilly say about academic study at boarding takes in the /j/ sound.
school?
a It’s not as challenging as most people believe. ACTIVE PRONUNCIATION
Assimilation of /t/ + /j/ and /d/ + /j/ sounds
b Success is respected by boarding school pupils.
When English speakers talk quickly, they do not always
c Nobody manages to stay completely silent during
pause in between each word; they link different sounds
evening study.
and words together into connected speech. Sometimes
3 What kind of extra-curricular activities does Tilly prefer? two sounds blend together to form a completely new
a special interest groups sound. This often happens with /t/ and /j/, which come
b music lessons together to become /ʧ/ (as in choose), and with /d/ and /j/
which become /ʤ/ (as in jeans).
c sports and fitness
• I met ‿ you. (/t/ becomes /ʧ/)
4 How does Tilly feel about being away from home?
• He told ‿ you. (/d/ becomes /ʤ/)
a It doesn’t bother her.
b It has made friendships more important.
c It has made her closer to her parents. 5 26 Listen and notice how the sounds /t/ and /d/
5 What does Tilly say is the most important thing for change. Practise saying the words in isolation and in
boarders to do at weekends? phrases.
a resting b going home c leaving the campus 1 hold hold you
2 did did you
Vocabulary extension 3 would would you
4 meet meet you
3 Complete one listener’s comment with the adjectives
from the box, which you heard in the recording in 5 hit hit you
Exercise 1. Use a dictionary to help you if necessary. 6 get get you
diverse extra-curricular marvellous obligatory 6 27 Tick the sentences in which the sounds /t/ and
rigid strict /d/ change in the underlined phrases. Listen and check.
Then practise saying the sentences.
1 ✓ Would you mind opening the window?
What a(n) marvellous interview! I really enjoyed
1 2 ✓ All the postmen hate your aggressive dog.
listening to Tilly. She made me realise I’m 3 We aren’t open yet!
behind the times. I thought that the students 4 ✓ Act your age!
at boarding school had to live according to very 5 ✓ Did you know his old roommate?
2
rigid rules with a lot of really 3 strict teachers
shouting at the pupils. You know – the kind of 7 Read the sentences. Underline the phrases in which
assimilation of the sounds from Active Pronunciation
thing we read about in novels where everyone occurs. Then practise saying the sentences.
has a(n) 4 obligatory cold shower every morning! 1 I can’t wait to meet your new neighbour.
And I was surprised to hear about how many 2 What can I get you for the house-warming party?
5
extra-curricular activities are offered to the 3 Would you like to attend a boarding school?
students; I’d like to try canoeing or coding myself! 4 We need your address to deliver your furniture.
It was really interesting to hear about the 6 diverse 5 You’re prepared to share a room, aren’t you?
range of nationalities among the students. Good
luck, Tilly!

66 UNIT VOCABULARY PRACTICE > page 73 © Pearson Central Europe, 2020 High Note 4 (B2/B2+)
6C GRAMMAR 06
Articles 4 Complete the signs and notices with a, an, the or Ø
(no article).
1 Cross out the where it is NOT necessary.
1 Have you ever been to the United States or the
Canada? WELCOME TO 1Ø BELGIUM.
2 You should spend less on the clothes and more on the
food.
3 I don’t really like the hot drinks like the tea or the coffee.
4 If I could live anywhere in the world, I would
STATUE OF LIBERTY IS
2
The
definitely choose somewhere in the Asia. CLOSED FOR MAINTENANCE TODAY.
5 The moon shone down on the Mount Kilimanjaro that
night.
6 The London Zoo is a very popular tourist attraction.
7 The sea in the Caribbean is the bluest sea I’ve seen
Save 3
the Pacific Ocean!
since I was in the Thailand.
8 The fastest way to get to Manchester is to fly directly
into the Manchester airport. Raspberries £3 a kilo. 4

2 What do the underlined words refer to? Choose B

for a building or I for an institution.
1 Spending time in hospital is especially difficult
for children. B/I BELIEVE IN 5
Ø EUROPE!
2 The hospital is an important landmark in our town. B/I
3 Matilda always loved school. B/I
4 Akash walks past the school every morning. B/I 6
IRISH STUDENTS DEMAND
Ø
5 Turn right when you see the front gates of the CHEAPER UNIVERSITY FEES!
university and the garage is on your left. B/I
6 Mel isn’t going to university immediately. B/I
7 I’ve always found the prison very scary with its We have the best 7
high walls and barred windows.
8 The thought of a year in prison was terrifying.
B/I
B/I sandwiches in town.
9 Students go to college when they leave school. B/I
10 Dion’s father works near the college. B/I THIS POST BOX IS
3 Choose the correct options to complete the text. EMPTIED TWICE a DAY. 8

I had never seen 1 a / the tourist attraction like 2a / the 5 Complete the telephone conversation with a, an,
one which we visited while on holiday in 3the / Ø the or Ø (no article).
St Blazey – a small town in 4 the / Ø south of 5the / Ø
Cornwall, UK. The Eden Project is 6 a / Ø complex made Olga Hi, Theo! How are you? I hear you’ve moved into
up of enormous ‘bubbles’ called Biomes and 7the / Ø
1
a new flat. How is it?
huge outdoor gardens. Inside one of the Biomes Theo Olga! It’s nice to hear from you. 2 The flat
there is 8 the / a world's largest indoor rainforest. The is great. My room is a bit small, but it’s only €200
Eden Projects helps you understand how plants and 3
a month, so I can’t complain, and I’ve got 4 Ø
9
the / Ø people are connected. I would recommend it really nice flatmates too. There’s Cleo from 5 the
to anyone visiting 10 the / Ø area. USA and Arnau from 6 Ø Andorra.
Olga Err … where?
Theo It’s a little country in 7 the Pyrenees. Arnau says
it’s beautiful.
Olga It sounds like a real international community
you’ve got in your flat. Where exactly is it?
Theo It’s on 8 Ø Cambridge Lane, near
9
the university accommodation building. Would
you like to come round for 10 a cup of tea and
a look round?
Olga I’d love to. What number is it?

6 ON A HIGH NOTE Write a paragraph about

a well-known city in your country.

© Pearson Central Europe, 2020 High Note 4 (B2/B2+) 67

 6D READING AND VOCABULARY
1 Look at the photos and quickly read the article. In which 5 Complete the sentences with the words from Exercise 4.
paragraph can you read about each of the photos? 1 It’s hard to keep your dignity when you’re living on
Photo A – Paragraph D the streets.
Photo B – Paragraph E 2 The mosquitoes in this area are such a nuisance .
Photo C – Paragraph B 3 We found shelter from the rain in a shop doorway.
4 The government has begun a new initiative to tackle
2 Read the article again and match headings 1–6 with teenage homelessness.
paragraphs B–E. There are two extra headings.
5 The city's approach to homelessness needs reviewing
1 Cultural needs as the number of people without their own place is
2 A place to call your own increasing.
3 Don't take things for granted
4 Personal hygiene ACTIVE VOCABULARY | Nouns ending in -ness
5 Temporary shelter
We can add the suffix -ness to an adjective to describe
6 Need for a long-term solution
a state:
3 Read the article again and match questions 1–6 • homelessness = the state of being homeless
with paragraphs A–F. • tiredness = the state of being tired
In which paragraph does the author … Sometimes spelling changes are necessary (e.g. happy –
happiness).
1 F describe a common negative attitude towards
homelessness?
2 C give an example of a scheme that helps homeless 6 Complete the sentences with nouns formed from the
people survive when temperatures are low? adjectives from the box. Use a dictionary to check
3 B refer to the importance of feeling safe in your own spelling.
home?
aware conscious dark grumpy lonely nervous
4 E describe an initiative started by a person who had playful
a first-hand experience in living on the streets?
5 D give details of efforts to help homeless people feel 1 Research shows that friendship is important and that
less separated from the rest of society? loneliness can cause ill-health.
6 A mention a country in which homelessness isn't 2 This publicity campaign aims to raise people’s
a problem? awareness of common dangers around the home.
3 She lost consciousness for a few moments after
Vocabulary extension hitting her head on the cupboard door.
4 The best thing about our new puppy is its playfulness .
4 Match the highlighted words from the text with the
5 The prisoners were kept in cramped cells and almost
definitions.
total darkness .
1 Someone or something annoying. nuisance
6 You could sense the students’ nervousness as they
2 Self-respect, feeling proud of yourself. dignity waited for the exam to begin.
3 Protection from danger or the weather. shelter 7 In the end, his friends didn’t want to hang out with him
4 Plan or process to achieve an aim or solve a problem. because of his regular bad moods and grumpiness .
initiative
5 A way of dealing with a problem. approach 7 ON A HIGH NOTE Find out what programmes/schemes
for the homeless are available in your area. Write
a short paragraph about your findings.

B
A

68 UNIT VOCABULARY PRACTICE > page 73 © Pearson Central Europe, 2020 High Note 4 (B2/B2+)
 Helping 06
the homeless
A D4
Homelessness is a worldwide problem that affects almost Cleanliness falls down the list of priorities when you
all societies in countries both rich and poor. A 2017 report don’t know where you are going to sleep at night.
showed that the problem has reached crisis point in all Hygiene can return people’s dignity, make them feel
European countries except Finland where the number human again and reduce their sense of isolation. In
of the homeless fell sharply. Although people who are San Francisco, a non-profit organisation called Lava
unemployed or on a low-income are more likely to Mae has converted buses and other vehicles into
be affected, all sorts of people can end up living on mobile shower units for the homeless. On the other
the streets as a result of a wide variety of unfortunate side of the Atlantic, British hairdresser Josh Coombes
circumstances. Governments attempt to tackle the offers free haircuts to homeless people on the streets.
problem with varying degrees of success. In many places He also works with a generous vet who provides care
charitable organisations and concerned individuals and treatment to homeless people’s dogs. Josh’s
need to provide immediate relief from the hardship of aim was to inspire others to help and he has certainly
a life without shelter. Some of the schemes and solutions succeeded as his initiative has now gone global.
proposed by such people show surprising creativity E1
based on a good understanding of what is needed. There ought to be more to life than just food and shelter,
B2 and having nowhere to live doesn’t necessarily mean
To state the obvious, what homeless people require is you lose interest in things like reading and music. In Sao
somewhere to live and, ideally, feel at home. You only truly Paulo, Brazil, a former builder who was homeless himself
value the sense of security that comes from being able for many years began a ‘bicycle library’ – cycling
to lock your door behind you when you no longer have round the city and lending books to homeless people.
a door to lock. A number of schemes around the world Robson Mendonça can carry 300 books on his bicycle
try to provide long-term or permanent accommodation and in his first year he made over 107,000 loans from
for those without homes of their own. In California for his collection of 30,000 donated books. Back in the
example, a kind-hearted builder has tackled the problem UK, in the city of Manchester, a scheme to encourage
by using discarded materials to build compact temporary homeless people to get involved in the arts has helped
homes for the homeless. Gregory Kloehn’s mobile homes them express themselves through poetry, photography
all come on wheels and manage to combine responsible and even opera. Participants have reported feeling
recycling with a charitable solution for people in need of an increased sense of purpose as a result.
a roof over their heads. F
C5 Homeless people are seldom respected in society. All
Where it is not possible to provide permanent structures too often, they are seen as a nuisance or as failures
such as housing for the homeless, other short-term solutions and are ignored, or looked down upon. Thankfully,
are needed. Many homeless people become ill and some individuals and organisations such as the ones
even lose their lives if they are forced to sleep outside during mentioned above have taken a more understanding
the cold months of winter. Michael Rakowitz, a New York approach. Their generosity and their creativity have
artist, has come up with an ingenious solution that uses the helped make a real difference to the lives of those who
heat given off by buildings in the city where he is based. are trying to survive without a roof over their heads.
His shelters are filled with hot air from the buildings’ heating
systems and provide warmth and cover for their owners.

© Pearson Central Europe, 2020 High Note 4 (B2/B2+) 69

 6E VOCABULARY | Household problems and solutions
1 Match the two parts of the sentences. 4 Complete the sentences with one word in each
1 c Hello? Reception? Yes, I think the showerhead in gap.
our bathroom is 1 We’re doing up my bedroom and we need some
2 f Every Christmas we spend ages trying to undo the masking tape so we can paint straight lines.
tangled 2 When you’ve finished making your lunch, take the
3 d Their beautiful new dining room table was ruined dishcloth and wipe down the kitchen surfaces.
by a circular water 3 The best way to deal with stains and tough patches
4 b What kind of people would smash bottles and of dirt is to soak the item of clothing in warm water
leave shattered and soap.
5 a Well, of course a wool jumper will shrink 4 I came across this jar in the bottom of the freezer,
but I’m not sure what’s in it because I forgot to
6 e Once the screen on your phone becomes as
label it.
a if you wash it at 90 degrees! 5 My cat Edgar always chases the mop around when
b glass all over a children’s playground? I try to mop up the kitchen floor.
c blocked because there’s hardly any water coming out. 6 Carefully pick up the bigger pieces of broken glass,
d stain from a glass that someone put down during the then use the dustpan and brush to sweep the
house-warming party. rest up.
e scratched as this, it’s very difficult to make out any 7 Rub the surface with a soft cloth until all the
messages or pictures. fingerprints have completely disappeared.
f leads of the Christmas tree lights. 8 The dishwasher has broken down and I’m afraid if
I open the door, water will flood out into the
2 Choose the correct words to complete the sentences. kitchen.
In one sentence both answers are possible.
1 Always remember to switch off the electricity before
5 Complete the note with one word in each gap.
Sometimes more than one answer is possible.
you replace / fix a light bulb.
2 Please don’t spill blackcurrant juice on anything as it's
impossible to mend / get rid of the stains. Jobs for Julia
3 You should repair / replace your dishcloth every week
as it gets full of bacteria. Hi, Julia. Thanks so much for offering to help out. You
4 Why get rid of / do up a perfectly good lamp when you can do as many or as few of the following jobs as you
could easily mend it with some superglue? want. No pressure!
5 My uncle managed to fix / repair the vacuum cleaner, • We need to get 1rid of all the old bits of wood in
so we don’t need to buy a new one. the back yard somehow; either on a fire or at the
6 Xiu knows how to mend / replace simple electric rubbish dump.
appliances like toasters and kettles.
7 We’ve decide to do up / soak my little sister’s bedroom
• The 2 showerhead is blocked in the downstairs
as a birthday present. bathroom and the lock on the door is broken. I’ve
bought a new lock of the same type, so could you
3 Replace the underlined parts with pronouns. 3
replace the broken one?
Make any other necessary changes.
• The old BBQ in the back garden is really dirty and
1 I’ll wipe down the table.
needs to be wiped 4 down . Plus, one of its legs is
I'll wipe it down.
broken and needs to be 5 fixed/mended/repaired if
2 We’re doing up the kitchen.
possible.
We’re doing it up.
• Before we repaint the kitchen, the edges of the
3 I came across this ring when I was vacuuming.
cupboards need covering with masking 6 tape .
I came across it when I was vacuuming.
4 The cushions don’t go with the sofa. • The lawn mower 7 broke down last week – not sure if
The cushions don’t go with it. you’ll be able to 8 fix/mend/repair it, but you could
5 It’s hard to keep up with the cleaning. have a look if you’ve got time.
It’s hard to keep up with it. Thank you so much! I will repay the favour.
6 Could you clear up the broken glass? G
Could you clear it up?
7 When will they carry out the repairs?
When will they carry them out? 6 ON A HIGH NOTE Write a note to someone describing
five jobs that need doing around your house. These can
be real or invented.

70 UNIT VOCABULARY PRACTICE > page 73 © Pearson Central Europe, 2020 High Note 4 (B2/B2+)
6F SPEAKING 06
1 Read the phrases. How do you say them in Polish? 3 Rewrite the sentences starting with the words given.
1 I switch off the electricity first.
SPEAKING | Giving instructions What I do is switch off the electricity first.
2 You put the dirty clothes in the laundry basket.
EXPLAINING WHAT TO DO
All you (have to) do is put the dirty clothes in the
It’s advisable to tidy your room at least once a week. laundry basket.
The first thing you do is make your bed. 3 It works with solar power.
When/Once you’ve done that, pick up all the clothes The way it works is with solar power.
from the floor.
4 I cleaned the chair.
What you do is fold the clean clothes and put them away.
What I did was clean the chair.
All you have to do is vacuum your room if you have
5 You pick it up and it switches on automatically.
a carpet.
All you do is pick it up and it switches on automatically.
The key/main thing to remember is to keep things in
their proper places. 6 You open it by pressing this button.
It’s vital/essential that you only keep the things you The way you open it is by pressing this button.
really need.
4 USE OF ENGLISH Complete the conversation with one
Make sure the windows are clean. word in each gap.
The next step is to wipe down all the surfaces. Dani Argh! I’ve never been able to use chopsticks.
The way you do it is with a clean cloth and some Chen What you 1do is rest one on your ring finger and
cleaning fluid. hold it with the lower part of your thumb.
EXPLAINING WHAT NOT TO DO Dani Like this?
Make sure you don’t forget to empty the vacuum Chen Yes, but there’s no 2 need to hold it so tightly.
cleaner. Make 3 sure your hand is relaxed. OK, and the
Be careful not to put everything into one bin. next 4 step/thing is to rest the second chopstick
between your middle finger and your index finger,
Try to avoid getting distracted when you’re cleaning. then hold it with the upper part of your thumb.
I’d advise you not to take your smartphone into the Dani OK, so like this?
room with you.
Chen Yes, but try to 5 avoid holding it so tightly. The
There’s no need to use many cleaning products. 6
way you do it is to rest it on your fingers and
Whatever you do, don’t use a dirty cloth. hold it with your thumb.
FINISHING THE INSTRUCTIONS Dani OK.
And that’s it. Chen And once you’ve 7 done that, use your middle and
index fingers to control the second chopstick and
And that’s all there is to it! hold the food against the first one. And that’s 8 it !
Dani Thanks, Chen. And I guess it’s 9 advisable to
2 Complete the leaflet about recycling with the words practise with something other than food?
from the box. Chen Well, I think it’s best to practise with food, but I’d
essential it main not sure thing
10
advise you not to start in public! Practise at
home first. I know it seems difficult now, but you’ll
soon be able to pick up a single grain of rice.
DOS AND DON'TS Dani We’ll see about that!
OF HOUSEHOLD 5 ON A HIGH NOTE Write a short dialogue between two
RECYCLING friends in which one is giving instructions to the other.
1 The first thing you do is collect all
your glass and metal containers,
and wash them out quickly.
2 The main thing to remember is that the ‘recycling
triangle’ symbol shows which items can be recycled.
3 It’s essential that you wrap broken glass in
newspaper so the binmen don’t cut themselves.
4 Make sure you don’t throw any food waste into
the recycling bin.
5 Be careful not to get any newspaper or
cardboard wet.
6 And that’s all there is to it !

© Pearson Central Europe, 2020 High Note 4 (B2/B2+) 71

 6G WRITING | A report

Report: Investing in our school

Aims
Give your report a simple and
concise title. This report is 1intended to identify areas for improvement to our school and
make suggestions for how to achieve them. Seventy students 2 took part in the
survey.
Begin with an introduction A Classrooms
explaining the purpose of the Many students 3 expressed a wish for coat hooks to be provided in classrooms.
report and how you obtained Several people also suggested that new flooring was needed in the science labs.
the information. B Outdoor areas
Almost all the students were of the 4 opinion that the bike and scooter parking
area is in need of renovation. Many 5 felt that a roof to protect vehicles from
Use headings, and if heat and rain would be a welcome improvement.
appropriate, bullet points to C Canteen
make it easier to read. 6
Regarding the canteen, approximately three quarters of students are happy
with both the space itself and the food on offer.
D Technology
Report the opinions of the
Very 7 few students are satisfied with the strength of the wi-fi signal in the main
people who were interviewed.
school building. The current system is old and slow. A 8 significant number of
sixth-formers requested USB charging points be fitted in their common room.
Use quantifiers to present E Eco-friendliness
statistics or report a survey. The 9 vast majority of students are satisfied with the school’s efforts to be
eco-friendly. However, over half the students agreed that the school should
invest in more plants and trees to help reduce our carbon footprint.
Make a recommendation in the Conclusion and recommendations
conclusion. Taking everything into 10 consideration , it appears that the priorities are to
provide coat hooks in classrooms, improve the bike and scooter parking area,
strengthen the wi-fi signal in the main building and invest in more plants and
trees. With regard to USB charging points, I would recommend investigating
the potential cost before making a decision.

1 Complete the report with the words and phrases from

ACTIVE WRITING | Raport
the box.
1 Zaplanuj swój raport:
consideration expressed felt few intended • Zrób notatki dotyczące aspektów prowadzenia klubu
opinion regarding significant took part vast sportowego, które mogłyby się znaleźć w ankiecie.
• Zastanów się, jakie problemy mogą być z nimi
2 Rewrite the sentences to make them correct. One związane, i pomyśl nad możliwymi rozwiązaniami.
sentence is correct.
2 Napisz swój raport:
1 We asked twenty club members and several them felt
• Stosuj bezosobowy styl formalny. Opinie
the prices were too high.
ankietowanych przytaczaj za pomocą
We asked twenty club members and several of them
odpowiednich określeń liczby i ilości.
felt the prices were too high.
• Wykorzystaj zwroty z tabeli Writing (Student’s Book,
2 A handful the younger tennis players disagreed with
str. 86).
the suggestion that the courts were old-fashioned.
A handful of the younger tennis players disagreed with • Zadbaj o układ graficzny swojego tekstu. Podziel go
the suggestion that the courts were old-fashioned. na akapity.
3 All the women we spoke to said the changing rooms • Pamiętaj, aby w ostatnim akapicie podsumować
needed decorating. raport i podać rekomendacje.
Correct.
4 The majority gym users would prefer not to have 3 Sprawdź, czy twój tekst:
music playing in the gym. • zawiera wszystkie informacje wymagane w
The majority of gym users would prefer not to have poleceniu,
music playing in the gym.
• jest poprawny, spójny i logiczny,
3 WRITING TASK Write a report. • zawiera różnorodne słownictwo charakterystyczne
During a work placement at a sports club you carried out a survey dla danego tematu.
among members asking how to improve the club. Write a report
about what needs to be improved and make suggestions.

72 © Pearson Central Europe, 2020 High Note 4 (B2/B2+)

UNIT VOCABULARY PRACTICE 06
1 6A GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY Complete the 3 6D READING AND VOCABULARY Replace the underlined
sentences with one word in each gap. parts with the words from the box.
1 There are way more shops here than where we live. airy compact densely-populated excess
2 Location is far more important than anything else medium-sized vast
when choosing where to live.
3 House prices are marginally lower than they were 1 I don’t know how a family of four manages to cram
last month. into this tiny space. compact
4 Their flat is miles more modern than ours, but not 2 Our old house had a huge garden. vast
as big. 3 The flat we are buying is neither small nor large.
5 The second student room we looked at was medium-sized
considerably more expensive than the first. 4 With all the windows open the kitchen was light and
6 The area where we live is a lot older than this one. fresh. airy
7 The view from our balcony is nowhere near as nice 5 I wouldn’t want to live anywhere as full of people as
as this. Tokyo. densely-populated
8 The weather here is nothing like as wet as in England. 6 We use the spare room to keep our extra clothes and
books in. excess
9 Singapore is significantly smaller than my country.
10 These stairs are a bit steeper than the ones at our 4 6E VOCABULARY Choose the correct words to complete
house. the sentences.
1 We can’t afford a new washing machine, but maybe
2 6B LISTENING AND VOCABULARY Complete the adverts your dad would be able to the old one?
with the words from the box.
a fix b remove c label
down home move remotely roots settle spaces 2 Kevin remembered to switch off the electricity before
he the light bulb.
a rubbed b replaced c decorated
Are you the type of professional who is always on 3 The bathroom was dirty and the showerhead
the 1move? Do you prefer to work 2 remotely and was .
not to be tied 3 down to one place? Our beautiful a tangled b shattered c blocked
and well-equipped co-working 4 spaces could 4 Claire I’m really sorry, but I’ve your yellow jumper
be exactly what you’re looking for. See our list of in the wash.
locations here.
a shrunk b scratched c soaked
5 Can you pass me the , so I can wipe the kitchen
surfaces?
a mop b dustpan and brush c dishcloth
If you’ve just arrived in the UK and are 6 I can tell you’ve been decorating because there’s
looking to put down 5 roots , Homecoming stuck to your shoe.
UK’s financial and legal advice could be just a dirt b masking tape c a water stain
what you need. We can help you 6 settle 7 It’s time we this awful carpet and bought a new
down without having to worry about your one.
legal and financial status. Call and talk to us a got rid of b dealt with c came across
today.
5 6E VOCABULARY Complete the sentences with up or
down.
1 Please remember to wipe down the gym equipment
after you’ve finished using it.
When you travel the world, you can’t
2 Will you please pick up your dirty clothes!
take all your 7 home comforts with
3 If you spill sugar on the floor, sweep it up or we’ll
you, but you can take one of our have ants everywhere.
high-quality travel pillows. Make sure 4 Nick’s car broke down on the motorway.
you’re comfortable wherever your 5 My parents did up my little sister’s bedroom for her
journey takes you. birthday.
6 If you don’t mop up the water on the bathroom floor,
someone is going to slip and break a bone.

6 ON A HIGH NOTE Write a short paragraph describing

how you could make your room or home cleaner, tidier
and more organised.

© Pearson Central Europe, 2020 High Note 4 (B2/B2+) 73

 Unit self-check

GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY 4 Complete the diary entry with a, the or Ø (no article).
1 Replace the underlined parts with the words from I definitely don’t want to live in 1the country; it’s
the box with a similar meaning. There are two extra
words. too quiet. I’d rather live in 2 a busy town by the
sea. I’m thinking of somewhere in Europe, perhaps
a lot decorating marginally removing repair on the coast of 3 the Mediterranean. 4 The south
replace significantly spacious of France would probably be the best choice as
I already speak some French.
1 The exam was considerably more challenging than
Ellis had expected. significantly I studied it at 5 Ø university. Also, it’s not far from 6 the
Alps and I love mountain climbing.
2 My parents are doing up the kitchen this week, so
we’re eating takeaway every evening. decorating
/5
3 Do you know anyone who can fix hi-fi equipment?
repair USE OF ENGLISH
4 First we’ll change the front door, then later we’ll do
the windows. replace 5 Complete the second sentence using the word
in bold so that it means the same as the first one. Use
5 The white paint is miles cheaper than the coloured
between two and five words, including the word in
ones. a lot
bold.
6 The living room is pretty large for such a small house.
1 Finding a flat was much easier than I had expected.
spacious
NOWHERE
/5 Finding a flat was nowhere near as difficult as I had
expected.
2 Complete the sentences with one word in each gap.
2 Pour salt on the red wine stain. WHAT
1 Your room is nothing like mine – yours is big and airy,
What you do is pour salt on the red wine stain.
mine is small and cosy.
3 Do we have to attend lessons on a Saturday? OBLIGED
2 The small coffee is too small and the large one too
big, so I’ll take a medium -sized one, please. Are we obliged to attend lessons on a Saturday?
3 I can’t imagine being tied down to one place for the 4 Food and drinks aren't permitted in the taxi. ALLOWED
rest of my life. You are not allowed to eat or drink anything in the taxi.
4 Make sure you sweep all that broken glass up . 5 You needn’t go as fast as the other runners. HAVE
5 My parents and I used to be on the move and never You don’t have to keep up with the other runners.
lived in the same place for long. 6 The Greens got a good price for their house. MANAGED
6 It's time we got rid of this awful carpet. The Greens managed to sell their house for a good
/5 price.
/5
3 Choose the correct words to complete the sentences.
1 I could / was able to sell the tickets for the concert we
6 Choose the correct words a–d to complete the
text.
couldn’t go to.
2 You need to / may travel by train I’m afraid because Hi, Khalid. Just got back from Edinburgh
there are no flights.
where Dad and I finally 1 to find some
3 Passengers may not / need not enter this zone. accommodation for my first year at 2 uni.
4 It is forbidden / required to remove stones, shells, I’ve got a lovely 3 room in a big house near
plants or animals from the beach. the centre. At £120 4 week, it’s definitely not
5 Faye was managed / supposed to complete her cheap, but it’s in a great location, so we decided
application by yesterday, but she missed the deadline. to 5 it. I can’t believe I’ll be living there in six
/5 weeks!

1 a tried b had c managed d allowed

2 a some ba cØ d an
3 a confined b spacious c cramped d populated
4 aa b the c in d on
5 a get rid of b come across c do up d go with

/5
/ 30

74 © Pearson Central Europe, 2020 High Note 4 (B2/B2+)

Matura self-check 06
1 Przetłumacz na język angielski fragmenty podane 3 W zadaniach 1–10 uzupełnij luki, wpisując wyraz,
w nawiasach, tak aby otrzymać zdania logiczne który poprawnie uzupełnia luki w obu zdaniach.
i gramatycznie poprawne. Wymagana jest pełna 1 Bears have a very keen sense of smell.
poprawność ortograficzna wpisywanych fragmentów Mark is keen to help you, anytime.
zdań. W każdą lukę możesz wpisać maksymalnie sześć
2 In a moment of blind panic, he ran out of the house.
wyrazów.
This program helps the blind learn to read.
1 She doesn’t have/need to commute (nie musi
3 The letter from the head office requires
dojeżdżać) as she lives close to her office.
a(n) immediate response.
2 We are thinking of conducting/carrying out a survey of We invited only our immediate family.
(przeprowadzeniu ankiety wśród) a hundred students
4 How sweet of you to remember my birthday!
who live in a dorm.
My sister’s always had a sweet tooth.
3 I have strong feelings/convictions on the topic (mam
5 Mike and I get on really well.
silne przekonania na temat) of emigrating at an early age.
His family needs to get by on a very tight budget.
4 Belgium is not so vibrant in comparison with the USA
6 They can't have children so they hope to adopt .
(w porównaniu do USA).
You need to adopt a healthier lifestyle.
5 The dog didn’t manage / was not able to find (nie
7 Maria jumped down from the porch and ran towards
zdołał znaleźć) a bomb at the airport.
the gate.
6 My parents told me that they had been allowed to Ricky was in a hurry so he jumped the queue.
bring (wolno im było przynieść) a teddy bear to their
8 I find it hard to switch off from work on holidays.
final exam.
He can switch easily from English to German.
7 I have always dreamt of climbing (zawsze marzyłem
9 She’s nothing like the character she plays in the film.
o wspięciu się na) Ben Nevis in Scotland.
I wonder what he’s really like .
8 She has been in hospital (jest w szpitalu) for a week
10 Wild ducks are common in this area, they’re
now and she’s getting better.
everywhere.
9 I’d rather live near the River Thames (mieszkać blisko She must be having tea in the common room now.
Tamizy) where the views are spectacular.
10 The people whose house has been destroyed (których 4 Uzupełnij zdania, wykorzystując podane wyrazy
dom został zniszczony) are looking for a temporary w odpowiedniej formie. Nie należy zmieniać kolejności
shelter now. podanych wyrazów. Trzeba natomiast – jeżeli jest to
11 Is your room big enough to fit (wystarczająco duży, konieczne – dodać inne wyrazy, aby otrzymać logiczne
aby zmieścić) a desk and a wardrobe? i poprawne gramatycznie zdania. W każdą lukę
możesz wpisać maksymalnie sześć wyrazów.
12 Did you remember to switch off the light (aby
wyłączyć światło) when you were leaving the room? 1 All residents are required to keep (require / keep)
the windows shut during a storm.
2 Uzupełnij luki (1–4), przekształcając jeden 2 The students succeeded in persuading the teacher
z wyrazów z ramki w taki sposób, aby powstał spójny (succeed / persuade / teacher) to give them another
i logiczny tekst. Wymagana jest pełna poprawność chance after they failed the test.
gramatyczna i ortograficzna wpisywanych wyrazów. 3 Her parents forbid/forbade her to go on (forbid /
Dwa wyrazy zostały podane dodatkowo i nie pasują she / go) foot as the traffic is extremely heavy.
do żadnej luki.
4 Living in a small space (live / small / space) means
little end consider clear trust carry that you cannot have a lot of possessions.
5 She has a lot of friendly neighbours and
a handful of mean ones (handful / mean / one).
Is Life Below Zero real?
6 The first time I flew (first time / I / fly) a helicopter was
Life Below Zero is a reality television series where
two years ago.
viewers are given an inside look at everyday life in
Alaska – one of the 1 least populated states in the US. 7 My grandparents lived in The Hague (live / Hague)
before the war.
Living in the middle of nowhere, the protagonists have
to face the Alaskan wilderness using 2 considerably 8 We quickly got used to living on our own
limited resources. They have to survive the long and (live / we / own).
cold winter with nothing but the bare necessities. Only 9 I’d rather you engaged in the debate
the most mentally fit people will manage to pass (engage / debate) than watched others talk.
the test of isolation and 3 endless work and survive 10 I have been trying to work (try / work) in the library
until the next spring comes. since the repair works at home started last week.
Audiences from all over the world have been following 11 The heating in my house has not been repaired (not /
the series since 2013. While for most viewers the show repair) yet.
is a 4 trustworthy account of outback reality, some 12 Right now, additional research is being carried out to
begin to question the authenticity of Life Below Zero, check (carry out / check) if their hypothesis is correct.
as it’s turned out that all the cast members have made
around $1 million for appearing on the show. It looks
like a well-paid job.

