AGRICULTURE PP1 2025 TOP RANK KCSE MOCK

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FOR MARKING SCHEME CALL SIR ABRAHAM 0729 125 181

Page 1 of FOR MARKING SCHEME CALL SIR ABRAHAM 0729 125 181
TOP RANK PREDICTION 2025 KCSE PREDICTION MOCK SERIES 1
NAME:……………………………………………….. INDEX NO…..…………

SCHOOL:…………………………………..ADM…….…… STREAM:………

CANDIDATE’S SIGN ………………… DATE ………………TARGET…..…

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education

443/ 1
Agriculture Paper 1
(Theory)
Time 2 hours

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
• Write your name and index number in the spaces provided above.
• The paper consists of three sections A , B and C.
• Answer all questions in section A and B in the spaces provided
• Answer any two questions from section C in the spaces provided
FOR EXAMINER’S USE ONLY
Maximum Candidate’s
Section Question score score
1−16 30
A

17
18
B 19
20
20

C
21-23 40

TOTAL 90

Page 2 of FOR MARKING SCHEME CALL SIR ABRAHAM 0729 125 181
 SECTION A :30MKS
AnswerAll questions in the spaces provide

1. State two causes of blossom-end rot in tomatoes (1mark)

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2. State four harmful effects of weeds in agriculture. (2marks)
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3. State four characteristics of extensive system of farming. (2marks)
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4. State three agricultural practices that pollute water (11/2marks
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5. (a) What is meant by the term conveyance of water? (1mark)
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(b) State two ways of conveying water. (1mark)

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6. (a) Distinguish between a nursery bed and a seedling bed. (2marks)
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(b) State four management practices carried out on pasture. (2marks)
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7. Give four methods of land clearing. (2marks)
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8. Give three limitations of tissue culture. (11/2marks)
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(a) Distinguish between the budding and grafting (2marks)
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9. Name two classes of crops based on light duration. (1mark)

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10. List two tertiary operations carried out during land preparation. (1mark)
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11. State four disadvantages of shifting cultivation. (2marks)
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12. (a) Name three methods of pruning. (11/2marks)
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(b) Name three forms of collective land tenure system (11/2mks)
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13. State four cultural methods of pest control (2marks)
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14. (a) Define the following terms. (2marks)
i. Intercropping

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ii. Mixed cropping
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(b) State two importance of mulching. (1mark)
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SECTION B (20 MARKS)

Answer ALL questions in this section in the spaces provided

15. The following are diagrams illustrating a soil profile labeled A and two types of soil
structure labeled B and C. Use them to answer the questions that follow.

1
2

A C
B
1. Identify the strata of the soil profile labeled 1, 3 and 4 (1 ½ mks)
1
3
4

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 2. Identify the types of soil structure labeled B and C (1mk)
B
C
3. Name a natural process that may change soil structure B into structure C ( ½ mk)
4. State two limitations of the hard layer of soil that develops in layer 2 (1mk)

5. List two farming practices that may destroy structure B (1mk)

16. The following are illustrations of methods of vegetative crop propagation labeled D
and E. use them to answer the questions that follow

Roots

D E
6

(a)
5
(b) Identify methods of crop propagation labeled D and E (1mk)
c. Identify parts of D labeled 5 and 6 above (1mk)
(c) When does method E become necessary in crop production (1mk
(d) Outline four characteristics you would desire part 6 to have (2mks)
17. The following diagram is of a method of draining waterlogged land for crop production.
Study it carefully and answer the questions that follow.

Crop

Furrow
(a) Identify the methods of drainage illustrated above (1mk)
(b) Apart from the above method of drainage, name two other methods of draining farm/land
(2mks)
(c) Give two reasons for draining farm/land (2mks)

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 18. A farmer was adviced to top-dress his maize crop with C.A.N at the rate of 200 kg/ha.
CAN contains 20% Nitrogen.
(a) Calculate the amount of Nitrogen applied per hectare (show your working) (3mks)
(b) Name two methods the farmer may have used to top-dress the maize crop (2mks)
SECTION C (40 Marks)
Answer any TWO questions in this section in the spaces provided after question 28.
19. a) State and explain four ways in which biological agents may enhance soil formation
(6 marks)
b) Discuss six reasons on the importance of keeping good and up to date farm accounts in the
farm (6 marks)
c) Discuss why liming is a recommended practice in crop production (4 marks)
d) Explain the roles of irrigation water in rice production (4 marks)
20. a) Outline the procedure undertaken in inheriting a registered land upon death of the
owner ( 8 marks)
b) State the three harvesting practices of maize (3 marks)
c) Discuss the processes of large scale chemical treatment of water (9 marks)
21. The following information was obtained from Keheo farm. Study the information and
prepare a balance sheet for the farm for the year ended 31st JULY/AUG 2019
Payable tax - 16,000
Interest on loan - 24,000
Payable debts - 14,000
Two year bank loan - 120,000
Wages - 24,000
Buildings - 84,000
Receivable debts - 12,000
Livestock - 124,000
Feeds in store - 12,000
Maize in store - 42,000
Cash at hand - 22,000
Movers - 5,500
Cash in bank - 52,000
7 marks

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 ii) Was Keheo farm solvent or insolvent? (1 mark)
b) State six advantages of mixed cropping (6 marks)
c) Name the three zones of the production function and explain what happens in each of
the production zone (6 marks)

Page 9 of FOR MARKING SCHEME CALL SIR ABRAHAM 0729 125 181
TOP RANK PREDICTION 2025 KCSE PREDICTION MOCK SERIES 2
NAME:……………………………………………….. INDEX NO…..…………

SCHOOL:…………………………………..ADM…….…… STREAM:………

CANDIDATE’S SIGN ………………… DATE ………………TARGET…..…

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education

443/ 1
Agriculture Paper 1
(Theory)
Time 2 hours

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
• Write your name and index number in the spaces provided above.
• The paper consists of three sections A , B and C.
• Answer all questions in section A and B in the spaces provided
• Answer any two questions from section C in the spaces provided
FOR EXAMINER’S USE ONLY
Maximum Candidate’s
Section Question score score
1−16 30
A

17
18
B 19
20
20

C
21-23 40

TOTAL 90

Page 10 of FOR MARKING SCHEME CALL SIR ABRAHAM 0729 125 181
 SECTION A (30 MARKS)

1. Name four biotic factors that influence agriculture negatively. (2marks)

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2. State four activities that may be undertaken in organic farming. (2marks)

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3. Give four reasons for early preparation of a seedbed in crop production. (2marks)

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4. State two causes of forking in carrots (1mark)

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5. Name four books of account kept by a farmer (2 marks)

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6. Give four causes of poor drainage on farmland. (2marks)

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7. State four advantages of a mixed grass legume pasture over a pure grass pasture. (2marks)

