CHAPTER : 1 – MATRICES

SOLVED NCERT EXERCISE – 1

Q1. In the matrix : Sol. If a matrix has 18 elements, then possible
orders ar e 1  18, 2  9, 3  6, 6  3, 9  2,
 2 5 19 7 
  18  1.
 35 2 5 12  If a matrix has 5 elements then possible orders
A 2 
  are 1  5 and 5  1.
 31 1 5 12 
 
Q4. Constrct a 2 2 matrix, A = 
 aij 
, whose

Write : elements are given by :

IX
2
(i) the order of the matrix; i  j  i
(i) aij  (ii) aij 
(ii) the number of elements; 2 j
(iii) Write the elements a13 , a21 , a33 , a24 , a23 2
i  2 j 

FL
Sol. (i) The matrix A has three rows and 4 (iii)
2
columns.
Thus order of the matrix is 3  4 .  a11 a12 
Sol. A 
 aij 
2  2 
a

a22 
21
(ii) There are 3  4  12 elements in the
R
matrix A 2
i  j 
(i) aij 
(iii) a13 129, a21 35, a33 5, a24 12, 2
E
5 1 22 9
a23  a12  
2 
2 2
Q2. If a matrix has 24 elements, what are the
IT

possible orders it can have ? What if it has 2 12 9 2  2 2

13 elements ? a21    a22  8

2 2 2
Sol. We know that if a matrix is of order m  n , it
has mn elements. Thus to find all possible  9
P

orders of a matix with 24 elements, we will 2 

2
 A 
find all ordered pairs the product of whose 9 
elements is 24.  8
2 
JU

Thus all possible ordered pairs are

1, 24, 2,12, 3,8 , 6, 4, 8, 3, 12, 2, i
(ii) aij  j
24,1.
1 1
Hence possible orders are 1 24, 2  12,  a11   1 a12 
1 2
3 8, 4  6, 6  4, 8 3, 12  2, 24  1. 2 2
a21  1 a22   1
The matrix with 13 elements can have order 2 2
1  13 and 13  1 .
 1
 1
Q3. If a matrix has 18 elements, what are the 
A
 2
.
possible orders it can have ? What, if it 2 1 
has 5 elements.
2
i  2 j 
(iii) aij 
2

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

 2 1 7
1 2  2 9 a32  | 3  3  2 | 
a11   2 2
2 2
1
1 2  2
2
25 a33  | 3 3 3 |  3
a12   2
2 2
1 5
2 a34  | 3  3  4 | 
2  2 1 2 2
a21  8
2
 1 1
2  2 2
2
1 2
0
2
a22   18  
2 5 3 
A 2 1

IX
 2 2 
9 25   
4 7 5
Thus A  2 2 
 2
3
2
 
8 18 
Q6. Find the values of x, y and z from the

FL
Q5. Construc a 3  4 matrix, whose elements following equations :
are given by :
 4 3  y z 
1 (i)   
(i) aij  | 3i  j | (ii) aij  2i  j  x 5  1 5 
2
R
 x y 2   6 2
1 (ii)   
Sol. (i) aij  | 3  j |  5 y xy   5 8 
2
E
1 1  x y  z   9
a11  | 311|  | 2 | 1    
2 2 (iii)  x  z  5 .

 yz   
7
IT

1 1 1
a12  | 3  1 2 |  |1|
2 2 2
 4 3  y z 
1 Sol. (i)   
a13  | 3 1 3 |  0  x 5  1 5 
2
P

Clearly x = 1, y = 4, z = 3
1 5
a14  |  3 1 4|   x y 2   6 2
2 2 (ii)  5 z  
JU

 xy   5 8 
5
a21  |  3 2 1|  Now 5 z 5  z 0
2
Now x  y 6 and xy  8
1
a22  | 3  2  2 |  2
2  y  6  x and x 6  x 8
1 3 6 x  x 2 8
a23  | 3  2  3 | 
2 2
x2  6 x 8  8
1
a24  |  3  2 4 |  1 x  4x  20  x  2, 4
2

1 when x  2,  y  6  2  4
a31  |  3  31|4
2 and when x  4, y  6  4  2

Hence x = 2, y = 4, z = 0 or x = 4, y = 2, z = 0

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

 Q9. Which of the given values of x and y
 x y  z   9
    make the following pairs of matrices
(iiii)  x  z  5  equal :

 yz   
7
 3x  7 5  0 y  2
 ,  
Now x y z  9 ...(A)  y 1 2  3 x   8 4 
x z 5 ...(B)
1
y z  7 ...(C) (a) x  , y  7
3
From (A) and (B), we get (b) Not possible to find
y 5  9  y  4 2 1 2
y  7, x  (d) x  , y
3 3 3

IX
From (A) and (C), we get
x 7  9  x  2  3x  7 5  0 y  2
Sol. (b) Let A   
Now from (B), we get  y 1 2  3 x   8 4 
2 z  5  z  3

FL
1
(A) For x , y 7
Hence x = 2, y = 4, z = 3 3

 1 
Q7. Find the valuues of a, b, c and d from the  3  5 
equation :   3   0 7  2 
 
R
Now  1  8 4 
 a  b 2a  c  1 5   7 1 2  3 
  3 
  
 2a  b 3c  d   0 13
E
1 5  0 5 
 a  b 2a  c  1 5     
Sol.     8 3  8 4 
 2a  b 3c  d   0 13
IT

1
a  b 1 which is not ture. Thus for x  , y  7 , thus
3
2a  b  0 matrices are not equal.
Now
 a  1 (On subtraction)
P

2
(C) For y  7, x 
 a 1 3
JU

 a  b 1  1 b 1  2  

 b2  3  7 5 
 3    0 7  2
  
Again 2a  c  5  2 1 c  5  2   8 4 
 7 1 2  3 
  3 
 c 3
Also 3c  d  13  33 d 13  5 5  0 5
   
 8 4  8 4
Q8. A=
 aij 
m  n is a square matrix, if
wich is not ture.
(A) m  n (B) n  n
2
(C) m  n (D) none of these Thus for y  7, x  , the two matrices are
3
(a) For a square matrix m = n, not equal.
Thus option (C) m n , is correct.
1 2
(D) x , y
3 3

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

  1 
 3 7 5   2 
  3   0 3  2 
 2 1  
 1 2  3   8 4 
 3  3 

 6 5   8 
  0 3 
  1 3  
 3  8 4 

which is not true.

IX
1 2
Hence for x  , y  , the two matrices
3 3
are not equal.
Hence the option (B) not possible to find, is

FL
true.

Q10.The number of all possible to find, is true,

of order 3 x 3 with each entry 0 or 1 is :
R
(a) 27 (b) 18
(c) 81 (d) 51 2
Sol. The matrix has 3 x 3 = 9 elements. We have
E
to consider the entries as 0 or 1.
i.e. 2 entries.
Thus number of possible matrices =
IT

9
2  512 .
Thus option (D) 512, is correct.
P
JU

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

 SOLVED NCERT EXERCISE – 2
 2 4  1 3  -2 5  Q2. Compute the following :
Q1. Let A = 3 2 , B =  -2 5 , C =  3 5  Find
       a b a b
(i)    
each of the following. b a   b a 
(i) A + B (ii) A B
 a 2  b2 b 2  c 2   2ab 2bc 
(ii)  a 2  c 2 
2  
(iii) 3A  C (iv) B  2
a  b  2ac 2ab 
(v) BA
1 4 6  12 7 6 
 2 4   1 3    
Sol. (i) A  B   
 3 2  2 5  (iii)  8 5 16  8 0 5 

IX

 2 8 5 
 
 3 2 4
 2 1 4  3  3 7 
= =   cos2 x sin 2 x   sin 2 x cos2 x 
 32 2  5  1 7  (iv)  sin 2 x cos 2 x   cos 2 x sin 2 x 
   

FL
 2 4   1 3
(ii) A  B   
 3 2  2 5 
 a b a b
Sol. (i)   
b a   b a 
 2 1 4  3  1 1 
=  3 2 2  5  5 3  a  a b  b   2a 2b 
    =  
b  b a  a   0 2a 
R
 2 4  2 5 
(iii) 3 A  C  3 3 2  3 4   a 2  b2 b 2  c 2   2ab 2bc 
    (ii)  a 2  c 2 2

2  
 a  b  2ac 2ab 
E
 6 12  2 5 
=  33   a 2  b 2  2ab b 2  c 2  2bc 
9 6   3 4 =  a 2  c 2  2ac a 2  b 2  2ab 
IT

