COMPUTER SKILLS IN

NURSING PRACTICE
By
NOMI WAQAS GUL
(DIT,RN,EDMN,BSN,MSN,NAHE-HEC)

Director/Manager
Quality Enhancement Cell (QEC)
College of Nursing (Male) Korangi
Karachi
(Errors and Omission Accepted)
 Course Title: Computer Skills in Nursing
Practice
Course Description:

This course aims to develop foundational computer skills among nursing students, with a focus
on their application in nursing practice, education, communication, and professional
development. Emphasis will be placed on the practical use of computer software, Internet tools,
and presentation techniques to enhance quality patient care and nursing documentation.

Course Objectives / Learning Outcomes:

By the end of the course, students will be able to:

1. Discuss the role of computer skills and applications in nursing practice and education.
2. Demonstrate proficient typing skills in computer software applications.
3. Utilize word processing (Microsoft Word) and spreadsheet tools (Microsoft Excel).
4. Prepare presentation materials using multimedia tools like PowerPoint and create posters;
explain the use of the Internet in nursing communication.
5. Identify the use of computers in personal nursing practice.
6. Illustrate the effective application of computers and software in various nursing settings.
7. Apply knowledge, skills, and attitudes essential for safe and quality nursing care.
8. Strengthen critical thinking, decision-making, and leadership skills using digital tools.
9. Engage in professional nursing organizations through computer-based communication.
10. Identify basic search engines and demonstrate their use in nursing research and practice.

Teaching & Learning Strategies:

 Interactive Lectures (for theoretical understanding)

 Computer Lab Demonstrations (for hands-on practice)
 Tutorials (for guided learning and assignments)

Domain Focus (Based on Bloom‟s Taxonomy):

 Cognitive (C): Knowledge and understanding

 Psychomotor (P): Practical skills in software and tools
 Affective (A): Attitudes and values related to computer use in nursing
Assessment Methods:

 Quizzes and MCQs (Cognitive Domain)

 Practical exams (Psychomotor Domain)
 Reflective journals and participation (Affective Domain)
 Assignment on multimedia presentation
 Group poster presentation

Weekly Content Breakdown (Suggested 10 Weeks):

Week Topics Covered

1 Introduction to Computers and Their Role in Nursing
2 Typing Practice and Speed Tests
3 MS Word for Nursing Documentation
4 MS Excel for Data Entry and Analysis
5 PowerPoint Presentations and Poster Designing
6 Internet Browsing and Using Email
7 Use of Computers in Clinical Settings
8 Safe Nursing Practice through Computer Applications
9 Critical Thinking and Leadership via Digital Tools
10 Search Engines and Evidence-Based Practice

Recommended Resources:

 Microsoft Office Suite (Word, Excel, PowerPoint)

 Nursing Informatics textbooks
 Internet Access and Email account
 Nursing journals and search engines (e.g., PubMed, Google Scholar)
 Chapter 1: Introduction to Computers and
Their Role in Nursing
 What is a Computer?
 History and Evolution of Computers
 Types of Computers: Desktop, Laptop, Tablets, Mobile Devices
 Basic Parts of a Computer (Input/Output Devices, CPU, RAM, Storage)
 Computer Terminology (Hardware, Software, Operating System)
 Computer Applications in Nursing
 Benefits of Computers in Healthcare
 Examples: Electronic Health Records (EHR), Telemedicine

Q: What is a computer?
A: A computer is an electronic device that processes data into meaningful information using
instructions called programs.

Practical Example:

 Using a computer to record patient temperature and generate a report.

Demonstration:

 Turn on a computer.
 Open MS Word.
 Type patient data (e.g., name, temperature, BP) and save the file.

2. History and Evolution of Computers

Q: How have computers evolved over time?

A: Computers have evolved through five generations, starting from vacuum tubes to modern-day
artificial intelligence.

Quick Timeline:

 1st Gen (1940s): Vacuum tubes – big and slow.

 2nd Gen: Transistors – smaller and faster.
 3rd Gen: Integrated circuits.
 4th Gen: Microprocessors.
 5th Gen: AI, cloud computing.
Practical Example:

 Compare a bulky old desktop to today’s sleek laptops or mobile devices.

Demonstration:

 Show pictures or videos of computers from each generation.