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8. Give a solution for each of the following properties of nitrogenous fertilizer when applying to
crops.
1
(c) Easily leached to lower horizons. (2 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘)

1
(d) Are highly volatile. (2 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘)

1
(e) Are hygroscopic. (2 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘)

9. Define the term “Economic Injury Level” of a crop. (1mark)

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10. State four benefits of land consolidation. (2marks)

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11. State four ways in which humus is beneficial to a growing crop. (2marks)

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12. State four disadvantages of chemical pest control. (2marks)

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13. Define the term ‘’integrated pest management’’ (2 𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑘)

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14. State four factors considered when selecting planting material for forage crops. (2marks)

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15. State four disadvantages of broadcasting seeds during planting. (2marks)

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16. Name any two diseases that affect bean production in the field. (1 mark)

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17. State four factors that would determine the number of secondary cultivations to be carried
out on a seedbed before planting. (2marks)

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18. State two characteristics of a good vegetable seedling. (1mark)

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SECTION B (20 MARKS)

19. A member of the young farmers’ club was advised to apply a complete compound fertilizer
30-20-10 in a tomato plot measuring 10m by 5m at the rate of 300kg per hectare.
a) Give the percentage of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus pentoxide (𝑃2 𝑂5 ) in the fertilizer.
(2mark
b) Calculate the amount of fertilizer the member would require for the plot. (3marks)
20. Study the methods of crop propagation illustrated below and answer the questions that follow

scion Glass
container roots
Banana
plantlet
Root stock
Culture medium

3
1 Developing
roots 2

a) Identify the methods of crop propagation illustrated above.

1- (1 mark)

2- (1 mark)

3- (1 mark)

b) Give one condition under which method (1) above is carried out. (1 mark)

c) State two disadvantages of using stem cuttings for planting. (2marks)

21. Study the diagram on silage making shown below and answer the questions that follow.

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 Silage material
Soil layer
Drainage Ground level
Polythene sheet

a) Identify the silage preparation method shown above. (1mark

b) Give two precautions taken when ensiling to ensure high quality silage. (2marks)

c) State two advantages of this method of forage conservation over other methods. (2marks)

22. The diagram below is of a tea cutting. Study it and answer the questions that follow.

6. Which part of the branch is most appropriate for raising a new seedling. (1mark)
7. Give a reason for your answer in (a) above. (1mark)
8. Give a reason why farmers are advised to raise tea cuttings in polythene sleeves. (1 mark)
9. State two factors that affect the rooting of the cutting above. (1 mark)

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SECTION C (40 Marks)

23. a) Outline five factors that determine the quality of hay (5mks)
b) Explain five objectives of land tenure reform in Kenya (5mks)
c) Describe ten factors that can influence soil erosion (10mks)
24. The following information was extracted from the farm records of Victory Farm as at 31/12/2017.

Sale of poultry……………………………………5000
Sale of milk……………………………………….6000
Telephone bill……………………………………..1000
Feed purchase…………………………………….. 2500
Purchase of calves ……………………………….3000
Purchase of lambs………………………………….2800
Sale of goats ………………………………………5000
Closing Valuation ………………………………….150, 000
Rent ……………………………………………….. 2000
Casual labour……………………………………… 2500
Sale of Cereal……………………………………… 12000
Opening Valuation…………………………………140,000
Depreciation of machinery……………………………500
Interest on loan……………………………………….. 400
Sale of sukuma Wiki……………………………………500
Purchase of chicks……………………………………….800
a) Prepare profit and loss account for victory farm using the above information (8mks)
b) Distinguish between closing and opening valuation (2mks)
c) State five functions of a farm manager (5mks)

d) Give ways in which labour efficiency can be increased in the farm (5mks)

25. a) Describe the advantages of using seeds as planting materials 5mks)

b) Describe the production of tomatoes under the following subheadings

(d) Land preparation (4mks)

(e) Transplanting (6mks)

c)State five advantages of using herbicides (5mks)

Page 17 of FOR MARKING SCHEME CALL SIR ABRAHAM 0729 125 181
TOP RANK PREDICTION 2025 KCSE PREDICTION MOCK SERIES 3
NAME:……………………………………………….. INDEX NO…..…………

SCHOOL:…………………………………..ADM…….…… STREAM:………

CANDIDATE’S SIGN ………………… DATE ………………TARGET…..…

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education

443/ 1
Agriculture Paper 1
(Theory)
Time 2 hours

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
• Write your name and index number in the spaces provided above.
• The paper consists of three sections A , B and C.
• Answer all questions in section A and B in the spaces provided
• Answer any two questions from section C in the spaces provided
FOR EXAMINER’S USE ONLY
Maximum Candidate’s
Section Question score score
1−16 30
A

17
18
B 19
20
20

C
21-23 40

TOTAL 90

Page 18 of FOR MARKING SCHEME CALL SIR ABRAHAM 0729 125 181
 SECTION A
1. a) State three ways by which agriculture contributes to national development (1½mk)
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b) State two effects of high level of Education and technology on agricultural production (1mk)
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2. Name two insect pests that attack sorghum in the field. (1mk)
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3. State two conditions when opportunity costs are zero. (1mk)
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4. State two ways of overcoming the problem of hardpan in crop production. (2mks)
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5. State two disadvantages of persistent use of pesticides in crop production. (1mk)
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6. Outline two ways of increasing land productivity per hectare. (1mk)
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7. Give four benefits of ridging in pyrethrum establishment in the field (2mks)
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8. Outline four agricultural support services available to a livestock farmer (2mks)
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9. List three methods applied in clearing land before ploughing (1 ½ mk)
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10. Give four reasons for top dressing pasture (2marks)
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11. State three methods of controlling weeds in grass pasture field (1½marks)
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12. Give four reasons for staking tomatoes (2marks)
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13. State three properties the farmer carries out on store before storing grains (1½marks)

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14. Give four desirable characteristics of a certified seeds (2marks)
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15. a) Outline two characteristics of phosphatic fertilizers
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b) Give two forms in which the following elements are available to plants
(i) Phosphorous ( ½ mark)
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(ii) Potassium ( ½ mark)
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16. Give four factors that influence the choice of tools and equipment used in primary
cultivation general symptoms of viral diseases in crops (2marks)
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18. State four factors that contribute to competitive ability of weeds (2marks)

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SECTION B: (20 Marks)
Answer ALL questions in this section in the spaces provided
19. A farmer in Muhoroni was advised to apply a compound fertilizer [Link] at the rate of
200kg per hectare in her vegetable plot measuring 5m long by 4m wide.
a. What do figures 30 and 10 in the fertilizer ratio stand for? (2 marks)
b. Calculate the amount of fertilizer the farmer needs for the vegetable plot. (3 marks)
(Show your working)
20. Carefully study the diagram illustrating a common weed below then answer the questions
that follow.

c) Identify the weed. (1 mark)

d) Classify the weed according to growth cycle. (1 mark)
e) What effect does the weed have on livestock? 1 mark)
f) Give one reason why the weed is not easy to control. (1 mark)
21. Carefully study the following illustration then answer the questions that follow.