 
 6 12  2 5 
=  33   a  b 2 b  c 2 
9 6   3 4
= 
 a  c 2
 a  b2 

P

 2 4  1 3 
(iv) AB   
 3 2 2 5  1 4 6  12 7 6 
   
(iii)  8 5 16  8 0 5 
JU

 2 1 4 2 2  3 4 5  
=   2 8 5  
 3 2 4
 3 1 2 2 3 3 2  5 
112 4  7 6  6 
 2  8 6  20  6 26   
= 
 3 4 9 10  1 19 
 =  8 8 5 0 16  5 

 2  3 8  2 5 4 
 1 3  2 4 
(v) BA    11 11 0 
2 5 3 2   
= 16 5 21
 1  2  3  3 1 4  3  2  
 5 10 9 

= 
 2  2 5 3 2  4 5  2 
 cos2 x  sin 2 x sin 2 x  cos2 x 
(iv)  2 
 2 9 4  6  11 10   sin x  cos 2 x cos 2 x  sin 2 x 
=  
415 810  11 2 

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

 1 1 1  1  2 2 1  2  2 3 1  3  21
=  =  2  13  2 2 2 3 3

2  3 3 1 
1 1
Q3. Compute the indicated products : 1 4 2  6 3  2  3 4 1 
=   
 a b  a b   2  6 49 6 3   8 13 9 
(i)  
b a  b a 

 2 3 4  1 3 5 
  
1 (iv)  3 4 5  0 2 4 
  
4 5 6 
3 0 5
(ii)  2 2 3 4 
3
 
 2 1 3  0 4 3 2  3 3 2  4 0 2  5 3 4  4  5 

IX
 
 1 2  1 2 3 =  31 4 0 53 3 3 4  2  50 3 5 4455 

 4 15 0  63 43 5 2  60 455 4 65 
(iii)  
 2 3  2 3 1
 

 212 6  6 10 12  20 
 2 3 4  1 3 5   

FL
   =  315 9  8 15 16  25 
(iv)  3 4 5  0 2 4  
 4 18 12 10 20  20  30 


4 5 6 
3 0 5 

 2 1  14 0 42 
  1 0 1  
(v)  3 2   =  18 1 56 
R
1 2 1 
 22 2 70 

 
1 1 

 2 1
E
 2 3  1 0 1
 3 1 3  
(vi)   1 0  (v)  3 2  
1 2 1
1 0 2 1 1 
 

3 1 
IT

 a b  a b   2 111 20 12 2111 

Sol. (i)     
b a  b a   3 1 21 30  22 3 1 21 
=

1111 10 12  1111 
P

 a 2  b2 ab  ba 
= ab  ab b 2  a 2   2 1 2 2 1   1 2 3
 
   
=  3 2 4 3 2   1 4 5 
JU

 a 2  b2 0  11 2 11
  2 2 0 

= 0 
a  b2 
2

2 3 
1  1  2 1 3 1  4   3 1 3  
(vi)   1 0 
    1 0 2 
(ii)  2 2 3 4 2  2 2  3 2  4  3
 
1 

3  
 3  2 3 3 3 4  
 32 1133 331031
=  12 0 123 1300 2 1 
2 3 4 
 
= 4 6 8   6 1 9 9  0  3 14 6 

 6 9 12 
 =  
206 3 0  2   4 5 
 1 2 1 2 3
(iii)   
 2 3  2 3 1

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

  1 2 -3   3 -1 2  Hence, A B  C A BC .
   
Q4. If A =  5 0 2 , B =  4 2 5  and

 1 -1 1 
 
 2 0 3 
2 5 2 3 
3 1  5 1
4 1 2 3 5
    
C =  0 3 2 , then compute A + B  and 1 2 4 1 2 4
Q5. If A =  and B =  then

 1 -2 3 
 3 3 3  5 5 5
   
Also verify that 7 2
2 7 6 2
B - C. 

3 3 5 5 5

A + B - C = A + B- C
compute 3A - 5B .
 1 2 3  3 1 2 

IX
    Sol. 3A 5B
Sol. A  B  5 0 2  4 2 5 
 1 1 1 
  
 2 0 3
2 5 2 3 
3 1 1
 3 
 5 5 

FL
 4 1 1 1 2 4 1 2 4
  = 3 5
= 9 2 7 3 3 3 5 5 5
   
 3 1 4 
  7 2 7 6 2
2

3 3
 5 5 5

 3 1 2   4 1 2 
R
   
B  C  4 2 5  0 3 2  2 3 5 2 3 5
    
 2 0 3  
 1 2 3 
 =  1 2 4  1 2 4 

7 6 2  
7 6 2 
E
1 2 0 
 
 4 1 3   2  2 3 3 5  5 
=  
 2 0
IT

1  =  11 2  2 4  4 

 7  7 6  6 2  2

Now L.H.S. = A  B  C
0 0 0
 1 2 3 1 2 0 
P

 
   
2  4 1 3  = 0 0 0
= 5 0 0 0 0
  
 1 1 1 
 
1 2 0
JU

 0 0 3 Q6. Simplify :

 
=  9 1 5   cosθ sin θ   sinθ -cosθ 
2 1
 1 
 cosθ   + sinθ  
 -sinθ cosθ   cosθ sin θ 
R.H.S. = A  B C
 cosθ sin θ   sinθ -cosθ 
Sol. cosθ   + sinθ  
 4 1 1  4 1 2   -sinθ cosθ   cosθ sin θ 
   
= 9 2 7  0 3 2 
 cos 2 θ sin θ cosθ   sin 2 θ sin  cosθ 

 3 1 4 
 
 1 2 3 
 = sin θ cosθ cos 2 θ 
  
  sin θcosθ sin 2 θ 

 0 0 3  cos 2 θ +sin 2θ sin θ cosθ sin θ cosθ 

  =  
sin θ cosθ +sinθ cosθ cos 2θ sin 2 θ 
=  9 1 5 

2 1 1 


SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

 From (i) and on addition,
1 0
=  
0 1  2 3   2 2 
5X  5Y    
 4 0  1 5 
Q7. Find X and Y if
4 1
7 0 3 0 5X  5Y  
(i) X Y   and X  Y  
 3 5
2 5  0 3
1  4 1
 2 3  2 2  XY    .....(iii)
(ii) 2X  3Y  and 3X  2Y  5  3 5
 4 0 1 5 

IX
7 0 Again on substraction from (i) and (ii)
Sol. XY  
 2 5
 2 2   2 3 
3X  2Y  2X  3Y   
3 0 1 5   4 0 
XY  

FL
 0 3
 0 3
7 0  3 0  X  Y   .....(iv)
 X  Y X  Y    5 5 
 2 5  0 3
Addition (iii) and (iv), we get
10 0 
R
2X   1  4 1   0 5 
  2 5 2X    
5  3 5  5 5 

1 10 0 
E
X   4 1
 5
2  2 8 5  0 5 
2X    
3  5 5 
IT

5 0 5 1
X  
 
1 4 
 4 1   4 24 
 7 0   5  
P

Now as X  Y  5 5  5 5 
 2X 
 2 5  3  5   22 
 1 5   6 
 5   5 
JU

5 0  7 0
   Y    2
1 4  2 5 12 
 
5 5 
X 
 7 0 5 0   2 0   11 
Y      3 
  5 
 2 5  1 4   1 1 

5 0  2 0 1 4 1 
Now XY  
Hence X =  and Y =   5 3 5
1 4 1 1
 2 12  4 1
 2 3    
(ii) 2X  3Y   .....(i)  5 5 
 Y 
5 5
4 0   11  3 
 5 3  5 1
   
 2 2 
and 3X  2Y   .....(ii)
1 5 

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

 4 1  2 12   2 6   y 0  5 6
        
5 5  5 5   0 2 x   1 2 1 8 
X  
 3   11 
5 1  3  2 y 6  5 6
   5 
   
 1 2 x  2  1 8
 2 13  2  y 5 and 2 x 2  8
  
5 5 
Y  y  3 and x  3
 14  
 2 
5  Hence, x = 3 and y = 3.