© Pearson Central Europe, 2020 High Note 4 (B2/B2+) 75

 07 Is it fair?

7A GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY

Reported speech 3 Read the text in Exercise 2 again and complete the
1 Read the reported statements and choose the interview in direct speech with one or two words in
correct forms to complete the sentences in direct each gap.
speech. Reporter Amy, why 1have you joined the strike?
1 She asked what the government had been thinking Amy We 2 are/’re extremely angry about the state
when it changed the law. of the planet. We 3 have/’ve decided to stage
‘What was the government thinking / has the a protest after hearing about similar actions
government been thinking when it changed the law?’ taking place around the world 4 last week .
We have gathered 5 here to wave placards
2 He said we should stand up for important things. in the hope of putting pressure on the
‘We should have stood / stand up for important things.’ government to declare a climate emergency.
3 He asked us whether we believed in civil rights. Why 6 aren’t adults doing more about
‘Did you / Do you believe in civil rights?’ deforestation and fossil fuels? We 7 will never
forgive them if they 8 carry on destroying the
4 She said young people had taken to the streets and planet.
protested.
‘Young people have taken / took to the streets and 4 Complete the sentences with asked, said or told.
protested.’ 1 The police officers asked me whether I was eighteen
5 He said that their protest would change the world. years old.
‘Our protest will / will have change the world.’ 2 The security guard told us not to come any closer
or he would call the police.
2 Choose the correct forms to complete the news
3 The fire-fighters said we had to stay behind the
report.
barriers.
Pupils at Sleaforth School went on strike yesterday 4 The conductor asked if he could see our tickets.
to rally against climate change. Our reporter asked 5 The driving instructor told you that you needed
student representative, Amy Read, why 1had pupils / to slow down.
pupils had joined the strike. Amy said that they 2are /
6 The doctor said I was very lucky to be alive.
were extremely angry about the state of the planet
and 3have / had decided to stage a protest after
hearing about similar actions taking place around
5 USE OF ENGLISH Choose the correct words a–c to
complete the text.
the world 4 the week before / last week. Interviewed
in front of the school, Amy said students had gathered I met a guy at the climate demonstration last week. He
5
here / there to wave placards in the hope of putting looked a bit confused, so I asked him 1 I could help
pressure on the government to declare a climate him. He said that he wanted to know what we 2 .
emergency. She asked why 6 adults weren’t / weren’t I explained that we 3 against the destruction of the
adults doing more about deforestation and fossil fuels, environment. Then he told me that he 4 on
and said that young people 7will / would never forgive a demonstration before and asked me if he 5 join in.
them if they 8 carried / carry on destroying the planet. I told him that I was sure that it 6 be alright. I asked
him what 7 . He frowned and told me he 8 Nelson
Mandela Smith!

1 a that b why c if
2 a asked b wanted c wants
3 a protested b protest c were protesting
4 a wasn’t b hadn’t been c hasn’t been
5 a can b will c could
6 a will b would c could
7 a his name was b was his name c his name is
8 a had been called b was called c called

76 © Pearson Central Europe, 2020 High Note 4 (B2/B2+)

 07
6 Complete the reported questions. Only
change the tenses if necessary.
1 ‘Why are you lobbying for change?’
He asked us why we were lobbying for change.
2 ‘Were you at the protest yesterday?’
She wanted to know if I had been at the protest
the day before .
3 ‘What slogan will you be chanting?’
She’s just asked us what slogan we will be chanting.
4 ‘How many people took to the streets last week?’
He asked how many people had taken to the
streets the week before.
5 ‘Is it safe to protest in your country?’
She asked us if it is/was safe to protest in our
country.
6 ‘How long have you been preparing this banner?’
He wanted to know how long they/we had been
preparing that banner.
7 ‘Are you keen on protests?’
She often asks me if I am keen on protests.

7 Report the comments and questions. Only

change the tenses if necessary.
1 ‘Could I ask you a few questions here and now?’
He asked if he could ask me a few questions there
and then.
2 ‘They have been trying to put pressure on the
government.’
She said (that) they had been trying to put pressure 9 Use the prompts to report the conversation.
on the government . Last week ...
3 ‘We and a few other friends staged a protest last Faye Are you going to the protest this afternoon, Tom?
week.’
Tom I’m not sure, but I might. Who else will be there?
They say (that) they and a few other friends staged
Faye Asia and Jarek will be going because they love
a protest last week .
marches and they wouldn’t miss it for the world.
4 ‘Politicians need to be honest.’ Kinga can’t make it because she has an exam
He said (that) politicians need to be honest . tomorrow.
5 ‘Protesters might have to wait in long queues.’ Tom Did you tell Kara about it?
She said that (that) protesters might have to wait in Faye Yes, I did.
long queues . Tom In that case, I’ve made up my mind. I’m definitely
6 ‘Stop what you are doing right now!’ going to come.
She ordered us to stop what we were doing right then .
7 ‘It had been a successful day of action.’ 1 Faye asked Tom whether he was going to the protest
that afternoon.
They said (that) it had been a successful day of action .
2 Tom replied that he wasn’t sure, but he might .
8 Report the sentences. If it’s possible to report 3 Then he asked who else would be there .
them in two ways, write both answers. 4 Faye told him that Asia and Jarek would be going,
that they loved/love marches and that they wouldn’t
1 ‘People are getting really upset about this issue.’ miss it for the world .
She said that people were getting really upset about 5 But she said that Kinga couldn’t make it because she
that issue. had an exam the next day .
2 ‘This march is really amazing.’ 6 Tom wanted to know if she had told Kara about it .
She says that this march is really amazing . 7 Faye said (that) she had .
3 ‘I love going on protest marches.’ 8 Tom said he had made up his mind and that he was
She said that she loves going on protest marches / definitely going to come .
loved going on protest marches .
4 ‘The march has been a great success.’ 10 ON A HIGH NOTE Imagine a short interview between
She says that the march has been a great success . a journalist and a celebrity who is involved in a protest.
5 ‘There will probably be a general election soon.’ Report the questions asked and the answers given.
She said that there would probably be a general The journalist asked the activist whether she thought the
election soon . climate crisis was the biggest problem facing the human
race now. She said …

© Pearson Central Europe, 2020 High Note 4 (B2/B2+) UNIT VOCABULARY PRACTICE > page 85 77
 7B VOCABULARY | Social issues
1 Match the two parts of the sentences. 4 USE OF ENGLISH Complete the text with the correct
1 e Families living in relative words formed from the words in bold.
2 h My family and I were victims of hate
3 b The question of how to deal with juvenile
4 c It can be difficult for victims of domestic
5 a How can children be helped to escape from modern
6 f Police are attempting to crack down on organised
7 d A great deal of institutional
8 g Scandinavian firms are to reach gender

a slavery in clothing and footwear factories?

b delinquency is a difficult one.
c violence to speak out.
d racism happens in criminal justice systems.
e poverty often can’t afford access to the Internet.
f crime groups in the south of the country.
g equality standards for pay and promotion.
h crime targeted at foreigners living in this block of flats.

2 Complete the sentences with the social issues in

bold from Exercise 1.
1 Modern slavery is not so much about owning people,
but more about exploiting people.
University Equality Policy
At this university, we reject any and all
2 Making violent threats against someone online because
of their race or gender is an example of a hate crime .
1
discrimination (DISCRIMINATE) based on race,
3 Institutional racism can be seen in the US legal system gender, religion or sexuality. We believe in
where African American criminals are treated more 2
freedom (FREE) of speech and will never
harshly than white American criminals. accept any 3 persecution (PERSECUTE) of
4 Families living on less than 50 percent of the average individuals based on their 4 personal (PERSON)
income are described as living in relative poverty .
beliefs. Should anybody feel they have
5 Women have been fighting for gender equality for
centuries, yet society is still not fair. suffered 5 victimisation (VICTIM) because of
6 With so many young teenagers committing multiple their race, lifestyle or beliefs, an 6 investigation
crimes, juvenile delinquency is a real problem in our (INVESTIGATE) will be carried out and sutiable
cities. disciplinary action will be taken.
7 The classic example of a(n) organised crime group is
the Sicilian Mafia.
8 Tragically, you never know behind which front doors 5 Find and correct one mistake in each sentence.
domestic violence is happening.
1 A well-known organised violence group boss was
3 Choose the correct words to complete the arrested in London this morning.
newspaper headlines. organised crime
2 Knife-crime among fourteen to eighteen-year-olds is
Students 1rebellion / rebel after being taught wrong fuelling juvenile slavery statistics.
book and failing English exam.
juvenile delinquency
Prime Minister cancels 2 equal / equalise pay plans. 3 The oppress of free journalism is a worrying
development in our country.
Climate protesters rally against 3expansive / expansion oppression
of regional airport.
4 It is no longer possible to justification the production
University entrance requirements highly discriminatory /
4 of single-use plastics.
discrimination according to investigation. justify
5 Zero-hour contracts are seen by many as an
5
Oppression / Oppressive government claims victory in exploitation form of employment.
‘joke’ elections. exploitative
6
Academics still being persecution / persecuted by 6 ON A HIGH NOTE Write a short news report based on
government authorities. one of the headlines in Exercise 3.

78 UNIT VOCABULARY PRACTICE > page 85 © Pearson Central Europe, 2020 High Note 4 (B2/B2+)
7C LISTENING AND VOCABULARY 07
1 28 Listen to Part 1 of a radio programme. What is Pronunciation
the main topic of the phone-in? Choose the correct
answer.
5 30 Listen to some sentences from the radio
programme in Exercise 2, focusing on the underlined
a coping with hot weather syllables. Can you hear any extra sound there?
b improving society 1 We have a long tradition of pavement collection back
c encouraging creativity home – home is Australia in case you couldn’t tell!
2 Instead of relying on TV talent shows to find new
2 29 Listen to Part 2 of the programme. Match performers, the opportunity to prove what you can do
speakers 1–4 with statements a–g. There are three in front of an audience and raise a bit of cash at the
extra statements. same time could be open to everyone, you know.
Speaker 1 c The initial consonants of the syllables are followed by an extra
puff of air, a little bit like /h/.
Speaker 2 a
Speaker 3 g ACTIVE PRONUNCIATION | Aspiration
Speaker 4 f
We sometimes add an extra puff of air after /p/, /t/ and /k/
This speaker before we move on to the next sound. This happens only if
a recognises the power of individual actions. • the sound is at the beginning of a stressed (or the only)
syllable.
b encourages people to clean up their local
environment. • the sound is immediately followed by a vowel
(e.g. phaper, char, thouch).
c mentions an idea that helps solve two problems at
the same time.
d would like to make street artists’ lives safer. 6 31 Listen and repeat the words which include
e thinks it's important to control population growth. aspiration. The aspirated sounds have been
underlined.
f would allow people to use their talents to earn
money legally. /ph/ /th/ /kh/
g talks about combining voluntary work with poor talent current
commercial advantage. Polish time capital
unpopular return occur
Vocabulary extension important potential uncommon
3 Complete the collocations in bold, which you heard in
7 32 Tick the words where the underlined sounds
the recording in Exercise 1, with the correct forms of
include aspiration. Listen and check. Practise saying the
the words from the box.
words.
angle blue-sky bright share prove 1 vitamins 5 ✓ tortoise
1 The committee says we need some blue-sky thinking 2 ✓ repair 6 clock
in order to find new ideas for charity day. 3 drop 7 ✓ mechanic
2 Does anyone have any bright ideas for Mika’s 4 ✓ location 8 computer
surprise party?
3 To find a solution I think we need to look at the 8 Look again at the words in Exercise 7 which do NOT
problem from a different angle . include aspiration. Match them with reasons a–c
below.
4 Please share your thoughts on what you think went
wrong. a 1 8 unstressed syllable
5 His parents said he wasn’t working hard enough and b 3 at the end of a syllable
his terrible exam results have proved them right. c 6 followed by a consonant

4 Match the collocations from Exercise 3 with their 9 Underline the syllables which include aspiration. Then
definitions. practise saying the sentences.
1 Tell someone your opinions/ideas. share your 1 This is a direct consequence of your petition.
thoughts 2 He’s so cowardly he wouldn’t even commit a petty
2 Creative ideas not limited by old views. blue-sky crime.
thinking 3 We should take action and push for further
3 Clever suggestion. bright idea development.
4 Think about something in a different way. look at
something from a different angle
5 Show that someone is/was correct. prove somebody
right

© Pearson Central Europe, 2020 High Note 4 (B2/B2+) UNIT VOCABULARY PRACTICE > page 85 79
 7D READING AND VOCABULARY
1 You are going to read an article about online trolls. Put Vocabulary extension
paragraph headings a–e in a logical order. Then read
the article quickly and check your ideas.
4 Match the words to make adjective-noun phrases from
the text.
a 2 Why do online trolls do what they do?
a attack
1 b sensible
b 4 Who can help?
b approach
2 e attention
c 1 What is a troll?
c individual
3 d human
d 3 How should you react to an online troll?
d nature
4 f golden
e 5 Will trolls ever stop trolling?
e seeker
5 c anonymous
2 Read the article again and complete the sentences 6 a personal f rule
with up to five words in each gap.
1 The term ‘troll’ has changed from its original meaning
5 Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the
phrases from Exercise 4.
and now refers to anonymous individuals who bully
others online. 1 Police would like to thank the anonymous individuals
who reported last night’s robbery at the local bank.
2 The two things that motivate trolls are boredom and
the need/desire for attention . 2 I think the most sensible approach to cyberbullying is
to just shrug it off, but not everybody is able to do that.
3 Trolls usually feel insecure (at heart) so they try to
make their life meaningful by hurting others. 3 It is human nature to judge other people based on
their appearance, but that doesn’t make it right.
4 No matter what response they get/receive / their
victims reply , trolls enjoy being written about and 4 It’s OK to disagree with somebody on social media, but
even hated. you mustn’t make personal attacks on other users.
5 You need to have self-control and think ahead in order 5 My mum believes that people who appear on reality
to deal with trolls. shows are mostly just attention seekers .
6 If you respond to online trolls, you will probably 6 The golden rule of safe Internet use is never to give
suffer/face (further) abuse/bullying . away personal information such as your address.
7 By turning to support communities / visiting support
communities’ websites / joining support communities ACTIVE VOCABULARY | Prepositional phrases
victims of online bullying stay informed and hear
positive stories from people struggling with similar A prepositional phrase is a group of words which includes
problems. a preposition (e.g. at, in, about) and a noun, gerund or
clause. Prepositional phrases are usually used to give
8 It is against the law to threaten someone with violence
more information about a verb or a noun.
online.
Those who are suffering at the hands of trolls … .
3 Read the article again and choose the correct
answers. 6 Replace the underlined phrases with the highlighted
1 What is the writer emphasising in Paragraph 1? prepositional phrases from the text.
a The way technology leads to changes in language. 1 You are in danger of freezing to death if you get lost in
b The typical victims of online trolls. the mountains in winter.
c The geographical origins of the word ‘troll’. at risk of
d The similarities between old and new meanings of 2 I may seem confident, but I’m actually quite shy when
the word ‘troll’. it comes to my real personality.
2 In Paragraph 2, the writer says that online trolls at heart
a are treated as celebrities by some people. 3 When my brother is bored and has nothing to do, he
b seek attention of any kind. gets very annoying.
c are often lonely. at a loose end
d like to write about their experiences on the Internet. 4 A bodyguard must keep his or her client safe whatever
happens.
3 Why is it illogical to respond to online trolls?
at all costs
a It is exactly what they want you to do.
5 How can anyone be so intelligent and also make such
b It goes against human nature. poor choices in life?
c It shows their lack of self-control. at the same time
d It is copying their negative behaviour. 6 Many innocent pets suffer because of the harmful
4 Why does the writer recommend joining support actions of irresponsible owners.
communities to victims of online bullying? at the hands of
a They report illegal threats to the police.
b They put victims in touch with each other. 7 ON A HIGH NOTE Write a short message offering advice
to a friend who is being bullied online.
c They provide secure Internet services.
d They also support friends and family of victims.

80 UNIT VOCABULARY PRACTICE > page 85 © Pearson Central Europe, 2020 High Note 4 (B2/B2+)
 07

DON’T FEED
THE TROLLS!
I n the days before the Internet, the word ‘troll’ had two
different meanings. As a noun, ‘a troll’ was an ugly,
bad-tempered creature that appeared in Scandinavian
why it is that trolls troll. They are attention seekers, so by
engaging with them we are actually giving them exactly
what they want. Don’t feed the trolls! If you had rats in
fairy tales like those written by the Brothers Grimm. As your house, you wouldn’t leave food out for them, so it’s
a verb, ‘to troll’ means to fish using a line pulled slowly worth applying the same logic to these malicious online
behind a boat. On the end of the line is the bait – a worm pests. Shrug them off and avoid becoming the fish that
or something similar – which is there to tempt the fish. takes the bait! Instead, leave them starved of attention.
Perhaps it’s easy to see why the word ‘troll’ has changed If engagement is still tempting, think what the probable
over time to describe anonymous individuals who, from result will be. They are unlikely to change either their
the darkness of their bedrooms, ‘fish’ for victims by minds or their behaviour, so arguing with them will simply
deliberately insulting and attacking people in online put you at risk of suffering further abuse. A more sensible
forums. Online trolls seek out politicians, celebrities, approach is this: delete, block, report, move on. Adopt this
vloggers and, of course, ordinary people like you and me. plan and stick to it at all costs.
Their favourite target is anyone who they can mock for Those who are suffering at the hands of trolls or because
being different to them in terms of image, ethnicity, of online bullying can seek help in various ways. The first
beliefs or opinions. place to turn for support might be friends and family.
A man who was once a troll himself, wrote about his Talking to someone we trust, and who loves us and all the
experiences online and explained that there are two positive things about us, can be of great help. There are
main reasons for a troll’s behaviour. The first is boredom. also support communities which exist to help victims of
Trolls lack stimulation in their everyday lives and so seek online bullying and abuse from trolls. As numerous victims
satisfaction by attempting to humiliate and harm others. writing online have reported, visiting these organisations’
They are often insecure at heart, so having someone websites and joining the conversations there has allowed
respond to their hurtful attacks, brings a bizarre kind them to stay informed and at the same time to hear
of meaning to their lives. As the ex-troll pointed out, he positive stories from people dealing with similar issues.
wouldn’t have been trolling if he had had anything better Victims should also remember that any threats of violence
to do with his time. As well as being at a loose end, these made online are illegal and can be reported to Internet
people desire attention. They want people to react to them service providers, or the police.
regardless of whether the response is negative. They are Given the size of the online community and the anonymity
happy to be hated, as long as they are being replied to that the Internet allows, it is unlikely that the problem of
and written about. trolls will ever disappear completely. For now perhaps the
Dealing with online trolls requires self-control and thinking best we can do is starve them of the attention they seek by
ahead. It is human nature to want to respond when following the golden rule: don’t feed the trolls!
someone makes a personal attack on you, but remember

© Pearson Central Europe, 2020 High Note 4 (B2/B2+) 81

 7E GRAMMAR
Reporting verbs
1 Put the words in order to make sentences.
1 promised / the police officer / she / would / that /
investigate the matter
The police officer promised that she would investigate
the matter.
2 was due next lesson / the teacher / the students /
reminded / their homework / that
The teacher reminded the students that their
homework was due next lesson.
3 to collect / Natalia / agreed / from school / her sister
Natalia agreed to collect her sister from school.
4 his dog / at strangers / Ivan / to bark / approaching the
house / encouraged
Ivan encouraged his dog to bark at strangers
approaching the house.
5 the doctor / much more exercise / getting / advised 4 Complete the conversation with the correct forms
The doctor advised getting much more exercise. of the verbs in brackets. Add any other necessary words.
6 for / apologised / waking / Ghulam / the baby Clare What’s wrong, Mark?
Ghulam apologised for waking the baby. Mark I’ve fallen out with an old friend and she refuses
7 insisted on / her original birth certificate / Miko /
1
to forgive (forgive) me.
bringing / the secretary Clare Oh, dear. What happened?
The secretary insisted on Miko bringing her original Mark Well, she used to have a fiancé I didn’t like so
birth certificate. when she said he wasn’t her fiancé anymore,
8 about / warned / the farmer / the bull in the field / the I jumped straight in and admitted 2 (that)
walkers I’d never been (never/be) fond of him and
The farmer warned the walkers about the bull in the field. I congratulated her 3 on making (make) the right
choice.
2 Match sentences in direct speech a–h with reported Clare So? What’s wrong with that?
sentences 1–8 from Exercise 1. Mark Well, she explained 4 (that) they had got (get)
a 7 ‘I’m afraid we need to see the original, not a copy.’ married in July!
b 8 ‘Be careful! There’s a bull in the field up there.’ Clare Oh no!
c 5 ‘You really should walk, run or swim more.’ Mark Obviously, I regretted 5 opening/that I had opened
(open) my big mouth so I apologised 6 for saying
d 2 ‘Don’t forget to hand in your essays next lesson.’
(say) what I’d said and reminded her 7 (that)
e 1 ‘I’ll look into this for you, Madam.’ she’d promised (promise) to invite me to her
f 3 ‘OK, I’ll pick her up, Mum.’ wedding if she ever got married.
g 6 ‘Oh, I’m so sorry I woke her up!’ Clare What did she say?
h 4 ‘Good boy! You protect the house.’ Mark She accused me 8 of being (be) insensitive.
I don’t think she’ll ever forgive me.
3 Choose the correct words to complete the
sentences. 5 Rewrite the sentences in reported speech using
1 Helen agreed Mohammed was discriminated a suitable reporting verb.
against. 1 ‘I wish I hadn’t bought white trainers.’
a that b to c she Guy regrets/regretted buying white trainers.
2 The man at the information desk advised to leave 2 ‘I will cook for you on Saturday.’
our phone number. Elisabeta promised/offered to cook for us/
a that b we c us me on Saturday .
3 Miguel offered lend Penny his car for the weekend. 3 ‘I was wrong.’
a to b for c he would Anna admitted (to) being wrong / admitted that she’d
been wrong .
4 The politician denied gifts from industry 4 ‘Why don’t we have a party?’
representatives.
Reginald suggested having / that we/they have a party .
a to receive b receiving c about receiving
5 ‘Amy is so rude.’
5 The musician objected playing only his hits at the
concert. Kenny criticised Amy for being rude .
a that b to c for 6 ON A HIGH NOTE Choose five of the reporting verbs
6 Police praised the teenager saving the man’s life. from this lesson and use them to report things that
a on b of c for people have said to you recently.

82 © Pearson Central Europe, 2020 High Note 4 (B2/B2+)

7F SPEAKING 07
1 Read the phrases. How do you say them in Polish? 3 Find the missing words and rewrite the sentences.
1 I really don’t that school uniforms are a good idea.
SPEAKING | Expressing and challenging opinions I really don't think that school uniforms are a good idea.
2 You’re entitled your opinion, but don't make up facts.
EXPRESSING YOUR OPINION
You’re entitled to your opinion, but don’t make up facts.
• Strong opinion
3 My impression that people should be more tolerant.
It goes without saying that animal rights are
My impression is that people should be more tolerant.
extremely important.
4 I’m the opinion that schools should only provide
I really think/don’t think that it’s an important issue.
healthy meals for their students.
Without a shadow of a doubt, animals need more
I’m of the opinion that schools should only provide
protection in law. healthy meals for their students.
Frankly, I think it's obvious that we need to do more to 5 I’m expert, but I’m not sure waving placards does
protect animals. much good.
• Less strong opinion I’m no expert, but I’m not sure waving placards does
My impression is that online abusers are not punished much good.
properly. 6 As far I’m concerned, a small fine is not a strong
I'm of the opinion that we need more severe enough deterrent.
punishments. As far as I’m concerned, a small fine is not a strong
As far as I'm concerned, online abuse should be enough deterrent.
punished. 7 It goes saying that police officers should never break
• Counter opinion the law.
It's a good idea in principle, but is it actually possible It goes without saying that police officers should
never break the law.
to police the Internet?
I can see where they’re/you’re coming from, but I’m 4 USE OF ENGLISH Complete the mini-conversations with
not sure that’s the best solution. one word in each gap.
• Tentative opinion Haruki Without a 1shadow of a doubt, vandals that
I'm no expert, but I don’t believe these protests will spray graffiti should be made to clean it as
change anything. a punishment.
I tend to think (that) these protests won’t change Gemma I’m 2 inclined to think the same, Haruki, but the
anything. difficult bit is catching them.
I’m inclined to think (that) we need to come up with
a different type of protest. Aarav I 3 tend to think that the laws designed to
protect animals are not strong enough. I mean,
CHALLENGING SOMEBODY ELSE’S OPINION I’m of the 4 opinion that harming an animal is
That’s debatable, isn’t it? no different to harming a person.
You’re entitled to your opinion, but I don’t agree with you. Anika That’s 5 debatable , isn’t it? I mean we kill over
150 billion animals every year for food.
Are you saying that we have to change our diet
completely? Aarav Well, I can see where you’re 6 coming from, but
as far as I’m 7 concerned , food production is
different.
2 Match the two parts of the sentences. Anika I’m not sure the animals would agree, Aarav.
1 f Without a shadow of
2 b Frankly, I think it's Lucas It 8 goes without saying that petrol and diesel
cars should be banned. Electric cars are the
3 a It’s a good idea in
future of transport.
4 d That’s debatable,
Flora Well, I’m no 9 expert , but I think that depends
5 e I can see where on how the electricity is generated, doesn’t it?
6 g I'm no expert, If it’s done by burning high-carbon fuels, then
7 c You’re entitled what’s the point?
Lucas Are you 10 saying that electric cars are a waste
a principle, but it may be difficult to achieve.
of time?
b obvious that he isn't suitable for the position.
Flora No, you’re not listening properly, Lucas. I’m
c to your opinion, but I’m entitled to disagree with you! saying it depends on how the electricity is
d isn’t it? I’m not sure many people will agree with you. produced.
e you’re coming from, but I don’t think it’s so simple.
5 ON A HIGH NOTE Write a short dialogue about banning
f a doubt, the government should address this issue. free speech online. Make speakers express and
g but don’t we already pay enough tax? challenge opinions.

© Pearson Central Europe, 2020 High Note 4 (B2/B2+) 83

 7G WRITING AND VOCABULARY | An article

Give your article a catchy title. FOOD (TRUCKS) FOR THOUGHT!

1 Did you know that half of all mental health conditions that affect adults
begin by the age of just fourteen? No wonder the World Health Organisation
Make sure the introduction clearly believes in engaging 1with young people to raise awareness about mental
defines what the article is about. health issues. This is one of the reasons why they hold World Mental Health
Day every year on 10 October. This year our city participated 2 in the day by
organising a special event called ‘Food (trucks) for thought’. My friends and
I went along to check it out.
Hold the reader’s attention in the
introduction with a surprising fact 2 As well as the usual joggers and dog-walkers in City Park last Saturday, one
or statistic, a short anecdote or sunny corner was filled with food trucks and chattering youngsters. There was
a rhetorical question. music, mouth-watering smells, and most importantly, the buzz of conversation –
not about the latest TV blockbuster, but about mental health and how to cope
3
with the stresses of life. As part of the event, information points had been
set up alongside the trucks by mental health organisations. There were
Make sure each body paragraph
has a clear topic. presentations, competitions and plenty of experts on hand to offer advice.
Everywhere you looked, people were relaxing and eating and relating 4 to
each other on a wide range of topics from dealing 5 with stress at school to
combating social media addiction.
The conclusion should return to the
main idea from the introduction. 3 What we really liked was the mix of entertainment and serious information.
Understandably, topics such as depression or self-harm can be very difficult to
talk about, but the relaxed atmosphere of the event helped people connect
6
to/with each other and open up.
Leave the reader with something
to think about. Consider using the 4 All in all, my friends and I felt the day offered a practical demonstration of how
words from the title again, making awareness raising can promote important discussion. Judging by the numbers
a suggestion, giving a personal who attended, many of us are concerned about ourselves, others, or perhaps
opinion or asking a question. just mental health in general. Hopefully, the organisers will go ahead 7 with the
event in future years as there was certainly as much interesting food for thought
as there was delicious food for lunch!

1 Read the Writing task and the article. Then match

ACTIVE WRITING | Artykuł
paragraphs 1–4 of the article with statements a–e.
1 Zaplanuj swój artykuł:
You recently took part in an event which was held
• Zwróć uwagę, że polecenie składa się z dwóch części.
in order to raise awareness about an issue that is
• Przemyśl zagadnienia podane w poleceniu.
important for young people. Write an article in
which you describe the event and explain what it • Pomyśl nad tytułem przyciągającym uwagę.
hoped to achieve. 2 Napisz swój artykuł:
• Napisz ciekawy, oryginalny wstęp zachęcający do
This paragraph … czytania. W tym celu możesz wykorzystać statystyki,
a 1 states the topic of the article. cytat lub pytanie.
b 1 begins with a rhetorical question. • Rozwiń obie części polecenia. Szczegółowo opisz
c 2 describes the event mentioned in the task. obydwa zagadnienia.
d 4 offers a final thought. • Wykorzystaj zwroty i wskazówki z tabeli Writing
(Student’s Book, str.103).
e 3 describes what the event achieved.
• Podziel swój tekst na akapity, pamiętaj o właściwych
2 Read the article again and complete it with one proporcjach wstępu, rozwinięcia i zakończenia.
dependent preposition in each gap. 3 Sprawdź, czy twój tekst:
• omawia podane zagadnienie w przejrzysty sposób,
3 WRITING TASK Z okazji Międzynarodowego
Dnia Walki z Dyskryminacją Rasową twoja klasa • jest uporządkowany, spójny i logiczny,
zorganizowała festyn uliczny. Napisz artykuł do • jest poprawny pod względem gramatycznym,
magazynu dla młodzieży, w którym zrelacjonujesz leksykalnym i ortograficznym,
przebieg tego festynu i uzasadnisz, dlaczego twoim • mieści się w limicie 200–250 słów.
zdaniem warto organizować tego typu wydarzenia.

84 UNIT VOCABULARY PRACTICE > page 85 © Pearson Central Europe, 2020 High Note 4 (B2/B2+)
UNIT VOCABULARY PRACTICE 07
1 7A GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY Complete the text with 4 7D READING AND VOCABULARY Complete the sentences
one word in each gap. with the words from the box.

Over twenty thousand people took to the 1streets fat-shaming humiliated malicious misjudged
yesterday to rally 2against the government’s mocked multi-talented rethink shrugged
attempts to control the media. Protestors waved
3
placards and chanted the 4slogan ‘Free media! 1 They shrugged off their manager’s aggressive tone
Free speech!’. The recent jailing of several well-known and got on with the job.
journalists has caused a public 5outcry and already 2 You spread that malicious gossip about Ben because
led citizens to stage several 6protests recently. you wanted to hurt him.
Opposition politicians are lobbying for 7change and 3 Fat-shaming somebody because of their weight is
putting further 8pressure on the government to release a cruel thing to do.
the journalists. 4 Our group isn’t getting many new members; I believe
we should rethink our strategy.
2 7B VOCABULARY Complete the sentences with one
5 The girls humiliated the boys when they beat them
word in each gap.
4–2 at football.
1 Progress is being made on gender equality, but there
6 I think I misjudged Greg when I first met him because
is still a lot to be done to empower women.
he's actually a very pleasant man.
2 The persecution of migrant workers by greedy
7 Men are sometimes mocked for crying in public.
employers continues.
8 She’s a singer, dancer and actress – what a multi-
3 Domestic violence involves physical or psychological
talented girl!
abuse and control of a partner.
4 When neither parent is earning, children face the 5 7G WRITING AND VOCABULARY Complete the sentences
consequences of relative poverty . with one preposition in each gap.
5 This policy results in the victimisation of the poor, the 1 We need to discourage people from using plastic
sick and the disabled. products.
6 The number of hate crimes reported by minorities 2 Members of the public must not interfere in police
increases after terrorist attacks. business.
7 Fifty-four people have been arrested in a police 3 If I could wish for anything, it would be a world filled
operation to disrupt organised crime . with kindness.
8 Forcing immigrants to work for nothing is an example 4 Many families are struggling to get by on minimum
of modern slavery . wage earnings.
5 Hundreds of protesters gathered yesterday to
3 7C LISTENING AND VOCABULARY Complete the pairs of
demonstrate against violence.
sentences with the words in bold.
6 A large number of homeless people are struggling
1 TEST / PROVE
with addiction.
a We have to test all the new equipment before we
7 Charlie's been banned from driving for a year.
let the students use it.
8 The prime minister relates the rise in crime to an
b Scientists are now able to prove that black holes
increase in unemployment.
actually exist.
9 The police don't usually like to intervene in disputes
2 OVER / ABOVE
between family members.
a There are over 100 bridges in the city of Wroclaw,
10 We are here to campaign against child labour.
Poland.
b Above us now is the famous glass pyramid of the 6 ON A HIGH NOTE Choose one social issue from your
Louvre Museum. country that you are concerned about. Write a short
3 IN THE END / AT THE END paragraph explaining what could be done to tackle the
a At the end of a long day’s work in the fields, the problem.
fruit pickers shared a simple meal.
b They booked a table for seven, but in the end only
four people came.
4 EVADE / AVOID
a The killer managed to evade capture for over
twenty-three years.
b I try to avoid the supermarket at weekends.
5 ROSE / RAISE
a There have been many unsuccessful schemes to
raise the Titanic from the sea bed.
b The drone rose slowly into the sky.

