Question 1.

Calculate the freezing point of a solution containing 0.5 g KCI (Molar mass
= 74.5 g/ mol) dissolved in 100 g water, assuming KCI to be 92% ionised.
Kf of water = 1.86 K kg / mol.
Answer:
T’f = -0.24°C

Question 2.
State Henry’s law. Why do gases always tend to be less soluble in liquids
as the temperature is raised?
OR
State Raoult’s taw for the solution containing volatile components. Write
two differences between an ideal solution and a non-ideal solution.
Differences between ideal and non-ideal solutions

Question 3.
Calculate the amount of KCI which must be added to 1 kg of water so that
the freezing point is depressed by 2 K. (K f for water = 1.86 K kg mol-1)
Answer:
wb=40g

Question 4.
What mass of NaCl must be dissolved in 65.0 g of water to lower the
freezing point of water by 7.50°C? The freezing point depression constant
(Kf) for water is 1.86°C/m. Assume van’t Hoff factor for NaCl is 1.87 (Molar
mass of NaCI = 58.5 g mol-1).
Answer: wb=8.2

Question 5.
Determine the osmotic pressure of a solution prepared by dissolving 2.5 ×
10-2 g of K2SO4 in 2 L of water at 25°C, assuming that it is completely
dissociated.

∴ π = 5.27 × 10-3 atm

Question 6.
Calculate the mass of compound (molar mass = 256 g mol -1) to be
dissolved in 75 g of benzene to lower its freezing point by 0.48 K (K f =
5.12 K kg mol-1).

Question 7.
3.9 g of benzoic acid dissolved in 49 g of benzene shows a depression in
freezing point of 1.62 K. Calculate the van’t Hoff factor and predict the
nature of solute (associated or dissociated).
(Given: Molar mass of benzoic acid = 122 g mol -1, Kf for benzene = 4.9 K
kg mol-1)
Question 8.
A solution of glucose (molar mass = 180 g mol -1) in water is labelled as
10% by mass. What would be the molality and molarity of the solution?
(Density of solution = 1.2 g mL-1)

Question 9.
A 4% solution (w/w) of sucrose (M = 342 g mol -1) in water has a freezing
point of 271.15 K. Calculate the freezing point of 5% glucose (M = 180 g
mol-1) in water. (Given: Freezing point of pure water = 273.15 K)

Question 10.
What would be the molar mass of a compound if 6.21 g of it dissolved in
24.0 g of chloroform form a solution that has a boiling point of 68.04°C.
The boiling point of pure chloroform is 61.7°C and the boiling point
elevation constant, Kb, for chloroform is 3.63 °C/m.

Question 11.
Two elements A and B form compounds having molecular formula AB 2 and
AB4. When dissolved in 20 g of benzene, 1 g of AB 2 lowers the freezing
point by 2.3 K, whereas 1.0 g of AB4 lowers it by 1.3 K. The molar
depression constant for benzene is 5.1 K kg mol -1. Calculate the atomic
mass of A and B.

Question 12.
A solution prepared by dissolving 8.95 mg of a gene fragment in 35.0 mL
of water has an osmotic pressure of 0.335 torr at 25°C. Assuming the
gene fragment is a non-electrolyte, determine its molar mass.

Question 13.
Calculate the boiling point of solution when 2 g of Na 2SO4 (M = 142 g mol-1)
was dissolved in 50 g of water, assuming Na 2SO4 undergoes complete
ionization. (Kb for water = 0.52 K kg mol-1)

Question 14.
Calculate the amount of CaCl2 (molar mass = 111 g mol-1) which must be
added to 500 g of water to lower its freezing point by 2 K, assuming
CaCl2 is completely dissociated, (Kf for water = 1.86 K kg mol-1)

Question 15.
A solution 0.1 M of Na2SO4 is dissolved to the extent of 95%. What would
be its osmotic pressure at 27°C? (R = 0.0821 L atm K -1 mol-1)
Question 16.
(i) Out of 1 M glucose and 2 M glucose, which one has a higher boiling
point and why?
(ii) What happens when the external pressure applied becomes more than
the osmotic pressure of solution?

Question 17.
Which of the following solutions has higher freezing point?
0.05 M Al2(SO4)3, 0.1 M K3[Fe(CN)6] Justify. .

Question 18.
A 10% solution (by mass) of sucrose in water has freezing point of 269.15
K. Calculate the freezing point of 10% glucose in water, if freezing point of
pure water is 273.15 K. Given: (Molar mass of sucrose = 342 g mol -1)
(Molar mass of glucose = 180 g mol-1)

Question 19.
30 g of urea (M = 60 g mol-1) is dissolved in 846 g of water. Calculate the
vapour pressure of water for this solution if vapour pressure of pure water
at 298 K is 23.8 mm Hg.

Question 20.
The vapour pressures of pure liquids A and B are 450 mm and 700 mm of
Hg respectively at 350 K. Calculate the composition of liquid mixture if
total vapour pressure is 600 mm of Hg. Also find the composition of the
mixture in vapour phase.

Question 21.
Calculate the boiling point of a solution prepared by adding 15.00 g of
NaCl to
250.0 g of water. (Kb for water = 0.512 K kg mol-1, molar mass of NaCl =
58.44 g)

Question 22.
(i) Define the following terms:
(a) Mole fraction
(b) van’t Hoff factor
(ii) 100 mg of a protein is dissolved in enough water to make 10.0 mL of a
solution. If this solution has an osmotic pressure of 13.3 mm Hg at 25°C,
what is the molar mass of protein? (R = 0.0821 L atm. mol -1 K-1 and 760
mm Hg = 1 atm.)
Question 23.
(i) Differentiate between molarity and molality of a solution. How does a
change in temperature influence their values?
(ii) Calculate the freezing point of an aqueous solution contaning 10.50 g
of MgBr2 in 200 g of water (Molar mass of MgBr2 = 184 g mol-1, = for water
= 1.86 K kg mol-1).

Question 24.
(i) Define the terms osmosis and osmotic pressure. Is the osmotic
pressure of a solution a colligative property? Explain.
(ii) Calculate the boiling point of a solution prepared by adding 15.00 g of
NaCl to 250.0 g of water. (Kb for water = 0.512 K kg mol-1, molar mass of
NaCl = 58.44 g mol-1)

Question 25.
(a) A 5% solution (by mass) of cane sugar in water has a freezing point of
271 K. Calculate the freezing point of 5% solution (by mass) of glucose in
water. The freezing point of pure water is 273.15 K.
(b) Why is osmotic pressure of 1 M KCl higher than 1 M urea solution?
(c) What type of liquids form ideal solutions?
OR
(a) 1.0 g of a non-electrolyte solute dissolved in 50 g of benzene lowered
the freezing point of benzene by 0.40 K. The freezing point depression
constant of benzene is 5.12 K kg mol-1. Find the molar mass of the solute.
(b) What is the significance of Henry’s law constant, K H?
(c) What leads to anoxia?
ciates into K+ and Cl– ions but urea does not dissociate into ions.

Question 26.
(i) State Raoutt’s law for a solution containing volatile components. How
does Raoult’s law become a special case of Henry’s law?
(ii) 1.00 g of non-electrolyte solute dissolved in 50 g of benzene lowered
the freezing point of benzene by 0.40 K. Find the molar mass of the
solute. (Kf for benzene = 512 K kg mol-1)
OR
(i) Define the following terms:
(a) Ideal solution
(b) Azeotrope
(c) Osmotic pressure
(ii) A solution of glucose (C6H12O6) in
water is labelled as 10% by weight. What would be the molality of the
solution?
(Molar mass of glucose = 180 g mol-1)