 2 -12  2 13  Q10.Solve the equation fox x, y, z and t, if

IX
   
5 5  5 5
X = Y = x y   1 1  3 5 
Hence,  -11   14  2  3  3 .
 3   -2  y t   0 2   4 6
 5  5 

x y   1 1  3 5 

FL
Sol. 2   3 
y t   0 2   4 6
 3 2  1 0
Q8. Find X if Y =   and 2X + Y =  .
1 4  -3 2   2 x 2 z   3 3  9 15
    
 2 y 2t   0 6  12 18
 1 0
Y  
R
Sol. 3 2   2 x  3 2 z  3  9 15 
   
We are given that  2 y  0 2t  6  12 18 
E
 1 0  2x  3  9 2 y  12
2X  Y  
3 2 
 2x  6 y6
IT

3 2   1 0  2 z 3 15 2t 6 18

 2X   
 1 4  3 2 
 2 z 18 2t 12
 1 0 3 2 Hence, x = 3, y = 6, z = 9, t = 6
P

 2X   
3 2   1 4 

2 2   2  -1 10 

JU

 2X   Q.11 If x  + y   =   , then find the

4 2   3 1  5 
values x and y.
1 2 2 
 X    2 1 10 
2 4 2  x  y   
Sol.
 3  1  5
 -1 -1
Hence, X = 
 -2 -1  2 x   y  10 
     
 3x   y   5 
 1 3   y 0  5 6
Q9. Find x and y, if 2  +  = .
 0 x   1 2  1 8  2 x  y  10 
   
1 3  y 0  5 6
 3x  y   5 
Sol. 2   
 0 x   1 2 1 8
2x y  0
 3x  y  0

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

 5x 15 on additon  cos x  sin x 0 
x 13  
Sol. F x  sin x cos x 0 ,
 3 3 y  5  0
 0 1

 y  4
 cos y  sin y 0 
Hence, x = 3 and y = -4.  
 F y  sin y cos y 0

 0 0 01

Q12.Given

x y  x 6   4 x y  L.H.S = F x . F y 
3    
z 2  1 2w   z  w 3 

IX
 cos x sin x 0 
find the value of x, y, z and w.  
=  sin x cos x 0 .
x y  x 6   4 x y  
 0 0 1
Sol. 3    
z 2  1 2w   z  w 3 

FL
L.H.S. = F x . F y 
3x 3 y   x  4 6 x  y 
 
  3 z 3w  1 z  w 2 w 3 
  cos x  sin x 0   cos y sin y 0 
    
=  sin x cos x 0 .  sin y cos y 0

 0 0 01
 
 0 0 01

 3x  x  4
R
 2x  4  cos x cos y  sin x sin y sin y cos x  sin x cos y 0 
 
x2 =  sin x cos y  cos x sin y sin x sin y  cos x cos y 0 

E

 0 0 1
and 3 y  6 x  y
 cos x  y  sin x  y  0 
 2 y  x6  
IT

=  sin x  y  cos x  y  0 

 0 0 1
 2 y  2 6

 2y 8 = F x  y  = R.H.S.
P

y4 Hence, the result.


Also, 3w  2w3 Q14.Show that
JU

 w 3
 5 1 2 1   2 1  5 1
Again, 3z 1 z  w (i)     
 6 7  3 4   3 4  6 7 
 2 z 13
 1 2 3 1 1 0 
 2 z  2  z 1   
(ii)  0 1 0  0 1 1 
Hence, x=2, y = 4, z= 1, w = 3 
1 1 0 
 2 3 4

1 1 0  1 2 3 
 cos x  sin x 0    
   0 1 1  0 1 0 
Q.13 F x  sin x cos x 0 , then show that 
 2 3 4 
 1 1 0 

 0
 0 1
 5 1 2 1 
F x . F y  F x  y . Sol. (i) L.H.S. =   
 6 7  3 4 

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

  10  3 5  4   7 1  21  0  3  1  0   2 0 1   1 0 0 
    
   2  1  1  3  3  0  5 2 1 3 6 0 1 0 
12  21 6  28   33 34     1 1 0 
1  1  13  00   
0 0 1 

 2 1  5 1
R.H.S. =   =  4  0 1 001 20 0 
 3 4  6 7   
=  423 0 1 3 2  3 0  5

 2  2  0 0 1 0 1 30 

 10  6 2  7  16 5 
  
15  24 3 28   39 25
 2 0 1  1 0 0
Hence, L.H.S.  R.H.S    
 2 1 3 6  0 1 0 

 1 1 0 
 0 0 1 
 1 2 31 1 0 
  

IX
(ii) L.H.S. =  0 1 0  0 1 1   5 1 2  10 0 5   6 0 0 
 1 1 0 
  2 3 4      
=  9 2 5 10 5 15  0 6 0 
11 20  3  2 11 213 3 10 2 1 3 4  
 0 1 2 
 
 5 5 0 
 
0 0 6
 
=  011002 01110 3 10 110 4 

FL

11  1  0 0 2 1 1110 3 1  0  1 1  0 4 

 5 10  6 1 0  0 2  5  0 
 10 6 1 2  9 0  2 12   5 8 14 
 
    =  9 10  0 2  5  6 5 15  0 
0  0  0 0 1 0 0 1  0  0 1 1 
=     0  5  0 1 5  0 2  0  6 


1 0  0 11 0 0 1 0   
1 0 1 
R
1 1 0  1 2 3 
 1 1 3 
    
R.H.S. =  0 1 1  0 1 0  = 1 1 10  Hence, the result.
 2
 3 4  
 1 1 0  
5 4 4 
E
110 0  2 1211 01 1310 0 0 
 
=  011011 02 1111 03 1010 

 2130 41 2 231 41 2330 40   1 0 2
IT


 
Q16.If A =  0 2 1 , prove that
1  0 0 21 0 3 00  1 1 3  
     2 0 3
=  0  0 1 0 11 0  0  0  1 0 0 
 2  0  4 4  3 4 6  0  0 
  
 6 11 6 

A 3 - 6A 2 + 7A + 2I = 0
P

Hence, L.H.S.  R.H.S.

 1 0 2
 2 0 1  
JU

  Sol. A   0 2 1 
2
Q15.Find A - 5A +61 , if =  2 1 3 . 
 2 0 3
 1 -1 0 
 
 1 0 2  1 0 2 
 2 0 1  2 0 1  
2  
2    A  0 2 1  0 2 1 
Sol. A  5A6I  2 1 3  2 1 3  5 
 2 0 3 
 2 0 3 

 1 1 0 
 
 1 1 0 
 1 0  4 0  0  0 2  0  6 
2 0 1 1 0 0   
    =  0 0  2 0 4 0 0 2  3
 2 1 3  60 1 0 
 2  0 6 0 0  0 4 09  
 1 1 0 
  
0 0 1

5 0 8 
 2  2  0  2  1 1 2 0  0  1  11  

=  2  2  1  2  3 1 2  0 1  1 3 1 = 2 4 5 

1  2   1 2  0  1 1  0  11  01  8 0 13
 

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

  5 0 8  1 0 2   3 -2  1 0
   Q17. If A =   and I =  , then find k so
Now, A3  A 2 A  2 4 5  0 2 1   4 -2  0 1

 8 0 13

2 0 3  that A 2 =kA- 2I .

 5  0 16 0  0  0 10  0  24   3 2  1 0
  Sol. Given : A  4 2 , I  0 1 
   
=  2  0 10 0  8  0 4  4 15 

 8  0  26 0  0  0 16  0  39 
 Required : To find the value of k.
Now A2  kA2I
 21 0 34 
 
12 8 23  3 2  3 2   3 2   1 0 
=    k   2 

IX
 34 0 55 
    4 2  4 2   4 2   0 1 

 9  8 6  4   3k 2k   2 0 
 21 0 34   5 0 8     
     12  8 8 4   4k 2k   0 2 
12 8 23 6 2 4 5  7

FL
=

 34 0 5  
 8 0 13
  1 2   3k  2 2k 
   
 4 4   4k 2k  2 
 1 0 2  1 0 0 
     3k  2 1  k 1
 0 2 1  2  0 1 0 

 2 0 3  0 0 1
R
 Hence, k = 1.

 21 0 34   30 0 48
   
E
 α
= 12 8 23 12 24 30   0 -tan 

 34 0 55 
 
 48 0 78 
  2
Q18. If A = and I is the identify
 α 
tan 0 
IT


 2 
 7 0 14   2 0 0 
   
 0 14 7  0 2 0  matrix of order 2, show that I + A = I - A 
14 0 21
  0 0 2
  
 cosα -sinα 
P

 
 sinα cosα 
 21 30  7  2 0  0 0 0
 Sol. We may write
 12 12  0  0 8  24 14  2
JU

=

 34  48 14  0 0  0  0  0  
1 tan 2 
2
cos  
34  4814  0   
 1 tan 
23  30  7  0  2
55  78  21 2 

1 t 2 
= 2 , where
tan  t
1 tan 2
 0 0 0
 
=  0 0 0  0  R.H.S.  