© Pearson Central Europe, 2020 High Note 4 (B2/B2+) 85

 Unit self-check

GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY 4 Rewrite the sentences in reported speech using the
words in brackets.
1 Complete the sentences with the words from the box.
1 ‘Black doesn’t suit you.’ (agree)
delinquency oppressing placards slogans stance Gabriela agreed that black doesn't/didn't suit me.
streets
2 ‘I’ll give you a lift in my new car.’ (offer)
1 Some of the protesters were waving some very funny Abel offered to give me/us a lift in his new car .
placards. 3 ‘I’m not sharing a tent with Paulo.’ (object)
2 It’s time the people took a stance against extremism Francisco objected to sharing a tent with Paulo .
and hatred in this country.
4 ‘I simply will not walk in the rain.’ (refuse)
3 We’ve decided to take to the streets to show our
Hugo refused to walk in the rain .
support for endangered animals.
5 ‘Well done for passing your test, Carmen.’ (congratulate)
4 Shouting slogans is not going to help when what we
need is real action now. Larissa congratulated Carmen on passing her test .
5 Juvenile delinquency is extremely common in this 6 'Kelly, you should come up with a different solution.'
grey and depressing concrete-filled neighbourhood. (advise)
6 The government has been accused of oppressing free Noah advised Kelly to come up with a different solution .
speech.
/5
/5

2 Complete the sentences with one word in each gap. USE OF ENGLISH
1 The boxer was mocked for crying during his retirement 5 Complete the sentences with the correct words
speech. formed from the words in bold.
2 Am I supposed to just shrug off the fact that you’ve
spent all our savings? Fair-fight International is a non-profit
3 We should put pressure on the government to pass
1
organisation (ORGANISE) which offers free
laws protecting the environment. legal advice to those who need it. We help
4 School pupils are rebelling against the strict new victims of 2 institutional (INSTITUTION) racism
uniform rules. and those suffering because of gender
5 His poor eyesight prohibited him from becoming
3
inequality (EQUAL) in the workplace. We
a pilot. fight for victims of modern 4 slavery (SLAVE)
6 A lot of people demonstrated against plans to and families or individuals living in relative
expand the runway at the local airport.
5
poverty (POOR). If you have been 6 victimised
/5 (VICTIM) in some way or have suffered
discrimination, but cannot afford legal help,
3 Report the comments and questions. Only change the visit our website at www.ffifree4u.org.
tenses if necessary.
1 My wife and I are trying to eat fewer calories. /5
He says he and his wife are trying to eat fewer calories. 6 Choose the correct words a–d to complete the
2 What time did you arrive here yesterday? text.
She asked what time they/I had arrived there the day
before . The fall out between musicians Kim Simmons
3 Be quiet and pay attention! and Missy Galore continues this week after
He ordered us to be quiet and pay attention . Simmons caused a public 1    by tweeting
4 We had been preparing for the party all week.
a racist insult about Galore. Simmons 2    that
she had been intentionally racist and refused
They said (that) they had been preparing for the party
to apologise 3   the tweet. She said she didn’t
all week .
regret 4    the message, but has since been
5 The weather is always great on our island. banned 5    Twitter.
She says (that) the weather is always great on their
island. .
1 a change b outcry c pressure d defence
6 Direct action can make governments change their
plans. 2 a denied b evaded c reminded d promised
She said (that) direct action can/could make 3 a on b with c for d against
governments change their plans . 4 a post b to post c the post d posting
/5 5 a from b with c against d of

/5
/ 30

86 © Pearson Central Europe, 2020 High Note 4 (B2/B2+)

Matura self-check 07
1 Przetłumacz na język angielski fragmenty podane 3 Wykorzystując wyrazy podane drukowanymi
w nawiasach, tak aby otrzymać zdania logiczne literami, uzupełnij każde zdanie z luką, tak aby
i gramatycznie poprawne. Wymagana jest pełna zachować sens zdania wyjściowego (1–8). W każdą
poprawność ortograficzna wpisywanych fragmentów lukę można wpisać maksymalnie pięć wyrazów,
zdań. W każdą lukę możesz wpisać maksymalnie sześć wliczając wyraz już podany. Wymagana jest pełna
wyrazów. poprawność ortograficzna i gramatyczna wpisywanych
1 Fran advised us not to let anyone take (abyśmy nie fragmentów zdań. Nie zmieniaj formy podanych
pozwalali nikomu robić) photos during the conference. wyrazów.
2 The doctor recommended (that) I (should) test my 1 ’I’m sorry I’ve arrived late‘, said the inspector. FOR
blood (żebym zbadał krew) for glucose. The inspector apologised for arriving late .
3 The teacher warned the students against cheating 2 ‘I was not involved in illegal activity‘, said the student.
/ not to cheat (przestrzegł uczniów, aby nie ściągali) DENIED
during the test. The student denied being involved / that he had been
involved in illegal activity.
4 They cancelled the rally as they didn’t want to
3 ’We must act now‘, said the manager. TO
put anyone’s life in danger (narażać niczyjego życia).
The manager told us to act immediately.
5 How are you coping with (Jak sobie radzisz z) living
4 ’We want our leader to talk to the mayor!’, shouted
on your own, now that your family is away?
the protesters. INSISTED
6 My class declared that we would campaign / organise/ The protesters insisted on their leader talking / their
run a campaign against (przeprowadzimy kampanię leader talk to the mayor.
przeciwko) bullying at school. 5 ’You’ve done an amazing job, Sally!’, said the teacher.
7 Ever since I graduated from university, I have been DOING
inclined to think (skłaniam się do myślenia) that higher The teacher congratulated Sally on doing an amazing
education does not guarantee you success in life. job.
8 This time next Friday we will be protesting against 6 You can’t leave offensive comments under the posts.
(będziemy protestować przeciwko) climate change. ALLOWED
9 Young people should be encouraged to take a stance You are not allowed to leave offensive comments
against (aby zająć stanowisko przeciwko) cyberbullying. under the posts.
10 The company didn’t require me to (nie wymagała ode 7 My mum always insists that I stay at home on Fridays.
mnie) wear a suit in the office. MAKES
My mum always makes me stay at home on Fridays.
11 I will never forget begging / how I begged my
parents for (jak błagałem rodziców o) a scooter. 8 I don’t want you to criticise my ideas. RATHER
I would/‘d rather you did not criticise my ideas.
12 It’s hard to get used to being criticised (przyzwyczaić
się do bycia krytykowanym) in public. 4 Uzupełnij zdania, wykorzystując podane wyrazy
w odpowiedniej formie. Nie należy zmieniać kolejności
2 Uzupełnij luki (1–5), przekształcając jeden podanych wyrazów. Trzeba natomiast – jeżeli jest to
z wyrazów z ramki w taki sposób, aby powstał spójny konieczne – dodać inne wyrazy, aby otrzymać logiczne
i logiczny tekst. Wymagana jest pełna poprawność i poprawne gramatycznie zdania. W każdą lukę
gramatyczna i ortograficzna wpisywanych wyrazów. możesz wpisać maksymalnie sześć wyrazów.
Dwa wyrazy zostały podane dodatkowo i nie pasują
do żadnej luki. 1 The policeman said that he had been interviewing the
witness (interview / witness) for two hours before he
break rebel stage fair expend authority grow was called out.
2 She asked me what I had been / was doing at the
moment (do / moment) of the attack.
Why are people protesting? 3 The student council suggested that the school install
In recent years, mass protests have become (school / install) a new vending machine.
commonplace. In 2019 they 1 broke out in almost 4 The teacher criticised her students for being
every corner of the world. Since the beginning of time, (she / students / be) lazy.
protests 2 have been staged as an outlet for 5 The politician denied breaking / having broken the
marginalised groups to voice their frustration. Today, law (deny / break / law) during short interview he gave
people mostly object to rising food and fuel prices. on Monday.
Causes of demonstrations are often strictly political, 6 We talked about the countries we had visited
such as election fraud or abuse of power by the (countries / visit) during our exchange programme.
3
authorities . Most researchers agree that grievances 7 The Sun is a tabloid with one of the highest (one /
of all sorts are the leading cause of all protests. People high) sales figures in the UK.
feel that they have been treated in a(n) 4 unfair way 8 We contacted the media last week but no one
or they have experienced social or economic injustice. has answered our request (answer / request) yet.
Moreover, rapid economic 5 growth will only increase 9 They aren’t/won’t be able to expand (not / able /
the frequency of protests as the likelihood that expand) housing opportunities for the disabled.
a country will suffer political instability increases when 10 Even though I have known her for years (know /
the economy is developing fast. she / years), I don’t really understand her intentions.

© Pearson Central Europe, 2020 High Note 4 (B2/B2+) 87

 08 Digital perspectives

8A GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY

The passive
1 Rewrite the sentences in the passive.
1 This German company manufactures hybrid engines.
Hybrid engines are manufactured by this German company.
2 By 2025, you could embed a chip like this in your
wrist.
By 2025, a chip like this could be embedded in your
wrist .
3 Researchers are researching racial bias in facial
recognition software.
Racial bias in facial recognition software
is being researched .
4 Over two million people have downloaded this ‘body
tracking’ app.
3 Complete the sentences with the correct forms of
This ‘body tracking’ app has been downloaded by to be.
over two million people .
5 An insect caused the malfunction. 1 The burnt appliance could be smelled in every room of
The malfunction was caused by an insect . the house.
6 Somebody was regularly hacking into celebrities’ 2 Has he ever been asked to hack into a bank’s
smartphones. computer system before?
Celebrities’ smartphones were regularly being hacked 3 The facial recognition software is going to be
into . updated for the new model.
7 Burglars had triggered sensors in the device when 4 This device is dangerous and shouldn't be used by
they broke in. anyone under the age of sixteen.
Sensors in the device had been triggered by burglars 5 I was asked for my password every single time
when they broke in . I wanted to log in.
8 The smart device will alert owners if their dog steps
outside the yard. 6 You should all have been given a four-digit code.
Does everyone have it?
Owners will be alerted by the smart device if their
dog steps outside the yard . 7 The leaking batteries were found to be/to have been
9 Most people are going to use wearables in the near the cause of the malfunction.
future. 8 Have you got any insect spray? I really don’t fancy
Wearables are going to be used by most people in being eaten alive by mosquitoes.
the near future .
10 You should update the software in your fitness tracker
4 Complete the sentences with the correct passive
forms of the verbs from the box.
regularly.
The software in your fitness tracker should be call up employ invite persuade sell tell
updated regularly
1 I regret being persuaded to buy this phone. I shouldn’t
2 Complete the sentences with by or with. have listened to that sales assistant.
1 The first real smartphone was created by a company 2 I would really like to be employed by one of the
called IBM. giant tech companies once I graduate.
2 Our household appliances are made with only the 3 Do you ever complain about being called up at home
highest quality materials. by people trying to sell you things?
3 The original smartwatch was designed by the
4 Young people don’t need to be told how to use new
inventor, Steve Mann.
devices, they just know instinctively.
4 A device this simple can be operated by a young
5 The new phone implants are going to be sold in all
child.
kinds of shops.
5 The controversial sculpture was made with electronic
waste. 6 The head teacher congratulated them on
being invited to take part in the science fair.
6 Your pet can be tracked by selecting ‘live tracking’ mode.
88 © Pearson Central Europe, 2020 High Note 4 (B2/B2+)
 08
5 Complete the letter with the correct passive forms 7 USE OF ENGLISH Complete the second sentence
of the verbs in brackets. using the word in bold so that it means the same as the
first one. Use between two and five words, including
Dear Sir or Madam, the word in bold.
I am writing to complain about one of your company’s 1 I expect that the courier company will deliver the
smartwatches, which 1was given (give) to my son for parcel by four o’clock this afternoon. DELIVERED
his birthday last week. Firstly, it 2 was wrapped (wrap) in I expect the parcel to be delivered by four o’clock this
large amounts of unnecessary plastic packaging. Don’t afternoon.
you think your products 3 should be packed (should/ 2 The teacher said we mustn’t use our phones during
pack) in a more eco-friendly way? Secondly, the watch the exam. TOLD
clearly 4 hadn’t/had not been checked (not check) We were told not to use our phones during the exam.
before 5 being sent (sent) from your factory, as the 3 The fridge will automatically order more milk before
all-important charging cable 6 had not been included you run out. ORDER
(not include). Could a cable please 7 be sent (sent) to
More milk will be ordered by the fridge automatically
us as soon as possible? We would appreciate it if this before you run out.
8
could be done (could/do) without unnecessary
4 We ought to recycle old devices to avoid waste.
plastic packaging.
SHOULD
Yours faithfully, Old devices should be recycled to avoid waste.
Marjorie Baggins 5 The main material in this device is plastic. MADE
This device is made (mainly) with/of plastic.

6 Complete the mini-conversations with the correct 8 Complete the advert with the correct active or
passive forms of the verbs in brackets. passive forms of the verbs in brackets.

At home …
Martin Everyone knows you risk getting into trouble
for downloading films illegally.
Rachel Do you know of anyone who 1has been
caught (catch)?
Martin Well no, but I’m still worried about
2
being tracked (track) online, so I never do it.

In a department store …
Salesman All our large household appliances can
3
be found (find) on the second floor, sir.
Damian Thank you. And if I find what I need, can
I arrange for it 4 to be delivered (deliver)?
Salesman Certainly, though you 5 will be charged The Dingdong Smart Doorbell
(charge) a small fee for home delivery 1
is manufactured (manufacture) at our factory in
unless you spend over £500.
Portugal and to date over 10,000 Smart Bells
On the phone … 2
have been sold (sell) throughout Europe. Hans
Mia Hi, Randal. Where are you? Klingel, the famous tech engineer, 3 designed
Randal Mia! I overslept again. I’m on the way, but (design) this state-of-the-art device. So, what’s so
could you tell the boss something, like er … special about the Dingdong Smart Doorbell? You
like my car 6 was broken into (break into) last
4
can answer (can/answer) your door from
night or something? anywhere with your smartphone. Incredible but
Mia I don’t appreciate 7 being asked (ask) to true! The on-board camera 5 can be used (can/use)
make excuses for you, Randal. to see who’s at your door.
Randal I know, I’m sorry. Just one more time? Please? You can even let visitors into your home when
Mia One last time, Randal, and I expect you’re not there if you want. To activate this function,
8
to be taken (take) somewhere nice for the Smart Doorbell needs 6 to be paired (pair) with
lunch today as a thank-you. one of Dingdong’s smart locks. What 7 are you
Randal It’s a deal. Wherever you want. waiting (you/wait) for? Buy one now! Only £39.99
while stocks last!

9 ON A HIGH NOTE Write a short paragraph explaining

some of the functions of a pair of ‘smart shoes’. Use
several examples of passive structures.

© Pearson Central Europe, 2020 High Note 4 (B2/B2+) UNIT VOCABULARY PRACTICE > page 97 89
 8B SPEAKING AND VOCABULARY
1 Read the phrases. How do you say them in Polish? 3 Complete the sentences with one word in each gap.
1 The nighttime temperature remained steady
SPEAKING | Describing trends throughout August.
2 The club’s membership numbers stayed the same last
INTRODUCING DATA month.
The graph illustrates/In this graph, we can see sales of 3 Overall , the trend in sales of men’s beauty products is
smartphones over a six-month period. upwards.
4 Between 2018 and 2020, there was a gradual drop in
DESCRIBING CHANGES OVER TIME
the number of malfunctions experienced by users.
The number of online customers increased/rose slightly. 5 During the period shown on the graph, sales figures
Sales of fitness trackers grew/went up sharply. dropped slightly.
Users of smart clothing items declined/decreased 6 It is noticeable that there was no change in the
steadily. markets last week.
The number of online customers went down gradually. 7 The graph illustrates electricity usage over
Sales of fitness trackers dropped dramatically. a twenty-four-hour period.
The number of online customers stayed the same. 8 In this graph, we can see data relating to the number
Sales of fitness trackers remained steady. of IoT devices sold last year.

There is a slight increase/rise in the number of sales. 4 Complete the second sentence so that it means the
same as the first one.
There was a sharp/steady growth in the number of users.
1 The number of electronic cars produced increased
There has been a gradual decrease/fall in the number of
slightly that year.
customers.
There was a slight increase in the number of electronic
There will be a dramatic drop/decline in the number of
cars produced that year.
fitness trackers sold.
2 There has been a sharp decline in the insect
SUMMARISING DATA population this year.
Overall, the trend in this season is upwards/downwards. The insect population has declined sharply this year .
Between 2013 and 2018, sales of smart household 3 Battery-life will rise dramatically over the next five
appliances grew. years.
During the period shown on the graph, sales of smart There will be a dramatic rise in battery-life over the
household appliances went up. next five years .
It is noticeable that sales of smart household appliances 4 Sales of CDs are expected to fall significantly.
dropped over the last six months. There is expected to be a significant fall in sales of CDs .
5 There was a steady growth in production of wearable
2 Match statements 1–6 with graphs A–F. devices over the last three years.
1 B The number of users went up sharply. Production of wearable devices grew steadily over the
last three years .
2 E The number of users declined gradually.
6 The price of wireless speakers will decrease as the
3 C The number of users dropped dramatically. market develops.
4 A There was a steady rise in the number of users. There will be a decrease in the price of wireless
5 D The number of users stayed the same. speakers as the market develops .
6 F Overall, the trend in users is upwards.
5 Complete the description of a graph with the words
from the box.
A B C dramatic during gradually graph growth risen

In this 1graph, we can see that the number of people

using voice-activated devices to go online has
2
risen sharply again this year. When they were
first introduced, sales of such devices increased
3
gradually . Then, 4 during the period 2016–2018
5
growth remained steady before taking off again in
D E F 2019. Experts predict there will be further 6 dramatic
increases next year as prices drop and the range of
products expands.

6 ON A HIGH NOTE Go online and find a graph which

gives data over time on something that interests you.
Write several sentences describing the trends and
summarising the data.

90 UNIT VOCABULARY PRACTICE > page 97 © Pearson Central Europe, 2020 High Note 4 (B2/B2+)
8C VOCABULARY | Technology, synonyms 08
1 Complete the crossword. 3 Complete the sentences with one word in each
1 2 gap.
C O
1 Can your phone handle hi-res music files?
O B 2 Upgrade to Virustrap for just €1.99 per month.
3 4 5 3 Sales of the formerly obsolete audio-cassette have
L H M S O grown steadily in the last year.
A A P O U 4 The app is really poor, so expect to suffer through
6 7
plenty of bugs and glitches .
F U N C T I O N A L I T Y 5 This phone has a state -of-the-art camera, better than
P E D T E D any other currently on the market.
6 I used to have to remember to back up my files, but
G S L I T A these days it happens automatically.
7 The phone company said that it would fix the
R T E B E T
compatibility problems with its latest model.
8
B A C K U P I E 8 The cheaper tablets are OK for doing the basics, but
they don’t have the functionality of the best models.
D L D
4 Complete the mini-conversations with the words
E I in bold. There is one extra word in each group.
9
G L I T C H E S LATEST / OUTDATED / UPGRADE / HANDLE
Tina Are you still using those 1outdated old
Y headphones, Magid?
Magid Sure! I mean, there’s nothing wrong with them.
I’m not the kind of person who has to have
Across the 2 latest model of everything.
6 Everything a computer or piece of software can do. Tina Well, I know, but you love dance music so much
8 Make a copy of information held on a computer or that it seems a shame not to have headphones
other device. that can 3 handle the bass better.
9 Small problems or faults that prevent something from Magid Well, it is my birthday next month – if you know
working well. what I mean!
Down
GADGETS / STATE-OF-THE-ART / DATED / COMPATIBILITY
1 The ability for one piece of equipment or software to
be used with another. Tedra Have you thought about 4 compatibility ?
2 Not in use any more because something newer has Kosmo What do you mean?
been invented. Tedra Well, if you switch brands of gaming console
3 Newest or most modern. none of your old games will work.
4 Deal with something. Kosmo Hmm. You’re right. But all my games are so
5
dated now that it probably doesn’t matter.
5 No longer fashionable. Games are my thing. I’ve saved up the money
7 Change for something newer or better. myself, so I’m going to invest in
a 6 state-of-the-art console.
2 Choose the correct words to complete the sentences.
1 Very few of our new laptops have CD drives as CDs are BACK UP / BUGS / UPGRADE / APPLIANCES /
virtually obsolete / dated. OLD-FASHIONED
2 This shop is full of clever little gadgets / glitches that Felicity This laptop is full of 7 bugs – something goes
make excellent presents. wrong every ten minutes!
3 The fashions and haircuts from early episodes of the Iain Make sure you 8 back up your work then. You
sitcom Friends look very dated / obsolete now. really don’t want to lose your project.
4 Household appliances / devices such as dishwashers Felicity Oh, I will. Don’t worry. To be honest, I think it’s
and freezers are on sale this weekend. time for a(n) 9 upgrade – this one is nearly ten
years old.
5 If I need to make notes quickly, I still prefer a good
outdated / old-fashioned pen and paper. Iain Well, yes, it looks kind of 10 old-fashioned , and
it weighs a ton!
6 The app is designed to work on handheld gadgets /
devices rather than laptops. 5 ON A HIGH NOTE Imagine you can choose one
state-of-the-art technological device. Write a paragraph
explaining what you would choose and why.

© Pearson Central Europe, 2020 High Note 4 (B2/B2+) UNIT VOCABULARY PRACTICE > page 97 91
 8D READING AND VOCABULARY
1 Look at the photos and read the article quickly. What Vocabulary extension
do you think would be the best title for the article?
4 Match the highlighted words and phrases from the text
a Ray Kurzweil and his incredible inventions with the definitions.
b Predicting the future using artificial intelligence 1 No longer happens or exists. a thing of the past
c The man who sees the future 2 Guess something without any evidence. speculate
2 Read the article again and match headings A–H 3 Ability to predict the future. foresight
with paragraphs 1–6. There are two extra headings. 4 What will happen to someone in the future.
destiny
A A series of accurate predictions
B A man of many talents 5 Idea that claims to be scientific, but is not.
pseudo-science
C Future forecasts are often wrong
6 Develop or progress. advance
D Three reasons for believing in incredible future
7 The time when something happens. timing
E Reasons to be rational
8 People who claim to be able to predict the future.
F Say hi to machine-human hybrids fortune-tellers
G What’s around the corner?
H Anxious about the future 5 Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the
words and phrases from Exercise 4.
3 Read the text again and choose the correct answers. 1 Don’t let other people tell you what to do. You are in
1 Why does the writer use the example of the control of your own destiny!
millennium bug in Paragraph 1? 2 My cousin went to see a fortune-teller and was told
a To emphasise how technology can help us predict she would become famous one day.
the future. 3 I refuse to speculate about my exam results and
b To illustrate how difficult it is to predict the future would rather just wait and see.
accurately. 4 I can’t wait for the day when passwords become
c To suggest we are better at predicting the future a thing of the past – I can never remember mine!
now than twenty years ago. 5 Artificial intelligence is advancing so quickly that
d To explain how damaging and costly poor laws regarding safety can’t keep up.
predictions can be. 6 He had the foresight to sell his computer before
2 What does ‘stockpiled’ mean in line 14? something serious went wrong with it.
a Collected a supply of something for use in the future. 7 The timing of the storm meant huge delays to all the
b Bought something at a very high price. morning flights at the airport.
c Threw something out because it was out of date. 8 Don’t trust all the health advice you find online. There
d Waited a long time for something to be delivered. is a lot of false information and pseudo-science out
there.
3 The main purpose of Paragraph 2 is to
a list the jobs held by Ray Kurzweil.
b give examples of Kurzweil’s many inventions. ACTIVE VOCABULARY | Suffix -fold
c highlight Kurzweil’s ability to make accurate We can add the suffix -fold to any number word to make
predictions. an adverb or adjective meaning ‘a particular number of
d illustrate how famous Kurzweil is. times’ (e.g. twofold, thousandfold).
4 According to the author, what does Kurzweil The resulting words are often used with the words
sometimes get wrong? increase (n/v) or decrease (n/v).
a What will happen with computer technology. We'll be able to increase our intelligence a billionfold.
b Exactly when his predictions will happen.
c How machine language will develop.
6 Complete the sentences using the suffix -fold and the
information in brackets.
d In what ways our day-to-day lives will change.
1 Sales of our natural language interface device have
5 What does ‘that’refer to in line 63? increased fivefold (by 5 times) in the last year.
a People will need to pass the Turing Test. 2 There was a threefold (by 3 times) decrease in the
b Machines will become as intelligent as humans. number of visitors after the price of tickets was put up.
c Machines will become more intelligent than 3 The number of users has decreased twofold
humans. (by 2 times) since last week.
d People will live in a world of virtual reality. 4 Since last month, there has been a twentyfold
6 In Paragraph 6 the writer aims to (by 20 times) increase in the value of the company.
a reassure worried readers.
7 ON A HIGH NOTE Write a paragraph predicting how
b make a recommendation. technology might make life easier for students and
c convince sceptical readers. teachers in the future.
d issue a warning.

92 UNIT VOCABULARY PRACTICE > page 97 © Pearson Central Europe, 2020 High Note 4 (B2/B2+)
 1C
The idea of predicting the future has always fascinated
the human race. This desire to speculate has sometimes
08
led us to trust in pseudo-science or to believe fortune-
5 tellers who were probably more interested in our
money than our destiny. On a bigger scale, there have
been some spectacular failures in our efforts to predict
the future. Take for example the global panic created by
the ‘millennium bug’. This was the prediction that at
10 midnight on the first of January 2000, computers
around the world would crash and cause anything from
financial catastrophe to a nuclear meltdown!
Governments issued warnings, scientists searched for
solutions and worried members of the public stockpiled
15 food and medicine in fear of possible future shortages.
Then, at midnight … nothing happened.
2B
Obviously, it is incredibly difficult to predict the future,
… unless your name is Ray Kurzweil. Kurzweil is an
20 American author, entrepreneur, futurist and inventor.
He has twenty honorary doctorates and has received
honours from three U.S. presidents. Described as
‘the ultimate thinking machine’, he is the inventor
of technologies such as the scanner and a reading 45 4G
machine for the blind. However, Kurzweil is perhaps So going back to where we started, what fascinating
25 most famous for the accuracy of his predictions about predictions can Kurzweil provide for tomorrow’s world?
the future of technology. If you accept that his timing Well, first there’s good news for us all in terms of
was not always exact, an astonishing eighty-six percent health. Kurzweil predicts that within the next ten years
30 of them have come true. 50 or so, ‘nano-bots’ will begin to play an important role in
3A medicine. These tiny robots could help advance medical
The list of predictions that Kurzweil has got right is science to the stage where many of today’s diseases
incredible. Highlights include his 1990 forecast that by become a thing of the past. Next, when it comes to
2010, computers would be able to answer questions transportation, Kurzweil sees roads filled with self-
by accessing information wirelessly via the Internet. 55 driving cars which are so safe that we will no longer
35 As we all know, that one certainly came true! Nine be allowed to drive ourselves. And then there are his
years later he predicted that by 2009 we would be able longer-term predictions, and that’s where things begin
to talk to our computers and give them commands. to get a lot more bizarre.
While his timing may have been slightly inaccurate, the 5 F
technology was in the early stages of development by Kurzweil’s most talked-about forecast concerns the
40 2009 and in today’s world, natural language interfaces moment at which technology is expected to become
are everywhere. Again in 1999, Kurzweil said that 60 more intelligent than humans. He believes that by 2029,
computer displays would be built into glasses to artificial intelligence will be able to pass the ‘Turing
allow for augmented reality, and in 2005, he used his Test', which means it will have achieved the same level
incredible foresight to predict real-time translation. of intelligence as humans, and soon after that machine
intelligence will begin to advance beyond ours. Virtual
65 reality will start to feel 100 percent real by the 2030s
and by the end of that decade we will be able to copy
our consciousness electronically. Rather terrifyingly,
Kurzweil believes that by the 2040s, artificial
intelligence will be a billion times more capable
70 than us. He also says that by 2045, we will be able to
increase our own intelligence a billionfold by linking our
biological brains to artificial intelligence.
6D
If these awe-inspiring predictions sound like science
75 fiction to you, it’s worth remembering three things.
Firstly, how unbelievable his past forecasts would
have sounded when he made them. Secondly, the ever-
increasing rate at which technology is advancing. And
thirdly, his incredible and proven eighty-six percent
accuracy rate in predictions. One thing is for sure, you’ll
80 certainly be hearing more about Kurzweil and his
mind-blowing predictions in the future.

© Pearson Central Europe, 2020 High Note 4 (B2/B2+) 93

 8E LISTENING AND VOCABULARY
1 33 Listen to a radio interview about photo-sharing Pronunciation
apps. Choose two issues discussed on the show.
5 34 Read some sentences from the interview in
a amount of time users waste on these apps Exercise 1. Are the two underlined letters a in each
b impact of these apps on users’ mental health sentence pronounced the same or differently? Listen
c the chances of becoming famous through these apps and check.
d impact of these apps on tourist attractions 1 Our next guest used to be an influential
photo-sharing app star. pronounced differently
2 33 Listen to the interview again and choose 2 … but in actual fact it was deceptive because it was all
the correct answers. manufactured. pronounced the same
1 What did Lara like most about being an influencer? 3 The apparent positive aspect is part of the problem.
a modelling work c additional money pronounced differently
b free products d attention of others
2 Lara gave up being an influencer because she
ACTIVE PRONUNCIATION | The letter a
a felt stressed about maintaining her popularity. The letter a can be pronounced in many ways and the
b realised it was taking up too much of her time. spelling of a word is not always a clear guide to its
pronunciation. Two common ways of pronouncing a are:
c felt it was distracting her from her education.
• /æ/ like in cat, jam (with a very open mouth)
d worried about the effect it had on her followers.
• /ɑː/ like in start, father (at the back of the throat; this
3 How does Lara feel now about her former role? sound is also slightly longer)
a ashamed c proud
b stressed d worried
4 Lara advises those who may be worried by the issues
6 35 Listen to these pairs of words. Tick the word you
hear first.
discussed in the interview to
1 ✓ bark back
a delete their photos.
2 ✓ heart hat
b follow other people instead of influencers.
3 parking ✓ packing
c uninstall photo-sharing apps.
4 ✓ art at
d only follow people you know personally.
5 harm ✓ ham
5 According to the presenter, the main problem caused
by tourists taking photos at famous sights is the 6 ✓ aunt ant
a increased queuing time. 7 ✓ part pat
b impact on the environment. 8 hard ✓ had
c fact that views are being spoiled. 7 Write the words you ticked in Exercise 6 in the correct
d fact that all the photos are the same. place in the chart.

Vocabulary extension /æ/ cat /ɑː/ start

packing bark
3 Match the adjectives from the box, which you heard in
ham heart
the recording in Exercise 1, with their definitions.
had art
appealing endless envious influential upbeat
aunt
1 Able to change what people do or think. influential part
2 Attractive or interesting. appealing
3 Positive and cheerful. upbeat
4 Wanting something that someone else has. envious
8 Read the sentences aloud. Can you pronounce the
words with the underlined letter a correctly? Practise
5 In large quantities or for a long time. endless saying the sentences.
4 Complete the sentences with the adjectives from 1 Actually, there are massive problems in the city with
Exercise 3. both traffic jams and parking.
2 The acrobat’s manager handles his contracts and
1 I find the architecture of the city appealing.
travel plans.
2 He's very influential and should act responsibly.
3 My aunt was alarmed by the fast cars going past our
3 I'm envious of people who learn Maths easily. garden.
4 My piano teacher was very upbeat about my
progress, which made me feel great.
5 I've done endless revision, so I should pass my exams
with good grades.

94 UNIT VOCABULARY PRACTICE > page 97 © Pearson Central Europe, 2020 High Note 4 (B2/B2+)
8F GRAMMAR 08
Impersonal passive structures
1 Study patterns a–c and match them with sentences
1–6.
a It + passive + that clause
b subject + passive + to-infinitive
c subject + passive + perfect infinitive

1 c The designer is known to have been heavily

influenced by early Japanese computers.
2 a It is thought that the city’s schools will be
completely paperless within fifty years.
3 b 5G mobile networks are expected to greatly
improve Internet connection speeds.
4 a It was once believed that guided missiles would
be used to deliver post.
5 c The company is estimated to have sold nearly ten
million handsets in the last ten years.
6 b Sales of the company’s main product were
reported to be steady.

2 Choose the correct forms to complete the sentences.

1 It is / was said that high-speed rail travel would cause 4 Complete the sentences with the correct
people to stop breathing. impersonal passive forms of the words in brackets.
Sometimes more than one answer is possible.
2 Over half a million passwords are thought to be /
to have been stolen in the hack. 1 It is often remarked (often/remark) that too much
screen time is bad for your eyes.
3 It has often been remarked / remarking that the world
was a simpler place before the Internet. 2 IT graduates expect to be paid/are expected to be paid
(expect/pay) a high wage as soon as they graduate.
4 The Internet / It is thought that there are over 1.5
billion websites today. 3 Five people are believed to have been injured
(believe/injure) in yesterday’s accident.
5 It is being / was revealed that personal data had been
collected illegally by the company. 4 It is/was claimed (claim) that wi-fi signals are
harmless to birds and insects.
6 The hacker is thought to be / being a man in his
thirties living somewhere in southern Germany. 5 I was never expected to do (never/expect/do) this
in my last job.
3 Put the words in brackets in order to complete the
5 Rewrite the sentences using impersonal passive
sentences.
structures.
1 Experts thought this new invention would
Amazing facts revolutionise the way we communicate.
It was thought that this new invention would
ABOUT THE INTERNET revolutionise the way we communicate.
The Internet 1is thought to have contained (thought 2 Reports say the cause of the problem is a glitch in the
/ to / is / have contained) 5 million terabytes of software.
data in 2010. 2 It is expected that (is / it / that The cause of the problem is reported to be a glitch in
/ expected) by 2020, there will be 40 billion the software .
terabytes of data online. 3 The company thinks that over 40,000 cars have been
affected by the malfunction.
Of the nearly 2 billion websites 3 believed to exist
Over 40,000 cars are thought to have been affected
(to / exist / believed) today, it is estimated that less
by the malfunction .
than 200 million are actually active.
4 We expect the new model to sell very well indeed.
Instagram users 4 are reported to (to / are / reported)
The new model is expected to sell very well indeed .
upload 95 million photographs every day. Rather
5 Research has found that we send nearly 210 billion
sadly, 5 it is said that (said / is / it / that) 70% of
emails every day.
them are never looked at by anyone.
We have been found to send nearly 210 billion emails
The first email 6 is known to have been sent (known / every day .
have / is / to / been / sent) by a programmer called 6 People claim that technology has cost us our privacy.
Ray Tomlinson. Unfortunately, 7 it is not known It is claimed that technology has cost us our privacy .
(not / is / known / it) what the message was as
Tomlinson can’t remember! 6 ON A HIGH NOTE Use impersonal passive structures to
report six opinions or beliefs about teenagers.

