Federalism – A Key Pillar of Indian
Democracy
Subject: Political Science
Name: Kele Nath Sankhar
Class: X B
Roll Number: 50
School: KV Langjing
Submitted to: Trivani
Index
1. Introduction to Federalism
2. Features of Federalism
3. Types of Federalism
4. Decentralisation
5. Measures for Effective Decentralisation in India
6. Conclusion & Personal Reflection
7. Bibliography
Introduction to Federalism
Federalism is a system of government where two levels of government share
powers and responsibilities.
In India, federalism is a key feature due to the country's diversity in language,
culture, and geography.
The Constitution of India provides for a federal structure, dividing powers
between the Centre and the States.
This ensures that local needs are addressed while maintaining national unity.
Features of Federalism
- Two or more levels of government
- Division of powers between different levels
- Supremacy of the Constitution
- Independent judiciary to resolve disputes
- Dual government system
- Written constitution
- Rigid constitution
- Bicameral legislature (in some cases)
- Financial independence of each level
Types of Federalism
1. Dual Federalism – Power is clearly divided between national and state
governments (e.g., USA)
2. Cooperative Federalism – National and state governments share
responsibilities (e.g., Canada)
3. Competitive Federalism – States compete with each other for resources and
development
4. Asymmetrical Federalism – Different states enjoy different powers (e.g., J&K
before Article 370 was revoked)
5. Fiscal Federalism – Division of financial powers between levels of government
Decentralisation
Decentralisation refers to the process of distributing power from a central
authority to lower levels of government.
In India, it ensures that decision-making is closer to the people.
The 73rd and 74th Amendments to the Constitution strengthened this process by
establishing Panchayati Raj Institutions and Urban Local Bodies.
Measures for Effective Decentralisation in India
- Empowerment of local self-governments
- Direct elections for local bodies
- Financial independence of panchayats and municipalities
- Capacity-building and training for local leaders
- Use of e-governance for better service delivery
- Regular audits and accountability mechanisms
Conclusion & Personal Reflection
Federalism plays a vital role in maintaining unity in a diverse country like India.
It allows for power sharing and gives states the freedom to cater to regional
needs.
Decentralisation has brought governance closer to the people, making it more
transparent and effective.
Personally, I believe that further strengthening of local bodies can improve
development and participation in democracy.
Bibliography
- NCERT Political Science Textbook (Class X)
- The Hindu, Times of India (newspaper articles)
- [Link] (Government of India portal)
- YouTube videos on Federalism by educational channels
- Civics resources from CBSE and SCERT