 0 0 0 2 tan 
2 2t
and sin   
   1 t 2 
Hence Result 1  tan 2 
2

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

  1 0   0 t  1 t  2,10,000
Now, I  A    
0 1  t 0   t 1  1,80,000
30,000
 1 0   0 t   1 t 
and I A    
 0 1   t 0  t 1  2 x  2,10,000  1,80,000

 2 x  30,000
 cos  sin  
 I A  
 sin  cos    x  15,000
Hence the trust invests Rs.15,000 in 5% p.a. and
 1 t 2  2t 
  another Rs. 30,000 15000 = Rs.15,000 in 7%
 1 t  1 t  1 t 2 
2

IX
p.a.
   
t 1 2t 1 t 2   5% 
 1 t 2  1 t 2  (b) Now x, 30,000  x   2000
  7% 

FL
5 7
 1 t 2 2t 2 2t t 1 t 2    x  30,000  x   2000
 2    100 100
 1 t 1 t 2 1 t 2 1 t 2 
 

t 1 t 2  2t 2t 1 t 2   5 x  2,10,000  7 x  2,00,000
 
 1 t

2
1 t 2 1 t 2  1 t 2   2 x  2,10,000  2,00,000
R
 2 x  10,000
1 t 
    I  A   x  5,000
t 1 
E
Hence the trust invests Rs.5,000 in 5% p.a. bonds and
 cos  sin   Rs. 30,000  5,000 or Rs.25,000 in 7% p.a. bonds.
Hence, I A   I  a 
 sin  cos  
IT

Q20. The book-shop of a particular school has 10

Q19. A trust fund has Rs.30,000 that must be dozen Chemistry books, 8 dozen Physics
invested in two different types of bonds. The books, 10 dozen Economics books. Their
P

first bond pays 5% interest per year and the selling price are Rs.80, Rs.60 and Rs.40 each
second bond pays 7% interest per year. Using respectively. Find the total amount the book-
shop will receive from selling all the books
JU

matrix multiplication, determine how to divide

Rs.30,000 among the two types of bonds, if using matrix algebra.
the trust fund must obtain an annual total Sol. Number of Chemistry books
interest of (a) Rs.1800, (b) Rs.2000. = 10 dozen books = 120 books
Sol. Let the trust invests Rs.x in 5% bonds and then Number of Physics books
the trust invests Rs. 30,000  n  in 7% p.a. = 8 dozen books = 96 books
Number of Economics books
 5% 
(a) Now x 30,000  x    1800 = 10 dozen books = 120 books
 7% 

x 5 7  80 
  30,000  x   1800 Now 120 96 120  60 
100 100  

 40 

 5 x  2,10,000  7 x  180,000

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

 = 120  80  96  60  120  40

= 9,600  5,760  480

= Rs. 20,160
Hence, total amount received = Rs.20,160.

Q21. Assuming x, y, z, w and p are the matrices of

order 2  n, 3  k, 2  p, n  3 and
p  k respectively. Now answer the following
questions.
(i) The restrictions on n, k and p so that py + wy

IX
will be defined are
(A) k = 3, p = n (B) k is arbitrary, p = 2
(C) p ps arbitrary, k = 3 (D) k = 2, p = 3.

FL
(ii) If n = p, then the order of the mattrix 7x - 5z
is :
(A) p2 (B) 2  n

(C) n3 (D) p  n

R
Sol. Given x2n , y3k , Z 2 p , Wn3 , Ppk

Now py  wy  p pk  y3k  wn3  y3k

E
Clearly, k  3 and p n
IT

Hence, correct option is A p  2 .

(ii) 7 x 5 z  7 x2n 5 x2 p

We can add two matrices if their order is same
P

 n p

 Order of 7 x  5 z is 2  n .
JU

Hence, option (B) is correct 2  n .

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

 SOLVED NCERT EXERCISE – 3
Q1. Find the transpose of each of the following
1 4 2 1 3 5 
matrices :  
=  5 1 7  2 9  0 
 5 
 2 1 1 3 11  
   1 1
1
(i)   (ii)  2 3 
 
 2 5 3 2 
1  
 
=  6 9 9 

1 4 2 
 1 5 6 
 
(iii)  3 5 6  1 5 2 

IX
 2 3 1  
  Now A '  2 7 1 
 3 9 1 
 
 5
 
1 4 1 1
Sol. (i) Let A =  

FL
 2  
1 and B'  1 2 3
  5 0 1
 
 1 
 Transpose of A A ' 

5 1
 5 6 1
2  
L.H.S. = A  B'  3 9 4 
R
 1 1 
(ii) Let A =  2 3  2 9 2 

 
R.H.S. = A'  B'
E
 1 2
 Transpose of A A '  
1 3  1 5 2  4 1 1 
   
 2 7 1    1 2 3
IT

 1 5 6  =
   3 9 1 
   
5 0 1 
(iii) Let A =  3 5 6 
 2 3 1
  1 4 51 2 1
 
P

=  2 1 7  2 1 3 
 1 5 6   3  5 9  0 11 
   
 3 5 6
 Transpose of A A '  
JU


 2 3 1 5 6 1
 
=  3 9 4
 -1 2 3   -4 1 -5  
    2 9 2 

Q2. If A = 5 7 9  and B = 1 2 0 , then
 -2 1 1 
  1 3 1
  Hence A + B' = A' + B'
verify that :
1 2 3  4 1 5
(i) A B'  A ' B'    
(ii) A  B  5 7 9    1 2 0 

2 1 1 
   1 3 1 

(ii) A  B'  A '  B'

1 2 3 4 1 5  1 4 2 1 3 5 

Sol. (i)      
A B  5 7 9   1 2 0  =  5 1 7  2 9  0 
2 1 1 
   
 1 3 1  2 1 1 3 11 
 

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

  3 1 8 2 1 1
  =  
5 4 4
=  4 5 9

3 2 0 

2 5
 
 3 4 3  L.H.S. = A  B'  1 4 
  
1 4 
L.H.S. = A B'  1 5 2 
8 9 0 
 
 3 4  2 5 
   
R.H.S. = A'  B' R.H.S. = A '  B' 1 2    1 4 

 0 1  1 4 
1 5 2  4 1 1

IX
   
=  2 7 1    1 2 3 Hence, A  B'  A '  B'

 3 9 1  5 0 1

 3 1 0  1 2 1
(ii) A  B  4 2  
1 4 5 1 2 1  1  1 2 3

FL
 
=  2 1 7  2 1 3   3  1 1 2 0 1

 3 5 9  0 11  =  
 4 1 2 2 1 3

 3 4 3   4 3 1
   
 1 5 2  =
R
= 3 0 2 
8 9 0 
 
 4 3 
Hence, A - B ' = A' - B'  
E
L.H.S. = A  B'  3 0 

1 2 

 3 4
   -1 2 1 
B =
IT

Q3. If A' =  -1 2  and  , then

 1 2 3  3 4  1 1 

 0 1     
R.H.S. = A '  B  1 2   2 2 
verify that  0 1
   1 3
A  B'  A '  B'
P

(i)
 31 4 1   4 3 
(ii) A  B'  A '  B'    
= 1 2 2  2   3 0 
JU


 0 1 1 3   1 2 

 3 4
   3 1 0
Sol. A ' 1 2   A  
4 2 1 Hence, A + B ' = A' - B'

 0 1

1 1  -2 3   -1 0 
1 2 1   Q4. If A' =   and B = 
Now B     B'   2 2  1 2  , then find
1 2 3  1 2

1 3

A + 2B ' .
 3 1 0  1 2 1
(i) Now A  B      2 3  2 1 
4 2 1  1 2 3 Sol. A '     A  
 1 2  3 2
 3 1 1  2 0 1
  1 0 
=  4 1 2  2 1 3  B  
Also  1 2

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

 2 1  1 0  1 4 3
Now A  2B   2    
 3 2  1 2 L.H.S. = AB'  2 8 6 

 1 4 3 

2 1  1 0 
=    
 3 2  2 4 1
 
R.H.S. = B'A '  2 1 4 3
2  2 1 0 
=   
 1
 3 2 2  4 

 4 1 11 14 1 3 

=    
 5 6 =  21 2  4 2  3 
 14 1 3 

IX
 11 
 -4 5 
Hence, A + 2B ' =  
 1 6 1 4 3
 
=  2 8 6 

FL

 1 4 3 

Q5. For the matrices A and B, verify that
AB'+ B'A' , where Hence, AB ' = B'A'
 1  0
   
(i) A 4 , B  1 2 1 (ii) A  1 , B  1 5 7 
R
 3 
  
2 

0 1
E
   
(ii) A  1 , B  1 5 7  A ' 0 1 2 and B'  5 
2
  7
 
IT

 1  0
   
Sol. (i) A 4   A '  1 4 3 Now AB  1  1 5 7 

 3 
  2
 
P

1  0 1 0  5 0  7
   
B  1 2 1  B'  2 
JU

and =  1 1 1 7 1 7 

1  
 2  1 2  5 2 7 


 1  0 0 0 
   
AB  4  1 2 1 = 1 5 7 

 3 
 
 2 10 14 


1  1 1 2 11  0 1 2 

   
=  4 1 42 4 1  L.H.S. = AB'  0 5 10 
 3 1
 3 2 31  
 0 7 14 


1 2 1  1
   
=  4 8 4  R.H.S. = B'A '  5  0 1 2

3 6 3 
 7
 

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

  1 0 11 1 2   1 -1 5 
   
5  0 5 1 5  2 Q7. (i) Show that the matrix A =  -1 2 1  is
= 

 7  0 7  1 7  2
  5 1 3 
a symmetric matrix.
0 1 2 
   0 1 -1
=  0 5 10   
 0 7 14  (ii) Show that the matrix A =  -1 0 1  is
 

 1 -1 0 

Hence, AB ' = B'A' a skew-symmetric matrix.