© Pearson Central Europe, 2020 High Note 4 (B2/B2+) 95

 8G WRITING | A for-and-against essay
1
In recent years, it has become more and more common for those
suffering from minor illnesses and injuries to look for advice online.
Summarise the topic of the essay 2
While some people feel this is a helpful development, others consider
using your own words.
the practice to be unsafe.
In times of ill-health, people have always asked advice from
non-professional sources such as friends or family. Arguably, consulting
Outline both points of view which the Internet is no different and there may be clear benefits to doing
you are going to discuss. so. Simple medical problems can often be handled easily at home
with online help. If people are able to diagnose and treat their own
minor conditions, medical professionals may have more time to focus
on those with more serious problems. Another positive aspect of online
In the first main paragraph,
advice is that it may lead to a faster return to health, and therefore less
give arguments in favour of the
disruption to work and life.
situation.
3
In spite of these potential benefits, a major disadvantage of consulting
the Internet for medical advice is the trustworthiness of the information
provided. It is widely agreed that a significant amount of online advice
In the second main paragraph, is poor or even dangerous. Of course, some websites are operated
give arguments against the by professional health care providers. Nonetheless, misinformation is
situation. common, especially on public forums. Even though contributors to
these forums may be well-meaning, they are not usually medically
trained and are not held responsible for the guidance they give. 4Many
people are of the opinion that following this kind of amateur advice
In the conclusion, summarise the
could make a medical condition worse or lead to unnecessary worry
main points of the essay and offer
your opinion. because of a wrong diagnosis.
5
In conclusion, it is clear that medical information on the Internet
should be used with caution. Although online advice may help
people to treat themselves, there is significant danger of the spread
of misinformation and of making someone’s health worse rather
than better. 6In my considered opinion, unless a source is completely
trustworthy, it is better to consult a professional.

1 Read the essay. Match phrases a–f with underlined

ACTIVE WRITING | Rozprawka argumentacyjna
parts 1–6 from the essay with a similar meaning.
a 2 Whereas 1 Zaplanuj swoją rozprawkę:
b 4 It is argued by many people that • Przemyśl zagadnienie podane w poleceniu
i sformułuj odpowiednią tezę. Nawiąż w niej do obu
c 1 Nowadays it is extremely common aspektów zagadnienia.
d 3 Despite • Przygotuj argumenty za i przeciw, które wykorzystasz
e 6 As far as I’m concerned w rozwinięciu.
f 5 It seems sensible to conclude that 2 Napisz swoją rozprawkę:
• Pamiętaj, aby rozwinięcie i zakończenie były spójne
2 Read the essay again. Decide which of the following z tezą przedstawioną we wstępie.
are Does, and which are Don'ts.
• Wykorzystaj zwroty i wskazówki z tabeli Writing
1 Include a title. Don't (Student’s Book, str. 117).
2 Use a formal style. Do • Podziel swój tekst na akapity, pamiętaj o właściwych
3 Give your own opinion in the introduction. Don’t proporcjach wstępu, rozwinięcia i zakończenia.
4 Introduce and evaluate arguments on both sides. Do 3 Sprawdź, czy twój tekst:
5 Use a variety of structures to present contrasts. Do • omawia podane zagadnienie w przejrzysty sposób,
6 Use some impersonal passive structures. Do analizując jego dobre i złe strony,
• jest poprawny pod względem gramatycznym,
3 WRITING TASK Coraz więcej osób robi zakupy leksykalnym i ortograficznym,
za pomocą internetu, nie odwiedzając tradycyjnych • mieści się w limicie 200–250 słów.
sklepów i galerii handlowych. Napisz rozprawkę,
w której przedstawisz zalety i wady takiej formy
robienia zakupów.

96 © Pearson Central Europe, 2020 High Note 4 (B2/B2+)

UNIT VOCABULARY PRACTICE 08
1 8A GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY Complete the 5 8D READING AND VOCABULARY Replace the underlined
sentences with the correct forms of the words in parts with the correct forms of the phrasal verbs from
brackets. the box.
1 You can unlock your phone using the selfie cam and break off eat away at end up fit in with go through
the facial recognition (recognise) software. hold down
2 A malfunction (function) at a nuclear power plant is
a very serious problem. 1 People stopped what they were doing to watch the
3 The sensors (sense) in the car allow it to park itself beautiful sunset. broke off
without the driver’s help. 2 We travelled across Europe and finished in Kraków.
4 All household (house) appliances will be connected ended up
to the Internet of Things. 3 I’ve never experienced the break-up of a serious
5 The history of wearable (wear) technology began relationship. gone through
hundreds of years ago with the watch. 4 I wasn’t like the other kids at school. didn’t fit in with
5 Gina managed to do her job for six months before it
2 8A GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY Complete the got too much and she quit. held down/managed to
sentences with one word in each gap. hold down
1 The microchip carries a unique number and is 6 Jasmine’s poor exam results reduced her confidence.
embeded under the skin of your dog’s neck. ate away at
2 The government’s secret database was hacked into
over the weekend. 6 8D READING AND VOCABULARY Complete the sentences
with the words from the box.
3 This device will alert your doctor if your blood
pressure drops to a dangerously low level. hypersensitivity meltdown neurotypical overload
4 The heating in the house can be controlled using overwhelming
a smart device such as a phone or tablet.
1 Legend says vampires suffer from hypersensitivity to
5 Smart clothing makes it possible to track your body's
light.
fat and water content.
2 Derek covered his eyes due to the sensory overload
3 8B SPEAKING AND VOCABULARY Choose the correct he experienced in the street.
words to complete the text. 3 ‘ Neurotypical ’ is a word used by autistic people to
describe people who do not have autism.
The graph illustrates the sales of our product – the
tracking undies. They became immediately popular, 4 The menu is so large that many customers find it
and between 2016 and 2019 their sales 1dropped / overwhelming and prefer to ask for a
increased steadily from fifty thousand a year to around recommendation.
seventy thousand a year. Overall, it’s a(n) 2 upward / 5 Frustration, anxiety, stress and depression together can
downward trend: sales are predicted to continue to lead to what some people call an emotional meltdown .
3
rise / decrease slightly to around seventy-five
thousand a year in 2021 before 4 growing / declining 7 8E LISTENING AND VOCABULARY Complete the text with
more 5 sharply / steadily between 2021 and 2023 to the words from the box.
a hundred thousand a year. We expect a gradual
curate deceptive enhance features flattering
6
decline / growth starting in 2025 so we need a new
flaws superficial
product by 2022.
Appearances can be 1deceptive. Most of the photos in
4 8C VOCABULARY Complete the online review with the
magazine adverts have been digitally altered to
words from the box. 2
enhance how the models look and present a more
compatibility device handle latest outdated 3
flattering picture of their physical attributes. Spots,
state-of-the-art upgrade wrinkles and other 4 flaws in their skin may have been
removed just like their body shapes and facial
The 1latest smart speaker from Target-tech was
5
features may have been changed significantly. On
released just yesterday. The Room-fill 2.0 is a 6 superficial level, this may result in a more beautiful
a 2 state-of-the-art piece of equipment for those image, but looking deeper, these ‘fake’ images may
looking to 3 upgrade their 4 outdated audio speakers in fact be harmful to the young people viewing them.
with a conveniently portable 5 device . The speaker Some young men and women make huge efforts to
boasts excellent 6 compatibility with any computer, 7
curate a model-like image on their social-media
tablet, TV or smartphone. It is also able to 7 handle feeds, but what they are aiming for might be
high volumes with no impact on its excellent sound unachievable without digital alterations and lead to
quality.
low self-esteem.

8 ON A HIGH NOTE Write a paragraph about an old or

outdated gadget or device you own and give details of
what you would like to replace it with.

© Pearson Central Europe, 2020 High Note 4 (B2/B2+) 97

 Unit self-check

GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY 4 Rewrite the sentences using impersonal passive

structures.
1 Choose the correct words to complete the sentences.
1 They think that the device exploded during the flight.
1 My computer crashed last night – thank goodness I’d
backed up / held down my files. It is thought that the device exploded during the flight.
2 At first, they reported that the killer was innocent.
2 I’m going to end up / break off from studying and
make some lunch in a minute. At first, it was reported that the killer was innocent .
3 Nobody is perfect – we all have our attributes / flaws . 3 Experts have claimed that a bird caused the accident
when it flew into the engine.
4 Kerry found that meeting her father for the first time
was a(n) overwhelming / flattering experience. A bird has been claimed to have caused the accident
when it flew into the engine .
5 A serious functionality / malfunction with the city’s
4 Cyber police revealed that hackers had accessed the
water system means no water for the next three hours.
bank’s security system.
/5 Hackers were revealed to have accessed the bank’s
security system .
2 Complete the sentences with one word in each gap.
5 We know that the students are safely back at school.
1 My granddad still has bits of metal embedded in his The students are known to be safely back at school .
leg after fighting in the war.
6 In 1916, people thought that cinema would never
2 At the museum of obsolete technology we display become popular.
technology that is no longer used by society.
In 1916, it was thought that cinema would never
3 Are you sure you have the latest version of the become popular .
software installed? /5
4 A wave of anxiety hit Karin when she realised it was 4
a.m. and Maxwell still wasn’t home.
USE OF ENGLISH
5 This is such a flattering picture of you; it makes you
look even more beautiful than usual. 5 Complete the online post with one word in each
6 This browser is dated and doesn’t function as fast as gap.
the latest versions.
/5 Statistics show that there is a steady growth 1in
the number of household appliances we buy.
3 Complete the sentences with the correct forms of to be. What makes me furious is that so many perfectly
1 Spectators are required to be quiet while the game is good devices such as fridges and washing
in progress. machines end up 2 being thrown away simply
2 I don’t enjoy being watched while I eat.
because the owners prefer to have the latest
model. 3 It is often claimed that this is normal
3 Any malfunctions should be picked up by the sensors
in our modern, consumer society. People say
and shown on this screen.
I should calm 4 down and accept that there is
4 Old devices and appliances were recycled here free nothing I can do personally, but the general
of charge until recently.
lack of concern for the environment is eating
5 Our smartwatches have been designed and built by 5
away at me and I feel something 6 needs to
Swiss professionals for the last six years. be done to raise awareness of the issue. That’s
6 The new gadget produced by this company isn't why I’ve started this social media group.
to be / being sold in Europe.
/5 /5

6 Complete the sentences with the correct words

formed from the words in bold.

Space Captain Varanessi realised that the door of

her ship wouldn’t open because the 1facial (FACE)
recognition software had stopped working. It was
meant to have been 2 upgraded (GRADE) during the
last service at Home Station AZ-57. The ship’s old
computer was virtually obsolete compared to the
3
latest (LATE) models and to keep flying she needed
a system with much better 4 functionality (FUNCTION).
It was often remarked that 5 outdated (DATE) ships
such as hers were ‘accidents waiting to happen’ and
she worried that the risk to her crew was going up
6
dramatically (DRAMA) with every passing day.

/5
98 / 30
© Pearson Central Europe, 2020 High Note 4 (B2/B2+)
Matura self-check 08
1 Przetłumacz na język angielski fragmenty podane 3 Przeczytaj tekst. Z podanych odpowiedzi wybierz
w nawiasach, tak aby otrzymać zdania logiczne właściwą, tak aby otrzymać logiczny i gramatycznie
i gramatycznie poprawne. Wymagana jest pełna poprawny tekst. Zakreśl jedną z liter: a, b, c albo d.
poprawność ortograficzna wpisywanych fragmentów
zdań. W każdą lukę możesz wpisać maksymalnie sześć Your digital footprint
wyrazów.
Your digital footprint is a record of your online activity
1 The new VR headset is believed/thought/considered that you leave behind every time you use the Internet.
to be (jest uważany za lepszy) than the previous model. A common comparison is the footprint you leave behind
2 Nowadays, more and more / increasing numbers of when you walk along a beach. 1 does your
accidents are being caused (coraz więcej wypadków footprint show where you’ve been, it also indicates
jest powodowanych) by young drivers. where you are going. Unlike a beach footprint, which will
3 In the future, new machines will be used to do (będą eventually 2 , you should assume that anything
używane do wykonywania) the jobs that people refuse you share online will stay there permanently. That’s why
to do today. it’s important to think twice before making 3
4 Animal testing must / has to be constantly monitored what content you share online. The moment you post
(musi być stale monitorowane). something, you lose control of it – it 4 copied
5 Smart glasses are designed to look like (są tak and shared to attract unwelcome attention. An
zaprojektowane, aby wyglądały jak) regular glasses. undesirable digital footprint will 5 your
6 The number of people using wearables has relationships with people online and offline, and
significantly/noticeably/dramatically increased / has create a profile that may limit your future opportunities.
increased noticeably/dramatically/significantly
(znacznie wzrosła) in the last decade. 1 a Rarely b Not only
7 It is said that (Mówi się, że) the Internet is our c Hardly d No sooner
window to the world. 2 a fade away b go through
8 The demonstration is reported to have started c break off d wipe out
(według doniesień zaczęła się) in the heart of London. 3 a an impact b a difference c a point d a choice
9 The computer that I bought ten years ago has already 4 a should be b would be c can be d must be
become obsolete (już stał się przestarzały). 5 a control b affect c stimulate d break
10 Constant fear makes us vulnerable to (sprawia,
że stajemy się podatni na) various diseases. 4 Wykorzystując wyrazy podane drukowanymi
11 The teacher suggested that we (should) take part in literami, uzupełnij każde zdanie z luką, tak aby zachować
(żebyśmy wzięli udział w) the ecology competition. sens zdania wyjściowego (1–8). W każdą lukę można
wpisać maksymalnie pięć wyrazów, wliczając wyraz
12 Human drivers are not required/needed/necessary to już podany. Wymagana jest pełna poprawność
(nie są potrzebni, aby) drive self-driving cars. ortograficzna i gramatyczna wpisywanych fragmentów
zdań. Nie zmieniaj formy podanych wyrazów.
2 W zadaniach 1–6 uzupełnij luki, wpisując wyraz,
który poprawnie uzupełnia luki we wszystkich trzech 1 We haven’t told anyone about the failure of our
zdaniach. online project. TOLD
No one has been told about the failure of our online
1 This smart device can protect you against burglaries.
project.
This was a very smart move!
You look smart in these trousers. 2 How could I remember so many details? SUPPOSED
How am I supposed to remember so many details?
2 I can’t handle people who talk too much.
Please, handle the box with care. 3 A lot of people would find it hard to survive on such
The boss was not able to handle the situation well. a low income. ENDS
A lot of people would find it hard to make ends meet
3 We haven’t seen a single drop of rain for weeks.
on such a low income.
Last month the company had a big drop in new
orders. 4 They expect to introduce the new law next year.
The media aren't letting the matter drop so EXPECTED
the family is getting upset. A new law is expected to be introduced next year.
4 A good speaker must be able to engage their 5 The idea of students wearing VR glasses does not
audience. appeal to me. RATHER
We’d like to engage with the local community as I would (‘d) rather students did not (didn’t) wear VR
much as possible. glasses.
When are you going to engage in regular exercise? 6 As soon as he unpacked his suitcase, he noticed that
5 In winter, I used to throw snowballs at my friends. his tablet was missing. HAD
Will you throw a party to celebrate the anniversary? No sooner had he unpacked his suitcase than he
I can’t afford to throw any food away. realised that his tablet was missing.
6 He had to face his fear and despair but he didn’t give up. 7 I don’t like it when someone watches me on camera.
Put your phones on your desks, face down. BEING
We need to face the facts and move on. I don’t like / dislike being watched on camera.
8 People believed that Steve Jobs had no friends. WAS
It was believed that Steve Jobs had no friends.
© Pearson Central Europe, 2020 High Note 4 (B2/B2+) 99
 09 Highs and lows

9A GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY

Conditionals 3 Read the sentences. Then choose the correct words
to complete explanations a and b.
1 Match the two parts of the sentences.
1 If video games weren’t so costly, I’d buy a new one
1 b Unless you’re very well-off,
every month.
2 a Viola wouldn’t run out of cash every month
a Video games are / aren’t costly.
3 f You can live on very little
b I buy / don’t buy a new one every month.
4 e If money grew on trees,
2 If Snoopy had entered the Surf Dog competition, he
5 d My parents wouldn’t be as well-off as they are would definitely have won.
6 c If you hadn’t received an inheritance, a He entered / didn’t enter the competition.
a if she didn’t splash out every time she went shopping. b He won / didn’t win .
b you’ll need to borrow money to buy a house. 3 If you don’t buy the car today, it will be more
expensive tomorrow.
c you might actually have needed to work for a living.
a You are recommended / not recommended to buy the
d if I’d gone to a costly private school. car today.
e I wouldn’t have had to work so hard all my life. b The car costs more / less today than it will tomorrow.
f if you manage your finances carefully. 4 If we were affluent, we would’ve bought a big flat.
2 Match types of conditionals a–f with sentences 1–6 a We are / aren’t affluent.
from Exercise 1. b We bought / didn’t buy a big flat.
a 3 Zero conditional: a situation that the speaker 5 If Anastasia’s business had been more lucrative, she
considers always or generally true. wouldn’t be trying to sell it.
b 1 First conditional: a situation that the speaker a Anastasia’s business was / wasn’t lucrative.
considers likely to happen in the future. b She is / isn’t trying to sell it.
c 2 Second conditional: a hypothetical or improbable
situation in the present or future. 4 Complete the sentences with the phrases from the
d 6 Third conditional: a hypothetical situation in the box. There are three extra phrases.
past. cancel don’t struggle ’ll pick you up weren’t
e 5 Mixed conditional: the present consequences of weren’t struggling would have to wouldn’t be feeling
a hypothetical past situation. wouldn’t need you will cancel
f 4 Mixed conditional: the effects of a hypothetical
1 If we spent more on society and less on defence,
present situation on the past.
fewer people would have to live in hardship.
2 If we’d eaten breakfast, we wouldn’t be feeling
so hungry now.
3 If our house hadn’t been burgled, I wouldn’t need
a replacement passport.
4 I ‘ll pick you up at 6 p.m. outside the shopping centre
unless I hear differently.
5 If we weren’t struggling for money, I’d have bought
my fiancée a nicer ring.
6 Cancel your bank cards immediately if you lose your
wallet.

100 © Pearson Central Europe, 2020 High Note 4 (B2/B2+)

 09
5 Complete the mini-conversations with the correct 7 Complete the sentences with unless, if or, where
forms of the verbs in brackets. Use short forms where possible, when.
possible. 1 Unless you pay me back right now, I’m going to tell
David If you weren’t so cute, I 1wouldn’t have rescued Mum and Dad.
(not rescue) you from the dog shelter, right? 2 You’ll laugh when/if I tell you what happened to me
Boomer Woof! yesterday.
3 If you don’t feel like going then don’t go!
Ashley If I 2 ‘d passed (pass) my exams, I would be at
4 Don’t bother making coffee for me unless you’re
university now.
making one yourself.
Lucy True, but at least you are earning money rather
5 If I told you a secret, would you be able to keep it?
than getting into debt.
6 When the clock strikes midnight, the race will begin.
Marcus Don’t you know what to do?
Lisa Marcus, if I knew what to do, I 3 wouldn’t have
8 Use the prompts to write conditional sentences.
Use short forms where possible.
asked/wouldn’t be asking (not ask) for your help.
1 Jerry went to hospital straight away. He didn’t become
Alma I thought you were one of those unusual seriously ill.
people who don’t like chocolate. If Jerry hadn't gone to hospital straight away, he'd have
Will If I 4 didn’t like (not like) chocolate, become seriously ill.
I wouldn’t have made chocolate cake, would I? 2 Sara visited Spain and loved it. She is learning Spanish
now.
Jarvis If I was richer, I 5 would have donated/would If Sara hadn’t visited Spain and loved it, she wouldn’t
donate (donate) some money to help the poor be learning Spanish now.
people affected by the last hurricane. 3 Mina is extremely tall. She can reach the top cupboard
Thabo I guess you could donate some goods instead. in the kitchen.
If Mina wasn’t extremely tall, she couldn’t/wouldn’t be
Yang If you 6 hadn’t been (not be) so extravagant able to reach the top cupboard in the kitchen.
during your last shopping trip, you’d have 4 I didn’t study hard. I don’t have an offer for a place at
enough money left to go out this weekend. university.
Pierre I know, I know! Could I borrow £20? If I’d studied hard, I’d have an offer for a place at
university.
6 USE OF ENGLISH Choose the correct words a–c to 5 Rebekah doesn’t like heights. We didn’t go up the
complete the text. Eiffel Tower.
1 a aren’t b weren’t c wouldn’t be If Rebekah liked heights, we’d have gone up the Eiffel
Tower.
2 a ’re b ’d c ’ll
6 Hagen didn’t have his hair cut. He looks scruffy.
3 a unless b as c when
If Hagen had had his hair cut, he wouldn’t look scruffy.
4 a buy b bought c ’d buy
5 a mightn’t b might c will 9 ON A HIGH NOTE Write a paragraph explaining how
6 a would be b is c will be your life would have been different if you’d grown up
in a different country.

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© Pearson Central Europe, 2020 High Note 4 (B2/B2+) UNIT VOCABULARY PRACTICE > page 109 101
 9B LISTENING AND VOCABULARY
1 36 Listen to four people talking about apologising Pronunciation
and complete the notes with one word in each gap.
5 37 Listen to some sentences from the recording in
1 Speaker 1 has fallen out with his sister. Exercise 1.Then hum the intonation of the underlined
2 Speaker 2 lives in Taiwan . phrases to trace how the voice rises and falls.
3 Speaker 3 used to be a bully . 1 Just yesterday, we were driving around looking for
4 Speaker 4 gossiped about a friend . this shop she wanted to go to.
2 To be honest, apologising is kind of like a habit in
2 36 Listen again. What does each person say Taiwan, and I think it makes it less genuine.
about apologising? Match speakers 1–4 with sentences 3 Before long, it had spread and I spent forty-eight
a–g. There are three extra sentences. hours feeling awful and then decided I couldn’t stand
Speaker 1 g Speaker 3 a it anymore.
Speaker 2 b Speaker 4 d

a Apologies are not always welcome.

ACTIVE PRONUNCIATION
Intonation in adverbial phrases
b If you overuse the word ‘sorry’, it loses its meaning.
English intonation has a pattern which falls and rises
c Apologies are necessary for society to function
again within one phrase. We can use this fall-rise tone in
properly.
adverbial phrases.
d Feelings of guilt can be reduced by apologising.
• actually (æk ʧʊə li)
e If someone apologises, you ought to forgive them. • in my opinion (ɪn maɪ əˈpɪn jən)
f Consider apologising even for things that aren’t your • to be honest (tə bi ˈɒn ɪst )
fault.
g Apologise for small things before they cause greater
conflict. 6 38 Listen to some more adverbial phrases and
repeat, paying particular attention to the fall-rise
Vocabulary extension intonation pattern.
1 Ac\tual/ly, … 3 To tell you the tru\ /th, …
3 Complete the sentences, which you heard in the
2 On the wh\ /ole, … 4 As you kno\ /w, …
recording in Exercise 1, with the verbs from the box.
acknowledge admitting learned make offer 7 39 Look at the short text and listen. Find the
take phrases that follow the fall-rise tone pattern. Read the
text aloud.
1 It's not easy to acknowledge your mistakes and say
sorry. Re\cent/ly, I’ve been feeling much better. To be
per\fectly ho/nest, it’s the best I’ve felt for a long time.
2 In most situations she is incapable of admitting that It’s hard to say what’s happened, but in my\ opin/ion
she’s wrong. it’s all down to positive thinking.
3 Her ‘shortcut’ actually took twice as long, but did she
take the blame or offer an apology? 8 Work with a partner. Practise reading the dialogue.
4 So when I saw him recently in a coffee shop, I decided Adam Have you got any interesting plans for summer?
to try and make amends.
Ben Actually, we aren’t doing anything special this
5 You could say that the experience was a blessing in year. Travelling is so expensive.
disguise because I learned some important lessons.
Adam If you ask me, it’s OK to splash out from time to
time.
4 ON A HIGH NOTE Write a short note to a friend
apologising for something you said or did that upset Ben To tell you the truth, that’s what I told my family,
them. but I couldn’t change their minds.
Adam In my opinion, it’s worth going away even if it’s
just for a couple of days.

102 UNIT VOCABULARY PRACTICE > page 109 © Pearson Central Europe, 2020 High Note 4 (B2/B2+)
9C VOCABULARY | Chance and risk 09
1 Complete the puzzle with the missing parts of the
binomials. What is the mystery binomial?
3 8
T L
4
O T A
1 2 5 6 7
U G U A T S M T

P I C K and C H O O S E

S V H E E U R R

E I R N E

T E D

1 and downs 5 and then

2 and take 6 safe and 4 Complete the sentences with chance, risk, luck
3 and go 7 or less or opportunity. Sometimes more than one answer is
possible.
4 or leave it 8 sooner or
1 The risk of injury or even death is very high for
The mystery binominal is ‘pick and choose’ . base-jumping wing-suit flyers.
2 Replace the underlined parts with the binominals 2 You’ve won three games in a row now – what luck !
from Exercise 1. 3 It’s already 10 p.m. so there is very little chance of me
1 Wherever my cat has disappeared to, I just hope he’ll staying awake for a whole film.
come home with no problems. safe and sound 4 Given the chance/opportunity , I’d love to take a sports
2 Visitors to the museum can select from over 100 car out for a drive.
arcade games from the 80s and 90s. pick and choose 5 The country simply must grab this opportunity/chance
3 Don’t be too hard on yourself. After all, most people to host the next Olympic Games.
fail at something at some point. sooner or later 6 By chance I looked down and saw that I’d dropped
4 Like every business we have our good and bad times my keys.
but generally we are successful. ups and downs 7 Don’t miss this once in a lifetime opportunity/chance
5 I can’t sell it for less than £100. That’s my lowest price to meet your favourite TV stars face-to-face!
– accept it or don’t. take it or leave it
5 Complete the mini-conversations with suitable
6 Compromise is the recipe for success in a long-term binominals.
relationship. Give and take
Kerem I was worried about you Azize! I’m so glad you
7 We are almost finished here so I can meet you in are home 1safe and sound.
about half an hour. more or less
Azize I said I’d be back by 9 o’clock and it’s ... ten past
8 I told him immediately that if he lied to me again, our so I’m 2 more or less on time.
friendship would be over. there and then
9 It was uncertain whether the rescue team would be Fidel The neighbours were arguing again last night.
able to save the man in the cave. touch and go Eduardo Hmm, that sucks. I suppose every couple have
their 3 ups and downs .
3 What does the word chance mean in the sentences
below? Choose O for opportunity, P for possibility, Fidel I guess it’s true what they say about
R for risk or L for luck. compromise; a successful relationship requires
plenty of 4 give and take .
1 If I had the chance to try skydiving, I’d take it. O/P/R/L
2 The chances are we’ll win the match unless Ryu I’m making omelettes, if you want one.
Scoggins gets injured. O/P/R/L
Satoshi Omelettes, huh? Not very exciting. How about
3 This is your chance to show what a superb something else?
singing voice you have. O/P/R/L
Ryu It’s omelettes or nothing, 5 take it or leave it .
4 The lost manuscript was found by chance
Satoshi Hmm. Omelettes would be lovely, thanks.
during renovations at the museum. O/P/R/L
5 There’s a chance we’ll have to cancel the Clive You really need to wear a helmet when you’re
BBQ if the weather is really bad. O/P/R/L on your bike, Lenny. 6 Sooner or later you’re
6 I discovered this dish by chance when going to injure yourself. It’s only a matter of time!
I added salt instead of sugar. O/P/R/L Lenny I know, but I can’t afford to buy one this month.
7 There’s almost no chance you’ll win I’ll get one soon.
the game. O/P/R/L

© Pearson Central Europe, 2020 High Note 4 (B2/B2+) UNIT VOCABULARY PRACTICE > page 109 103
 9D READING AND VOCABULARY
1 Look at the photos of Ellie Simmonds. Who do you think Vocabulary extension
she is? What might she have taken a gap year from?
Read the introduction to the article and check your
4 Match the highlighted words from the text with the
definitions.
ideas. She’s a Paralympic swimming gold medallist. She
took a gap year from her sports career. 1 Walked around without a specific purpose. wandered
2 Read the text and match headings A–H with 2 Appear or become known. emerge
paragraphs 1–6. There are two extra headings. 3 Person who does not belong to a group. outsider
A Taking risks 4 Put in prison. jailed
B Finding my global community 5 People who are the same age or have the same job/
C The search for anonymity social position, etc. peers
D Finding a new direction 6 Careful because you are worried someone/something
may be harmful. wary
E Overcoming my fears
F Citizen of the world 5 Complete the sentences with the words from
G Living out of a suitcase Exercise 4.
H Learning the kindness of strangers 1 When I first started at my new school, I felt like an
outsider, but now I have lots of friends.
3 Read the article again and choose the correct 2 The famous singer was jailed for two months after
answers. being caught avoiding taxes.
1 What does Ellie say about being a traveller in 3 It’s better not to lie because the truth will almost
Paragraph 1? always emerge in the end.
a Having a foreign accent doesn't help you make 4 Teenagers usually choose to spend their free time
friends. with their peers .
b It’s easy for a famous person to travel abroad 5 We wandered around the affluent part of the city and
anonymously. saw some rather extravagant architecture.
c Locals are more honest with you because you’re 6 Ken is wary of splashing out on designer clothes and
a stranger. shoes.
d People are curious about you because you are an
outsider.
ACTIVE VOCABULARY | Suffix -ist
2 How did Ellie feel when the Thai man helped her
across the road? The suffix -ist can be added to certain nouns to describe
a She was annoyed by his assumptions. a person who practises or is concerned with something,
or who holds certain beliefs.
b She was embarrassed by the situation.
• A psychiatrist is someone who practices psychiatry.
c She misunderstood his intentions.
• A socialist is someone who believes in socialism.
d She understood his reasons.
• A gold medallist is someone who has won a gold medal.
3 Why does Ellie say she wants to go into teaching?
a Because she loves children and wants to go to
university.
6 Complete the definitions with the correct nouns
ending in the suffix -ist. Use a dictionary to help you if
b Because she feels she has a valuable lesson to teach necessary.
children.
1 A novelist is someone who writes novels.
c Because she plans to end her swimming career.
2 An extremist is someone who holds extreme beliefs.
d Because that’s what her parents want her to do.
3 A linguist is someone who is concerned with
4 Why does Ellie refer to herself as ‘just Ellie’ in language and linguistics.
Paragraph 6?
4 A motorcyclist is someone who owns and/or rides
a Because she felt more confident of herself after her a motorcycle.
trip.
5 An economist is someone who is concerned with the
b Because she wasn’t travelling in connection with her economy.
swimming career.
6 A finalist is someone who makes it to the final of
c Because she was travelling alone for most of the a competition.
trip.
7 A capitalist is someone who believes in the system of
d Because she left her friend in Vietnam. capitalism.
5 What do you think would be the best title for the 8 An environmentalist is someone who believes in
article? protecting the natural environment.
a How my gap year taught me who I am.
b How I learned to love the sea on my gap year. 7 ON A HIGH NOTE Write a short comment to post after
the text you read about Ellie Simmonds. Give your
c How my gap year helped me become a champion.
reaction to the text and your opinion of what you read.
d My gap year: a welcome break from fame.

104 UNIT VOCABULARY PRACTICE > page 109 © Pearson Central Europe, 2020 High Note 4 (B2/B2+)
E llie Simmonds, the Paralympic
swimming gold medallist, took
09
a solo trip around the world which
tested her spirit and helped her
realise how life after swimming
might be. Here she describes her
experiences.
...
I love airports. The moment I step into one, I know that
I’m heading off on an adventure. Usually, I’m on my way
to compete somewhere. For most of my life, I’ve been
focused on my swimming routine: waking at 5.30 a.m.
to swim from 6 a.m. until 8 a.m., going straight to school
until 3 p.m. and then directly back to the pool to train for 3A
two more hours. Through swimming, I get to go to loads When I was in Thailand on my own, I wandered down
of amazing places, but I often see little more than the back alleys that I probably shouldn’t have – it was quite
hotel, the airport and the swimming pool. Just over a year scary. It was wonderful to explore, but I felt like I was
ago, right after the Rio Paralympics, I packed my bag for jumping into people’s lives, and possibly invading their
a different type of trip. I wanted to get away, consider space. I also went to Vietnam with a friend and we took
my options for the future and be a normal, anonymous an overnight train. Was that a dangerous thing for two
twenty-one-year-old. I visited nine countries over the young women to do? That’s hard to say, but we didn’t
course of the year, working and backpacking, mainly run into any problems, except for some very smelly
alone, but also meeting up with friends. Looking back, toilets, which we had no choice but to use!
a few themes emerge. 4B
1C While I was in Canada, I travelled to Ontario, for the
The first thing that happened on my gap year was Seventh World Dwarf Games, where I was part of the
that I was upgraded. The charming flight attendants British football team. We trained for a few days in
recognised me and moved me to first class for my flight preparation for the competition, and I’m so glad I did it.
from London to San Francisco. Once there, I just walked If I hadn’t gone, I wouldn’t have all these new friendships
and spent my days people-watching. One day in a café, with people from the dwarf community across the world.
a woman sat down and started telling me all about her I met people from India, Russia, America – everywhere.
son, who had just been jailed. I think my UK accent gave 5H
her a sense of privacy. If I was American, she probably I spent more time alone this year than I ever have before,
wouldn’t have opened up to me in the same way. This is which can be isolating, but it can also help you to realise
one of the privileges of being a traveller: your outsider how friendly the world is. While in Bangkok, a Thai man
status gains you access to people’s lives. helped me across the road. I was standing on a street
2E corner and he decided that I needed help to cross
A few years ago I did a TV documentary in Mozambique the street. Of course, I didn’t: I have achondroplasia,
about swimming with dolphins and I met the free- a common cause of dwarfism, but I’m perfectly capable
diving expert and ocean conservationist, Hanli Prinsloo. of getting about on my own. Still, he was trying to
This year we went to Mexico together, and swam with be kind. Neither of us could actually make ourselves
whale sharks. A few months later, I met her again in understood, but I said ‘thank you’ and he smiled.
Cape Town and we surfed. I used to be very wary of the 6D
sea, and it’s only recently – and largely thanks to these Visiting schools everywhere from Cape Town to
experiences – that I stopped feeling afraid. Shanghai, and meeting children wherever I went, has
convinced me that I’d like to go into teaching. There’s
so much pressure on children – from social media, from
their peers, from their parents – telling them what they
should look like, how they should feel about things.
Once I retire from swimming, I’d love to go to university
and become a primary school teacher. I’d like to guide
children into being comfortable with who they are, and
not feel they have to try to change themselves.
I have often visited places as an ambassador for
Paralympics GB, and I’m really proud of that. But on this
trip, I wasn’t a gold-medal winner, I was just Ellie, and,
to my surprise, that gave me huge confidence. I would
recommend a gap year to anyone who wants to learn
more about themselves and their place in the world.