 Use YouTube clips or museum archives.

3. Types of Computers:

Q: What are the types of computers commonly used today?

A:

 Desktop – Used in hospitals for data entry.

 Laptop – Portable, used during ward rounds.
 Tablet – Used for patient monitoring apps.
 Mobile Devices – Nurses use apps for quick medication references.

Demonstration:

 Display all four devices.

 Show how the same EHR form can be accessed on each device.

4. Basic Parts of a Computer

Q: What are the basic parts of a computer?

A:

 Input Devices: Keyboard, mouse, scanner.

 Output Devices: Monitor, printer, speakers.
 CPU (Processor): Brain of the computer.
 RAM: Temporary memory.
 Storage Devices: Hard disk, SSD, USB.

Practical Example:

 Typing a nursing report (keyboard) and printing it (printer).

Demonstration:

 Open CPU case (if available) to show RAM and storage.

 Plug in a USB and transfer a file.

5. Computer Terminology

Q: What is the difference between hardware and software?

A:

 Hardware: Physical parts of a computer (mouse, monitor).

 Software: Programs that run on the computer (MS Word, Windows).
 Operating System: Software that manages hardware (e.g., Windows, Android).

Practical Example:

 Using MS Excel (software) on a laptop (hardware) to track patient meds.

Demonstration:

 Show hardware vs software physically and on-screen.

 Identify and open operating system settings.

6. Computer Applications in Nursing

Q: How are computers used in nursing?

A:

 Record keeping
 Medication administration
 Lab test requests
 Monitoring vital signs
 Patient education tools

Practical Example:

 Using hospital software to update patient charts.

Demonstration:

 Simulate entering vitals in a mock EHR system (PowerPoint or Excel sheet).

7. Benefits of Computers in Healthcare

Q: What are the benefits of using computers in healthcare?

A:

 Accurate documentation
 Time-saving
 Reduced paperwork
 Better communication among staff
 Improved patient care

Practical Example:

 Retrieving previous patient data instantly using a computer system.

Demonstration:

 Search for a mock patient file using a simulated system.

8. Examples: Electronic Health Records (EHR), Telemedicine

Q: What are Electronic Health Records (EHR)?

A: EHRs are digital versions of patient paper charts that are accessible in real-time by authorized
users.

Q: What is Telemedicine?
A: Telemedicine allows healthcare professionals to evaluate, diagnose, and treat patients
remotely using telecommunications.

Practical Example:

 Nurse updates a patient’s file in EHR; another nurse in ICU sees it immediately.
 A doctor consults a rural patient through a video call.

Demonstration:

 Create a mock EHR form in Excel or Google Forms.

 Use Zoom or WhatsApp video to simulate a telemedicine consultation.
 Chapter 1: Introduction to Computers and Their
Role in Nursing
MCQs (Multiple Choice Questions)

1. What is a computer?
A. A device that stores food
B. A machine that performs calculations and processes data
C. A type of mobile phone
D. A TV with internet
✅ Answer: B

2. Which one of the following is NOT a basic function of a computer?

A. Input
B. Output
C. Cooking
D. Processing
✅ Answer: C

3. Which part of the computer performs calculations and makes decisions?

A. Monitor
B. Keyboard
C. CPU
D. Mouse
✅ Answer: C

4. RAM in a computer is used for:

A. Permanent storage
B. Temporary memory for active tasks
C. Displaying images
D. Printing documents
✅ Answer: B
5. The device used to enter data into the computer is:
A. Monitor
B. CPU
C. Printer
D. Keyboard
✅ Answer: D

6. The first generation of computers used which technology?

A. Microchips
B. Transistors
C. Vacuum tubes
D. Integrated Circuits
✅ Answer: C

7. Which of the following is NOT a type of computer?

A. Desktop
B. Laptop
C. Refrigerator
D. Tablet
✅ Answer: C

8. What does CPU stand for?

A. Central Processing Unit
B. Central Print Utility
C. Compact Processing Unit
D. Computer Performance Unit
✅ Answer: A

9. What is an example of an Output Device?

A. Mouse
B. Scanner
C. Monitor
D. Keyboard
✅ Answer: C
10. Software refers to:
A. Physical parts of the computer
B. Apps and programs that run the computer
C. The computer table
D. Electricity
✅ Answer: B