 1 1 5  1 1 5

IX
   
 cosα sinα  Sol. (i) A 1 2 1   A ' 1 2 1 
Q6. If (i) A =   , then verify that
 -sinα cosα  
5 1 3 
 5 1 3
A'A = I .
We see that A  A'

FL
 cos  sin   Hence, A is a symmetric matrix.
Sol. (i) A  
sin  cos  
 0 1 1  0 1 1 
 cos  sin      
A '  (ii) A 1 0 1  A ' 1 0 1
  
 sin  cos    1 1 0 
 
 1 1 0 

R
 cos  sin   cos  sin   0 1 1
L.H.S. = A 'A  
 sin  cos  sin  cos  
  
 A ' 1 0 1  A
E
 1 1 0 
 
 2 2
cos  sin  cos  sin  sin  cos  
=  
 sin  cos  cos  sin  sin 2  cos 2   A'  A

IT

1 0 Hence, A is a skew-symmetric matrix.

=   I
0 1
Hence, A'A = I 1 5
P

Q8. For the matrix, A =  , verify that

6 7
 sin  cos    sin  cos  
(ii) A    A '
cos  sin    (i) A  A ' is a symmetric matrix
 cos  sin  
JU

 sin  cos   (ii) A  A ' is a skew-symmetric matrix.

L.H.S. = A 'A 
 cos  sin  

1 5 1 6
Sol. A   A '  
 sin  cos   6 7 5 7
 
cos  sin  
1 5   1 6
(i) A  A '   
 sin 2  cos 2  sin  cos  cos  sin   6 7 5 7
=  cos  sin  sin  cos  cos 2  sin 2 

 
 11 5 6   2 11
=   
1 0  6  5 7  7  11 14 
=   I
0 1
 2 11  2 11
Let z    z ' 
Hence, A'A = I 11 14  11 14 

 z'  z

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

 Hence, z or A  A ' is a skew-symmetric
 0 a b   0 a b 
matrix.    
Again A  A ' a 0 c  a 0 c 
 1 5 1 6  b c 0 
(ii) A  A '      
b c 0
6 7 5 7
 00 a a b b
 11 5  6   0 1  
=    = a  a 0  0 c  c 
 6 5 7  7  1 0 

b  b c  c 0  0 

 0 1  0 1
Let z    z'    0 2a 2b 
1 0  1 0 
 
= 2a 0 2c 

IX
 0 1 
2b 2c 0 
 z '   z
1 0 
 0 2a 2b 
Hence, z or A  A ' is a skew-symmetric matrix 1 1 
Thus, A  A ' 2a 0 2c 
2 2

FL

2b 2c 0 
1 1
Q9. Find A + A' and A  A' , when
2 2  0 a b
 
 0 a b =  -a 0 c 
   -b -c 0 
A =  -a 0 c .  
R

 -b -c 0 


Q10. Express the following matrices as the sum

 0 a b
E
  of a symmetric and a skew-symmetric matrix.
Sol. A a 0 c 

b c 0 
  6 2 2 
3 5   
IT

(i)   (ii) 2 3 1

 1 1 
 0 a b   2 1 3 

 
A '  a 0 c 

b c 0  3 3 1
P

   1 5
(iii) 2 2 1  (v)  
1 2 
 0 a b   0 a b  4 5 2 
 
   
JU

A  A ' a 0 c  a 0 c 

b c 0 
  
b c 
0  3 5 
Sol. (i) Let A =  
 1 1
 00 a a b  b
  3 1 
= a  a 0  0 c  c   A '  
b  b c  c 0  0   5 1
 
1 1
0 0 0 We know that A  A  A  A  A '
2 2
 
= 0 0 0 1

0 0 0
 wher e A  A' is symmetric and
2

1 1  0 0 0  0 0 0
1
A  A '  A  A' is skew - symmetric.
    2
2 2  0 0 0  0 0 0

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

 3 5   3 1   12 4 4 
A  A '    
 1 1  5 1  
= 4 6 2 

 4 2 6 
 3 3 51   6 6 
=    
 1 5 11  6 2 
 12 4 4 
1 1 
1 1 6 6   3 3   A  A ' 4 6 2 
A  A '    2 2

 2 2 6 2   3 1  4 2 6 

3 5  3 1   6 2 2 
Again, A  A '     
 1 1  5 1
= 2 3 1

IX
 2 1 3 
 
 3 3 5 1   0 4 
=   
 1 5 11 4 0 
 6 2 2   6 2 2 
   
Now, A  A ' 2 3 12 3 1
1 1 0 4   0 2 

FL
 A  A '     2 1 3 
   
 2 1 3 
2 24 0  2 0 

 3 3   0 2  6  6 2  2 2  2 
Hence, A = +   
 3 -1  -2 0  = 2  2 3  3 11

 2  2 11 3 3  
R
 6 2 2 
 
(ii) Let A = 2 3 1 0 0 0
 2 1 3   
  0 0 0
E
=

0 0 0

 6 2 2 
 
IT

 A ' = 2 3 1  12 4 4 

 1  
 2 1 3 
  A  A ' 4 6 2 
2 2

 4 2 6 
We know that
P

1 1  6 2 2 
A A '  A ' A  A ' where
2 2  
= 2 3 1
JU

1  2 1 3 
 
A  A' is a symmetr ic matrix and
2
1  6 2 2   6 2 2 
A  A' is a skew-symmetric matrix.    
2 Now, A  A '2 3 12 3 1
 2 1 3 
   
 2 1 3 
 6 2 2   6 2 2 
   
 A  A ' 2 3 12 3 1
 6  6 2  2 2  2 
 2 1 3 
  2 1 3 
    
= 2  2 3  3 11

 2  2 11 3 3  
 6 6 2  2 22 
 
= 2  2 3 3 1 1
0 0 0

 2 2 1 1 3 3   
= 0 0 0

0 0 0


SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

 0 0 0  0 0 0  0 5 3
1 1    1 1 
 A  A '  0 0 0  0 0 0   A  A ' 5 0 6 
2 2 2 2

0 0 0  
 0 0 0 
3 6 0 


Hence,
 6 -2 2   0 0 0 
   
Hence, A =  -2 3 -1 +  0 0 0   6 1 5   0 5 3
 2 -1 3 
   1   
 0 0 0 A   1 4 4  5 0 6 
2
5 4 4 
   
3 6 0 
 3 3 1
 
(iii) Let A 2 2 1   1 -5   5 3
3 2   0
2

IX
4 5 2 
  2  2
 
1   -5 
or A = -2 -2  +  0 3
 3 2 4  2 2
     
 A '   3 2 5   -5 -2 2 
-3
-3 0
2  2 

FL

1 1 2 
  

 3 3 1  3 2 4   1 5
    (iv) Let A =  
1 2 
A  A '  2 2 1  3 2 5 

4 5 2 
 
1 1 2
R
 1 5
 A' =  
1 2 
 3 3 3 2 1 4 
  We know that
2  3 2  2 1 5 
E
=

 4 1 5 1 2  2 
 1 1
A  A  A ' A  A ' where
2 2
IT

 6 1 5 
  1 1
A  A ' is symmetric and A  A ' is skew-
=  1 4 4  2 2
5 4 4 
  symmetric.
P

 6  1 5   1 1
1 5  A  A '   
1 1  1 2   5 2 
 A  A '  1 4 4 
2 2
5 4 4 
JU

   11 5 1   2 4 
=   
1 5 2  2   4 4 
 3 3 1  3 2 4 
   
Again, A  A ' 2 2 1  3 2 5  1 1 2 4 
 A  A '  
4 5 2 
 
1 1 2  2 2 4 4 

 3 3 3 3 1 4   1 2
  =  
 2 2
= 2  3 2  2 1 5 

 4 1 5 1 2  2 

 1 5   1 1
Again, A  A '   
1 2   5 2 
 0 5 3
 
= 5 0 6   11 5 1   0 6 

3 6 0 
 =   
1 5 2  2  6 0 

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

 (iii) Now
1 1 0 6   0 3 
 A  A '   
2 26 0  3 0   cos  sin    cos  sin  
A  A '    
 sin  cos   sin  cos  
1 2  0 3
Hence, A = + 
 2 2   -3 0   2cos  0  1 0
=   I  
 0 2 cos    0 1 

Q11. Choose the correct answer in the following  2cos   1

questions :
(i) If A, B are symmetric matrices of same 
 cos  
order then AB - BA is a 2
(A) Skew-symmetric matrix

IX

(B) Symmetric matrix  
3
(C) Zero matrix Thus option (B) is correct.
(D) Identity matrix.