© Pearson Central Europe, 2020 High Note 4 (B2/B2+) 105

 9E GRAMMAR
wish/if only, past modals
1 Choose the correct options to explain the meaning
of the sentences in bold.
1 I wish I could stop biting my nails.
The speaker can / can’t stop biting their nails.
2 If only Agnes knew how I felt about her.
Agnes does / doesn’t know how the speaker feels
about her.
3 They needn’t have bought a ticket.
The speaker is talking about someone who did / didn’t
buy a ticket.
4 It was sunny so we didn’t need to wear our raincoats.
The speakers did / didn’t wear their raincoats.
5 I should have asked if the boy needed help.
It was a good idea to ask if the boy needed help, so
the speaker did / but the speaker didn’t .
6 Omar could have given Millie a lift into town.
Millie did / didn’t get a lift into town from Omar.

2 Complete the sentences with the correct forms of

the verbs in brackets.
1 I wish I knew (know) what questions they plan to ask
during the English oral exam.
2 If only I had walked (walk) to school yesterday
instead of going by bike.
3 You needn’t have bought (buy) that new charging
cable but I guess it’s good we’ve got a spare one.
4 We didn’t need to bring (bring) our waterproof
jackets afterall. 4 Complete the dialogue with the correct forms of
the words in brackets. Use short forms where possible.
5 I wish I could have been (can be) at the world cup
finals last month and seen my country win. Alvin Did you read about that guy who unlocked that
6 Looking back, perhaps I should not have/shouldn’t safe in Canada?
have said (should not say) anything, but I did so it’s Bart Er ... what? Is this a joke?
too late now. Alvin No! I read it online – it’s a true story. He was
7 We wish you would stop (stop) complaining and just visiting a museum in Alberta and there was
get on with your work. this safe there that nobody had been able to
8 You should have/should’ve told (should tell) me you unlock for 40 years. Anyway, he tried a random
were vegetarian – I’ve made beef burgers. combination and opened it first time!
Bart Wow. Lucky guy. If only he 1'd visited (visit)
3 Complete the second sentence using the correct earlier!
forms of the underlined verbs. Alvin Ha! I wish I 2 were/was (be) that lucky.
1 I wish I were luckier. Bart So what was inside?
I wish I had been luckier the last time I bought Alvin Well, he probably 3 needn’t have bothered (need
a lottery ticket. not bother) to be honest because there were just
2 If only I could afford to buy a new scooter. a couple of old documents.
If only I could have afforded to buy a new scooter for Bart What a shame! If only it 4 had/’d been (be)
my sister's last birthday. something more exciting or mysterious there.
3 I wish you’d been here to watch me perform Alvin I guess they 5 could have given (could give) a
yesterday. prize, or something for cracking the code.
I wish you were here to watch me perform now. Bart It sounds like he 6 should have/’ve bought
4 If only we’d known where you were, we’d have come (should buy) a lottery ticket instead – I mean if
to get you. you’re going to have a lucky day, you might as
well win something.
If only we knew where you are, we would come and
get you. Alvin True enough.
5 You should probably see a doctor immediately. 5 ON A HIGH NOTE Write a paragraph mentioning two
You should probably have seen a doctor as soon as it things you regret doing and two things you regret not
happened. doing.

106 © Pearson Central Europe, 2020 High Note 4 (B2/B2+)

9F SPEAKING 09
1 Read the phrases. How do you say them in Polish? 3 USE OF ENGLISH Complete the second sentence using
the word in bold so that it means the same as the first
one. Use between two and five words, including the
SPEAKING | Discussing advantages and disadvantages word in bold.
A major advantage of travelling solo is that it’s cheaper 1 A major negative aspect of nuclear power is the
than travelling with family or friends. potential for an accident. DRAWBACK
One minor argument for travelling solo is that it pushes A major drawback of nuclear power is the potential for
you out of your comfort zone. an accident.
Another obvious benefit of travelling solo is that you 2 Another significant minus point of winter sports is
will get to know yourself better. the damage they cause to mountain environments.
ARGUMENT
The first possible good point about travelling solo is that
you will make a lot of new friends. Another significant argument against winter sports is
the damage they cause to mountain environments.
One potential positive aspect of travelling solo is that
you get to choose your own route. 3 Initially, this seems like a forward-thinking solution to
the problem. CONSIDERATION
One significant argument against travelling solo is that it
might not be safe. On first consideration , this seems like a forward-
thinking solution to the problem.
Another possible disadvantage of travelling solo is that
there's nobody to share the experience. 4 Another obvious downside to studying overseas is the
need to leave friends and family behind. ASPECT
A potential downside to travelling solo is that you can’t
share the travelling expenses. Another obvious negative aspect of studying overseas
is the need to leave friends and family behind.
The first possible drawback of travelling solo is that it’s
difficult to book a single room. 5 Ultimately, there are pluses and minuses to using
speed bumps to try and reduce the number of road
Another obvious negative aspect of travelling solo is accidents. ARGUMENTS
that you have to carry all your luggage alone.
Ultimately, there are arguments on both sides of the
A significant minus point of travelling solo is that you debate about using speed bumps to try and reduce
have nobody to help you make decisions. the number of road accidents.
SUMMING UP YOUR ARGUMENTS/GIVING YOUR OPINION
4 USE OF ENGLISH Complete the mini-conversations with
On first consideration, this seems like a good reason for one word in each gap.
travelling solo.
Marsha A possible good point 1of this university is the
Ultimately, there are arguments on both sides. city centre location.
However, I prefer to travel with a friend.
Alexi Well, 2 on first consideration, this seems like it
Having looked at both sides of the argument, I think would be a plus, but there are also drawbacks
that travelling with others is more satisfying. to urban campuses.
Having looked at both sides of the argument, I believe
that travelling alone is best. James A major argument 3 against zoos is that the
Although some people might disagree, I can’t help animals have no freedom.
feeling that travelling solo could get lonely. Laura Although some people might disagree, I can’t
4
help feeling that not having to worry about
hunting or being hunted is a potential positive
2 Match the two parts of the sentences.
aspect 5 of living in a zoo.
1 e Having looked at both sides
2 b Although some people might disagree, Kylie Having looked 6 at both sides of the argument,
3 a Ultimately, there are I believe that school uniforms are actually
a very good idea.
4 c Another significant minus
Zac Well, ultimately there are arguments
5 d The first major 7
on both sides, but I agree that the pluses
a arguments on both sides. outweigh the minuses.
b I can’t help feeling we made a poor decision. Veronica A potential downside 8 to asking people to
c point of living in the city centre is the noise. sort their rubbish into five categories rather
d advantage of going vegetarian is the benefit to than three is that it will put them off recycling.
health. Eric You see, I don’t think recycling should be
e of the argument, I believe you are correct. a matter of choice. One major advantage
9
to/of making it a legal requirement is that
people are forced to do it.

5 ON A HIGH NOTE Write a short dialogue in which you

continue one of the conversations from Exercise 4.

© Pearson Central Europe, 2020 High Note 4 (B2/B2+) 107

 9G WRITING | A competition entry / A letter of application

Dear 1Sir/Madam,
I am writing 2to apply for the job of Euro-grounds campsite host −
Use a suitable greeting to begin
French Alps, which was advertised recently on your website.
your letter.
I 3have always been fascinated by French culture and it has been my
lifelong ambition to work in the great outdoors of the French Alps.
In the opening paragraph, say why I am a keen walker and cyclist and have a great interest in mountain
you are writing. environments and their plants and animals. If I got this job, I would
enjoy sharing my knowledge with campsite guests.
In the main body, convince the Working as a campsite host would appeal to me enormously for
reader why you deserve to win the several reasons. As previously mentioned, I love the outdoors and
competition or be chosen as an am a keen camper myself. As such, the setting up, cleaning and
applicant. maintenance of Euro-grounds’ tents and caravans would come
naturally to me.4In addition, according to friends and colleagues, I’m
a sociable and easy-going person and I’m sure I would really enjoy
Use more formal linkers to add ideas.
welcoming guests to the site and chatting with them during their stay.
I 5have studied French at B2 level, and feel confident that my
Mention any relevant qualifications. language skills would enable me to interact meaningfully with local
staff and suppliers. Furthermore, I do have some experience of solving
holiday-makers’ problems after working at my aunt and uncles’ guest
Use emphatic structures to make house during school holidays. 6Amongst my other duties there,
your points stronger.
I was 7responsible for the front desk during the busy morning shifts.
If I was chosen to work for Euro-grounds, I could draw on this
Give details of any relevant experience and would welcome the chance to learn more about
experience you have (work customer service in the tourism industry.
experience or hobbies) and say I’ve attached my CV. If you require any further information, please do
why it is relevant and what skills not hesitate to contact me.
you developed.
I look forward to hearing from you.
8
Yours faithfully,
Close with a suitable phrase and
Marcel Bongers
a sign-off that complements the
greeting you used to open your
letter.

1 Read the letter and tick the things Marcel can offer.
ACTIVE WRITING | List motywacyjny
1 ✓ a foreign language
1 Zaplanuj swój list:
2 ✓ an interest in the outdoors
• Zwróć uwagę, że polecenie składa się z dwóch części.
3 a qualification in tourism
• Zrób notatki dotyczące ciebie – twoich umiejętności i
4 ✓ an outgoing personality osiągnięć.
5 ✓ experience in a similar job 2 Napisz swój list:
2 Match underlined words and phrases 1–8 from the • Rozpocznij i zakończ swój list w odpowiedni,
letter with their counterparts a–h. formalny i uprzejmy sposób.
• Gdy odnosisz się do poszczególnych części polecenia,
a 7 in charge of e 5 gained a qualification in
pamiętaj, żeby je rozwinąć. Opisz w sposób szczegółowy
b 2 with reference to f 3 am passionate about swoje wykształcenie, umiejętności i dotychczasowe
c 8 Yours sincerely g 1 Mr Koos osiągnięcia oraz zainteresowania i ambicje.
d 6 As part of my role h 4 Moreover • Stosuj zwroty formalne i grzecznościowe.
• Wykorzystaj zwroty z tabeli Writing (Student’s Book,
3 WRITING TASK Międzynarodowa organizacja str. 133).
turystyczna poszukuje przewodnika, który oprowadzi • Podziel list na akapity, pamiętaj o właściwych
grupy nastoletnich turystów po ciekawych miejscach proporcjach wstępu, rozwinięcia i zakończenia.
w twojej okolicy. Napisz do tej organizacji list, w którym
opiszesz swoje dotychczasowe doświadczenie w roli 3 Sprawdź, czy twój tekst:
przewodnika i uzasadnisz, jakie cechy i umiejętności • rozwija obie części polecenia,
czynią cię odpowiednim kandydatem / odpowiednią • jest uporządkowany, spójny i logiczny,
kandydatką na to stanowisko. • mieści się w limicie 200–250 słów.

108 © Pearson Central Europe, 2020 High Note 4 (B2/B2+)

UNIT VOCABULARY PRACTICE 09
1 9A GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY Complete the extract
from a city guide book with one word in each gap.

Panta Vella is an old and 1affluent area of the city

where the inhabitants either have very 2lucrative
careers or else large 3inheritances from their wealthy
parents. Residents here are more than 4well – off;
they can afford to 5splash out on expensive cars,
prestigious private schools and 6costly designer
clothes.Meanwhile, less than a kilometre away in Las
Gidunas, hundreds of families live in 7hardship,
unable to put 8aside any money at the end of the
month. Such contrasting circumstances are common 4 9C VOCABULARY Complete the sentences with chance,
in this country. luck, opportunity or risk.
1 Base jumping is not worth the risk in my opinion.
2 9B LISTENING AND VOCABULARY Choose the correct 2 Your mum and I met by chance at a friend’s party.
words and phrases to complete the sentences.
3 Finding a parking space so easily was a real piece of
1 I’d like to remind you that there is a lot in disguise / luck .
at stake in today’s auditions. 4 Given the opportunity , what would you like to do as
2 There has been a further masterstroke / setback for the a career?
unlucky climbers stuck on K2.
3 I’ve flourished / messed up my signature on my new 5 9D READING AND VOCABULARY Complete the
debit card and I don’t know what to do. mini-conversations with the correct verb forms.
4 It can take many years for students to pay off / Lena What’s up, Gracie?
put aside their student loans. Gracie I’m tired. The stress of revising is 1taking its toll
5 I’m getting nowhere / messing up with my homework, on me.
so I think I’ll go to bed and carry on tomorrow. Lena How about we 2 take your mind off it with
6 After forgetting Mel’s birthday, Omar made a vain / a walk to the ice cream place?
mixed attempt to apologise – with flowers from the Gracie Now that is a good idea. A double chocolate
petrol station. chip with extra syrup might just be enough to
7 The foreign secretary has made yet another
3
keep me going.
diplomatic blunder / flop, this time by insulting the
Dutch royal family. Euan I haven’t 4 got a clue what to do with my gap
year.
8 Being famous as a child was a blessing in disguise /
mixed blessing which made some dreams come true Roma Well, why don’t you 5 consider your options
and ruined others. carefully, and if you’re still not sure, maybe you
should drop the idea altogether and go straight
3 9C VOCABULARY Complete the text messages with one to uni.
word in each gap.
Marie We 6 went through such an ordeal at the
hospital in Tokyo. No one spoke English!
You can 1pick and choose from the chocolate bars in
the fridge, but leave one for me. Lewis But presumably you managed to 7 make
yourself understood in the end?
Just to let you know, we’ve arrived 2 safe and sound in Marie Well, eventually, though I must have looked
Paris. like a bit of an idiot. I 8 had no choice but to use
mime.
The guy offered £100 for the bike – take it or 3 leave it.
So I took it. Lewis I wish I’d seen that!
Marie Well, I just 9 took it for granted that someone
I’ve 4 more or less finished my homework so you can there would speak English.
come over.
Mr Cox We’re back! How was our little man, Belinda?
Try not to worry. Every relationship has its ups and Did he wake up?
5
downs . Belinda He did, but we read a story and he soon fell
I’m sure your spare keys will turn up 6
sooner asleep again.
or later. Mr Cox Stories usually 10 do the trick. But just one?
Sounds like you 11 got off lightly. He usually
wants three or four before he’ll
go to sleep.

6 ON A HIGH NOTE Write a paragraph about the last time

you took a risk. What happened? Was everything OK
in the end?

© Pearson Central Europe, 2020 High Note 4 (B2/B2+) 109

 Unit self-check

GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY 4 Choose the correct words to complete the sentences.
1 Complete the extract from a short story with one word 1 If Majid     forgotten to buy a lottery ticket last week,
in each gap. he would be a millionaire now.
a hadn’t b had c has
2 If Gary     so critical of other people, he might have
had more friends at school.
a isn’t b wouldn’t be c wasn’t
3     Sahar gets eight hours’ sleep, she can’t
concentrate during classes.
a Unless b If c When
4 If I give my dog a bone, he     with happiness.
a jumped b jumps c would jump
5 When you    , text me to let me know.
a arrived b will arrive c arrive
/5

Uma was looking for a way to take her 1mind off USE OF ENGLISH
the fact that yet again, she had 2 got nowhere 5 Complete the text with one word in each gap.
with her efforts to find a job. She decided to
splash 3 out on having her nails done at the nail The male human started talking in a 1vain attempt
bar. There were hundreds of designs and to make 2 himself understood. The service robot
colours to pick and 4 choose from, but Uma behind the counter clearly didn’t have a 3 clue
went with black and sharp to match her mood. what he was talking about. The man had lived on
She couldn’t really afford them, but the this strange planet for six months, but still had to go
attention certainly 5 did the trick and, slowly 4
through this ordeal every time he was asked to
but 6 surely , helped her foget about the report to the authorities. He decided to 5 wait and
frustrating day. see what happened for another month, but if things
went on like this much longer, he 6 would have to
/5 consider moving on again.

2 Find and correct one mistake in each sentence. /5

1 I earn so little that it’s very difficult to put money
inside for unexpected expenses. aside 6 Complete the second sentence using the word
2 The storm was actually a blessing on disguise as it in bold so that it means the same as the first one. Use
refilled the dry streams overnight. in between two and five words, including the word in
3 The group were very pleased to be back at the hostel bold.
safe or sound . and 1 It wasn’t necessary for you to buy me a present.
4 Having concerned my options, I’m going to apply to NEEDN’T
three different universities. considered You needn’t have bought me a present.
5 The soldier had no choice but waiting in the darkness 2 If you don’t go to the party, I’m not going. UNLESS
for morning to come. to wait I’m not going to the party unless you go too.
6 A few serious masterstrokes haven't discouraged Kelly 3 I’d love to have a better understanding of Maths, but
from following her dream and becoming a lawyer. I don’t. WISH
setbacks
I wish I had a better understanding of Maths, but
/5 I don’t.
4 I really regret sending Polly that email. ONLY
3 Choose the correct forms to complete the sentences.
If only I hadn’t sent Polly that email.
1 If only I had backed up / would back up my documents!
5 It wasn’t a good idea to tell him about the money.
2 I shouldn’t / couldn’t have been so rude, but I lost my
SHOULDN’T
temper.
I shouldn’t have told him about the money.
3 We didn’t need to make / needn’t have made a meal
because Mike promised to bring some snacks for 6 Having no money for food, she didn't have any other
everyone. choice but to beg for some in the street. NO
4 I wish you would have washed / would wash your Having no money for food, she had no choice but to
hands more thoroughly. beg for some in the street.
5 If only I would have done / had done some homework
yesterday instead of leaving it all for today. /5
/5
/ 30
110 © Pearson Central Europe, 2020 High Note 4 (B2/B2+)
Matura self-check 09
1 Przetłumacz na język angielski fragmenty podane 3 Przeczytaj tekst. Z podanych odpowiedzi wybierz
w nawiasach, tak aby otrzymać zdania logiczne właściwą, tak aby otrzymać logiczny i gramatycznie
i gramatycznie poprawne. Wymagana jest pełna poprawny tekst. Zakreśl jedną z liter: a, b, c albo d.
poprawność ortograficzna wpisywanych fragmentów
zdań. W każdą lukę możesz wpisać maksymalnie sześć
wyrazów.
Never give up
When Ole Kirk Christiansen, a carpenter from Denmark,
1 If I hadn’t followed my dreams (nie podążał za swoimi opened his workshop in 1919, in no way 1
marzeniami) when I was a child, I wouldn’t be where
that the story of his success and failure would be
I am now.
an inspiration for generations to come. He grew up
2 When the company closed down, he had no choice 2
and was determined to work hard to achieve
but to find (nie miał innego wyboru, jak znaleźć) success. At first, his business was doing well. Sadly,
a new source of income.
a fire broke out in his workshop, destroying all his
3 Without a doubt, the economic crisis we’re facing now drawings and models. While others might have given
will have a negative impact (będzie miał negatywny up, Christiansen saw the fire as an opportunity. He
wpływ) on the airline industry in the years to come. 3
the chance and built an even larger workshop.
4 Bob wanted to invest in his nephew’s start-up, but Then he decided to focus his company on the production
then decided that it was not worth the risk (to nie of wooden toys. The decision 4 only after
było warte ryzyka). a couple of years, eventually leading to the formation
5 I wish I had not signed up / regret having signed up of the Lego Group. If Ole 5 , his company
(żałuję, że zapisałem się) to the gym. It's so expensive! would never have gone from a tiny local business to
6 We would rather wait and see (wolelibyśmy poczekać a global manufacturer of popular toys.
i zobaczyć) how the project develops.
7 When he runs out of money (skończą mu się 1 a he could imagine b had he imagined
pieniądze), he will ask his parents for a loan. c he didn’t imagine d did he imagine
8 I would welcome the opportunity/chance to (z radością 2 a into poverty b in hardship
przyjęłabym szansę, aby) work in Silicon Valley in c for granted d on average
California. 3 a gave b had c gained d grabbed
9 He had gone from rags to riches (przeszedł drogę od 4 a paid off b got by c picked up d set out
zera do milionera) before he met his future wife. 5 a would give up b gave up
10 We should have taken this project seriously c would have given up d had given up
(powinniśmy byli potraktować ten projekt poważnie)
instead of leaving everything to chance. 4 Uzupełnij zdania, wykorzystując podane wyrazy
w odpowiedniej formie. Nie należy zmieniać kolejności
2 Uzupełnij luki (1–5), wpisując jedno słowo podanych wyrazów. Trzeba natomiast – jeżeli jest to
w każdą lukę w taki sposób, aby powstał spójny konieczne – dodać inne wyrazy, aby otrzymać logiczne
i logiczny tekst. Wymagana jest pełna poprawność i poprawne gramatycznie zdania. W każdą lukę
gramatyczna i ortograficzna wpisywanych wyrazów. możesz wpisać maksymalnie sześć wyrazów.
1 If George had dropped out of college (drop / out /
The brothers with a purpose college), he wouldn’t be working for a start-up.
The fact that two Ohio-based bicycle salesmen were 2 We would have put down a deposit (put down /
the first people to fly is truly incredible. Interestingly, deposit) on the flat if we hadn’t been hard up.
neither Wilbur nor Orville Wright were engineers. In fact, 3 If only I was given a chance (give / chance), I would
they 1 had never attended college. The Wright Flyer, prove that I’m right.
the first successful aircraft, was relatively cheap to build 4 I wish I had found out about it (find out / it) earlier.
at under $1,000 (around $28,000 in today’s money). To
Now it’s too late to fix this problem.
compare, an academic, Professor Samuel Langley, 5 If only you stopped/would stop complaining about
was also trying to build a flying machine and he spent
school (stop / complain / school)! It’s so irritating!
$70,000 (around $2 million today) on his machine, 6 If I had more time and money, I would travel (around)
2 the world (travel / world) instead of working in an office.
which mostly came in the form of a government
grant. He had a top notch team and the press followed 7 I should have listened to (should / listen) the teacher
who encouraged me to try harder.
him everywhere. However, his machine’s maiden flight
was a vain 3 attempt as it dropped into the Potomac
8 I passed the test with flying colours so you
needn’t have worried (need / worry).
River during take off.
The key difference between the Wright brothers and
9 She took it for granted (take / it / granted) that she
would win the competition, but she didn’t.
Samuel Langley seems to have been the driving force
behind their actions. The brothers were passionate
10 He went to the prom hoping that it would take his
4 mind off (take / mind) things, but it didn’t.
about flying. On the other hand, Langley is said to
have been mostly driven by fame and fortune. If his
11 I will have gained (the) formal qualifications / a/the
formal qualification (gain / formal / qualification) to
motivation had been internal belief and passion, he
work as lifeguard by the end of summer.
might well 5 have outsmarted the Wright brothers.
12 We were told not to forget to enclose (not / forget /
enclose) our CVs.
© Pearson Central Europe, 2020 High Note 4 (B2/B2+) 111
 10 Culture vulture

10A GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY

Past modals of speculation
1 Choose these parts of the sentences that refer to the
past.
1 This ivory comb might have been made /
might be made for a member of the Dutch royal family.
2 These enormous footprints can't have belonged /
can't belong to a human.
3 Solid circular earrings like this must be /
must have been extremely unusual.
4 These bronze coins may have been used / may be used
to pay soldiers.
5 The pharaoh must have been wearing /
must be wearing this golden mask during burial.
6 These pointed wooden swords might be used /
might have been used for practising.

2 Choose the most suitable answers to replace the

underlined parts in the sentences below. 3 Complete the second sentence with must/might/
1 It’s possible that the map was drawn by Portuguese can't/would have been so that it means the same as the
sailors. first one.
a The map must have been b The map can have been 1 It’s possible it was a king’s helmet.
c The map might have been It might have been a king’s helmet.
2 I’m pretty sure that it was not very accurate compared 2 I’m sure that it wasn’t an ordinary soldier’s helmet.
to today’s maps. It can’t have been an ordinary soldier’s helmet.
a It must not have been b It can’t have been 3 The helmet was most likely the most important part of
c It may not have been his equipment.
3 I assume the owner used it to navigate across the The helmet would have been the most important
oceans. part of his equipment.
a The owner would have b The owner might have 4 I think we can assume that it was very expensive.
c The owner can have
It would have been very expensive.
4 Its creator was quite possibly an explorer.
5 I’m sure that it wasn’t from this country.
a must have been b may well have been
c would have been It can’t have been from this country.
5 It’s possible that it wasn’t the original but a copy. 6 I’m sure it was even more beautiful when it was new.
a It couldn’t have been b It can’t have been It must have been even more beautiful when it was
c It might not have been new.
6 My assumption is that other navigation tools were 4 Match evidence a–f with sentences 1–6 from
used together with the map. Exercise 3.
a would have been used b may have been used a 6 The gold and jewels would have been shinier.
c might have been used
b 4 It’s made of solid gold with costly jewels.
7 Obviously, in those days, navigators were unable to
use GPS because it hadn’t been invented. c 2 A regular soldier could never have afforded
such a thing.
a couldn’t have used b may well not have used
c might not have used d 1 It has what looks like a royal symbol on the front.
e 3 The part of the body which needs most protection
is the head.
f 5 No one in this country had the skills to make it at
the time.

112 © Pearson Central Europe, 2020 High Note 4 (B2/B2+)

 10
5 Complete the mini-conversations with the correct 7 USE OF ENGLISH Complete the second sentence
continuous modal forms of the words in brackets. using the word in bold so that it means the same as the
first one. Use between two and five words, including
Max I saw Dan going into the shopping centre at the word in bold.
10 p.m. last night.
1 I’m sure it was made of bone. MUST
Leo He 1must have been doing (must/do) some It must have been made of bone.
late night shopping.
2 I’m sure they weren’t perfectly geometric. CAN’T
Max He 2 can’t have been shopping (can’t/ They can’t have been perfectly geometric.
shop). All the shops are closed at that time.
3 I’m assuming that this part was the lid. WOULD
Leo True. He 3 might have been going (might/go) This part would have been the lid.
to see a film. The cinema is open until very late.
4 It’s quite likely that this was spherical when it was first
made. MAY
Victoria I thought Kendra seemed really tired today.
This may well have been spherical when it was first
Polly She 4 must have been revising (must/revise) made.
until late at night. She’s got an exam on Friday. 5 It’s possible that this curved part was shaped by
human hands. MIGHT
Abdul Our neighbour was standing out in his This curved part might have been shaped by human
garden in the middle of the night last night. hands.
Tariq That’s weird. He 5 may have been watching 6 I assume that these beige sections were originally
(may/watch) the stars or the planets or brightly-coloured. WOULD
something. Originally, these beige sections would have been
Abdul He 6 couldn’t have been looking (couldn’t/ brightly-coloured.
look) at the stars. It was cloudy all night.
8 Complete the sentences with suitable modal
verbs and the correct forms of the verbs in brackets.
6 Complete the mini-conversations with the correct
1 Nobody knows exactly what this hollow tube
forms of the verbs in brackets.
might have been used for (use for).
DJ On the line is retired archaeologist, Professor 2 The owner must have been shocked (shock) when
Douglas Hole. Doug, you 1must have been she found out how much the vase was worth because
teased (must/tease) about your name over she stood there with her mouth wide open.
the years? 3 We might/may/could/would never have found
Doug I think I 2 may well have heard (may well/ (never/find) the ancient temple without the help of
hear) every joke it’s possible to make, but at the helicopter.
least people remember me! Actually, I used 4 In all likelihood, this pocket-size diary (would have)
to know a family called ‘Paine’ and one of belonged to (belong to) a young woman from
them was a doctor. a wealthy family.
DJ Dr Paine? Ha ha, that 3 can’t have been 5 The man in this photograph must have been trying
(can’t/be) easy for him! (try) to light a fire as you can see him blowing on the
dry grass.
6 These footprints can’t have been left (leave) by any
TV Host Welcome back viewers! Here we go with kind of creature we know as they are simply too big.
round two of the mystery object quiz ‘What on 7 The treasure found near Broadshore Beach yesterday
Earth!’ Ready teams? What on Earth … was this may well have been buried (bury) by pirates as similar
unusual thing and what was it used for? Kiera? pirate treasure was found nearby last year.
Kiera Well, we think it 4 might have been used
(might/use) to repair socks, you know as 9 ON A HIGH NOTE Write a paragraph speculating about
part of a sewing kit. So, a Victorian mother, a mysterious object you found on a beach. Give some
let’s say, 5 would have been fixing (would/ evidence for your speculations.
fix) holes in her children’s socks and this
thing 6 would have been put (would/put)
inside the sock to make it easier for her to
mend the hole.
TV Host Interesting idea. Thank you, Team A. Now,
Team B? What’s your explanation?

© Pearson Central Europe, 2020 High Note 4 (B2/B2+) UNIT VOCABULARY PRACTICE > page 121 113
 10B LISTENING AND VOCABULARY
1 40 Decide if the statements about karaoke are true 5 Choose the correct words to complete the text.
or false. Then listen to Part 1 of a podcast and check
your answers. The first person who sang karaoke this evening must
have been practising because her voice was 1 melodic /
1 F Karaoke was invented in China.
tuneless and she sang every note 2out of tune / in tune .
2 T The worldwide value of the karaoke business is That’s more than can be said for the next guy who
almost 1 billion dollars. couldn’t possibly have been given a single singing
3 F Karaoke is only popular in Asia. lesson in his life. His voice was 3 tuneless / tuneful and
so loud it was 4monotonous / ear-splitting ! Halfway
2 41 Listen to Part 2 of the podcast and complete through, his girlfriend joined in, and she had such
the sentences with no more than three words in each a high and 5tuneful / piercing voice that my friend and
gap. I decided it was time to leave.
1 The English translation of karaoke is ’ empty orchestra ’.
2 Karaoke became popular throughout Japan in the Pronunciation
1980s .
6 42 Look at some sentences from the podcast in
3 Westerners tend to be more self-conscious about Exercise 2. What sound disappears from the underlined
singing in public than the Japanese. parts when the modal forms are contracted? Listen and
4 Research seems to show that collective music making check. the sound /h/
helps people connect. 1 He must have / must've been pleased to see his idea
5 In China, there are a lot of young people who are spread all over Japan during the 1980s.
young, single and increasingly affluent . 2 Researchers have suggested that collective
6 Many young Chinese people sing karaoke as a way to music-making may have / may've evolved in humans
relieve boredom and loneliness . to encourage social bonding between whole groups
of people.
3 41 Listen again to Part 2 and answer the
questions.
1 What kind of musician was Daisuke Inoue?
ACTIVE PRONUNCIATION
Contracted forms of past modals
He was a drummer.
When using past modal forms, speakers of English often
2 What might a committed karaoke fan employ an reduce have by omitting the /h/ sound.
expert to do for him/her?
• might have ➝ might’ve /ˈmaɪtəv/
put together a playlist of (popular, upbeat) songs
• would have ➝ would’ve /ˈwʊdəv/
3 What’s the format of James Corden’s talk show?
driving round, chatting and singing with a celebrity
4 The researchers at which institution found that
7 43 Listen to these pairs of past modals. Tick the one
you hear first.
karaoke could help people bond?
1 must have ✓ must’ve
Oxford University
2 ✓ should have should’ve
5 In which public places can mini-karaoke booths be
found in China? 3 might have ✓ might’ve
malls, movie theaters and subway stations 4 could have ✓ could’ve
6 What audio equipment can you find in a mini-karaoke 5 ✓ would have would’ve
booth?
headphones and microphones
8 Read the sentences aloud.
1 This ivory comb might’ve belonged to a member of
7 What do people often do with the songs recorded in
the Dutch royal family.
the mini-karaoke booth?
2 Solid circular earrings like this must’ve been
share them (with friends and family)
extremely unusual.
Vocabulary extension 3 These bronze coins may well ’ve been used to pay
soldiers.
4 Are these adjectives, which are related to sound and 4 These enormous footprints can’t ’ve been left by
music, positive (P) or negative (N)? Use a dictionary to a human.
help you if necessary.
1 N ear-splitting 5 N out of tune
2 P in tune 6 N monotonous
3 N piercing 7 P melodic
4 N tuneless 8 P tuneful

114 UNIT VOCABULARY PRACTICE > page 121 © Pearson Central Europe, 2020 High Note 4 (B2/B2+)
10C GRAMMAR 10
Reduced adverbial clauses 4 Replace the underlined parts with participle
clauses.
1 Find the subject of each participle clause.
1 Because she thought her driving lesson started at
1 Having had guitar lessons for years, Paco amazed
4 p.m. instead of 5 p.m., she had to wait an hour at
Mercedes with his playing.
the driving school. Having thought
2 Standing in front of the painting, Helen and Fiona
2 I had met her before, so I didn’t bother introducing
instantly recognised it as a masterpiece.
myself properly. Having met her before
3 Frank added more blue paint to the mix, creating
3 Because he felt it would be a bad idea to be tired, he
a darker shade of green.
went to bed early the night before his exam.
4 Clearly impressed by the sculpture, the child stood Feeling
with his mother and stared.
4 The little girl used a naughty word, which left her
5 Realising Kyle had a wonderful voice, the record parents open-mouthed. leaving
company executive signed him immediately.
5 After I had been to the gym, I showered and had some
6 Having been to the latest exhibition at the National lunch. Having been
Gallery, I’m afraid we don’t recommend it.
7 Having added the final touches to Erika’s costume, 5 Complete the text with participle clauses using
Jasmine took a step back to admire it. the verbs in brackets.