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 a) Identify the method of irrigation illustrated. (1 mark)
b) i) Give two advantages of this method of irrigation. (1 mark)
ii) What is the major disadvantage of this method to a crop farmer? (1 mark)
c) i) How would you maintain the equipment to serve the farmer better? ( 1 mark)
ii) Give two other ways by which this method of irrigation can be achieved. (2 marks)
22. . The diagrams below illustrate tree harvesting methods. Study them carefully then answer
the questions that follow.

a) Identify the methods illustrated in diagrams A and B. (2 marks)

b) How does technique B differ from A? (1 mark)
c) What are the objectives of carrying out tree harvesting shown in A? (2 marks)
SECTION C (40MARKS)

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 Answer any two Questions in this section On the foolscaps provided
23. (a) State five ways of improving productivity of a fram labour. (5mks)
(b) Identify seven ways of adjusting t o risks and uncertainitiesi in the farm. (7mks)
(c) Outline eight effects of land fragmentation (8mks)
24. (a) Describe maize production under the following headigns
• Land preparation (3mks)
• Planting (4mks)
• Field management practices (3mks)
(b) State and explain five factors that influence crop rotation. (10mks)
25. (a) Outline qualities of a good farm manager (5mks)
(b) Outline six activities that may be undertaken in organic farming. (6mks)
(c) (i) give five reasons for pruning. (5mks)
(ii) Describe four disadvantages of chemical pest control. (4mks)

THIS IS THE LAST PAGE PRINTED

Page 24 of FOR MARKING SCHEME CALL SIR ABRAHAM 0729 125 181
TOP RANK PREDICTION 2025 KCSE PREDICTION MOCK SERIES 4
NAME:……………………………………………….. INDEX NO…..…………

SCHOOL:…………………………………..ADM…….…… STREAM:………

CANDIDATE’S SIGN ………………… DATE ………………TARGET…..…

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education

443/ 1
Agriculture Paper 1
(Theory)
Time 2 hours

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
• Write your name and index number in the spaces provided above.
• The paper consists of three sections A , B and C.
• Answer all questions in section A and B in the spaces provided
• Answer any two questions from section C in the spaces provided
FOR EXAMINER’S USE ONLY
Maximum Candidate’s
Section Question score score
1−16 30
A

17
18
B 19
20
20

C
21-23 40

TOTAL 90

SECTION A (30 MARKS)

Page 25 of FOR MARKING SCHEME CALL SIR ABRAHAM 0729 125 181
 Answer all questions in this section in the spaces provided.
1. State four entries in a breeding record in pigs production. (2mks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

2. Give three ways of classifying pasture. (1½ mks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

3. Name two liming materials used in the farm. (2mks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………..……………………………

4. Name four financial books used in farm account. (2mks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

5. Name four classes of livestock farming. (2mks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Page 26 of FOR MARKING SCHEME CALL SIR ABRAHAM 0729 125 181
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

6. State four measures of National economic development of a country. (2mks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

7. Name four fresh market tomato varieties. (2mks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

8. State four disadvantages of chemical weed control. (2mks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

9. State four importance of practicing Agroforestry. (2mks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

10. State three types of production functions in Agriculture. (1½ mks)

Page 27 of FOR MARKING SCHEME CALL SIR ABRAHAM 0729 125 181
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

[Link] four advantages of Landlordism and tenancy land tenure system. (2mks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

12. State four effects of living organism in crop production. (2mks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

13. Name four types of Terraces used in soil and water conservation. (2mks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

14. Name two types of pruning in coffee. (2mks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

15. State three functions of Agricultural finance cooperation (AFC). (1½ mks)

Page 28 of FOR MARKING SCHEME CALL SIR ABRAHAM 0729 125 181
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

16. State three sources of capital for starting Agricultural activity. (1½ mks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Page 29 of FOR MARKING SCHEME CALL SIR ABRAHAM 0729 125 181
 SECTION B (20 MARKS)
Answer all questions in this section in the spaces provided.
17. The diagrams below are planting materials use in crop propagation,

A B

i) Name the planting materials A and B above

A (1mk)
B (1mk)
ii) Apart from grass, name other crop propagated using material B (1mk)
iii) State any two factors that determine rooting in A.

18. Below is practice done during management of agroforestry tree seedling in a nursery, use it

to answer the questions that follows.

i) Identify the practice. (1mk)

Page 30 of FOR MARKING SCHEME CALL SIR ABRAHAM 0729 125 181
ii) State three importance of the practice. (3mks)

iii) State one disadvantages of the practice. (1mk)

19. Some students carried an experiment in the laboratory, the following procedure was
followed.

i) Put about 50g of a garden soil in 250cm3 measuring cylinder.

ii) Added about four times its volume of water containing sodium carbonate.

iii) Covered the cylinder with the hand and shaked vigorously for about two minutes.

iv) Placed the cylinder on the bench and for one hour to allow for the content to settle as shown

below.

i) State the aim of the experiment. (1mk)

ii) What is the role of sodium carbonate in the experiment? (1mk)

iii) Explain the observation in the cylinder after the one hour. (2mks)

iv) Identify a control experiment for the above set up. (1mk)

Page 31 of FOR MARKING SCHEME CALL SIR ABRAHAM 0729 125 181
20. The diagram below represents a weed which is commonly found in the farm.

i) Name the weed above. (1mk)

ii) Classify the weed based on morphology. (1mk)

iii) Name two crops commonly associate with the weed. (2mks)

iv) Identify the effect of the weed on the above named crops. (1mk)

SECTION C ( 40 MARKS)
Answer any two questions from this section in the spaces after the last question
21. (i) Describe various ways of classifying pests. (5mks)

(ii) State seven effects of weeds. (7mks)

(iii) Describe four ways by which the government may help farmers to increase maize
production for food security in Kenya. (8mks)

22. (i) Describe factors to consider when sitting a nursery bed. (5mks)

(ii) Describe water treatment process. (10mks)

(iii) State any five principles of cooperative societies. (5mks)

23. Describe beans production under the following sub-headings

Page 32 of FOR MARKING SCHEME CALL SIR ABRAHAM 0729 125 181
i) Selection and preparation of planting material. (3mks)

ii) Land preparation. (3mks)

iii) Planting. (3mks)

iv) Post harvest practices. (4mks)

v) State seven effects of pest in crop production. (7mks)