FL
(ii) Suppose A is a symmetric matrix of
integers with zeroes on the main
diagonals. Then, the sum of the entries
of A must be an
(A) Integers (B) Odd integers
R
(C) Even integer
(D) Irrational.
E
 cosα -sinα 
(iii) If A = 
 sinα cosα 
, then A + A' = I , If

the value of α is
IT

 
(A) (B)
6 3
P


(C)  (D)
2
Sol. Now, A' A, B'  B
JU

(i) AB  BA'  AB'  BA '

= B'A'  A'B'
= BA  AB

= AB BA 

AB  BA is skew-symmetric matrix.
Hence, option (A) is correct.

 0 3
(ii) Let A =   be the given symmetric matrix.
 3 0

Now sum of entries of 0  3  3 0  6 which is

an even integer.
Hence, option (C) given integer is correct.

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

 SOLVED NCERT EXERCISE – 4
Q1. Find the inverse of the following matrices, if
 2 1
it exists using elementary row (ii) Let A =  1 1
 
transformations.

 1 1  2 1  2 1  1 0 
(i)   (ii)      A
2 3   1 1  1 1  0 1 

 1 3  2 3 1 0   1 1
(iii)   (iv)      A R1  R1  R 2
 2 7 5 7 1 1   0 1 

 2 1  2 5  1 0   1 1
 

IX
(v)  7 4  (vi)  1 3   A R 2  R 2 R 1
     0 1  1 2 

3 1  4 5  1 -1
Hence, A -1 =  
(vii)  
5 2
(viii)  
 3 4  -1 2 

FL
 3 10   3 1  1 3
(ix)   (x)   (iii) Let A =  
2 7  4 2   2 7

We know that A  IA
 2 6   6 3
(xi)   (xii)  
R
 1 2  2 1   1 3 1 0 
   A
2 7 0 1
 2 3  2 1
(xiii)1 2  (xiv)  4 2 
E
     1 3  1 0 
     A, R 2  R 2  2R 1
 0 1  2 1 
 1 1
Sol. (i) Let A =  2 3 
IT

   1 0   7 3
     A, R 2  R 3R 2
We know that A  IA  0 1  2 1 

 1 1  1 0   7 -3 
P

  A Hence, A -1 

2 3  0 1  -2 1 

 1 1  1 0   2 3
JU

  0 5 2 1  A, R 2  R 2  2R 1 (iv) Let A =  5 7 

     

 1 0  2 3 1 0 
 1 1   1
   2 1  A, R 2  R 2   A
0 1   5  5 7 0 1
 5 5
 2 3  1 0 
 3 1    A, R 2  R 2  2R 1
 1 1 2 1 
1 0  5 
5
    A, R 1  R 1  R 2
 0 1   2 1 1 2   3 1
 5
 
5      A, R1  R 1 R 2
1 1  2 1 

3 1  1 2   3 1
     A, R 2  R 2  R 1
5 5  0 1 5 2 
Hence, A -1 = 
 -2 1

5 5


SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

  1 2   3 1 3 1
    A, R 2   R 2 (vii) Let A =  
5 2
 0 1   5 2 
We know that A = IA
 1 0  7 3 
    A, R 1  R 1  2R 2 3 1 1 0
 0 1   5 2 
  A
5 2 0 1
 -7 3 
Hence, A -1 =    3 1  1 0 
 5 -2 
    A, R 2  R 2  R 1
 2 1 1 1 
 2 1
(v) Let A =    1 0   2 1
 7 4
    A, R 1  R 1  R 2

IX
 2 1  1 1 
We know that A = IA
 1 0   2 1
 2 1   1 0     A, R 2  R 2 2R 1
   A  0 1  5 3 
 7 4   0 1

FL
 2 1
 2 1  1 0  Hence, A1  
   A, R 2  R 2  3R 1 5 3 
 1 1 3 1 
 4 5
1 0   4 1 (viii) Let A =  
    A, R 1  R 1  R 2  3 4
R
1 1  3 1 
We know that A = IA
 1 0   4 1
   A, R 2  R 2  R1  4 5 1 0
E
 0 1  7 2    A
 3 4 0 1 
 4 -1
Hence, A -1 =    1 1   1 1
IT

1 3      A, R 1  R1  R 2
3 4  0 1 
 2 5
(vi) Let A =    1 1  1 1
 1 3     A, R 2  R 2  3R 1
 0 1 3 4 
P

We know that A = IA
 1 0   4 5 
 2 5  1 0     A, R 1  R 1  R 2
JU

 0 1  3 4 
  A
 1 3  0 1 
 4 5 
1 2   1 1 Hence A1 
3 4 
   A, R 1  R 1  R 2
1 3   0 1 
 3 10 
 1 2   1 1 (ix) Let A  
2 7 
   A, R 2  R 2  R 1
 0 1  1 2 
We know that A = IA
 1 0   3 5  3 10   1 0 
    A, R 1  R1  2R 2   A
 0 1  1 2  2 7  0 1

 3 -5   1 3   1 1
Hence, A -1 =  
 -1 2      A, R1  R 1  R 2
 2 7  0 1 

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

  1 3  1 1 1 4   1 1
    A, R 2  R 2  2R1     A, R 1  R 1 R 2
 0 1  2 3  1 2   0 1 

 1 0   7 10   1 4   1 1
    A, R 1  R 1  3R 2     A, R 2  R 2 R 1
 0 1  2 3   0 2  1 2 

 7 -10   1 0  1 3 
Hence, A -1 =       A, R 1  R 1  2R 2
 -2 3   0 2  1 2 

 3 1  1 3
(x) Let A   1 0   1
4 2   1  A, R1  R1
 
0 1 1 2

IX
We know that A = IA  2 

 3 1  1 0   -1 3 
   A
4 2   0 1  Hence, A =  -1
-1 
 1

FL
2 
1 1   1 1
    A, R 1  R 1 R 2
4 2   0 1  6 3 
(xii) Let A  
2 1 
 1 1 1 1
    A, R 1  R 1 We know that A = IA
4 2   0 1
R
 6 3   1 0 
 1 1 1 1    A
   A, R 2  R 2  4R 1 2 1   0 1 
 0 2  4 3
E
 0 0   1 3
 1 1 1 1     A, R 1  R 1 3R 2
  A, R 2   R 2 2 1   0 1 
 
0 2   4 3
IT

As we get all zeroes in the first row of L.H.S.

1 1  The inverse of the matrix does not exist.
 1 1   1
   3  A, R 2  R1  2 3 
0 1  2 2
 2 A  
P

(xiii) Let
1 2 

 1 We know that A = IA
1 0 1 
JU

2  2 3  1 0 
   A, R 1  R 1  R 2
0 1  3     A
 2  1 2   0 1 
 2
 1 1  1 1
 1     A, R 1  R1  R 2
1  1 2   0 1
-1 2
Hence, A =
 3  1 1 1 1 
 2 
 2     A, R 2  R 2 R 1
 0 1  1 2 

 2 6   1 0  2 3
(xi) Let A  
 1 2      A, R 1  R 1 R 2
 0 1   1 2
We know that A = IA
 2 3
 2 6   1 0  Hence, A -1 =  
1 2
  1 2  0 1 A
   

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

 2 1  0 5 6   1 1 0 
(xiv) Let A      
4 2  0 10 5  0 3 2 A, R 1  R 3
 1 4 1
  
 0 1 1 

We know that A = IA

 2 1   1 0  1 4 1  0 1 1
   A    
4 2 0 1  0 10 5  0 3 2 A, R 3  R 2

 0 5 0 
 
 1 1 0 

 2 1   1 0
     A, R 2  R 2 2R 1  1 4 1  0 1 1
 0 0 0 1
   
As zeroes appear in the second row of the matrix  0 5 0  1 1 0 A

 0 10 5 
 
 0 3 2 

in L.H.S. therefore the given matrix A has no

IX
inverse. R 3  2R 2  R 3

 1 4 1  0 1 1
[Question 15 - 17]    
 0 5 0  1 1 0 A , R 2   R 2

FL
Q2. Find the inverse of the following matrices if it

0 0 5 
 2 1 2 

exists using elementary row transformations
:
 1 4 1  0 1 1
   
 2 3 3   1 3 2  0 5 0 1 1 0 A
    0 0
(i)  2 2 3  (ii) 3 0 5   5 
2 
1 2 
R
 3 2 2 
   2 5 0 
 
1 1
R 2  R 2 and R 3  R 3
5 5
 2 0 1
E
 
(iii)  5 1 0   

0 1 3   0 1 1 
 1 4 1  
IT

   1 1
0 1 0  0 A
 2 3 3   5 5 
  0 0
 1  
A  2 2 3   2 1 2 
Sol. (i) Let
  5 5 5 
 3 2 2 