2 Match the two parts of the sentences.

1 c Having done stand-up comedy for years,
2 f Feeling nervous about the singing competition,
3 h The actor began to improvise,
4 a Knowing how excited Lily was,
5 d Isobel joined the writing class,
6 b Having read the poem many times before,
7 g Not knowing how to speak German,
8 e Having never met before,

a her father decided not to cancel the trip.

b Clark knew the words by heart.
c Emily knew hundreds of funny jokes.
d never having written a story or poem in her life.
e the musicians needed time to get to know each other.
f Erin bit her nails until they bled. Tell us who you are proud of
g Philip couldn’t help with the translation. and why …
h having forgotten his lines.

3 Complete the sentences with the adverbial molly_girl14

clauses from the box. 1
Having grown up (grow up) during the late 60s and
early 70s, my mum is proud to have been a ‘hippy’.
After having had Having forgotten Knowing
She grew her hair very long and wore brightly-
Never having been Not wanting to offend Thinking
Wanting
coloured clothes, 2 leaving (leave) her conservative
parents rather shocked! 3 Knowing (know) that the
1 Having forgotten to plug in my phone, I woke to find hippy movement stood for love and tolerance, she
the battery dead. became a passionate campaigner for peace and
2 Knowing how difficult Annabelle can be, equality. 4 Having taken part / After taking part / After
I prepared myself for an argument. having taken part (take part) in many marches,
3 Wanting to impress his new teacher, Edward put up debates and protests, she had a wide network of
his hand every time she asked a question. contacts. In her thirties, 5 feeling (feel) she might
4 Never having been to London, the twins were very make a good politician, she ran for election. She
excited about their upcoming trip. succeeded for the first time in 1985, 6 going on
5 Thinking he was doing the right thing, Barry let (go on) to represent her local community in
Meg’s cat out of the flat. parliament for twenty-three years.
6 After having had breakfast, they packed the car and
set off on holiday.
6 ON A HIGH NOTE Imagine you are old and looking
7 Not wanting to offend anyone, Sian decided to keep back on your life. Write a short description of what
her opinion to herself. happened to you beginning with the words below.
Having grown up in …

© Pearson Central Europe, 2020 High Note 4 (B2/B2+) 115

 10D READING AND VOCABULARY
1 Quickly read the text. What do you think would be the 5 Are the collocations in Exercise 4 related to success (S)
best title for the article? or failure (F)? Which phrase could be used for both (B)?
a How a computer managed to write a bestseller Write S, F or B in Exercise 4.
b Could an algorithm help you write a bestseller? 6 Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the
c The secrets behind James Patterson's success collocations from Exercise 4.
1 The author’s first book disappeared without a trace.
2 Read the article again and match questions 1–5
with paragraphs A–F. One paragraph does not match 2 The young British writer quickly rose to the top after
any of the questions. his novel won a major prize.
In which paragraph does the author … 3 Being rejected twenty times was a very
painful experience .
1 E point out that the algorithm fails to give
particularly innovative insights? 4 Could this seventeen-year-old writer become
the next big thing in young adult fiction?
2 C reveal what motivated Archer to create the
algorithm with Jockers? 5 Friends who read and enjoyed my first book told me
not to give up hope .
3 B give examples of the determination required to
succeed as an author? 6 The fact that your second book was a complete flop
must have been hard for you.
4 F indicate what the inventors of the algorithm intend
to do with it? 7 Her smash hit children’s book sold half a million
copies this Christmas!
5 D suggest what type of experience could help
a writer produce a bestseller?
ACTIVE VOCABULARY | Nothing/Anything but …
3 Read the article again and answer the questions.
• Use nothing but before a noun, infinitive without to, or
1 What do writers hope for when they write their books?
-ing form to mean 'only'.
write a bestseller / achieve recognition and high earnings
She received nothing but rejections from publishers for
2 What does the writer suggest about the publishers two years straight.
who rejected Stephen King and Judy Blume?
• Use anything but before adjectives to emphasise that
They must regret their decision. something is not true.
3 What did Jody Archer do before writing The Bestseller It seems that writing or spotting best-selling novels is
Code? anything but easy.
She was a commissioning editor.
4 What can Archer and Jockers predict using their algorithm? 7 Complete the sentences with nothing but or anything
if a book will become a hit/bestseller but.
5 According to the algorithm how should a best-selling 1 I’d like to thank you for being nothing but kind
novel start? towards me and my family.
with a strong opening sentence 2 It’s done nothing but rain since we got here. Where’s
6 Why are journalists more likely than other writers to the sun?
produce bestsellers? 3 I read that this was a good restaurant, but I’m afraid
because they have experience of writing in an it’s been anything but good today.
accessible and everyday style 4 In my opinion, boxing is anything but entertaining.
7 What criticism of inexperienced authors does Archer I can’t stand violent sports.
offer? 5 Vicky’s parents were extremely proud after the
they tend to include too many topics teacher had nothing but praise for her.
6 The doctor was anything but friendly which,
Vocabulary extension understandably, made the patient feel even worse.

4 Make collocations from the text, using the words from 8 ON A HIGH NOTE Choose one of the topics below.
the box.
1 Read Paragraph D again and write the first paragraph
a complete a painful a smash disappear give up of your own book.
rise the next 2 Do research on your favourite author. Find out how
he/she started his/her career and write a short
1 the next big thing S paragraph about it.
2 a painful experience B
3 a complete flop F
4 a smash hit S
5 give up hope F
6 rise to the top S
7 disappear without a trace F

116 UNIT VOCABULARY PRACTICE > page 121 © Pearson Central Europe, 2020 High Note 4 (B2/B2+)
 10
A What does it take to write a best-selling novel? D According to the algorithm, best-selling novels tend to
It’s a multi-million pound question that those in the have a predictable combination of stylistic and structural
publishing industry have worked hard to answer over elements. Firstly, there should be a strong opening sentence
the years. Clearly, a writer’s talent is vital, along with that gives a reader a taste of the story. The writing style
a good imagination, plenty of creativity and a great deal should use shorter sentences and simple vocabulary.
of dedication. Publishers must be willing to spend vast Authors with a background in journalism tend to do well
amounts of money on marketing and promotion and think because of their accessible and everyday style of writing. In
carefully about things like timing and distribution. Many terms of the plot, bestsellers usually have a clear emotional
authors dream of the recognition and high earnings that rhythm: an emotional high, followed by an emotional low,
go along with writing a bestseller, but in all likelihood, next another high, then another low. Archer and Jockers’
that dream will not become a reality. Even if you get your algorithm also identified 500 important topics that are
book published, there is still no guarantee of success. commonly found across a range of bestsellers. These
Several million books are published each year and the include things like love, the law, and the most popular topic
vast majority of them disappear without a trace. Writers – human closeness and relationships. It showed that the
in the UK generally have an income of about £12,000, well most successful authors choose a limited number of topics
below the minimum wage for a full-time job. In contrast, to explore in each book. Archer says that less experienced
James Patterson, one of the world’s best-selling authors, authors tend to include too many topics in their books,
reportedly earned over £65 million in 2018. resulting in a lack of clarity and focus.

B Even writers who eventually rise to the top often suffer E There are of course, plenty of people who are
through the painful experience of rejection. Stephen unconvinced by the algorithm. Some of them say that
King’s first major novel, Carrie, was rejected thirty times, success is the result of everything that an author has
eventually leading him to give up hope and throw it in experienced, read or written about in life. They doubt that
the bin. Luckily, his wife rescued it, and it went on to sell anything as mechanical as an algorithm could accurately
millions of copies. Judy Blume, winner of more than ninety predict the potential of a complex thing like a novel.
literary awards, has sold over eighty million children’s Other critics point out that appearing on a bestseller list
and young adult books which have been translated into is only one measure of success, and that bestsellers follow
thirty-two languages. She received nothing but rejections predictable patterns, which is why the algorithm is able
from publishers for two years straight. Thankfully for their to ‘measure’ them. Clearly, the lessons offered by Archer
readers, King and Blume didn’t give up. Without a doubt, and Jockers’ work are nothing new. Such advice has long
the publishers who rejected them must be sorry they did so been given out by authors and teachers of creative writing,
now. so the algorithm does little more than confirm what we
already knew about successful books. It has also had at
C It seems that writing or spotting best-selling novels is least one spectacular failure. A book by a best-selling
anything but easy. Is there a way to increase the chances author was fed into the computer and given a 100 percent
of success? The authors of a book called The Bestseller Code chance of becoming a bestseller. When it was released
believe that technology might be the answer. One of them, however, it was a complete flop in terms of sales.
Jodie Archer, is a former commissioning editor whose job
was to spot bestsellers. Having become fascinated by what F Despite these criticisms, there has been plenty of interest
makes large numbers of people want to read the same in the work of Archer and Jockers. They plan to offer writers
book, she decided to apply technology to the question. a chance to have their books analysed by the algorithm,
Archer and her co-author, Matthew Jockers, came up with followed by a discussion of what they can do to improve
an algorithm which they say can predict the likelihood of their chances of becoming the next big thing in the
a book becoming a smash hit with eighty percent accuracy. publishing world.

© Pearson Central Europe, 2020 High Note 4 (B2/B2+) 117

 10E VOCABULARY | Performance
1 Choose the correct words to complete the sentences. 3 Complete the pairs of sentences with the words in
bold.
1 MAGIC / MAGICAL
a Watching the paper lanterns float up into the sky
was a truly magical experience.
b The Great Gondino waved his magic wand over the
hat and produced a live white rabbit.
2 COMIC / COMICAL
a Are you a comic actor?
b He looked comical in that big hat.
3 HISTORIC / HISTORICAL
a This is an excellent historical play.
b Today is a historic day for the world’s largest movie
studios.
1 Dead Poets Society is definitely a must-watch / stand-up. 4 CLASSIC / CLASSICAL
It's an important film that will make you think. a Don’t miss the classic car show next week!
2 I spent all day biting my nails on the edge / side of my b I quite like some classical music.
seat, watching A Quiet Place. What a(n) appalling / 5 TASTY / TASTEFUL
breathtaking movie!
a The way the opera house was decorated was very
3 I’d like to catch up / deliver on episodes I missed. tasteful .
Fortunately, they are made available to stream and
b Tasty snacks will be available during the break.
download once I’ve paid a fee.
6 LIVELY / ALIVE
4 My father advised me to pause before delivering /
heckling the punchline. It is supposed to give the a The concert was a lively start to the city’s cultural
audience some suspense and surprise. weekend.
5 My brother is trying to become a comedian; he’s b If only the artist had been alive to see his painting
already done his hilarious stand-up leads / routines in sell for 47 million dollars.
the local pubs. 7 INVALUABLE / WORTHLESS
6 He started the evening telling a few offensive / a This wonderful book is full of invaluable advice for
worthwhile gags about mothers-in-law. Nobody drama students.
laughed. b It seems the final week of rehearsals was worthless
as the first night of the play was awful.
2 Choose the correct words to complete the
8 CHILDLIKE / CHILDISH
sentences.
a The artist’s best work has a childlike innocence
1 Finding the comedian’s racist jokes , several
about it.
audience members walked out of the comedy club.
b I found the director’s reaction to the criticism of his
a comical b offensive c cheesy
film extremely childish .
2 Critics have called the film , but audiences seem to
love it nevertheless. 4 USE OF ENGLISH Complete the preview from a TV
a appalling b magical c exceptional magazine with one word in each gap.
3 The jokes were so it was embarrassing.
a comical b cheesy c lively Today’s best television
4 An awful film; the acting was poor, the special effects 1
Catch up on the latest episode of Folly-foot on BBC2
terrible and the dialogue .
at 7.00 tonight. It’s a 2 must -watch for fans of gentle
a lively b worthwhile c unconvincing English comedy. If you’re more of an action lover,
5 This performance by Julie Danch is sure to win her Mystery Mission 4 on Cloud TV at 9.00 will have you
plenty more awards. on the edge of your 3 seat . The lead, of course, is
a appalling b offensive c breathtaking 4
played by Tim Cross.
6 This film was made for the big screen, making a trip to For those that like their comedy a little more lively
the cinema extremely . than Folly-foot, there’s Bob Hicks doing a classic
a magical b unconvincing c worthwhile stand-up 5 routine on UKTV at 11.00. Watch Bob
7 This is the best version of Macbeth ever to hit the 6
tell the gags, 7 deliver the punchlines, and deal
stage; truly in every way. with audience members who are foolish enough to
a exceptional b comical c cheesy raise their voices to try and 8 heckle him.
8 Smith gave a performance as the Genie in this
excellent stage production of Aladdin.
5 ON A HIGH NOTE Write a message to a friend
a offensive b unconvincing c lively recommending a TV show or film you love.

118 UNIT VOCABULARY PRACTICE > page 121 © Pearson Central Europe, 2020 High Note 4 (B2/B2+)
10F SPEAKING 10
1 Read the phrases. How do you say them in Polish? I could go along with that.
I thought maybe we could
Supposing we
SPEAKING | Negotiating informally Would it be OK if I

MAKING SUGGESTIONS Elsa I think we should buy Kate an experience for her
How would you feel about watching a documentary birthday. 5 I thought maybe we could get her
about New Orleans? tickets to the music festival at the weekend. She’s
into mellow stuff, so she’ll like The Remedy and
I thought perhaps we could watch the news. The Jones Boy. It’s pretty soulful stuff.
Supposing we watched that quiz show. Jim 6
I could go along with that. We could go to the
Would it be OK if we watched the next episode of that festival too.
detective series? 7
Supposing we bought tickets for the three of us?
Elsa 8
Would it be OK if I brought another friend?
ASKING FOR CLARIFICATION
Jim Why not? It’ll be fun with more people.
Isn’t that a bit childish/silly/boring?
So, are you saying (that) going to the theatre is boring?
What kind of thing were you thinking of? I don’t want to be awkward, but
I’m happy with that.
ACCEPTING A SUGGESTION Is everyone happy with that?
I could go along with that. So are you saying
So how can we resolve this?
Fair enough.
I’m happy with that. Astrid So, are we going to the 7 p.m. showing of the
film or the 10 p.m. one?
NOT ACCEPTING A SUGGESTION
Dolph 7 p.m.
I don’t know if I would fancy that.
Jan 10 p.m.
I can see what you’re saying, but I don’t agree that the
Astrid Ah. 9 So how can we resolve this?
theatre is a waste of time.
Dolph 10 p.m. is too late. We'll get home after
I don’t want to be awkward, but that time isn’t very
midnight.
convenient for me.
Jan So? It’s Friday.
MAKING A FINAL DECISION Dolph 10
I don’t want to be awkward, but I’ve got
So how can we resolve this? a football match tomorrow.
Is everyone happy with that? Jan What time?
Dolph Er … midday.
2 Complete the suggestions with the correct forms of the Jan 11
So are you saying you need – like – ten hours’
verbs in brackets to make them sound tentative. sleep or something?
1 I thought perhaps we could eat out (can/eat out). Astrid Wait! It’s on at Filmhouse at … half eight.
12
2 Supposing we stayed (stay) at home tonight? Is everyone happy with that?

3 Would it be OK if we left (leave) early? Dolph Yes, 13 I’m happy with that.
4 What if we went out (go out) to dinner instead? Jan OK – whatever.

3 Complete the mini-conversations with the phrases 4 Find and correct one mistake in each sentence.
from the box. 1 I can’t see what you’re saying, but I’m not sure I agree
with you completely. can
How would you feel about
2 Imagine you were an actor, how will you feel about
Isn’t that a bit childish?
playing Romeo in the school production of Romeo and
OK, fair enough.
Juliet? would/do
What kind of thing were you thinking of?
3 Supposing we meeting outside the theatre twenty
Liam So what are we doing on Saturday night? minutes before the play starts? met
Corey No plans yet. 1What kind of thing were you 4 I could go away with the plan as long as we all stick
thinking of? together at the concert. along
Liam 2 How would you feel about seeing a play? The 5 I thought perhaps we can go and see some stand-up
Diary of Anne Frank is on at Broadend Theatre. comedy at the weekend. could
Corey Er, I think I’d rather go see the new Marvel film. 6 So are you say that you don’t like any kind of
Liam Cheesy superheroes, Corey? 3 Isn’t that a bit electronic music whatsoever? saying
childish?
Corey Plenty of people our age are into superheroes.
5 ON A HIGH NOTE Write a short dialogue between two
friends who are trying to decide which film to see.
Liam Well, not me – sorry. I’ll ask someone else then.
Corey 4 OK, fair enough.

© Pearson Central Europe, 2020 High Note 4 (B2/B2+) 119

 10G WRITING | An article

A LIVELY LIVE PERFORMANCE KEEPS

Give your article an eye-catching ENTERTAINMENT ALIVE!
title.
Is it more entertaining to watch a live performance than a TV show or film?
Having recently seen an adaptation of the hit film School of Rock at the
Grab the reader’s attention from New London Theatre, I think the answer is that, in some cases, it is.
the start; outline what the article Set in a privileged US school, School of Rock tells the story of Dewey
is about. Finn, a scruffy rock music fan who gets a job as a teacher by pretending
to be someone else. As the story unfolds, Finn bonds with his students,
teaches 1them about life and the history of rock music, and struggles to
Describe the show in more keep his true identity a secret. On stage, the plot remains much the same
detail: give key information and and includes all the funny moments from the film plus many hilarious new
summarise the plot. 2
ones. One of the great strengths of the adaptation is the number of
wonderful new original songs that have been added. The young actors
that play Finn’s pupils are required to dance, sing and play instruments
Give more detail, talk about the
and they give a truly mesmerising performance as they 3do so. I was blown
major themes or the plot.
away by the talent on display.
I would argue that the live version of School of Rock supports the
Describe one or more of the lead suggestion that 4such performances are the most rewarding to watch.
actors' performance(s). Firstly, there is the matter of immediacy. Playing to a camera, actors may
have taken many attempts to perfect a scene, and performances can be
edited to polish them. In the theatre on the other hand, there is ‘nowhere
Give your opinion on the to hide’, and seeing actors get everything right just metres away from you
second part of the question:
is a unique thrill. Secondly, the physical aspect of performances is much
make connections between the
better appreciated when you are watching live. This is particularly true of
performance(s) you described and
the second part of the question. a performance which involves dancing, playing instruments and singing.
Without taking anything away from the talents of film and TV actors,
I think there is some truth in the suggestion that live performances can be
Summarise the main points. You more entertaining to watch. If you don’t believe me, go and see School of
may refer back to the opening Rock.
paragraph.

1 Read the article and complete the advice with Do or

ACTIVE WRITING | Artykuł
Don’t.
1 Do give personal opinions. 1 Zaplanuj swój artykuł:
2 Do give concrete examples.
• Zwróć uwagę, że polecenie składa się z dwóch części.
• Przemyśl zagadnienia podane w poleceniu.
3 Don’t repeat the same words or phrases often.
• Pomyśl nad tytułem przyciągającym uwagę.
4 Do use emphatic structures.
2 Napisz swój artykuł:
5 Don’t use contracted forms, informal language.
• Napisz ciekawy wstęp zachęcający do czytania. W tym
2 The underlined parts in the model text are used to celu możesz wykorzystać cytat lub pytanie retoryczne.
avoid repetition. Match them with these words and • Rozwiń obie części polecenia. Zrecenzuj film, który
phrases which they replace. powstał na podstawie książki, oraz wyraź swoją
a 2 funny moments opinię na temat zagadnienia zawartego w zadaniu.
b 4 live • Wykorzystaj zwroty i wskazówki z tabeli Writing
(Student’s Book, str.147).
c 1 Finn’s students
• Unikaj powtórzeń – używaj synonimów i wyrażeń,
d 3 dance, sing and play które odwołują się do informacji podanych wcześniej.
3 WRITING TASK Przeczytałeś/Przeczytałaś ostatnio 3 Sprawdź, czy twój tekst:
artykuł, którego autor twierdzi, że adaptacja filmowa • omawia podane zagadnienie w przejrzysty sposób,
jest zawsze mniej wartościowa niż powieść. Napisz • jest uporządkowany, spójny i logiczny,
artykuł, w którym przedstawisz swoje zdanie na ten • zawiera różnorodne struktury gramatyczne oraz bogate
temat i zrecenzujesz film będący adaptacją powieści. słownictwo charakterystyczne dla danego tematu,
• mieści się w limicie 200–250 słów.

120 © Pearson Central Europe, 2020 High Note 4 (B2/B2+)

UNIT VOCABULARY PRACTICE 10
1 10A GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY Complete the labels 4 10D READING AND VOCABULARY Complete the
of the pictures with the words from the box. mini-conversations with one preposition in each gap.
bone circular curved geometric miniature Clyde I wish they wouldn’t keep me 1in suspense. I’m
pointed rectangular spherical wooden sure they’re doing it 2 on purpose!
Oona Well, 3 in all likelihood they’ll be in touch
today. You said the interview went well.
1 2 3
Clyde Yes, 4 in fact, it went really well. They seemed
to like me.
Oona 5
Without a doubt, they’ll offer you a place. Just
be patient for a little longer.

Verity I was 6 under the impression that you were

bone comb miniature cat wooden spoon going to pay for the tickets, Raj.
Raj Well, 7 for the sake of equality, Verity,
4 5 6 I think we should each pay for our own tickets.
Verity Oh, 8 in that case, I guess we should.

5 10D READING AND VOCABULARY Find and correct one

mistake with a prepositional phrase in each sentence.
1 It’s a bit of a boring film, but at last the seats are
rectangular parcel geometric pattern circular button comfortable! at least
2 On addition to the usual programme of
7 8 9 entertainment, there will also be a poetry reading.
In addition
3 I threw away the tickets for accident and now I’ve no
idea what to do! by accident
4 With contrast to the unconvincing first season, the
second season is exceptional. In contrast
5 They whispered to each other in the cinema
pointed pencil curved bracelet spherical necklace
under fear of disturbing the other people in the
audience. for fear
2 10A GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY Complete the
sentences with one word in each gap. 6 If we are going to be ready for the opening night of
this play, I need more effort in everyone’s part .
1 What exactly is the difference between beige and on everyone’s part
cream ? They’re both a kind of dirty white.
2 This enormous shield is made of bronze and must 6 10E VOCABULARY Choose the correct words to complete
have been carried by a strong man. the sentences.
3 The ring has a golden colour, although it’s not 1 The new season of Darker Days is an absolute
actually made of gold. for horror fans everywhere.
4 The hat was squashed flat after our cat sat on it! a stand-up b feature-length c must-watch
5 This piece is carved from solid ivory , unfortunately for 2 The stand-up comedian dealt amusingly with the
the poor elephant involved. member of the audience who tried to .
a play him b catch him up c heckle him
3 10B LISTENING AND VOCABULARY Choose the correct
words to complete the text. 3 The review said that the movie was ‘edge of the
stuff’, but I found it really boring.
We’ve got a diverse and exciting line up on this a routine b seat c stage
evening’s show. First to perform will be rapper 4 The new lead singer has a(n) voice and is a worthy
MC Chin, who’ll have you dancing and jumping to replacement for Kelly Simmons.
the 1mellow / rhythmic beats of his 2monotonous /
a exceptional b appalling c unconvincing
upbeat summer dance hit ‘Junk-store Hero’. It’s got
5 The video for this song was made in the hills that
to be the 3brassiest / catchiest tune I’ve heard for
look down on Beirut.
years. I can’t stop singing it even though I always
sing 4 off-key / soothing. Then it’s time to calm things a lively b breathtaking c worthwhile
right down and get 5 mellow / upbeat with the 6 After being damaged by fire, the once-valuable
6
exhilarating / soulful voice of Athena J. Rain singing collection of film costumes is now .
her heartbreaking hit ‘Alone Again’. So here we go ... a worthwhile b invaluable c worthless
give it up for MC Chin!
7 ON A HIGH NOTE Do you think that some subjects are
unsuitable for humour? Write a short paragraph and
give your opinion.

© Pearson Central Europe, 2020 High Note 4 (B2/B2+) 121

 Unit self-check

GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY 4 Combine the two sentences using a participle clause.
1 Choose the correct words to complete the sentences. 1 They walked into the room. They saw that they’d been
burgled.
1 This mellow / rhythmic music is very pleasant, but it’s Walking into the room, they saw that they'd been
no good for dancing to. burgled.
2 I didn’t mean to hurt you; I’d never do anything like 2 I lost my wallet. I had to cancel all my cards.
that by accident / on purpose . Having lost my wallet, I had to cancel all my cards.
3 This is a historic / historical moment for our country. 3 She saw two men arguing outside the shop. She
4 Conrad’s cheesy / exceptional performance will go crossed the street to avoid them.
down as one of the greatest of all time.  Seeing two men arguing outside the shop, she
crossed the street to avoid them.
5 Le Dearn delivers / plays the lead for the first time and
proves she is a name to remember. 4 I had been lying in the sun for an hour. I decided it
was time for a swim.
/5
Having been lying in the sun for an hour, I decided it
2 Complete the sentences with one word in each gap. was time for a swim.
5 He didn’t hear his alarm. He overslept by two hours.
1 I’m afraid we’ll have to keep you in suspense until all Not hearing his alarm, he overslept by two hours.
the votes have been counted. 6 Corey changed his degree course. He felt a lot happier
2 I’m staying in and catching up on a few episodes of at university.
Horseforth tonight.  Having changed his degree course, Corey felt a lot
3 The tennis finals were so exciting that we spent the happier at university.
entire afternoon on the edge of our seats. /5
4 For the sake of security, we will need to see
identification from every single one of you. USE OF ENGLISH
5 In fact, I love the Sun but I’m staying out of the Sun
for fear of getting sunburnt.
5 Complete the text with one word in each gap.
/5 1
Having done stand-up comedy routines for
many years, I can report that it may 2 well be
3 Complete the sentences with suitable past modals and
the scariest profession there is. My life would
the correct forms of the verbs in brackets. Sometimes
more than one answer is possible. have 3 been so much easier if I’d chosen
a different career. I regularly have nightmares
1 Someone must have been sitting (sit) here recently
because the chair is still warm. where I’m on stage 4 telling a gag and I get to
the end, 5 deliver the punchline and it’s followed
2 These jeans cannot/can’t have been washed (wash)
properly because they are still dirty at the bottom of by absolute silence from the audience. They
the legs. stare at me; I stare at them. In fact, at this point
3 That might/may/could have been (be) the same actor
I usually wake up, stressed and sweaty but
that was in True Life, but I’m not completely sure. relieved 6 at least, that it was only a dream.
4 It seems logical to conclude that these glasses would /5
have/would’ve been worn (wear) by a very young child.
5 Yes, I agree that it’s very likely. I think these gloves 6 Choose the correct words a–d to complete the
may/might/could (well) have belonged (belong) to text.
Queen Beatrice.
6 The Romans can’t have constructed (construct) those 1
    into the antiques market, I approached
buildings – they aren't that old. the first stall with a sense of excitement. This
/5 lovely little wooden music box 2    my eye
immediately. It is a classic design with a 3   
ballerina that spins when the lid is open. In all
4
    , it was made and sold in Geneva in the 1920s
and would have been a 5    possession for a very
lucky child.

1 a Have walked b Walking c To walk d Walked

2 a drew b held c caught d stuck
3 a spherical b miniature c childish d geometric
4 a likelihood b doubt c fear d contrast
5 a magically b magic c magician d magical

/5
/ 30

122 © Pearson Central Europe, 2020 High Note 4 (B2/B2+)

Matura self-check 10
1 Przetłumacz na język angielski fragmenty podane 3 Uzupełnij poniższe minidialogi (1–4), wybierając
w nawiasach, tak aby otrzymać zdania logiczne brakującą wypowiedź jednej z osób. Zakreśl literę a, b
i gramatycznie poprawne. Wymagana jest pełna albo c.
poprawność ortograficzna wpisywanych fragmentów 1 X: Supposing we saw a dance show tonight?
zdań. W każdą lukę możesz wpisać maksymalnie sześć Y:
wyrazów. X: Cool! Shall I book the tickets?
1 Jane must have watched the last episode (z pewnością a I couldn’t go along with that.
obejrzała ostatni odcinek) of the series.
b Fair enough.
2 This type of modern art has never appealed to (nigdy
c I guess you might be right.
mi się nie podobał) me.
2 X: What did you think of the band?
3 Having finished work/working on (Skończywszy pracę
Y:
nad) the portrait, the artist decided to call it a day.
X: You are spot on! I totally agree.
4 I was particularly impressed by (byłem pod szczególnym
a The lead singer was completely off-key.
wrażeniem) the story that the soldier had told us.
b It was easy way too expensive.
5 The third part of the saga is (supposed) to be released
(ma wejść na ekrany) next month. c I’m having second thoughts about them.
6 The actress’s extravagant dress grabbed/drew/ 3 X: Our video is going to be on TV!
attracted the journalists’ attention (przyciągnęła Y:
uwagę dziennikarzy) at the festival. X: Unbelievable, isn’t it?
7 He can’t/couldn’t have acted/appeared/been a You guys, I’m blown away!
(niemożliwe, że zagrał) in that film. He was ill when it b Never again!
was being shot. c Broadly speaking, it did.
8 Having looked at both sides (Przyjrzawszy się obu 4 X: I think Adam is going to regret his decision.
stronom) of the argument, I must say that I’m against. Y:
9 Why not wait and see (Może poczekamy i zobaczymy) X: Well, he could have waited a year and then decided.
how the story unfolds? a It was quite thought-provoking.
10 The audience had started laughing before the b He must have done it.
comedian delivered the punchline (zanim komik
c He had no choice but to do it.
wygłosił puentę).
11 The film kept us in suspense (trzymał nas w napięciu)
until the end. 4 Wykorzystując wyrazy podane drukowanymi
literami, uzupełnij każde zdanie z luką, tak aby
zachować sens zdania wyjściowego (1–8). W każdą lukę
2 W zadaniach 1–8 uzupełnij luki, wpisując wyraz, można wpisać maksymalnie pięć wyrazów, wliczając
który poprawnie uzupełnia luki w obydwu zdaniach. wyraz już podany. Wymagana jest pełna poprawność
1 The sculpture was carved out of a solid piece of oak. ortograficzna i gramatyczna wpisywanych fragmentów
The famous altar in Seville is made of solid gold. zdań. Nie zmieniaj formy podanych wyrazów.
2 The castle’s massive walls protected it against 1 I took more photos than was necessary for my project.
the enemy. NEED
The song’s bound to become a massive hit. I need not (needn’t) have taken so many photos for
3 There’s been a car accident outside my house. my project.
We met quite by accident . 2 It’s impossible that he refused to act in the school
4 It’s a well-known fact that famous painters were very play. HAVE
poor. He can’t have refused to act in the school play.
I was told the statue is cheap while, in fact , it cost 3 I’m sure she was chewing gum during the
a fortune. performance because she didn’t speak clearly. MUST
5 The decision to buy the drawing was a smart move on She must have been chewing gum during
her part . the performance because she didn’t speak clearly.
The poster does not inspire people to take part in 4 It’s possible that this sculpture is not genuine. NOT
the exhibition. This scultpure might/may not be genuine.
6 Do not point your finger at me! 5 The teacher made me rewrite the whole essay. WAS
I’d like to point out that this piece of art is genuine. I was made to rewrite the whole essay.
7 It’s a one-hour drive to get from here to the seaside. 6 'I didn't tell the teacher about the surprise’. DENIED
We’re looking for artists with drive and She denied telling the teacher about the surprise.
determination. 7 You only know about the break-in at the art gallery
8 We have learnt the truth by pure chance. because I told you. TOLD
Have a sip, it’s pure drinking water. If I had not / hadn’t told you , you wouldn’t know
about the break-in at the art gallery.
8 I regret not performing at the charity event. WISH
I wish I had performed at the charity event.