THIS IS THE LAST PRINTED PAGE

END

Page 33 of FOR MARKING SCHEME CALL SIR ABRAHAM 0729 125 181
TOP RANK PREDICTION 2025 KCSE PREDICTION MOCK SERIES 5
NAME:……………………………………………….. INDEX NO…..…………

SCHOOL:…………………………………..ADM…….…… STREAM:………

CANDIDATE’S SIGN ………………… DATE ………………TARGET…..…

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education

443/ 1
Agriculture Paper 1
(Theory)
Time 2 hours

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
• Write your name and index number in the spaces provided above.
• The paper consists of three sections A , B and C.
• Answer all questions in section A and B in the spaces provided
• Answer any two questions from section C in the spaces provided
FOR EXAMINER’S USE ONLY
Maximum Candidate’s
Section Question score score
1−16 30
A

17
18
B 19
20
20

C
21-23 40

TOTAL 90

SECTION A (40 MARKS)

Page 34 of FOR MARKING SCHEME CALL SIR ABRAHAM 0729 125 181
 ANSWER ALL THE QUESTIONS IN THE SPACES PROVIDED

[Link] three forms of horticulture practiced in Kenya. (1 ½ mks)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

[Link] three disadvantages of small scale farming (1 ½ mks)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
[Link] four reasons for land preparation (2 mks)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

[Link] two implements that can be used to carry out sub – soiling (1mk)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

[Link] of plant used to make green manure. (2 mks)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

6.a). What is opportunity cost (1mk)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

7. Give three instances when opportunity cost does not exist (1 ½ mks)

Page 35 of FOR MARKING SCHEME CALL SIR ABRAHAM 0729 125 181
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
[Link] four reasons why farmers may choose seeds over vegetative materials during planting (2 mks)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
9. Outline four ways of controlling damping off disease on vegetable seedling in a nursery (2 mks)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

10. State four management practices in intensive hedge grow agroforestry (2 mks)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

11. Name four types of market structures in agricultural marketing (2 mks)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

12. State two limitations of tissue culture in crop production. (2 mks)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

13. Differentiate between the following terms

b) Over – sowing and undersowing (2 mks)

Page 36 of FOR MARKING SCHEME CALL SIR ABRAHAM 0729 125 181
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

c) Seed dressing and seed inoculation (2 mks)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

14. State four practices carried out during harvesting of beans (2 mks)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

15. Name three biological weed control methods (1 ½ mks)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

16. State four parameters that can be used to measure the economic development of a
country. (2 mks)
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Page 37 of FOR MARKING SCHEME CALL SIR ABRAHAM 0729 125 181
 SECTION B (20 MARKS)
ANSWER ALL THE QUESTIONS IN THE SPACES PROVIDED

17. The diagram below illustrates an investigation on a property of soil samples labelled J, K
&L

a). If the levels of water shown in the diagram were observed after three hours, name the
property of soil being investigated. (1 mk)

b). What is the relationship between the soil property named in (a) above and the size of
soil particles? (1 mk)

c). Which soil sample would be suitable for growing paddy rice. (1 mk)

d). Give two characteristics of soil J (2 mks)

18. a). Distinguish between straight and compound fertilizer (1 mk)

b). A farmer applied 200kg of CAN (21%N) and DSP 150kg (40% P2O5) per hectare on his five
hectares maize crop. Calculate the amount of Nitrogen and phosphorus the farmer applied
on his crop. Show your working (4 mks)

Page 38 of FOR MARKING SCHEME CALL SIR ABRAHAM 0729 125 181
 19. Below is a graphical representation of a law in agricultural economics. Study the graph
carefully and answer the questions that follow.

a). Identify the law illustrated by the graph. (1 mk)

b). Explain how each additional unit of fertilizer input relates to the total output of maize in
phases II and III. (2 mks)

c). State the importance of the law identified in (i) above to the maize farmer. (1 mk)

d). Name the irrational phase of operation (1 mk)

20. The diagram below shows a method of budding

Page 39 of FOR MARKING SCHEME CALL SIR ABRAHAM 0729 125 181
a). Identify the method of budding

b). Name two other methods of budding apart from one illustrated (2 mks)

c). Give two advantages of budding in crop production

SECTION C (40 MARKS)

ANSWER ANY TWO QUESTIONS IN THE SPACES PROVIDED
21. a). Describe five biotic factors that influence agricultural production (5 mks)
b). Explain five reasons for draining water – logged soils (5 mks)

c). Explain four factors considered when selecting planting materials (4 mks)

d). Describe the harvesting of tea (6 mks)

22. a). Give five reasons why late defoliation is discouraged in pasture utilization (5 mks)

Page 40 of FOR MARKING SCHEME CALL SIR ABRAHAM 0729 125 181
 b). Describe ten harmful effects of crop pests (10 mks)

c). Describe five methods used in water harvesting (5 mks)

23. a). Describe five post – harvesting management practices carried out on various crops
(10 mks)
b). Discuss carrots production under the following sub – headings

i). Field management practices (3 mks)

ii. Land preparation (3 mks)

c). State four advantages of communal land tenure system (4 mks)

*THIS IS THE LAST PRINTED PAGE*

Page 41 of FOR MARKING SCHEME CALL SIR ABRAHAM 0729 125 181
TOP RANK PREDICTION 2025 KCSE PREDICTION MOCK SERIES 6
NAME:……………………………………………….. INDEX NO…..…………

SCHOOL:…………………………………..ADM…….…… STREAM:………

CANDIDATE’S SIGN ………………… DATE ………………TARGET…..…

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education

443/ 1
Agriculture Paper 1
(Theory)
Time 2 hours

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
• Write your name and index number in the spaces provided above.
• The paper consists of three sections A , B and C.
• Answer all questions in section A and B in the spaces provided
• Answer any two questions from section C in the spaces provided
FOR EXAMINER’S USE ONLY
Maximum Candidate’s
Section Question score score
1−17 30
A

18
B 19
20
21

C
22-24 40

TOTAL 90

Page 42 of FOR MARKING SCHEME CALL SIR ABRAHAM 0729 125 181
 SECTION A (30marks)
Answer ALL questions in this section in the spaces provided
[Link] four aspects of rainfall that affect agricultural production. (2mks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………....

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. State four factors considered when choosing water pipes for use in the farm. (2mks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………………………....

……………………………………………………………………………………………………....

……………………………………………………………………………………………………....
3. List down four types of water erosion. (2mks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………….…...
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. Give three classes of weeds on the basis of growth cycle. (1½mks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………….…..

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. Define the term pest. (1mk)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

6. State four reasons why burning of bushes is discouraged as a method of land clearing. (2mks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..…..

………………………………………………………………………………………………….…...
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Page 43 of FOR MARKING SCHEME CALL SIR ABRAHAM 0729 125 181
.………………………………………………………………………………………………….….
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

7. Outline four factors considered when grading tomatoes. (2mks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

….…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
8. State four problems associated with marketing agricultural produce (2mks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

….…………………………………………………………………………………………………..