P

We know that A = IA R 1  4R 2  R 1
JU

 2 3 3   1 0 0   4 1 
     5  5 1 
 2 2 3   0 1 0 A  1 0 1  
 3 2 2 
  
0 0 1     1 1 
 0 1 0  5 5 0 A

0 0 1   
R1  R 2  R1  2 1 2 
 5
 5 
5 
 0 5 0   1 1 0 
   
 2 2 3  0 1 0 A, R 3  R 2  R 3 R 1  R 3  R1

 3 2 2 
 
0 0 1 
 2 3 
 0 5 0   1 1 0   0
    1 0 0  5 5 

 2 2 3 0 1 0 A, R 2  2R 3  R 3    1 1 
 1 4 1 
   
 0 1 1   0 1 0   5 5
0 A

0 0 1  
 2 1 2 

 5 5 5 


SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

  -2 3  1 0 10  5 0 3
5 0    
 5  0 1 4 2 0 1A
-1  -1 1  
 0 0 25  
 15 1 9 

Hence, A = 0
5 5
 
2 1 -2  1
5
 5 5 R  R3
25 3

 1 3 2   
   1 0 10   5 0 3
A  3 0 5 
(ii) Let    

 2 5 0   0 1 4   2 0 1A
0 0
 1   15 

IX
We know that A = IA  1 9 
 25 
 1 3 2   1 0 0 
    R1  10R 3  R1
3 0 5    0 1 0  A

FL

 2 5 0   0 0 1 
 2 3 
1 0 0   1 5

5 
R 2  3R 1  R 2   
 0 1 4  2 0 1 A
 1 3 2   1 0 0    
 0 0 1   3 1 9 
    
 5 25 25 
 0 9 11   3 1 0  A
R
2 5 0 
   0 0 1 
R 2  4R 3  R 2
R 3  2R 1  R 3
E
 2 3 
 1 3 2   1 0 0   1 5 5 
    1 0 0  
 0 9 1 3 1 0 A
IT

   2 4 11 
 0 1 4 
   
2 0 1   0 1 0   5 25 25 
A

0 0 1   
 3 1 9 
R1  3R 3  R1 
 5 25 25 

P

 1 0 10  5 0 3

   
 0 9 11 3 1 0 A  -2 -3 
1 5
JU


 0 1 4  
2 0 1 
 5
 
-1  -2 4 11 
Hence A =
R2  R3 5 25 25 
 
 -3 1 9
 1 0 10  5 0 3 5
 25 
25 
   
 0 1 4 2 0 1  A

 0 9 11 
 3 1 0  2 0 1
 
R 3  9R 2  R 3 (iii) Let A  5 1 0 

0 1 3 
 1 0 10   5 0 3
   
 0 1 4  2 0 1  A  2 0 1  1 0 0 

0 0 25 
 
15 1 9 
    
 5 1 0   0 1 0 A R1  R 2
R 2  R 2 0 1 3 
  0 0 1 

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

 Q18. Choose the correct answer in the following
 5 1 0   0 1 0
    question :
2 0 1 1 0 0 A
  Matrices A and B will be inverse of each

0 1 3  
 0 0 1 other only if
R1  2R 2  R1 (A) AB = BA (B) AB = BA = 0
(C) AB = ), BA = 1 (D) AB = BA = 1.
 1 1 2  2 1 0 
    Sol. Choice (D) is correct
2 0 1  1 0 0 A
  i.e. AB = BA = 1

0 1 3   0 0 1

R 2 2R1  R 2

IX
1 1 2  2 1 0 
   
0 2 5  5 2 0 A
 

0 1 3 
 
 0 0 1

R2  R2

FL
 1 1 2  2 1 0 
   
0 2 5 5 2 0 A
 

 0 1 3 
 0 0 1
R
R 2  R3  R 2

 1 1 2  2 1 0 
   
E
 0 1 2  5 2 1A

 0 1 3  0 0 1
IT

R1  R 2  R1

 1 0 0   3 1 1 
   
 0 1 2 5 2 1A
P


 0 1 3 
 0 0 1

R3 R 2  R 3
JU

 1 0 0   3 1 1
   
 0 1 2 5 2 1A
0 1 3
   
 5 2 2 

R 2 2R 3  R 2

 1 0 0   3 1 1
   
 0 1 0 15 6 3 A
 0 0 1
   
 5 2 2 

 3 -1 -1
-1  
Hence A =  -15 6 3 
 5 -2 2 
 

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

 SOLVED NCERT EXERCISE – (MISCELLANEOUS)
0 1
Ex.1 Let A =  , show that  311 311 311  1 1 1
0 0    
A1  311 311 311 1 1 1  A
n
aI + bA  =an + I + nan-1 where I is the 
3
11
311 311  1 1 1
  

identity matrix of order 2 and n  N.

Thus P 1 is true.
Sol. We shall prove the result by mathematical
induction. To start the induction we see that the Induction step : Given P k  is true or
result is true for n 1 , for
 3k1 3k1 3k1 
aI  bA'  AI  bA  a 'I  Ia bA 11  
A k  3k1 3k1 3k1 

IX

3
k1
3k1 3k1 

Induction step. Given: p K  is true i.e.
k To prove : P k 1 is true or
aI bA   a K I  Ka K1bA

FL
 3k 3k 3k 
To prove : P K 1 is true i.e.  
A k1 3k 3k 3k 
K1
aI  bA   a K1I K1a K bA 
3
k
3k 3k 

K1
Proof : L.H.S = aI  bA  Proof : L.H.S. = A k1 = A k .A
R
K  3k1 3k1 3k1 
= aI bA  aI  bA   k1 k1 k1 
= 3 3 3 
= a K I  Ka K1bAaI  bA 
3
k1
3k1
3k1 

E
= a K1I I Ka K bAI  a K bAI Ka K1b 2 A.A  3k1  3k1 3k1 3k1  3k1 3k1
 k1
IT

k1 k1
= a K1IKa Kkkk bA  a K bA  Ka K1b 2  0 =  3  3 3 3k1  3k1 3k1
 k1
 3  3 3
k1 k1
3k1  3k1 3k1

 A  0
2

3k1  3k1 3k1 
= a KI  K 1 a K bA = R.H.S.
P


3k1  3k1 3k1 
Thus P K 1 is true 3k1  3k1 3k1 

JU

Hence P n  is true.
 3k 3k 3k 
 k 
 1 1 1 3k 3k  = R.H.S.
  = 3
Ex.2 If A =  1 1 1, prove that 
3
k
3k 3k 


 1 1 1

Thus P k 1 is true.
 3n-1 3n-1 3n-1  Hence P n  is true.
 
A n =  3n-1 3n-1 3n-1 , , n  N .

3
n-1
3n-1 3n-1 
  3 -4 
Ex. 3 If A = , then prove that
 1 -1 
Sol. We shall prove it by mathematical induction.
1 + 2n -4n 
Basic step : To prove : P 1 is true. An =  
 n 1 - 2n , when n is any positive
Proof : For n  1 . integer.

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

 1 2n 4n  z'  AB'  BA '
Solv. P n : A n  
 n 1 2n  = B'A'  A'B'

Basic step : To prove : P 1 is true. = BA  AB

Proof : For n 1 = AB  BA

= z
1  2 1 4  1 
1
A    z'  z
 1 12  1
Hence, z or AB - BA is a skew-symmetric
 3 4  matrix.
=   A
 1 1

IX
Q5. Show that the matrix B'AB is symmetric or
 P 1 is true. skew-symmetric according as A is symmetric
or skew-symmetric.
Induction step : Given P k  is true or
Sol. Case 1. Given : A is symmetric

FL
1 2k 4k  To prove : B'AB is symmetric.
A k  
 k 1 2k  Proof : As A is symmetric
 A'  A
To prove : P k 1 is true or
Now, B' AB' = B'A ' B''
1 2 k 1 4 k 1 
R
A k1   = B'A 'B
 k 1 1 2 k 1
= B'AB
 2k  3 4k  4  B'AB'
E
Thus = B'AB
=  
 k 1 2k 1 
Hence B'AB is a symmetric matrix.
Proof : L.H.S. = A K1 Case 2. Let A be a skew-symmetric matrix.
IT

 A'  A
 3 4 1 2k 4k 
=   
 1 1 k 1 2k  Now, B'AB' = B'A ' B''
=
P

 3 6k  4k 12k  4  8k  B'A 'B

=   = B' A B
 1 2k  k 4k 1 2k 
=
JU

B'AB
 2k  3 4k  4 
=   = R.H.S. Hence B'AB is a skew-symmetric matrix.
 k 1 2k 1 

 P k 1 is true. Q6. Find the values of x, y, z if the matrix

Hence P n  is true.  0 2y z 
 
A =  x y -z  satisfy the equations

 x -y z 

Ex.4 If A and B are symmetric matrices, prove that
AB - BA is a skew - symmetric matrix. A'A = I 3 .
Sol. As A and B are symmetric matrices, therefore
 0 2y z 
A' A, B'  B.  
Sol. Given A  x y z 
Now, let z  AB  BA 
 x y z 

z'  AB  BA '