© Pearson Central Europe, 2020 High Note 4 (B2/B2+) 123

 Matura practice test 2

SŁUCHANIE
European Capitals of Culture
1 44 Usłyszysz dwukrotnie wywiad z mężczyzną, (that you’ve probably never heard of)
który zdecydował się zamieszkać na łodzi. Z podanych
odpowiedzi wybierz właściwą, zgodną z treścią
A
nagrania. Zakreśl jedną z liter: a, b, c albo d.
1 What was the main reason Peter decided to live
Guimarães (2012)
on a houseboat?
One of Portugal’s most underrated gems is an
a He was unable to pay for his expensive flat.
easy day trip from Porto. If any city can be described
b He was talked into it by his business partner. as adorable, then it is Guimarães. Its pedestrianised
c He needed to move into a more central location. heart is a web of gently winding cobbled streets
d He wanted to expand his company while enjoying and washing-hung alleyways bejewelled with tiny
the proximity of nature. bars and cute cafés. Those alleyways lead to pretty
2 What aspect of living on a boat does Peter find most plazas that tend to be any shape but square, which
challenging? is very appealing, while its dinky, idiosyncratic shops,
a The limited space available on a boat. specialising in lacework, hats and birdcages, are
b The low temperatures experienced in winter. a joy to discover. Attractions include the picturesque
remains of a 10th century castle and the 10-minute
c The lack of running water on a boat.
cable-car ride to the 613-metre peak known as
d Some extra chores that need to be done on a boat.
Penha.
3 According to Peter, which is NOT TRUE about life
on a houseboat?
B
a It’s becoming increasingly popular.
b It attracts people with many different lifestyles.
Leeuwarden (2018)
c It’s a cheaper alternative to traditional kinds of Few visitors to Holland look beyond Amsterdam
housing.
and Rotterdam, but Leeuwarden, the capital of
d Most people find it enjoyable to live on a boat. the northern province of Friesland, has much
4 Which fees need to be paid only by some boaters? going for it, including a historic city centre and
a Council tax. a former palace. It also hosts the start and finish
b Mooring fees. of the Elfstedentocht, a traditional 200-kilometre
c Insurance charges. skating contest that rushes between 11 towns,
veering along frozen canals. Leeuwarden’s most
d Boat licence.
famous children are M. C. Escher, the graphic
5 While answering the last question, Peter encourages
artist, and Mata Hari, the German spy executed
listeners to
by firing squad more than 100 years ago. The
a try camping first as it is similar to boating. city’s Fries Museum exhibits two of her personal
b make a decision to adopt a boating lifestyle. scrapbooks. You should also look out for the
c be prepared to spend lots of money on repairs. Oldehove church - not exactly straight, and so
d employ a specialist before choosing a houseboat. considered Leeuwarden’s answer to the Leaning
Tower of Pisa.
CZYTANIE
C
2 Przeczytaj trzy teksty (A–C) oraz pytania ich dotyczące.
Do każdego pytania dopasuj właściwy tekst. Uwaga:
jeden tekst pasuje do dwóch pytań.
Plovdiv (2019)
This Bulgarian city is advertised as one of Europe’s
In which text does the author oldest continuously inhabited cities. Its landmark
1 hint at the rivalry between two cities? C attraction is an ancient Roman theatre dating back
2 refer to an event encompassing several locations? B to 90AD. But recently the city has tried to reinvent
3 express a preference for variety in architectural itself as the country’s capital of cool (much to
features? A the amusement of the residents of Sofia) – which
4 mention two landmarks which bear a resemblance means plenty of craft beer pubs, artisan coffee
to each other? B shops, concept restaurants and sanctioned street
art. Plovdiv’s nickname is the “City of Seven Hills”,
which is misleading because there are only six
(the seventh was blown up and turned into road
ballast). Clinging to one of the survivors is the Old
Town, which is lauded for its colourful, 19th-century
houses.

124 © Pearson Central Europe, 2020 High Note 4 (B2/B2+)

 06–10
ZNAJOMOŚĆ ŚRODKÓW JĘZYKOWYCH MÓWIENIE
3 Uzupełnij zdania, wykorzystując podane w nawiasach 5 Wspólnie z grupą kolegów z klasy postanowiliście
wyrazy w odpowiedniej formie. Nie należy zmieniać przygotować kampanię uwrażliwiającą uczniów
kolejności podanych wyrazów, trzeba natomiast – na zjawisko znęcania się nad słabszymi. Wyraź swoje
jeżeli jest to konieczne – dodać inne wyrazy, tak aby zdanie na temat poniższych projektów plakatów
otrzymać logiczne i gramatycznie poprawne zdania. do kampanii.
Wymagana jest pełna poprawność ortograficzna • Wybierz ten plakat, który twoim zdaniem będzie
wpisywanych fragmentów. W każdą lukę możesz najbardziej odpowiedni, i uzasadnij swój wybór.
wpisać maksymalnie pięć wyrazów, wliczając
• Wyjaśnij, dlaczego odrzucasz pozostałe propozycje.
w to wyrazy już podane.
1 The woman insisted on filing a complaint (insist / file / 1 2
complaint) against her noisy neighbours although
they tried to discourage her from doing it.
2 The construction of this medieval castle is thought to
have begun (think / begin) at the end of the 12th century.
3 If I were you, I would have got rid of (get / rid) your
old car years ago.
4 Having climbed in the Alps/After climbing in the Alps
(climb / in / Alps) for a while, I felt I was ready for
a bigger challenge.

4 Przeczytaj tekst. Uzupełnij każdą lukę jednym

wyrazem, tak aby powstał spójny i logiczny tekst. 3
Wymagana jest pełna poprawność gramatyczna
i ortograficzna wpisywanych wyrazów.

Virtual reality could offer relief from pain

Virtual reality (VR) has the potential to relieve an individual’s
sensitivity to pain, according to a new study. Researchers
at Imperial College London placed a group of volunteers
in an immersive VR environment with scenes of 1 the
Arctic after applying a cream to their legs containing
capsaicin, the substance which gives you a burning sensation
when you eat chilli peppers. The capsaicin made the skin
more sensitive to a small electric shock which was then
applied to stimulate pain. The scientists found reduced 6 Odpowiedz na pytania.
pain reported 2 by/in those testing the VR technology 1 What can students do to stop bullying at school?
versus those who weren’t. This indicates that VR plays 2 Should young people be educated about bullying by
their parents at home or by teachers at school? Why?
some 3 role in disrupting pain pathways to the brain. The
results offer a sign of progress for scientists looking to VR 3 Do you think online bullying is worse than physical
bullying? Why?/Why not?
as a potential future therapy for chronic pain sufferers who
4 Some people believe that Internet providers have
are bed-bound or unable to move their limbs, as 4 no
a duty to prevent cyberbullying. Do you agree? Why?/
movement is required to use the technology. Why not?

PISANIE
7 Coraz więcej młodych osób uważa, że najlepszą
gwarancją sukcesu zawodowego jest założenie
i prowadzenie własnej firmy. Napisz na ten temat
rozprawkę, w której przedstawisz wady i zalety
takiego rozwiązania.
Wypowiedź powinna zawierać od 200 do 250 słów i spełniać
wszystkie wymogi typowe dla formy wskazanej w poleceniu.

© Pearson Central Europe, 2020 High Note 4 (B2/B2+) 125

 Use of English - extra practice

TŁUMACZENIE (zadania zamknięte) PARAFRAZA ZDAŃ (zadania zamknięte)

1 Z podanych opcji odpowiedzi (a–c) wybierz tę, 2 Spośród podanych opcji odpowiedzi (a–c) wybierz
która jest poprawnym tłumaczeniem fragmentu tę, która najlepiej oddaje sens wyróżnionego zdania
podanego w nawiasie. Zakreśl literę a, b albo c. lub jego fragmentu. Zakreśl literę a, b albo c.
1 This crazy crash diet (odbija się na jej zdrowiu). 1 I would prefer you not to stay home all day.
a is turning around her. b is taking its toll on her. a had better not stay
c is not appealing to her. b would rather you didn’t stay
2 Hardly (przyjechałem na lotnisko), when there was c think you shouldn’t have stayed
a strike. 2 Rod said, ‘It wasn’t me who called the police.’
a had I arrived at the airport a denied calling the police.
b did I arrive to the airport b criticised me for calling the police.
c have I arrived to the airport c refused to call the police.
3 In my previous school, (zabroniono nam korzystać z) 3 Paul is always having arguments with his brother.
mobile phones. a looking down
a we were able to use b we were forbidden to use b falling out
c we were obliged to use c messing about
4 This song is very good. It (z pewnością zostanie) a hit. 4 I went to school although I didn’t feel very well.
a is supposed to become b is likely to become a whereas I wasn’t feeling
c is bound to become b as long as I felt
5 I wish I (powiedziałam ci) about my plans – you c despite not feeling
could’ve helped me! 5 I’ve always admired my older brother for his patience.
a told you b have told you a kept up with
c had told you b looked up to
6 We must (pogodzić się) with the recent changes. c cut down on
a be on the safe side b keep up with 6 It’s a pity my dog didn’t eat the food I cooked for him.
c come to terms a I wish my dog ate
7 You (nie masz prawa do) to a discount on air travel. b I wish my dog had eaten
a are not entitled b are not allowed c I wish my dog was eating
c are not prohibited 7 Mary is very excited about having a baby.
8 (Przestępczość nieletnich) is on the rise in most a is looking forward to
European countries. b doesn’t mind
a Crime justification b Juvenile delinquency c is blown away with
c Youth inequality 8 They say the castle was built 200 years ago.
9 (Dawno cię nie widziałem!) How are things? a The castle is said to be built
a I haven’t seen you recently! b The castle was said to be built
b It’s ages since I last heard from you! c The castle is said to have been built
c Long time no see! 9 I’m sure he will be late.
10 He has never managed (utrzymać pracę) for longer a He’s bound to
than a year. b He’s supposed to
a to hold down a job b to support a job c He’s about to
c to accept a job 10 Jane doesn’t like when people look at her.
11 If you hadn’t eaten so much pasta, you (nie czułbyś się) a looking at her
so heavy now. b being looked at
a wouldn’t have felt c having been looked at
b wouldn’t have been feeling 11 The noise of the traffic in my street is deafening but
c wouldn’t feel I’ve learned to accept it.
12 The woman recommended (abyśmy zadzwonili) the a used to
manager. b been used to
a that we call b that they should call us c got used to
c that she called 12 My new shoes are nowhere near as comfortable as
13 Do you mind (aby cię filmować) when you’re the old ones.
answering the survey? a not as comfortable as
a to be filmed b being filmed b much more comfortable than
c to film you c slightly less comfortable than

126 © Pearson Central Europe, 2020 High Note 4 (B2/B2+)

WIELOKROTNY WYBÓR (a–d) Lightning strike
3 Przeczytaj teksty. Z podanych odpowiedzi wybierz People in the past were afraid of lightning. Early
właściwą, tak aby otrzymać logiczne i gramatycznie Greeks believed that lightning was a sign of anger
poprawne teksty. Zakreśl jedną z liter: a, b, c albo d. from Zeus. Thunderbolts are thought to 11 by
Athena, the goddess of wisdom. Since lightning
James Bond – the hero of imperial Britain was a manifestation of the gods, any spot struck
When Ian Fleming created the character of James Bond in by lightning was regarded as sacred. Consequently,
1953, he probably never imagined that his books 1 Greeks and Romans erected temples at these sites
among the best-selling fiction books of all time. What fans of to worship their gods. Lightning is also an area of
Ian Fleming’s writing might not know is that when he 2 to research for scientists who have been trying to
write his famous books, he didn’t want to create a spy story.
12
its secrets and find ways to predict where
the lightning would strike. Lightning is especially
Before he became a writer, he had been an intelligence
harmful to farmers as it causes fires that can
officer in the Royal Navy. 3 was he dedicated to the British
destroy millions of dollars’ 13 of crops. Right
Empire, but he also believed in its permanence. In 1946
now, our only warning system is observing storm
Fleming built a house in Jamaica, which he called clouds. Scientists are on constant lookout for 14
‘Goldeneye’. He enjoyed spending time there as it 4 him of weather patterns that could be signs of dangerous
the good old days. By the time he began writing his first Bond storms. Unfortunately, predicting the exact time
novel, Casino Royale, in 1952, British power in Jamaica 5 of a strike is still not possible, let alone finding
to crumble. Not surprisingly, he wasn’t happy about it, so he the exact spot where lightning is 15 to strike.
created James Bond as a consoling fantasy for himself and
his readers.
11 a being invented b be invented
c have been invented d invent
1 a will rank b would rank
12 a discover b find c verify d uncover
c will have ranked d would have ranked
13 a worth b cost c value d investment
2 a went off b put in
14 a past b unlucky c patchy d freak
c set out d passed on
15 a bound b likely c sure d obvious
3 a Little b Hardly
c No sooner d Not only
Habit-changing technology
4 a reminded b remembered The last decade 16 unprecedented technological
c evoked d showed changes in all areas of life. Mobile networks allow their
5 a began b had begun users to surf the net and stream video at great speeds and
c was beginning d used to begin driverless cars are no longer the gadgets of science fiction.
At the same time some changes have been so subtle that
Get ready for Generation Alpha we 17 them.
Social media is a good example that technology has a great
You probably know all about baby boomers, generation 18
on our habits. Before Facebook was launched in 2004,
Xers, Zeds, or millennials, but you might not 6 much
we had used to make long-distance calls to keep in touch
about Generation Alpha yet. Born between 2010 and
with friends and family. Now, it takes only a few clicks to
2025, Generation Alpha is beginning to 7 the attention 19
close relationships. With over 2.6 billion monthly
of researchers. Unlike Zeds, who can still remember active users in 2020, Facebook is still the biggest social
a time without mobile phones, Alphas have technology network worldwide.
seamlessly integrated into their lives. They do not have Another area of life that has been influenced by technology
to create their own social media accounts as their is navigation. Having a satellite navigation system (GPS)
parents 8 it for them by the time they are even 20
with your car cockpit used to be considered
born. A 2014 survey found that close to 40 per cent of state-of-the-art technology. These days, with more and
millennial mums 9 social media accounts for their more users switching to mobile apps, such devices are
kids before the child’s first birthday. quickly becoming 21 – a basic smartphone is more
Thanks to two-income families, Generation Alpha is sophisticated, up-to-date and easier to use.
bound to be the most educated generation ever. Not
surprisingly, they are also expected to be the wealthiest 16 a saw b has seen c had seen d was seeing
generation to 10 . However, what will really define
17 a shouldn’t have noticed b can’t have noticed
Generation Alpha is still to be discovered.
c mustn’t have noticed d may not have noticed
6 a hear b be hearing 18 a impact b importance
c have heard d have been heard c result d footprint
7 a call b draw c keep d pay 19 a get b stay c share d maintain
8 a will have done b will be doing 20 a integrating b being integrated
c are doing d do c integrated d to be integrated
9 a do up b set up c look up d pick up 21 a topical b obsolete
10 a now b time c decade d date c fashionable d pointless

© Pearson Central Europe, 2020 High Note 4 (B2/B2+) 127

 Use of English - extra practice

TEST LUK
The myth of ten percent
4 Uzupełnij luki (1–24), wpisując jedno słowo
w każdą lukę w taki sposób, aby powstały spójne The notion that we use only ten percent of our
i logiczne teksty. Wymagana jest pełna poprawność brains is firmly rooted in popular culture in
gramatyczna i ortograficzna wpisywanych wyrazów. 13
spite of several efforts to debunk it. The idea
is very appealing because it suggests that we
The origins of the Java Jacket could become more intelligent and creative
Coffee is one of the most popular drinks in the world. if only we 14 were able to take control of that
We love it for the boost of energy that comes from unused ninety percent.
1
having/drinking our favourite kind of coffee as well It’s not clear how this myth began, but there
as for its refreshing taste and aroma. A lot of people are several possible sources. One of them is
could not imagine a day without a cup of coffee in Dale Carnegie’s book How to Win Friends and
the morning, especially freshly brewed and served Influence People published in 1936, where
by a barista in the coffee shop nearby. However, the myth was described as something the
up until 20 years ago, getting a cup of coffee to go author’s college professor 15 used to say. There
might have 2 meant burning your hand. Today, thanks is also a belief that neurons make up around
to the invention of the Java Jacket – the coffee cup ten percent of the brain’s cells. This may also
sleeve – we can enjoy a cup on the go, even if it’s have contributed 16 to this popular myth. The
boiling 3 hot . The history of the invention goes back ten percent figure has been repeated in books,
to 1991, when estate agent Jay Sorensen burnt his films and TV programmes, 17 which helps to
fingers picking up a cup from a drive-through window. understand why it is so widespread. What is
4
As a consequence, he dropped the whole cup in most intriguing 18 about this myth, though, is
his lap. His first idea was to make a better-insulated how disappointed people are when they learn
cup, but it was quite expensive. Eventually, his idea that it’s not true.
evolved 5 into the Java Jacket. He sold his first box of
jackets to a local coffee chain and soon his invention
came into use. While you are reading this, Sorensen’s
cups are 6 being sold all over the world and his Why we believe in conspiracy theories
original coffee cup sleeve has earned a place at New
Conspiracy theories have been around
York’s Museum of Modern Art.
since the dawn of 19 time , but they seem to
have become more widespread in recent years.
One example of such theories is the claim that
Why sunshine improves our mood the pharmaceutical industry is not interested
Shorter and darker winter days make most of us in preventing the spread of diseases or that
7
feel blue and depressed. Fortunately, when vaccines 20 cause illnesses. While these beliefs
summer comes along, this condition usually goes may appear odd, there is research 21 evidence
away. Scientists believe that bright light makes us that proves they are surprisingly common.
more awake and improves our mood. They have According to American Journal of Political
reached this conclusion by studying the effect of Science, half of all Americans believe in at 22 least
light 8 on the human body. Light travels through one conspiracy theory. 23 Given that we now have
the eyes and sends a message to the part of the easy access to verified information, such beliefs
brain that controls patterns of sleep and appetite. are especially hard to accept. Some researchers
When summer comes, there is more sunlight so explain that they may be the 24 result of
our energy level 9 rises considerably, making us evolutionary processes, claiming that the feeling
less sleepy and exhausted. 10 In addition, the heat of powerlessness and frustration makes us believe
from the sun has a soothing effect on our body and that there are secretive forces plotting against
mind. Not only 11 does it reduce blood pressure, us and our interests. Once these beliefs take
but it also produces a feeling of relaxation. Some root, mental shortcuts reinforce and strengthen
people, especially those with low blood pressure, them.
might experience negative effects of long summer
days, involving tiredness and anxiety. However, it’s
usually very simple to get 12 rid of this feeling with
regular exercise and a healthy diet.

128 © Pearson Central Europe, 2020 High Note 4 (B2/B2+)

SŁOWOTWÓRSTWO TEST LUK (z wyrazami w ramce)
5 Uzupełnij każdą lukę jednym wyrazem, 6 Uzupełnij luki (1–10), przekształcając jeden
przekształcając wyrazy podane w nawiasach, tak aby z wyrazów z ramki w taki sposób, aby powstały spójne
otrzymać logiczne i gramatycznie poprawne teksty. i logiczne teksty. Wymagana jest pełna poprawność
gramatyczna i ortograficzna wpisywanych wyrazów.
Dwa wyrazy zostały podane dodatkowo i nie pasują
Aromatherapy do żadnej luki.
Alongside conventional and 1 trustworthy (TRUST)
ways to improve health problems such as anxiety develop wide human create estimate signify
depend
or insomnia, there are a few alternative methods
that have been around for centuries. One of
them is aromatherapy. It’s a holistic healing The history of pandemics
2
treatment (TREAT) that uses natural plant Throughout history, infectious diseases have killed
extracts, or essential oils, to improve the health more people than wars, earthquakes or volcanoes put
of the body, mind and spirit. Apparently, together. Malaria, the mosquito-borne disease, has
aromatherapy 3 enables (ABLE) us to benefit ravaged 1 humanity for thousands of years. Although its
from special properties of essential plant oils. death toll has dropped 2 significantly over the past 20
They were used in ancient China, India and Egypt years, it still kills nearly half a million people every year.
for medical and religious reasons. It was also The Plague of Justinian, which struck in the 6th century,
believed that they brought both physical and wiped out 50 million people. Similarly, the Black Death
psychological advantages. Today essential oils of the 14th century 3 is estimated to have killed up to
can be found everywhere, from candles and 200 million people. Smallpox is thought to have caused
perfumes to spa treatments. The medical and more deaths in the 20th century alone, even though
scientific 4 communities (COMMUNE) don’t always an effective vaccine 4 was / had been developed in
approve of aromatherapy and relegate it to the 1796. These numbers still come as a shock today, even
world of alternative medicine. Nevertheless, it’s in the light of the new COVID-19 pandemic that began
been gaining more and more 5 recognition spreading in December 2019. It was declared a pandemic
(RECOGNISE) in the fields of science and by the WHO in March 2020 and before that month was
medicine in recent years. over, over half a million people had caught it. Scores of
companies and 5 independent researchers started to
develop tests, medicines and vaccines. The world’s chief
Comfort food activity was now focused on ensuring humanity survived
the pandemic.
When we are down in the dumps, we often reach
for high-fat and sweet comfort foods such
as chocolate, chips or ice cream. They provide find forget accept sensation associate locate
6
pleasure (PLEASANT) and temporarily make memorise
us feel better. Psychologists claim that our craving for
comfort food is actually an artefact from our past. The lost island of Atlantis
7
broadly (BROAD) speaking, eating such foods takes The idea of Atlantis, the fictional island civilisation, has
us back to the times when we felt happy and been an object of fascination among western historians
we symbolically consume this past happiness. Comfort for more than 2,000 years. Dozens of historical books and
food can also be 8 associated (ASSOCIATE) with websites focusing on 6 sensational information have been
specific people in our lives, triggering fond memories devoted to Atlantis. Unlike many legends whose origins
7
of the people we loved. Another explanation is so have been forgotten , we know exactly when and where
called ‘emotional eating’, when we turn to high-calorie the story of Atlantis began. It was first mentioned in two
of Plato’s dialogues, the Timaeus and the Critias. Plato
food for stress 9 relief (RELIEVE) or to reward
described Atlantis as a powerful and advanced kingdom.
ourselves. 10 Oddly (ODD) enough, eating to
One night, the gods sank Atlantis into the ocean by
fulfil emotional needs usually makes us feel worse, bombarding it with fire and earthquakes and it was never
not better. Afterwards, for the vast 11 majority 8
to be found again. Countless theories about its location
(MAJOR) of emotional eaters, the original problem have arisen: in the Mediterranean, near Spain’s coastline,
remains unsolved and they feel guilty for overeating. even beneath the ice at the South Pole. One popular idea
states that the legend of Atlantis 9 is associated with
Santorini. Part of this Greek island sank under the waves
due to a volcanic eruption around 3,600 years ago. Most
scientists, though, remain sceptical, claiming we will never
link Atlantis to an existing 10 location on Earth.

© Pearson Central Europe, 2020 High Note 4 (B2/B2+) 129

 Use of English - extra practice

PARAFRAZA ZDAŃ (zadania otwarte) UZUPEŁNIANIE ZDAŃ

7 Wykorzystując wyrazy podane drukowanymi 8 Uzupełnij zdania, wykorzystując podane wyrazy
literami, uzupełnij każde zdanie z luką, tak aby zachować w odpowiedniej formie. Nie należy zmieniać kolejności
sens zdania wyjściowego (1–20). W każdą lukę można podanych wyrazów. Trzeba natomiast – jeżeli jest to
wpisać maksymalnie sześć wyrazów, wliczając wyraz konieczne – dodać inne wyrazy, aby otrzymać logiczne
już podany. Wymagana jest pełna poprawność i poprawne gramatycznie zdania. W każdą lukę
ortograficzna i gramatyczna wpisywanych fragmentów możesz wpisać maksymalnie sześć wyrazów.
zdań. Nie zmieniaj formy podanych wyrazów. 1 I’d rather she let(s) us view (let / we / view) the results
1 The teacher finished the lesson before the bell rang. of her work online.
ALREADY 2 Fran apologised to me for not telling (I / not / tell) me
When the bell rang the lesson had already been finished . about the changes in the timetable.
2 It was wrong of you not to apologise to Stephanie. HAVE
3 My hairdryer broke again. I wish I had listened to your
You should have apologised to Stephanie.
advice (listen / you / advice) and bought a better model.
3 They made all the club members sign the petition. TO
All the club members were made to sign the petition. 4 If you want to improve your English, why don’t you
try watching (not / you / try / watch) films in English?
4 Perhaps Monica didn’t realise the implications of her
actions. HAVE 5 When I was in kindergarten, I used to burst into tears
Monica might/may not have realised the implications (use / burst / tears) when somebody took my toys.
of her actions. 6 If only I had not eaten so much (not / eat / much)
5 Studying at night is nothing new for me. USED pizza last night!
I am used to studying at night. 7 There appears to have been a robbery (be / robbery)
6 Jack probably won’t play in the match. UNLIKELY in the bank. The police are investigating.
Jack is unlikely to play in the match.
8 If the story had not come to light (not / come / light)
7 Finally, Alice managed to pass the driving test. that evening, we wouldn’t have acted so fast.
SUCCEEDED
Finally, Alice succeeded in passing the driving test. 9 The dietician suggested that she (should) cut down on
sugar (she / cut / sugar) in her diet.
8 I regret not informing you about their visit. TOLD
If only I had told you about their visit. 10 No sooner had we begun doing/to do (we / begin /
9 Peter was wearing a mask so that nobody could do) the experiment than there was a power cut.
recognise him. AVOID 11 I wonder why you refused to work on the project. You
Peter was wearing a mask to avoid being recognised . should have taken (on) the challenge (should / take /
10 I find her behaviour really irritating. GETS challenge)!
Her behaviour really gets on my nerves . 12 I didn’t know you are/were capable of making (be /
11 I enjoy reading crime stories more than watching capable / make) such advanced presentations.
thrillers. RATHER 13 Will/Would you be able (you / able) to help me with
I read crime stories rather than / ’d rather read crime
preparing the school party tomorrow?
stories than watch thrillers.
12 I am sure she hasn’t forgotten about the deadline. HAVE 14 It was the first time our team had managed to win
She can’t have forgotten about the deadline. (manage / win) the race.
13 Sheila enjoys being photographed. TAKEN 15 The computer which crashed had been malfunctioning
Sheila enjoys having her photos taken . for weeks (malfunction / weeks) but I didn’t suppose
14 ’I know you ate my cookies, Simon!’ said Louise. OF the problem was so serious.
Louise accused Simon of eating her cookies. 16 The manager is thought to have hidden the truth (hid
15 Betty wants Eric to cook dinner. RATHER / truth) about the problems the company was facing.
Betty would rather Eric cooked dinner. 17 I don’t remember watching (not remember / watch)
16 There was no use staying there so long because no this documentary on TV. What’s it about?
one came anyway. HAVE 18 Mary bitterly regrets/regretted telling Mark the truth
We needn’t have stayed so long because no one (regret / tell / Mark / truth) about yesterday’s incident.
came anyway.
19 We set off first thing in the morning in spite of the rain
17 The sources report that the bakery was established in
(spite / rain).
1960. HAVE
The bakery is reported to have been established in 1960. 20 My twisted ankle may prevent me from playing (may
18 I had an argument with my sister and she won’t talk to / prevent / I / play) in tomorrow’s match.
me now. OUT 21 Are you in favour of (you / favour) the ban on smoking
If I hadn’t fallen out with my sister, she would be in all public places?
talking to me now. 22 He promised himself that he would not run the risk of
19 Was it Kacper’s idea to upload the video onto the (not run / risk) getting things wrong in his next job.
school website? CAME
23 Tomorrow at 7 a.m. we will be attending a conference
Was it Kacper who came up with the idea of
uploading the video onto the school website? (attend / conference) on the effects of global warming.
20 I’m starting to find watching horror series boring. FED 24 My sister broke the necklace that I had bought on
I’m starting to get fed up with watching horror series. holidays (buy / holiday) the previous summer.

130 © Pearson Central Europe, 2020 High Note 4 (B2/B2+)

TŁUMACZENIE (zadania otwarte) PARY ZDAŃ (zadania otwarte)
9 Przetłumacz na język angielski fragmenty podane 10 W zadaniach 1–20 uzupełnij luki, wpisując wyraz,
w nawiasach, tak aby otrzymać logiczne i gramatycznie który poprawnie uzupełnia luki w obydwu zdaniach.
poprawne zdania. Wymagana jest pełna poprawność 1 You’d better wipe your mouth with a napkin.
ortograficzna wpisywanych fragmentów. W każdą Such a strong hurricane could wipe us all out.
lukę możesz wpisać maksymalnie sześć wyrazów.
2 We are fed up with this weather.
1 Denise is always complaining about (ciągle narzeka The cat ate nothing, because she had already been fed .
na) her new boss. It’s so irritating!
3 It’s really hard for me to strike up a conversation with
2 The plants haven’t been watered for (nie były a stranger.
podlewane od) over a month. Did you hear the clock strike midnight?
3 Don’t add the vegetables before bringing (the) water 4 Her silly behaviour drives me up the wall.
to the boil (doprowadzeniem wody do wrzenia).
I’m not sure why he always drives so carelessly.
4 Sam explained that he has/had never come to terms
5 After a pointless discussion we decided to let it drop .
(nigdy nie pogodził się) with the jury’s decision.
Watch out or you’ll drop the plate!
5 She will be in trouble if she isn’t able / doesn’t
6 Despite her money, Sara has no taste in clothes.
manage to make (nie zdoła podjąć) a decision soon.
I don’t like the taste of vinegar in this salad.
6 Before we moved to the countryside, we had rented
7 First, you need to spread the butter evenly on the bread.
a spacious flat/apartment (wynajmowaliśmy
Let’s not spread the message yet, it may not be true.
przestronne mieszkanie) in the city centre.
8 I hate it when people behind me jump the queue.
7 I was telling Mark about my new boyfriend when he
I know you are angry, but there’s no reason to jump
suddenly hung up (nagle się rozłączył).
down his throat.
8 Will’s parents were called to school after he was
9 Looking directly at the sun may cause eye damage.
caught cheating during/in the exam (został złapany na
ściąganiu na egzaminie). It’s important to make eye contact when you talk to
people.
9 If he hadn’t followed/pursued his dreams (nie podążał
za swoimi marzeniami) he wouldn’t have become the 10 We need to take into account the fact that we don’t
CEO of a computer company. have much time.
I opened a savings account at a local bank.
10 When I was little, my mother insisted on me eating /
(that) I eat (nalegała, abym jadła) raw vegetables. 11 It’s rude to blow your nose in public.
Lucy is only two, but she managed to blow out the
11 To be honest, I’d rather you didn’t make fun of (abyś
candles on her birthday cake.
nie naśmiewał się z) Lucy.
12 I was under the impression that you hate jazz.
12 I have been trying to contact (próbuję skontaktować
The first candidate made a very favourable impression
się z) the hotel reception for two hours now.
on my boss.
13 Seldom do we have a chance/opportunity/possibility
13 I agree with your arguments to a large degree .
(mamy okazję) to eat out in a fancy restaurant these
Their neighbour was charged with first degree murder.
days.
14 There had been a scorching temperature for a few
14 There is bound to be (Z pewnością będzie) heavy
weeks, which resulted in a drought.
traffic on the roads.
Cynthia had a temperature so she decided to take
15 I’m sure you will recognise Ania – she will be wearing a day off.
(będzie miała na sobie) a blue sweatshirt.
15 Sadly, tigers and rhinos are in danger of extinction.
16 Jim had never had to earn (nigdy nie musiał zarabiać We should not ignore the danger of another
na) a living before he moved to Romania. pandemic.
17 A lot of pensioners find it difficult to make ends meet 16 Becky was torn between her boyfriend and her
(związać koniec z końcem) on their pensions. parents, who hated each other.
18 If he doesn’t grab/take the chance (nie wykorzysta Someone had torn out a page from my book.
szansy) now, he might regret it. 17 I sensed that there was something wrong, but
19 I was advised to follow the instructions (poradzono mi I couldn’t put my finger on it.
postępować zgodnie z instrukcjami) in the manual. She had an old-fashioned ring on her middle finger .
20 The lawyer recommended (that) I (should) talk 18 Kevin’s mother was a dentist and he also followed in
(żebym porozmawiała) to my boss about the contract. her footsteps .
21 I hate being tied down to (być przywiązanym do) one It was too dark to see anyone, but we heard footsteps
place. and whispering in the garden.
22 The shopping trends have remained steady (utrzymują 19 I stayed with Veronica just to keep her company.
się na stałym poziomie) since last December. I keep telling you that you should give up fast food
23 You shouldn’t have let (nie powinieneś był pozwolić, but you just won’t listen.
aby) Simon go to the airport alone. 20 We tried to find our cat, but she had disappeared
24 The building is said to have been done up/refurbished without a trace .
(że został wyremontowany) by a Spanish investor. There was a trace of makeup on his sleeve.

© Pearson Central Europe, 2020 High Note 4 (B2/B2+) 131

01 Video worksheets

1A ACTIVE GRAMMAR PLUS (Student’s Book, p. 5)

1 1 Watch the speakers answering the question 4 I’d say it’s made communication more superficial .
below. What do they say? 5 It’s just made it a lot easier to stay in touch .
How has social media changed the way we communicate? 6 Before group messages existed, it was much more
difficult to talk to a group of similar-minded people
2 1 Complete the sentences with the phrases from about a subject.
the box. Then watch the video again and check your
answers. 3 Translate the parts of sentences in brackets into English.
Are these sentences true for you?
face to face in touch keep up with 1 I’d never used (Nigdy nie używałam) social media
similar-minded superficial the other way round before I was ten.
1 We’ve been able to spread messages with each other 2 I’ve met all my old classmates face to face
and we can keep up with the news easier. since I finished (odkąd skończyłem) primary school.
2 I always hear people saying that it actually kind 3 I think that people are communicating / communicate
of blocks us in communicating but in my personal superficially / in a superficial way (komunikują się
experience it’s the other way round . w powierzchowny sposób) these days.
3 People tend to message and call much more than they
do meet face to face .

1B WATCH AND REFLECT (Student's Book, p. 6)

1 SPEAKING In pairs, look at the photo of a scientist
communicating with a parrot and answer the questions.
1 What question do you think the scientist is asking
the parrot?
2 In what ways can humans and animals communicate?

2 2 Watch the video and answer the questions.