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
9. Give three maintenance practices carried out on water tanks. (1 ½ mks)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………....

………………………………………………………………………………………………….…...

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………….…...
10. Give four characteristics of agroforestry trees (2mks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
11. Define the following terms. (2 mks)

(i) Nursery bed

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Page 44 of FOR MARKING SCHEME CALL SIR ABRAHAM 0729 125 181
(ii) Seed bed
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

(iii) Pricking out

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(iv) Hardening off
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
12. List four financial documents used in the farm (2mks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
13. List down four factors of production. (2mks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

14. Name the parts harvested for each of the following crops. (1 ½ mks)
(a) Onions
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………....

(b) Carrots

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………...………….

(c) Coffee

Page 45 of FOR MARKING SCHEME CALL SIR ABRAHAM 0729 125 181
……………………………………….…………...…………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………….…..
.15. Name four main methods of controlling pests in the farm. (2mks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

16. Mention three ways of applying water to crops (1 ½ mks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

17. Differentiate between pomoculture and olericulture (1mk)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Page 46 of FOR MARKING SCHEME CALL SIR ABRAHAM 0729 125 181
 SECTION B (20 Marks)
Answer ALL questions in this section
18.a) A farmer in Molo was advised to apply 80 kg of nitrogen to his maize plantation during top
dressing. The fertilizer available was calcium ammonium nitrate (20% N) .Calculate the amount
of this fertilizer in kilograms the farmer should purchase (2mks)
b. At what stage should the farmer top dress his maize crop (1mk)

c. State three methods of fertilizer application (3mks)

19. Below are common weeds. Use them to answer the questions that follow.

K L

M N

Page 47 of FOR MARKING SCHEME CALL SIR ABRAHAM 0729 125 181
a) Identify the weeds labelled K, L,M, N (2marks)
K……………………………………………………………………………………………..
L……………………………………………………………………………………………
M………………………………………………………………………………………………
N………………………………………………………………………………………………
b) State the effect of the following weeds
i) K if fed to cows (1mark)
ii) L growing on a maize field (1mark)
c) Give a reason why weed M is difficult to control (1mark)
20. Study the illustration below of making compost manure and answer the questions that follow.

(a) Name the method of making compost manure illustrated above. (1mk)

(b) Name the other method of making compost manure. (1mk)

(c) State three qualities of well decomposed compost manure. (3mks)

21. The following diagrams illustrate two methods of soil [Link] them and answer
questions that follow .

Page 48 of FOR MARKING SCHEME CALL SIR ABRAHAM 0729 125 181
(a) What do diagrams A and B represent? (2 marks)

A……………………………………………………………………………………………….……

B…………………………………………………………………………….………………………
(b) Describe the procedure of soil sampling. (3 marks)

SECTION C (40mks) Answer only two questions in this section

22. (a) Describe seven cultural or biological methods of soil and water conservation. (7 marks)

(b) Describe the importance of keeping farm records . (7 marks) (c)

Explain six objectives of the million acre scheme of land settlements. (6 marks)

23[a] Describe the growing of dry bean seeds under the following sub headings.

(i) Selection and preparation of planting materials. (3marks)

(ii)Planting. (4marks)

(iii) Weeding. (3marks)

(b) Describe the environmental conditions that may lead to low crop yields (10 marks)

24. (a) Explain seven factors that influence seed rate in crop production. (7mks)
(b) Outline seven safety precautions observed when using herbicide in the farm. (7mks)
(c) Explain briefly any six factors that affect the quality of hay a farmer may produce in the farm.
(6mks)

Page 49 of FOR MARKING SCHEME CALL SIR ABRAHAM 0729 125 181
TOP RANK PREDICTION 2025 KCSE PREDICTION MOCK SERIES 7
NAME:……………………………………………….. INDEX NO…..…………

SCHOOL:…………………………………..ADM…….…… STREAM:………

CANDIDATE’S SIGN ………………… DATE ………………TARGET…..…

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education

443/ 1
Agriculture Paper 1
(Theory)
Time 2 hours
INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
• Write your name and index number in the spaces provided above.
• The paper consists of three sections A , B and C.
• Answer all questions in section A and B in the spaces provided
• Answer any two questions from section C in the spaces provided
FOR EXAMINER’S USE ONLY
Maximum Candidate’s
Section Question score score
1−20 30
A

21
B 22
20
23

C
24-226 40

TOTAL 90

This paper consists of 11 printed pages

Candidates should check the question paper to ensure that all pages are clearly printed as
indicated and no question is missing

Page 50 of FOR MARKING SCHEME CALL SIR ABRAHAM 0729 125 181
 SECTION A: (30 MARKS)
Answer all questions
[Link] four factors that one should consider when selecting planting materials. (2 marks)
………………………………………….………………………………………………………..…
………………………………………….……………………………………………………….…
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………...…………………………………………………………………………
[Link] two crop production practices carried after planting to achieve optimum plant population.
(1 marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………..………………………………………………………………………………..
[Link] what state in the growth of beans should mechanical/weed control be avoided.(1 mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………....
[Link] one vegetative material used to propagate each of the following crops. (2 marks)
• Irish potatoes
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…..…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
• Pineapples
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…..…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
• Bananas
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………..………………………………………………………………………………………..
• Pyrethrum
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…..…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
[Link] two ways through which temperature leads to formation of soil. (2 marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………….…
……………………………………………………………………………………………….……
…………………………………………………………………………………………….………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………..

Page 51 of FOR MARKING SCHEME CALL SIR ABRAHAM 0729 125 181
[Link] four financial books that should be kept on a farm. (2 marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..…
……………………………………………………………………….……………………….……
……………………………………………………………………………………………..………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………….……………………………………………………………………………………..
[Link] two reasons for drying grain crops before storage. (1 mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………….…
……………………………………………………………………………………………….……
…………………………………………………………………………………………….………
……………..……………………………………………………………………………………..
[Link] two sources where farmers get capital to start an enterprise. (1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..…
……………………………………………………………………………………………….……
……………………………………………………………………………………………………..
[Link] how monocropping leads to a loss of soil fertility. (2 marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..…
………………………………………………….…………………………………………….……
…………………………………………….……………………………………………….………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………….………………………………………………………………………..
10. What is opportunity cost? (1 mark)
……………………………………………………….………………………………………….…
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
….…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
11. Define agroforestry (1mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………….…
……………………………………………………………………………………………….……
……………………………………………………………………………………………………..
12. Name four sites for agroforestry trees. (2 marks)