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

As A 'A I3  3 1
Q8. If A =   , show that A 2 -5A +7I = 0 ,
 -1 2 
0 x x  0 2y z   1 0 0 
     use this result to find A4 .
  2y y y  x y z   0 1 0 
 z z z 
   
 x y z  0 0 1   3 1
Sol. A = 
 -1 2 
 0 x 2  x2 0  xy  xy 0  zx  zx 
  As A2  5A 7I  0
 xy  xy 4 y2  y 2  y2 2 yz  yz 


 zx  xz 2 yz  zy  zy z2  z2  z2 
  3 1  3 1   3 1   1 0 
L.H.S. =   5  7 
1 2 1 2  1 2   0 1 
1 0 0

IX
   9 1 3 2   15 5   7 0 
= 0 1 0 =     
0 0 1
  3  2 1 4  5 10   0 7 

 8 5  15 5   7 0 
 2x2 0 0 0  1 0 0

FL
=    
    5 3 5 10   0 7 
 0 6y2 0   0 1 0 


 0 0 3z 2 
 
0 0 1  8 157 5  5  0 
=  
5  5  0 310  7 
1 1 1
 x2  , y 2  , z 2 
R
2 6 3  0 0
=   0  R.H.S
1 1 1  0 0
Hence, x  , y  , z 
2 6 3
E
Now A2  5A  7I0

Q7. For what value of x : A 2 A 2  5A 7I  0

IT

 1 2 0  0  A4  5A3 7IA 2  0
1 2 1 2 0 1  2  = 0? A 4  5A 3  7A 2

 1 0 2 x 
P

 8 5  3 1   8 5
A 4  5  7 
 1 2 0  0  5 31 2  5 3

Sol. 1 2 1 2 0 1 
 
2  0
JU

 24  5 810   8 5

 1 0 2  x 
  = 515  3 5 6  7 5 3
   

0  19 18   8 5 
 1 4 1 2  0  0 0  2  2 2  0 = 5  7 
18 1  5 3


 x 
 95 90   56 35
=   
0 90 5  35 21


6 2 4 2  0
 95  56 90  35
 x
 
=  
90  35 5  21 
 0 4  4 x  0
 39 55 
Hence, x 1 Hence A 4 = 
 -55 -15 

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

 Now for Sale Price
 1 0 2  x 
  
Q.9 Find x, if x -5 -1 0 2 1  4  = 0  2.50 
10,000 2,000 18,000  

 2 0 3 
 1 
 AB  1.50 
 6,000 20,000 8,000 

1.00 
 1 0 2  x 
Sol. x 5 1 0 2 1 
 
4  0 10,000  2.50  2,000 1.50  18,0001
=  6,000  2.50  20,000 1.50  8,000  1

 2 0 3  1 
 
 25,000  3,000  18,000 
 x2  =  15,000  30,000  8,000 
 
 x 5 1 81  0

IX

 2 x  3
  46,000 
=  
 53,000 
 x2 
Now total revenue in market I = Rs.46,000
 x 5 1 9  0 and in market II = Rs.53,000

FL
 2 x  3
 
(b) For cost of the following commodities

 x x  2 45 2 x  3  0  2 
10,000 2,000 18,000  
 x 2  2 x  45  2 x  3  0 =   1
 6,000 20,000 8,000  
 0.5 
 
R
 x 2 48

 x 4 3  10,000 2  2000 18,0000.5 

=  
 6,000 2 20,000 1  8,000  0.5 
E
Q.10 A manufacturer produces three products x,  20,000  2,0009,000 
y, z which he sells in two markets. Annual sale = 12,000  20,000  4,000 
 
IT

are indicated below :

Market Products  31,000 
=  36,000 
I 10,000 2,000 18,000  
P

II 6,000 20,000 8,000 Total Cost Price = 31,000 + 36,000

(a) If unit sales price of x, y and z are Rs.2,50, 67,000
Rs.1.50 and Re 1.00 respectively. Find the Price = S.P. - C.P.
JU

total revenue in eachmarket with the help = Rs.99,000 - Rs.67,00

of matrix algebra. Hence, Gross Profit = Rs.32,000
(b) If the unit cost of the above three
commodities are Rs.2.00, Rs.1.00, Re.0.50 Q11. Find the matrix X, so that
respectively. Find the gross profit.
 1 2 3   -7 -8 -9 
Sol. Let quantity matrix X  = 
4 5 6  2 4 6 
10,000 2,000 18,000 
A    1 2 3 7 8 9 
 6,000 20,000 8,000 
Sol. X   
 4 5 6  2 4 6 
 2.50 
  Clearly X is a 2  2 matrix.
(a) Sale Price B =  1.50 

 1.00 
 a b
Let X  
c d

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

  a b  1 2 3  7 8 9   P k 1 is true.
    
 c d  4 5 6   2 4 6  Hence P n  is true.

 a  4b 2a  5b 3a  6b  7 8 9  Let P n  : ABn  A n B n  n  N

   
 c  4d 2c  5 3c  cd   2 4 6 
Basic step : To prove for n 1
 a  4b 7 and c  4d  2  AB1  A1B1
  
 2a  5b 8 and 2c  5d  4 
 AB  AB
 2a  8b 14 and 2c  8d  4 Which is true.
2a  5b 8 2c  5d  4
 P 1 is true.

IX
     
Induction step : Given P k  is true or
--------------- -------------
3b 6 3d  0 ABk A k Bk

FL
b 2 b0
To prove : P k 1 is true or
 a  4 2 7  c2
ABk1 A k1Bk1
a 1
Proof : ABk  A k .Bk (Given)
 1 -2 
R
Hence, X =  Multiplying both sides by AB,
2 0 
ABk AB A k . Bk . AB
E
Q.12 If A and B are square matrices of the same
 ABk1  A k . ABk  . B
order such that AB = BA, then prove by
induction that ABn =Bn A. Further, prove that = Ak . A.Bk .B
IT

AB n = A n B n for all n  N . (as AB = BA etc.)

= Ak1Bk1
Sol. Let P n  : ABn Bn A
Thus, P k 1 is true.
P

Basic step : To prove : P 1 is true.

Hence, P n  is true.
Proof : For n 1, AB1  B1A  AB = BA which is
JU

given to be true.
Q13. Choose the correct answer in the following
Induction step : Given : P k  is true i.e., questions :
ABk  Bk .A   
(i) If A   is such that A 2  I,
To prove : P k 1 is true i.e..,    
then
ABk1  Bk1A
A1  2   0 B1 2    0
k k
Proof : Given : AB  B A
C1  2   0 D1 2    0
Multiple by B on both sides,
(ii) If a matrix is both symmetric and skew-symmetric
ABk . B  Bk . AB matrix, then
(A) A is a diagonal matrix
 ABk1 Bk .BA  AB BA 
(B) A is a zero matrtix
 ABk1 Bk1A

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846

 (C) A is a square matrix  k 0  a b
(D) None of these. R.H.S. = SA  
0 k c d

(iii) If S is a scallar matrix such that Sii  k and A is
 ka kb  a b
a square matrix of the same order, then AS  SA =   k   ka
 kc kd  c d
(A) A' (B) k  A
Thus option (C) kA is correct
(C) kA (D) kS
(iv) If A is a square matrix such that A2  A , then (iv) A2  A  A3  A2

1 A 3  7A is equal to AI

(A) A (B) I  A I  A 3  7A  I 3  A 3  3IA I  A  7A

IX
(C) I (D) 3A
= I A 2  3A I  A  7A
  
Sol. (i) A   = I  A 2  3A  3A 2  7A
   
= I  4A 2  4A

FL
Now 2
A I = I  4A  4A  I
        1 0  Hence option (A) is correct.
   
        0 1 

  2        1 0 
R
   
       2   0 1 

  2   0  1 0
E
   
 0   2   0 1 
IT

Now  2   1 and    2  0

 1  2    0 and 1    2  0

 1  2    0 and 1  2    0
P

Hence option (C) is correct.

(ii) Consider the matrix A.
JU

Clearly A'  A and A'  A

 A  A  2A  0  A = 0
 A is a zero matrix.
(iii) Sii  k and A is a square matrix of the same order..
To prove : AS = SA

 k 0 a b
Proof : Let S   and A  
c d
0 k

a b k 0
L.H.S. = AS   k  
 c d 0 k 

 ak bk  a b
=  ck dk  k  c d  kA
   

SAMEER KOHLI - 9818311846