1 What is the main reason why mammals can’t speak
like humans?
2 What is the purpose of Catherine Hobaiter’s research 4 There’s still a lot left to explore in this field, but the
with chimpanzees? research so far shows some striking similarities
3 What does a chimp mean when it touches another between human and animal communication, giving us
chimp gently under the chin? a remarkable insight into what they feel, and how they
behave.
4 What has Professor Pepperberg’s research shown?
5 What is impressive about Griffin the parrot’s ability to lie? 4 SPEAKING In pairs or small groups, discuss the questions.
6 What has scientific research into human-animal 1 How could technology help animals and humans to
communication shown us so far? communicate in the future?
3 2 Complete the sentences with the words from 2 Which animals would you most like to be able to
the box. Then watch the video again and check. communicate with? What questions would you ask them?

body concepts forms gesture insight level 5 WRITING TASK Imagine you are an animal that has learnt
relatives similarities speech to communicate with humans. Write a blog post in which
you describe your experience.
1 Most mammals actually have the same mechanical
capacity to produce speech that humans do. GLOSSARY
2 To what extent can we develop non-verbal forms of cerebral cortex – the outer part of the brain
communication with mammals? Chimpanzees are our
closest living relatives . And their main methods of deceive – cause someone to believe something untrue
communication are gesture and movement. They use deception – the action of deceiving someone
body language so much that primatologist Catherine mechanical capacity – physical ability
Hobaiter is compiling a dictionary to help people mimicry – the action of imitating someone or something
figure out what chimpanzees are saying.
nerves – fibres that carry messages between the body and
3 By deliberately choosing the wrong words, Griffin (the
the brain
parrot) shows that he understands abstract concepts
and is capable of using language to deceive. Deception neuron – a nerve cell that makes up the nervous system
demonstrates a very high level of intelligence. and sends messages to other parts of the body or the brain

Exercise 2 1 the connections in their brains are not the same 2 to compile a dictionary of chimpanzees’ body language
3 it means the chimp wants something 4 that parrots can understand and use English like people 5 he understands abstract concepts
132 and is very inteligent and creative 6 there are similarities between human and animal communication
 02
2A ACTIVE GRAMMAR PLUS (Student’s Book, p. 19)

1 3 Watch the speakers talking about what they will 5 Hopefully, also my sister will recover from her illness
have done by the time they are 65. What do they say? and they will have found a cure.
6 By the time I’m 65, I will have changed a lot in my
2 3 Complete the phrases with the verbs from the life.
box in the correct form. Then watch the video again
and check your answers. 3 Complete the questions with the words in brackets in
the correct form. Add any words you need. Use no more
change find go have retire settle than six words in each gap. Then answer the questions.
1 I will have retired and I will have bought a boat and 1 Do you think all your classmates will have gone to
sailed around the world. university by the time they are (time / they) twenty?
2 I will have travelled the world and I will have 2 Will you have moved abroad (you / move / abroad) by
settled in Berlin. the time you’re thirty?
3 I reckon, I would have gone through a few jobs and 3 Do you think you’ll have visited (you / visit) one
hopefully my salary will be a bit higher. hundred countries by the time you retire?
4 By the time I’m 65, I will have had two or three
children.

2B WATCH AND REFLECT (Student's Book, p. 22)

1 4 SPEAKING In pairs, describe the photo. Guess

what the video is about. Watch the video to check.

2 4 Watch the video again and complete the sentences.

1 The scientists opened the dead whale’s stomach
to find out about its feeding habits .
2 Inside the whale’s stomach, they found shopping
bags, wrappers and food bags.
3 Whales and other animals eat plastic waste in the sea
because it can look like fish, jellyfish or octopus . 4 SPEAKING In pairs or small groups, discuss the questions.
4 The death of ‘the plastic whale’ created a huge media 1 How much rubbish do you throw away in an average
reaction because people love whales. day?
5 Kenneth Bruvik set up a massive beach-cleaning 2 Do you believe that we can ‘act locally and change
operation as a reaction to the whale’s death. our relationship with plastic’? Say why.
6 100 volunteers cleared 2 kilometres of coastline in 3 Imagine you are advisors to the environment minister
one morning. of your country. Your task is to think of three realistic
7 The Norwegian government pledged to work with policies to reduce plastic waste in your country.
other countries to clear plastic pollution from the sea. Decide on your policies and then present them to the
3 4 Complete the summary with the phrases from class. Which policies would be the most effective?
the box. Then watch the video again and check. 5 WRITING TASK Next weekend, you are going to take
end up become extinct feeding habits part in an activity to help clear up pollution. Write
food for thought increased massively marine fauna an informal email to a friend. Describe what you are
reduce plastic use take action typical prey going to do and explain why it’s important.

Plastic pollution in the world’s oceans and seas has GLOSSARY

1
increased massively over the last fifty years. This is
having a negative effect on 2 marine fauna and habitats. come into focus – to make something clear
Due to their 3 feeding habits , many sea birds, fish and food for thought – something that deserves serious
mammals eat plastic waste. Shopping bags, garbage consideration
bags and wrappers can look like their 4 typical prey : fish, get stuck – be unable to move or make progress
jellyfish or octopus. As a result, many animals die and
hit – think of something suddenly
some species are likely to 5 become extinct . The waters
are also full of tiny pieces of plastic which fish eat and hit home – to have a strong, disturbing effect on someone
which 6 end up in our stomachs. That’s 7 food for thought , lump – a compact mass of a substance
isn’t it? We must do more to help clear pollution from the intestine – a long tube which carries food from the
sea and to 8 reduce plastic use across the world. stomach and out of the body
We need to 9 take action to solve this global problem or
it is bound to become worse. pledge – to make a serious promise

© Pearson Central Europe, 2020 High Note 4 (B2/B2+) 133

03 Video worksheets

3A ACTIVE GRAMMAR PLUS (Student’s Book, p. 35)

1 6 Watch the speakers answering the question 6 My brother was continuously trying to watch over /
below. What do they say? look out for me.
7 We’d often get into bickers and arguments about
What did you find annoying in your parents’ or siblings’
petty / unimportant things.
behavior when you were younger?

2 6 What did the speakers say? Choose the 3 Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar
meaning to the first sentence. Use no more than five
alternatives that you think the speakers used. Then
words in each gap, including the word given.
watch the video again and check your answers.
1 When we were young we would bicker about petty
1 My sister was always taking / staying so long in the
things. USED
bathroom.
We used to bicker about petty things when we were
2 My brother was constantly hogging / controlling the TV young.
so we couldn’t play video games.
2 When I was a child, my sister always tried to make
3 She was always sitting at the top of the stairs, taking sure I was treated well. LOOK
books off the bookcase, tearing / ripping out the pages, My sister would look out for me when I was a child.
and then she would throw the books down the stairs.
3 My brother has an annoying habit of hogging the
4 They were constantly stealing / borrowing my clothes, bathroom. CONTINUALLY
actually. My brother is continually hogging the bathroom.
5 My dad was always putting a condition on how my
grades / marks were if I wanted something.

3D WATCH AND REFLECT (Student's Book, p. 38)

1 SPEAKING In pairs, look at the photo and answer the
questions.
1 How might the two women be related?
2 Think about your own family. Which relatives are you
most/least similar to in appearance and personality?
2 7 Watch the video and answer the questions.
1 When did Linda Wright first find out some information 4 SPEAKING In pairs or small groups, discuss the
about her birth family? questions.
2 Why did Linda decide to start looking for people from 1 Do you think it’s important for adopted people to find
her birth family? out about their birth family? Say why.
3 How did Charlie Watson find Linda’s relatives? 2 What do you and your relatives have in common and
4 What were Linda and Bridget most surprised by? how you are different?
5 In what ways do Linda and Bridget think they are alike?
5 WRITING TASK Imagine you were adopted as a child
3 7 Complete the extracts from the video with the words and you have just discovered that you have a long-lost
from the box. Then watch the video again and check. sibling. Write a letter to him/her. Write who you are
and what your life is like.
adopted birth genes inherit nurture personality
raised relatives
GLOSSARY
Nature or 1 nurture ? Psychologists have long debated adoption order – a legal document permitting an adult
which affects our 2 personality the most. Nature refers to to bring up someone else’s child as their own
all the genes and hereditary features that we 3 inherit from birth certificate – an official document recording
our family. Nurture, on the other hand, takes into account a person’s birth
the environmental factors that impact us: how we are 4
raised , what we experience and who we spend time with. genealogist – someone who studies family histories
Linda Wright was a/an 5 adopted only child whose parents hereditary features – characteristics we inherit from our
told her nothing about her birth family. It wasn’t until ancestors
she was in her 70s that Linda was told her 6 birth mother impact (v) – affect, influence
may have been an opera singer. This struck a chord with nurture (n) – the process of educating or developing
Linda, as she was a musician herself. So she decided to someone or something
find out whether she had any living blood 7 relatives . strike a chord with – cause someone to feel sympathy
The similarities between Linda and Bridget show how or enthusiasm
important 8 genes are in shaping who we become later
unearth – find, discover
in life.

Exercise 2 1 in her 70s 2 she is a musician; she found out her birth mother may have been an opera singer and was curious if she had
any siblings 3 he used Linda’s birth certificate and adoption order to find the name of her birth mother, which led him to five potential
134 relatives 4 they had both followed in their mother’s footspteps and made careers in music 5 they both have their mother’s nose; they
share a good sense of humour
 04
4A ACTIVE GRAMMAR PLUS (Student’s Book, p. 49)

1 8 Watch the speakers talking about a surprising 5 I realized that I had left my passport at home and
event in their lives. What do they say? I wasn’t allowed in the venue because it was 18-plus
only and I couldn’t prove I was 18.
2 8 Complete the sentences with the verbs from the 6 I saw my childhood best friend who I hadn’t spoken
box. Then watch the video again and check your answers. to since I was 8 years old and we reconnected
on Twitter.
allowed came hired overwhelmed
reconnected spotted 3 Translate the parts of sentences in brackets into English.
Have you experienced similar situations in your life?
1 I was walking down the street the other day when
I spotted someone I hadn’t seen in 25 years. 1 I realised (that) I had left (zdałam sobie sprawę, że
zostawiłam) my ID at the concert venue when I got
2 For my 40th birthday, my wife and mother
home.
hired my favourite football team’s ground.
2 I was overjoyed when I spotted my friend who I hadn’t
3 My brother and my mum came in and surprised us
seen for years (którego nie widziałem od lat).
with a new games console and we were
overwhelmed with joy. 3 When/While I was walking (Kiedy szłam) in the street,
some tourists stopped me and asked if they could take
4 Two very important looking people came over
a photo with me.
to me and said, ‘We’re filming a little something.
Would you be interested in being part of the
backgrounds?’

4D WATCH AND REFLECT (Student's Book, p. 53)

1 SPEAKING In pairs, look at the photo showing a TV

newsroom from the past and answer the questions.
1 How has TV news changed in the last 60 years?
2 Do you and your family watch the news on TV?

2 9 Watch the video and answer the questions.

1 Why do newscasters have a challenging job?
2 How were the first autocues different from those 4 Thanks to satellite broadcasts, the news could be
which are used today? filmed live, on location .
3 How did new technology change news broadcasting 5 Presenter Alistair Stewart remembers delivering
in the 1980s? a famous breaking – story live from Berlin in 1989.
4 Which historical event does news presenter Alistair 6 In the 1990s, the introduction of rolling 24-hour
Stewart consider to be his proudest moment? news channels meant that viewers didn’t need to
5 Why does Eamonn Holmes consider rolling news to be wait for the 6 or 10 o’clock news programmes.
the only news? 7 Over the past sixty years, the job of a newscaster has
6 What does it take to be a newsreader according to undergone considerable changes.
Trevor McDonald and Alistair Stewart? 8 ‘I think the toughest challenge is keeping people
interested in what you are going to say.’
3 9 Complete the sentences from the video with the
correct form of the words from the box. Then watch the 4 SPEAKING Discuss the question in pairs or small groups.
video again and check. How will TV news change in the future and, how will the
job of the newscaster change with it?
address break broadcast challenge heartbreak
location roll undergo 5 WRITING TASK Will modern technologies help people to
become better informed about what is really happening
1 News presenting is one of the most challenging in the world? Write an essay giving your opinion.
jobs in television. Heartbreaking news, demanding
viewers and a world that changes before your eyes,
all mean that newscasters have to be very adaptable. GLOSSARY
2 The first UK news broadcast with a presenter in shot deliver (a story) – broadcast, bring into
was on the 4th of September in 1955. loo paper – toilet paper
3 This modern autocue allows presenters to read the newscaster – a news reader
news while directly addressing the viewers. relevant – of interest, connected
tools of the trade – things used to perform a job

Exercise 2 1 they often have to present heartbreaking stories; they have to be very adaptable 2 they consisted of a roll of paper inside
a glass fronted box; today’s have text displayed directly on the camera lens 3 live satellite broadcasts were introduced 4 the fall of the
Berlin wall in November 1989 5 it’s instant, it tells the news that is relevant to the viewers 6 you need to keep the viewers interested, 135
make the news relevant to their lives
05 Video worksheets

5A ACTIVE GRAMMAR PLUS (Student’s Book, p. 65)

1 10 Watch the speakers answering the question 4 I’m used to sleeping in / having a lie-in . I like to rest
below. What do they say? because it’s my only day off. I’m used to having a lovely
breakfast, take time, put my feet up / let my hair down.
What are you used to doing on Saturday morning?

2 10 What did the speakers say? Choose the

3 Complete the sentences with the words in brackets
in the correct form. Add any words you need. Use no
alternatives that you think the speakers used. Then more than six words in each gap. Are the sentences
watch the video again and check your answers. true for you?
1 I’m also used to chilling out / lazing around, having 1 I am not used to getting up (be / not / used / get up)
breakfast and eating, and so on / so forth. early for school.
2 I’m used to finding some relaxing time and staying in 2 I am used to catching up on (be / used / catch up)
bed as the week previous generally is very, very hard / sleep at weekends.
hectic and busy, so I would like to try and get some /
3 On Sunday morning everyone in my family
catch up on sleep.
is used to having (be / used / have) a lie-in.
3 I am used to getting up pretty / quite early actually and
going for a really nice cup of coffee, and then I’m used
to going for / taking a bike ride as well.

5D WATCH AND REFLECT (Student's Book, p. 68)

1 SPEAKING Read the fact box. Then look at the photo.
What sounds do you think the squiggles represent?

FACT BOX SYNAESTHESIA

Synaesthesia is a condition which affects people’s senses.
The stimulation of one sense causes the automatic
stimulation of another sense. For example, when
a synaesthete sees something, they may involuntarily
smell, hear or taste something else. In some very rare cases a person can 5 acquire
synaesthesia after a brain injury because as the brain
2 11 Watch the video and choose the correct words. repairs itself, it 6 makes new connections. But Greg
1 Synaesthesia hardly ever / usually affects babies and doesn’t mistake his synaesthesia for what’s actually
young children. happening in the world around him.
2 Rebekah experiences letters as colours / sounds. Science has shown that each of our senses is subtly
3 Rebekah finds it hard / natural to talk about her
8
influenced by the other senses and we all make some
synaesthesia with other people. multi-sensory associations.
4 Greg never / sometimes gets confused when his 4 SPEAKING In pairs or small groups, discuss the questions.
senses of sound and sight combine.
1 Imagine you are in your favourite place. Tell your
5 Greg’s synaesthesia helps him to compose his own
partners what you can smell, hear, feel, taste and see.
music / conduct other people’s music.
Can they guess where you are?
6 Scientific research has shown that all / most of us
2 How could synaesthesia be an advantage/
experience synaesthesia to some extent.
a disadvantage in life?
3 11 Complete the extracts from the video with the
5 WRITING TASK Imagine you wake up one day to discover
correct form of the verbs from the box. Then watch the
video again and check. that you have developed synaesthesia. Write a series of
social media posts explaining what your first week as
acquire experience function influence make a synaesthete is like.
mistake process trigger

Everyone’s brain has areas that 1 process the different

GLOSSARY
senses. Usually these areas are connected, but 2 function hereditary – something that is passed on from one
separately. In a person with synaesthesia, however, generation to the next
there are many more synaptic connections between multi-sensory associations – connections involving more
the different parts of the brain that are responsible for than one sense
senses. This means that if a synaesthete 3 experiences squiggle – a short line that curves in an irregular way
a smell, for example, other senses, like sound or touch,
synaesthete – a person who has synaesthesia
can be 4 triggered at the same time.

136 © Pearson Central Europe, 2020 High Note 4 (B2/B2+)

 06
6A ACTIVE GRAMMAR PLUS (Student’s Book, p. 79)

1 12 Watch the speakers answering the question c He/She went to see a football match.
below. What do they say? d He/She was being lazy.
What were you supposed to do recently but didn’t e He/She was working at home.
manage to?
3 Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar
2 12 Match what the speakers were supposed to do meaning to the first sentence. Use no more than four
(1-5) to the reasons why they didn’t do those things (a-e). words in each gap, including the word given.
Then watch the video again and check your answers. 1 You should go to the gym regularly to see the results
1 Deena was supposed to pick up a package from the of your workouts. SUPPOSED
post office. b You are supposed to go to the gym regularly to see
the results of your workouts.
2 Becky was supposed to practise playing the guitar. d
2 I couldn’t practice playing the guitar because of the
3 Kiren was supposed to go to the gym three times. a
noise. MANAGE
4 Lois was supposed to go to an art class. e I didn’t manage to practice playing the guitar
5 Dan wasn’t supposed to go out on the night his son because of the noise.
was due. c 3 We managed to move house without anyone’s help.
a He/She got sick because of the stress of moving house. SUCCEEDED
b He/She got distracted playing video games. We succeeded in moving house without anyone’s help.

6D WATCH AND REFLECT (Student's Book, p. 82)

1 13 SPEAKING In pairs, look at the photo. What is

unusual about this boat? Watch the video to check.

2 13 Watch the video again and answer the questions.

1 What kind of person is Tom Lawton?
2 When designing the boat, which three challenges
does Tom face?
3 What does the grow-and-go garden need to help the
plants to grow? 4 SPEAKING In pairs or small groups, discuss the questions.
4 Why does Tom want the barbecue to work both inside 1 Which is the greatest invention in human history?
and outside? 2 Imagine you are participants in a competition for
5 What’s the advantage of making a bed out of tennis young inventors. Work together to:
balls? • decide what your invention is and how it works,
6 Why does Tom name his boat ‘Necessity’? • the benefits it will bring to people,
3 13 Complete the summary of the video with the • how you will make it.
words from the box. Then watch the video again and Then, present your invention to the class.
check.
5 WRITING TASK Write a formal email to an investor
arrangements challenges conditions convention asking for financial backing for your new invention
design inventions maintenance from Exercise 4. Describe the invention and explain
how it could help people.
For inventor Tom Lawton, innovative 1 design is
a passion. He loves to challenge 2 convention , so he
decided to design a houseboat filled with unique
GLOSSARY
inventions. The three biggest 3 challenges facing Tom on closed-loop system – an automatic circular system
the boat were: how to grow food, how to cook food, and fertilise – to add nutrients to earth to make it more productive
how to get a good night’s sleep in cramped 4 conditions . filter – to clean or purify liquid or gas
He made a ‘grow-and-go’ garden, which requires funnel – a chimney on a ship or boat
absolutely no 5 maintenance and a barbecue that can
cook food both inside and outside the boat. Then he launch day – the first time a new boat or ship goes in the
turned his attention to the sleeping 6 arrangements and water to begin its first voyage
made a bed from moving tennis balls. nutrition – the process of providing food to help people
On launch day, friends and family came to try out the or things grow
7
inventions Tom had designed. They were all very impressed. pump – to push liquid or gas up, down or along
unique – the only one of its kind

Exercise 2 1 Possible answer: He’s an inventor and he likes to challenge people’s normal way of doing things. 2 How to grow food,
how to cook food and how to sleep well in a small space. 3 Rainwater, fish and a pump. 4 Because it rains a lot in Britain. 5 They can
move around and massage you when you lie on them. 6 Because his boat is full of inventions and there’s a famous saying that ‘Necessity 137
is the mother of invention.’
07 Video worksheets

7A ACTIVE GRAMMAR PLUS (Student’s Book, p. 95)

1 14 Watch the speakers talking about a situation 5 I was just out with some friends and ended up getting
when they needed someone’s help. What do they say? separated away from them. My phone had died so
I was just asking a few people in the street whether
2 14 Who did the speakers ask for help? Complete I can contact them using their phone.
the sentences, then watch the video again and check
your answers.
3 Translate the parts of sentences in brackets into English.
Have you experienced similar situations in your life?
1 I was making a short film and I needed my friends to
1 My neighbours once asked me if I could walk (czy
help. They said they couldn’t.
mogę wyprowadzić) their dog.
2 I asked for my neighbour’s help to cut down a tree in
2 I was going by bus when another passenger said that
my garden.
her phone had died (jej telefon się rozładował) and
3 I noticed one day there was an unattended suitcase asked me to let her use mine.
outside the shop. I looked for a police officer . I told
3 A police officer told me that he would have to contact
him what the situation was and he said he’d sort it out.
(będzie musiał skontaktować się) my parents.
4 I took the dog, even though I didn’t want to,
and I walked him to the top of the fields and the
dog sat down and he wouldn’t move. So I rang my
stepmom .

7D WATCH AND REFLECT (Student's Book, p. 98)

1 15 SPEAKING In pairs, look at the photo. Where
do you think it was taken? Watch the video to check.

2 15 Watch the video again and answer the questions.

1 What does Ann Taylor do to help to improve the
standard of living of the people in Gituamba slum?
2 What inspired her to do that?
3 What was Judith’s life like before she set up the
clothes-making business with Ann?
4 How do Judith and Ann increase the confidence of the However, all of this glitz and glamour has a serious
women from Gituamba? purpose – to get money from American buyers so the
5 How successful has the company been? business can expand and provide 7 clothes to more and
more hard-working women from Gituamba slum.
6 What does economist, Jeni Klugman, think companies
from poor areas need to do? Explain your answer. Businesses like Anna’s may be a better way to combat
8
poverty and create 9 prosperity in the long term.
3 15 Complete the extracts from the video with the
words and phrases from the box. Then watch the video 4 SPEAKING In pairs or small groups, discuss the questions.
again and check. 1 Do you think that successful business owners have
a moral obligation to help people in need? Say why.
business clothes employment opportunity
2 Do you think you might start your own business one
organisation path poverty prosperity social change
day? If you did, what kind of business would it be?
Anna Taylor is an activist. She drives 1 social change
through her business.
5 WRITING TASK Write a formal email to a government
minister about a social problem in your country.
Anna started on this 2 path when she was a teenager Describe the problem and explain why action is
and her family moved from America to Kenya. required. Make suggestions for the possible measures
‘I know they [the women] can provide for their families that could help improve the situation.
but many of them don’t ever have the 3 opportunity .’
When she finished university, she set up an 4 organisation GLOSSARY
in one of the most impoverished neighbourhoods of Nairobi.
combat – fight against, stop
Anna founded the 5 business with a local woman
named Judith. high-end – expensive, exclusive
Soon, Anna, Judith and their employees had enough impoverished – poor
simple, fashionable designs for Anna to go back to the provide for – supply enough of what someone needs
United States to market and sell them. Lots of high-end skip meals – do without meals
shops now stock their 6 employment , and they even
wasteland – an unused area of land
appeared at New York Fashion Week!

Exercise 2 1 She teaches the women to be tailors and helps them market and sell their clothes in the USA. 2 She was shocked by the
poverty, the high unemployment and the lack of opportunities in the slum. 3 She worked selling vegetables at a market, but she didn’t
138 make much money. 4 By teaching them a useful skill – tailoring. 5 Very successful. The clothes are sold in many high-end shops.
6 They need to find export markets to be able to sell more.
 08
8A ACTIVE GRAMMAR PLUS (Student’s Book, p. 109)

1 16 Watch the speakers answering the question 4 I enjoy engaging in conversation and talking to people
below. What do they say? in a natural environment rather than being served by
someone who is not actually a proper person .
Would you mind being served by a robot? 5 I prefer human contact, especially in something where
there’s an exchange of goods or currency .
2 16 Complete the sentences with the phrases from
the box. Then watch the video again and check your 3 Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar
answers. meaning to the first sentence. Use no more than five
friendly side human interaction goods or currency words in each gap, including the word given.
more relatable proper person 1 Robots are supposed to do jobs that are risky for
human beings. SHOULD
1 I would prefer to be served by a person as I find it Jobs that are risky for human beings should be
more relatable . done by robots.
2 You lose the human interaction of being served by 2 I’d prefer a human to drive my bus or train. BE
a human being, which can be very pleasant. I’d prefer my bus or train to be driven by / driver to be
3 The only thing that I think would be missing would be a human.
some of that friendly side . 3 Most people hate it when others don’t listen to them.
LISTENED
Most people hate not being listened to .

8D WATCH AND REFLECT (Student's Book, p. 112)

1 17 SPEAKING In pairs, look at the photo. Who are

the people and what are they doing? Watch the video
to check.

2 17 Put the events in the order that we see them.

Then watch the video to check your answers.
2 a A doctor explains what it feels like to perform
virtual surgery.
6 b The narrator predicts how likely it is that new 4 17 Complete the extracts from the video with the
technologies will improve our health. words from the box. Then watch the video again and
3 c We discover how VR could help to keep real check.
patients alive.
benefits element scanning sensors
1 d We find out about a new way for surgeons to
practise their skills. Medicine, in particular, is waking up to the 1 benefits of VR.
4 e We learn how the patients of physiotherapists can As well as being used for general training, in the future
benefit from VR technology. virtual reality could also help surgeons prepare for specific
5 f We see how real images can be compared with real-life operations by 2 scanning patients into the system.
virtual images to motivate patients. 3
Sensors track patients’ arm movements, so they can
see them move on screen. This helps to encourage
3 17 Complete the sentences with the correct words
patients, and the games add an 4 element of fun to their
formed from the words in bold. Watch again and check.
normal exercises!
1 For years virtual reality or VR has been associated with
gaming and entertainment . ENTERTAIN 5 SPEAKING In pairs or small groups, discuss the question.
2 Now it’s possible for them [doctors] to develop their What are the potential uses for virtual reality in the future?
skills in an interactive virtual operating theatre. INTERACT
3 ‘You did get a fairly realistic idea in terms of your 6 WRITING TASK Write a story about someone who enters
depth perception as well in terms of where to place a virtual world and can’t get out.
instruments.’ PERCEIVE
4 ‘I wanted to set out to save a person’s life through GLOSSARY
technological innovation .’ INNOVATE operating theatre – the place where surgical operations
5 Cash Lim has had a bad back for years and she thinks take place
that seeing it in VR might just provide the surgery – the treatment of health problems during
encouragement she needs to get better. ENCOURAGE which a surgeon cuts open the body to repair or remove
6 ‘It does motivate me to do the exercise because I can something inside
see the relevance of how it would help me get better.’
walk of life – occupation, profession
RELEVANT

© Pearson Central Europe, 2020 High Note 4 (B2/B2+) 139

09 Video worksheets

9A ACTIVE GRAMMAR PLUS (Student’s Book, p. 125)

1 18 Watch the speakers answering the question 6 If I had become a rock star , which I always wanted as
below. What do they say? a teenager, my life would be totally different now.
7 If I had chosen my dream career as a pilot , my life
How would your life be different now if you had chosen
would be very different because I would be travelling
a career you dreamt about as a child?
all around the world.
2 18 What did the speakers want to become?
3 Complete the sentences with the words in brackets in the
Complete the sentences with the names of professions.
correct form. Add any words you need. Use no more than
Then watch the video again and check.
six words in each gap. Are the sentences true for you?
1 I would be an actor in Hollywood.
1 If I had wanted to follow my childhood dreams,
2 If I’d chosen my dream career, I would be a football I would have chosen (I / choose) a different school.
commentator .
2 I’ve never asked my parents if they wish they had
3 If I had chosen my dream career as an archaeologist , chosen (they / choose) different careers.
I would be in Egypt now uncovering Egyptian artefacts.
3 My life wouldn’t be (not / be) very different now if my
4 If I had followed my dreams when I was six years old, parents had become famous before I was born.
I would be a race driver driving Formula One cars.
5 I wanted to be a ballet dancer . If I had followed my
dream, I would be retired now.

9D WATCH AND REFLECT (Student's Book, p. 129)

1 19 SPEAKING In pairs, look at the photo. What do you
know about Apollo 13? Watch the video to check.

2 19 Watch the video and complete the sentences

with 1–2 words in each gap.
1 Apollo 13 was NASA’s third mission to the Moon.
2 Its objective was to land astronauts on a part of the
moon that no person had been on before.
3 During the journey an explosion damaged some
key systems including navigation and power.
4 Flight director Gene Krantz had to solve three problems:
• Invent ways to navigate . 4 Read the sentences and work out the meaning of the
• Make the electrical power last longer. phrasal verbs in bold.
• Remove the CO2 to prevent the crew from 1 It was hard to take in how serious the setback was.
suffocating.
2 It took a while for the scale of the problem to sink in.
5 The astronauts’ ordeal lasted three days , but
3 It dawned on him that they were in serious trouble.
eventually, they got safely back to Earth.
4 They worked hard to figure out what they had to do to
3 19 Complete the extracts from the video with get back.
the words from the box. Then watch the video again 5 Finally, they came up with a solution that might allow
and check. them to make it back alive.
odds problem risky sound sub-zero venture 5 SPEAKING In pairs or small groups, discuss the question.
What are the advantages and disadvantages of being
1 Space exploration is an inherently risky endeavour.
an astronaut?
2 The crew focused on fixing the problem .
3 After a three day ordeal involving low oxygen 6 WRITING TASK Write a for-and-against essay about
levels and sub-zero temperatures, the astronauts the pros and cons of spending public money on
successfully made it through the Earth’s atmosphere space exploration.
and landed, safe and sound .
4 ‘It was really amazing to be at the point of the spear GLOSSARY
and watch this team perform basically against all
be at the point of the spear – be part of new discoveries
odds .’
5 Apollo 13 showed that space exploration is perhaps lunar surface – the ground on the moon
humanity’s riskiest venture . suffocate – die through not being able to breathe
touch-and-go – unpredictable, uncertain

Exercise 4 1 take in – understand 2 sink in – be understood 3 dawn on – become clear 4 figure out – discover the cause of a problem;
get back – return 5 come up with – think of, discover; make (it) back – return to a point of departure
140 © Pearson Central Europe, 2020 High Note 4 (B2/B2+)
 10
10 A ACTIVE GRAMMAR PLUS (Student's Book, p. 139)

1 20 Watch the speakers answering the question 6 For building / laying some kind of path for people in
below. What do they say? a village to travel through.
What do you think the Costa Rican balls could have been 3 Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar
used for? meaning to the first sentence. Use no more than five
words in each gap, including the word given.
2 20 What did the speakers say? Choose the
alternatives that you think the speakers used. Then 1 It’s possible that Stonehenge was used as a burial site.
watch the video again and check your answers. MIGHT
Stonehenge might have been used as a burial site.
1 The old Costa Rican balls might have been used for
2 We’re almost sure that Machu Picchu was built by the
mashing / crushing bananas.
Incas as a royal summer palace. MUST
2 For, maybe, levelling / flattening roads. Machu Picchu must have been built as a royal summer
3 They could have been used for, maybe, burials or palace.
marking burial places / sites . 3 The Easter Island statues weigh so much that it was
4 They may have been used for pressing fabrics / very hard to move them. BEEN
materials in the past. It can’t have been easy to move the Easter Island
5 It’s hard / I struggle to believe that they would be used statues because of their great weight.
for anything practical. So I reckon maybe art, maybe
religion, maybe spiritual. Something along those lines.

10 D WATCH AND REFLECT (Student's Book, p. 142)

1 21 SPEAKING In pairs, look at the photo. Why do

you think the woman is dancing in the street? Watch
the video to check.

2 21 Watch the video and answer the questions.

1 Why is it fair to consider Broadway as the home of
musical theatre?
2 Why has Michaela Mallozzi come to New York? 6 Vaudeville was the precursor to musicals. It consisted of
3 When was vaudeville popular in America? a variety of acts performed on stage one after another.
4 What kind of performers can you see in a vaudeville 7 And people all can relate to vaudeville.
show? 8 Michaela’s next stop is connected to another part of
5 What does a dance captain do in a vaudeville show? Broadway’s rich heritage – tap dancing.
6 How long have Pam and Jackie Covas been working 9 Musical theatre has remained popular with young
on 1920s tap-dancing routines together? and old for over a hundred years.
7 What is the purpose of the Broadway Bound Kids 10 Broadway has been right at the centre of that –
community centre? bringing new forms of music, dance and theatre to
millions of people every year.
3 21 Complete the sentences from the video with
the correct prepositions from the box. Then watch the 4 SPEAKING In pairs or small groups, discuss the question.
video again and check. Have you ever performed on stage? If so, what did you
do, and how did you feel about it? If not, what kind of
about at by for of (x2) on (x3) through show would you like to take part in? Say why.
to (x4) with
5 WRITING TASK Write a letter of application to join
1 Broadway, in New York, is the home of musical a performing arts group for teenagers. Summarise
theatre. your skills and experience, and explain why you want
2 Michaela Mallozzi is a dancer and a traveller, who to join the group.
experiences the world through dance.
3 On this trip, she’s in New York to find out about GLOSSARY
Broadway’s culture and heritage.
choreography – the steps and movement in a dance
4 On her first stop, she’s visiting the longest-running
musical on Broadway, Chicago. empower – make someone stronger or more confident
5 It’s a must-watch show that is heavily influenced by jazz hands – a hand gesture indicating excitement
vaudeville theatre. vaudeville – a type of entertainment that was popular
in the early twentieth century

Exercise 2 1 Because there are forty-one venues and over twelve million people go to shows there every year. 2 To find out about
Broadway’s culture and heritage. 3 From the late 19th century to the early 1930s. 4 Magicians, comedians, jugglers and dancers.
5 He/She oversees the choreography. 6 For a long time; they first did it when Jackie was two years old and now she’s an adult. 141
7 To inspire and empower young people through the performing arts, to allow them to have fun and to be creative.