Page 52 of FOR MARKING SCHEME CALL SIR ABRAHAM 0729 125 181
………………………………………………………………………………………………….…
……………………………………………………………………………………………….……
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………….…………….…….………………
…………………………………………………………………….……….….….…………………
……………………………………………………………………………..………………………..
13. Give four advantages of mixed pasture (2mks)
………………………………………………….………………………………………………..…
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………….…………………………………………………..…………
……………………………………….…………………….………………………………………..
14. Give two ways by which losses are incurred in silage. (1mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………….…
……………………………………………………………………………………………….……
…………………………………………………………………………………………….………
……………….…………………………..………………………………………………………..
15. Identify two examples of intensive systems practiced in agriculture. (1mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………….…
……………………………………………………………………………………………….……
…………………..………………………………………………………………………………..
16. Give two types of carrot varieties. (1mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..…
……………………………………………………………………………………………….……
…………..……….………………………………………………………………………………..
17. State two roles of water in plants. (1mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………….…
………………….………….………………………………………………………………………
….…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
18. Why is drainage important in water logged land? (2 marks)

Page 53 of FOR MARKING SCHEME CALL SIR ABRAHAM 0729 125 181
………………………………………………………………………………………………….…
……………………………………………………………………………………………….……
……………………………………………………………………………………………………..
19. State two reasons why top soil layer of the soil profile should be maintained? (2 marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………….…
……………………………………………………………………………………………….……
…………………………………………………………………………………………….………
…………………..………………………………………………………………………………..
20. Give four benefits of monocropping. (2 marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..…
………………………………………………………………………………………………..……
……………………………………………………………………………………………..………
…………………….………………………………………………………………………………..
SECTION B: (20 MARKS)
21. Sample weighing 200gm was heated in an oven at 1050C. the dry soil was weighed and the
weight recorded as 188gm. The soil was then heated strongly after which was recorded as
180gms.
(i) Calculate the percentage content of water in the initial soil sample. (2 marks)
(ii) Why was the soil heated in the oven? (1 mark)
(iii) Calculate the weight of humus in the sample. (2 mark)
(iv) Find the percentage content of humus in the soil sample. (2 marks)
22. The illustration below shows a four- heap system of making compost manure. Study it and
answer the questions that follow.

X Y X

FIELD
(a) By use of arrows indicate on the diagram above how materials should be transferred from
one heap to another till the materials in applied in the field. (2 marks)
(b) State two indicators of a well decomposed manure. (2 marks

Page 54 of FOR MARKING SCHEME CALL SIR ABRAHAM 0729 125 181
 (c) (i) Give one main reason for adding on a compost manure. (2 marks)
(ii) Regular turning of the compost manure. (2 marks)
23. Study the illustration below of a type of terrace. (1 mark)

i. .Name the type of terrace. (1 mark)

iii. Identify part labeled F. (1 mark)
iv. Ways in which terrace controls soil erosion. (2 marks)
v. Disadvantages of using this type of terrace. (1 mark)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..

SECTION C: (40 MARKS)

Answer ANY TWO questions from this section
24. (a) What is solifluction? (1 mar
(b) Explain four factors affecting solifluction. (8 marks)
(c). Describe the process involved in water treatment using a chemical treatment system. (11 marks)
25. (a)Describe the practices that a farmer should carry out to ensure uniform germination(8mks)
(b) (i) Differentiate between land subdivision and land fragmentation. (2 marks)
(ii) Explain ten effects of fragmentation and sub-division of land. (10 marks)
26. (a) Give five effects of HIV/AIDs and general health on agriculture production in Kenya.
(5 marks)
(b) State eight effects of temperature on agricultural production in Kenya. (8 marks)
(c) Describe seven factors that should be considered when classifying crop pests. (7 marks)
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..

Page 55 of FOR MARKING SCHEME CALL SIR ABRAHAM 0729 125 181
TOP RANK PREDICTION 2025 KCSE PREDICTION MOCK SERIES 8
NAME:……………………………………………….. INDEX NO…..…………

SCHOOL:…………………………………..ADM…….…… STREAM:………

CANDIDATE’S SIGN ………………… DATE ………………TARGET…..…

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education

443/ 1
Agriculture Paper 1
(Theory)
Time 2 hours
INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
• Write your name and index number in the spaces provided above.
• The paper consists of three sections A , B and C.
• Answer all questions in section A and B in the spaces provided
• Answer any two questions from section C in the spaces provided
FOR EXAMINER’S USE ONLY
For Examiner’s Use Only

SECTION QUESTIONS MAXIMUM CANDIDATE’S

SCORE SCORE
A 1 – 19 30

B 20-23 20

C 24-26 40

Total Score 90

Page 56 of FOR MARKING SCHEME CALL SIR ABRAHAM 0729 125 181
 SECTION A (30 MARKS)
Answer All the Questions in This Section in the Spaces Provided

1. State four farming activities that may improve soil structure. (2 marks)
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................

2. Name three types of legume trees used as fodder. (1½ marks)

..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................

3. State three effects of low temperature on crop production. (1½ marks)

..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................

4. Give three reasons for drying grains to 21% moisture content after harvesting. (2 marks)
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................

5. State four parameters of national economic development. (2 marks)

..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................

Page 57 of FOR MARKING SCHEME CALL SIR ABRAHAM 0729 125 181
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................

6. Outline two conditions that favors nomadic pastoralism in Kenya. (2 marks)

..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................

7. State three factors that determine the depth of planting seeds. (1½ marks)

..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................

8. State three factors that will determine the selectivity of herbicide in chemical weed control.
(1 ½ mark)
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................

9. Outline four factors that affect the quality of farmyard manure. (2 marks)
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................

10. Name three basic concepts of economics (1½ marks)

..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................

Page 58 of FOR MARKING SCHEME CALL SIR ABRAHAM 0729 125 181
11. State four importance of tissue culture. (2 marks)
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................

12. Give two methods used to drain farmland. (1 mark)

..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................

13. State four factors to consider when designing a sound farm plan. (2 marks)
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
.........................................................................................................................................................

14. Nam four improper farming methods that increase the rate of soil erosion. (2 marks)
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................

15. Outline four pieces of information contained in a land title deed. (2 marks)
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................

16. Differentiate between a nursery bed and a seedbed. (1 mark)

Page 59 of FOR MARKING SCHEME CALL SIR ABRAHAM 0729 125 181
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................

17. Name three macro nutrients whose deficiency symptoms is chlorosis. (1½ marks)
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
...............................................………………………………………………………………………………………………………

18. Define Agriculture. (½ mark)

..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................................

19. Give two reasons for sub soiling (1 mark)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Page 60 of FOR MARKING SCHEME CALL SIR ABRAHAM 0729 125 181
 SECTION B (20 MARKS)

Answer All the Questions in the Spaces Provided

20. After soil sampling and testing a farmer was advised to apply 200kg of nitrogen per hectare
in his 2 hectare farm. If the farmer has only diammonium phosphate (D.A.P) [Link] at his
disposal;
(a) Calculate the amount of D.A.P he would require (1½ marks)

(b) Calculate the amount of P205 he will have applied per hectare. (1½ marks)

(c) State two symptoms the farmer would have observed on the maize crops if he
applied excess nitrogen. (2 marks)
21. The diagram below shows a common weed plant.

(a) Identify the weed………………………………………………………………………(1 mark)

(b) Why is it difficult to eradicate the above weed? (1 mark
(c) Name two biological weed control methods. (2 marks
(d) Name one economic importance of the above weed. (1 mark)
22. The diagram below show a method of crop propagation. Study it and answer the question
that follows:

(a) Identify the method. (1 mark)

Page 61 of FOR MARKING SCHEME CALL SIR ABRAHAM 0729 125 181
(b) State one advantage of the above method over the other methods of crop propagation. (2
marks)
(c) State three factors which influence the rooting of cutting in vegetable propagation (3 marks)
23. The diagram below shows a tomato fruit affected by a pest. Study it carefully then answer
the questions that follow.

(a) Identify the pest labeled P. (1 mark)

(b) State two methods used to control the pest. (2 marks)
(c) State any two factors to consider when selecting tomato fruits for marketing. (2 marks)

SECTION C (40 MARKS)

Answer Any Two Questions From This Section In The Spaces Provided.

24. (a) Outline the various uses of water in a mixed farm. (10 marks)
(b) Describe five methods of draining water from a marshy land. (10 marks)

25. (a) Describe five field management practices carried out in tomatoes production.
(10 marks)
(b) Describe five cultural practices used in soil and water conservation (10 marks)

26. (a) Explain five factors that would influence the spacing of a particular crop in the field.
(10 marks)
(b) Describe five practices that a farmer should carry out to ensure uniform germination of
seeds (5 marks)
(c) State five factors that determine the stages of harvesting crops. (5 marks)

Page 62 of FOR MARKING SCHEME CALL SIR ABRAHAM 0729 125 181
TOP RANK PREDICTION 2025 KCSE PREDICTION MOCK SERIES 9
NAME:……………………………………………….. INDEX NO…..…………

SCHOOL:…………………………………..ADM…….…… STREAM:………

CANDIDATE’S SIGN ………………… DATE ………………TARGET…..…

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education

443/ 1
Agriculture Paper 1
(Theory)
Time 2 hours
INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
• Write your name and index number in the spaces provided above.
• The paper consists of three sections A , B and C.
• Answer all questions in section A and B in the spaces provided
• Answer any two questions from section C in the spaces provided
FOR EXAMINER’S USE ONLY
For Examiner’s Use Only

Section Questions Maximum score Candidate score

A 1 -18 30
B 19 -22 20
C 20

20
Total score 90

Page 63 of FOR MARKING SCHEME CALL SIR ABRAHAM 0729 125 181
SECTION A(30MARKS)

Answer ALL questions in this section

1) Name a chemical used to achieve the following during water treatment.

(a) Coagulation of solid particles (½mark)

……………………………………………………………………………………………………….
.............................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................
.............................................................................................................................................................
(b) Softening of water (½mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….…
(c) Killing pathogens (½mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………………….…

2) State two causes of forking in carrots (1mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….…
3) Name four books of account kept by a farmer (2 mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Page 64 of FOR MARKING SCHEME CALL SIR ABRAHAM 0729 125 181
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….…
4) Give the element whose deficiency in plants is characterized by the following

(a) Interveinal chlorosis of the leaves .......................................................................... (½ mark)

(b Blossom end rot in tomatoes.......................................................................................(1/2mark)

(c) Scorched edges of a leaf .............................................................................................(½ mark)

5) Give two roles of agriculture in industrial growth. (1 mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….…
6) Difference between olericulture and pomoculture ( 1 mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….…
7 a) Give two disadvantages of hydram pumps (1 mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….…
(b) State two methods of harvesting Maize (1 mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….…

Page 65 of FOR MARKING SCHEME CALL SIR ABRAHAM 0729 125 181
8) a) What is Agro forestry. (1mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….…
b) State four ways in which Agro forestry is important. (2marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
9) Give four farming practices that may help in achieving minimum tillage. (2 marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….…
10) Define the term “Economic Injury Level” of a crop. (1 mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….…
11) State two conditions when opportunity costs are zero (1 mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….…
12) State four factors that influence solifluction (2 marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Page 66 of FOR MARKING SCHEME CALL SIR ABRAHAM 0729 125 181
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….…
13) Give four conditions that necessitate clearing of land. (2 marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

14) Give four reasons for keeping health record (2 marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

15) Name any two diseases that affect bean production in the field. (1 mark)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

16) State four benefits of crop rotation (2 marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Page 67 of FOR MARKING SCHEME CALL SIR ABRAHAM 0729 125 181
17) State four management practices in a vegetable nursery (2 marks)

............................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................
18) Give four methods of land reform practiced in Kenya (2mks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

SECTION B ( 20 MARKS)

Answer ALL the questions in this section in the spaces provided.

19. Study the methods of crop propagation illustrated below and answer the questions that follow

Glass
scion container
roots
Banana
plantlet
Root stock
Culture
medium
3
1 Developing
roots
2

a) Identify the methods of crop propagation illustrated above.

Page 68 of FOR MARKING SCHEME CALL SIR ABRAHAM 0729 125 181
 1………………………………………………………………………. (½ mark)

2 ……………………………………………………………………… (½ mark)

3……………………………………………………………………… (.½ mark)

b) Give one condition under which method (1) above is carried out. (½ mark)

c) State two disadvantages of using stem cuttings for planting. (2marks)

20.(a) Form two student put some soil sample in a measuring cylinder, added some water and
sodium carbonate and then covered the cylinder with the hand and shook the cylinder for
about two minutes. He left the cylinder on the bench for one hour. The result was as
shown below.

(i). Name the layers marked a,b,c and d. (4x ½ =2 mark)

(ii) What was the function of sodium carbonate in this experiment? (Imark)
(iii) What was the aim of this experiment? (lmark)
d both field and storage pests
[Link] diagrams below illustrate

Page 69 of FOR MARKING SCHEME CALL SIR ABRAHAM 0729 125 181
a) Identify the pests in the illustration. (4marks)

M1

M2

M3 :

M4:

b) State two ways by which pest labelled M2 causes loss in cereal crops. (1marks)

c) State two methods which are used to control the pest labeled M2. (2marks)

[Link] the diagram on silage making shown below and answer the questions that follow.

Silage material
Soil layer
Drainage Ground level
Polythene sheet

a) Identify the silage preparation method shown above. (1mark)

b) Give two precautions taken when ensiling to ensure high quality silage. (2marks)

c) State two advantages of this method of forage conservation over other methods. (2marks)

Page 70 of FOR MARKING SCHEME CALL SIR ABRAHAM 0729 125 181
SECTION C ( 40 marks)

Answer TWO questions from this section in the spaces provided

23. a) State and explain five agricultural services offered to farmers. (10marks)

b) Give ways in which labour efficiency can be increased in the farm (5marks)

c) State five the functions of co-operatives. (5marks)

24.a) Give one reason in each case why it is difficult to control the following weeds.

i) Oxalis

ii) Nut grass

iii) Couch grass (3marks)

b) State two main factors which contributes to competitive ability of weeds. (2marks)

c) State five safety measures that a farmer must consider to prevent danger to other

people and environment when using herbicides. (5marks)

d) Describe any five cultural methods of controlling weeds. (10marks)

25. a) The table gives information on the supply of potatoes in a local market.

Price /bag in Kshs. 1000 Quantity Demanded (in Quantity supplied (in bags)

bags)

1 20 2

2 15 8

3 12 12

4 10 16

5 9 19

Page 71 of FOR MARKING SCHEME CALL SIR ABRAHAM 0729 125 181
 i) using a suitable scale and on the same axis, draw and label supply and demand

curves using the data given. (8marks)

ii) From the curves drawn, what is the price per bag when 15 bags of potatoes were

supplied? (1mark)

iii) How many bags of potatoes were supplied at Equilibrium price. (1mark)

b) Outline the harvesting of coffee under following subheadings

i) Stage of harvesting (2marks)

ii) Procedure of harvesting (5marks)

iii) Precautions when harvesting (3marks)

Page 72 of FOR MARKING SCHEME CALL SIR ABRAHAM 0729 125 181
TOP RANK PREDICTION 2025 KCSE PREDICTION MOCK SERIES 9
NAME:……………………………………………….. INDEX NO…..…………

SCHOOL:…………………………………..ADM…….…… STREAM:………

CANDIDATE’S SIGN ………………… DATE ………………TARGET…..…

Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education

443/ 1
Agriculture Paper 1
(Theory)
Time 2 hours
INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
• Write your name and index number in the spaces provided above.
• The paper consists of three sections A , B and C.
• Answer all questions in section A and B in the spaces provided
• Answer any two questions from section C in the spaces provided
FOR EXAMINER’S USE ONLY
SECTION QUESTIONS MAXIMUM SCORE CANDIDATES SCORE

A 1 – 16 30

B 17 – 20 20

C 21 – 23 20

20

TOTAL
SCORE
90

Page 73 of FOR MARKING SCHEME CALL SIR ABRAHAM 0729 125 181
 SECTION A(30 MARKS)

Answer ALL questions in this section

[Link] four advantages of organic farming (2marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

[Link] four categories of livestock farming (2marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
…………

[Link] three forms of horticulture practiced in Kenya (1½ marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

4. Name the part harvested for each of the following crops

a) Onions (½ mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

b) Carrots (½ mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
… …………………………………………………………………………………………………...

Page 74 of FOR MARKING SCHEME CALL SIR ABRAHAM 0729 125 181
c) Coffee (½ mark)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

[Link] four disadvantages of broadcasting of seed s during planting (2marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

[Link] four ways in which land reforms can be implemented in Kenya (2marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

[Link] four factors that determine the choice of water pipes used in the farm (2marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

[Link] four ways in which mulching conserve water (2marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

[Link] four records that should be kept in a poultry farmer (2marks)

………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Page 75 of FOR MARKING SCHEME CALL SIR ABRAHAM 0729 125 181
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

[Link] four reasons for applying phosphatic fertilizers during planting (2marks)
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………

[Link] four characteristics of a good site of a nursery bed (2marks)

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[Link] four ways in which crop pest can be classified (2marks)

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[Link] four classes of weeds (2marks)

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[Link] four management practices undertaken to improve natural pastures (2marks)

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[Link] four disadvantages of using organic manure on crop production (2marks)

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[Link] is meant by the term preference and choice as used in agricultural economics?(1mark)
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SECTION B (20MARKS)

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Answer ALL questions in this section

[Link] diagrams below illustrate some field practices carried out on certain crops

A B

a) Identify the practices illustrated in diagram A and B

A…………………………………………………………………………………………(1mark)

B………………………………………………………………………………… (1mark)

b) State two problems faced by the farmers who do not carry out practice B (2marks)

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c) Explain pruning practices of a banana stool (1mark)

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 [Link] diagram below illustrates a soil profile

a)Identify the layers labelled M,N and P

M……………………………………………………………………………..(1mark)

N…………………………………………………………………………….. (1mark)

P …………………………………………………………………………….. (1mark)

b) State one characteristic of the layer labelled L (1mark)

c) Name the zone found between two adjoining layers(horizons) (1mark)

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[Link] diagram illustrates a certain property of different types of soils

a)State the property investigated in the diagram (1mark)

b) In which of the three soils would water rise very fast at the beginning of the experiment
and the rise stop within hours. (1mark)

c) From the diagram what conclusion would be made in regard to the three soil types and the
property being investigated? (3marks)

[Link] a maize production enterprise carried out over a period of eight years, a farmer used one
hectare of land each time and applied different quantities of DAP [Link] fertilizer costs
ksh.2500 per 50kgs bag and the harvested maize is sold at ksh.3000 per 90kg bag. The quantities
of DAP fertilizer applied and maize harvested are as shown in thus table below.

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 DAP Maize yield Total revenue Total cost Marginal Marginal cost
fertilizer in 90kg bags khs kshs revenue Kshs kshs
input in 50kg
bag
0 15.0 45000 0 0 0
1 35.6
2 52.0
3 68.5
4 71.0
5 71.5
6 71.5
7 68.5
a)complete the table by determining the values of total revenue, total cost, marginal revenue and
marginal cost (2marks)

b)From the information in your table, how can the farmer determine the level of production at
which profit is maximum? (1mark)

c)At the production level that yield maximum profit, what was the value of each of the
following?

i)DAP fertilizer input (1mark)

ii)Marginal revenue (1mark) …

SECTION C(40MARKS)

Answer TWO questions from this section

21.a) Describe cultural methods of controlling soil erosion (8marks)

b)Describe harvesting of tea (7marks)

c)Give five reasons for land registration (5marks)

22.a) State five ways of improving labour productivity in the farm (5marks)

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 b) State five roles if magnesium in crop production (5marks)

c) Describe five reasons why early defoliation is discouraged in pasture utilization.

(5marks)

d) Describe five harmful effects of crop pest (5marks)

23.a) Explain importance of irrigation farming (5marks)

b) State five characteristics of variable inputs (5marks)

c) Describe the harvesting and marketing of bulb onions (5marks)

d) State five disadvantages of communal land tenure system (5marks)

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