11. Which one is NOT hardware?

A. Printer
B. CPU
C. RAM
D. MS Word
✅ Answer: D

12. The operating system is responsible for:

A. Making phone calls
B. Managing hardware and software
C. Printing bills
D. None of the above
✅ Answer:B

13. Which of the following is an example of application software in nursing?

A. MS Word
B. Blood Pressure Machine
C. ECG Monitor
D. Stethoscope
✅ Answer: A

14. What is the use of Electronic Health Records (EHR)?

A. To play games
B. To store and manage patient medical history
C. To check stock market updates
D. To clean the system
✅ Answer: B
15. Telemedicine is used for:
A. Face-to-face consultation only
B. Remote diagnosis and treatment using technology
C. Washing hands
D. Cleaning wounds
✅ Answer:B

16. Which of the following is a benefit of computers in nursing?

A. Reduces patient privacy
B. Increases manual paperwork
C. Enhances record-keeping and communication
D. Increases error rate
✅ Answer: C

17. The term „hardware‟ includes:

A. Operating system
B. Application software
C. Printer
D. Antivirus program
✅ Answer: C

18. A mobile device can be considered a computer.

A. True
B. False
✅ Answer: A

19. What is a tablet?

A. Medicine used in hospitals
B. Small portable computer with touchscreen
C. A hospital bed
D. A part of a monitor
✅ Answer: B
20. Which one of these is NOT part of computer terminology?
A. RAM
B. Software
C. Stethoscope
D. Hardware
✅ Answer: C
Chapter 2: Operating System Basics and
Typing Practice
 Introduction to Windows Operating System
 Understanding the Desktop, Icons, Taskbar
 File and Folder Management
o Creating, Renaming, Copying, Deleting Files/Folders
 Using Recycle Bin and System Settings
 Importance of Typing in Nursing
 Touch Typing Basics and Finger Placement Guide
 Online Typing Tools and Daily Practice
 Speed Tests and Accuracy Checks

✅ 1. Introduction to Windows Operating System

Q: What is the Windows Operating System?
A: Windows is a Graphical User Interface (GUI) operating system developed by Microsoft
that lets users interact with the computer using icons, menus, and windows.

Practical Example:

 Nurses use Windows to open MS Word to write patient reports.

Demonstration:

 Start a computer → Show Windows desktop → Open “This PC” or any program.

✅ 2. Understanding the Desktop, Icons, and Taskbar

Q: What are the key components of the Windows desktop?
A:

 Desktop: Main screen with icons after login.

 Icons: Small pictures representing files, folders, or apps.
 Taskbar: Bar at the bottom showing open programs and Start Menu.

Practical Example:

 Click the Microsoft Word icon on the desktop to open it.

Demonstration:

 Show how to use the Start Menu, open icons, and switch between programs using the
Taskbar.

✅ 3. File and Folder Management

Creating Files and Folders

Q: How do you create a folder or file in Windows?

A:

 Right-click on the desktop → New → Folder or Word Document.

Demonstration:

 Create a folder named "Patient Records".

Renaming Files/Folders

Q: How do you rename a file or folder?

A:

 Right-click the file/folder → Click Rename → Type new name.

Practical Example:

 Rename “New Folder” to “Patient Notes 2025”.

Copying Files/Folders

Q: How do you copy a file?

A:

 Right-click the file → Copy → Right-click where you want to paste → Paste.

Demonstration:

 Copy a report file into the “Patient Records” folder.

Deleting Files/Folders

Q: How do you delete a file or folder?

A:

 Right-click → Delete → Goes to Recycle Bin.

Practical Tip: Always double-check before deleting patient records.

✅ 4. Using Recycle Bin and System Settings

Q: What is the Recycle Bin?
A: It's a folder where deleted files are temporarily stored before permanent deletion.

Demonstration:

 Delete a file → Open Recycle Bin → Right-click → Restore.

Q: What are System Settings used for?

A: Change system preferences (display, keyboard, network, etc.)

Practical Example:

 Go to Settings → Change keyboard layout or date/time.

✅✅5. Importance of Typing in Nursing

Q: Why is typing important for nurses?
A:

 To enter patient data, write reports, send emails, and use digital tools efficiently.

Practical Example:

 Type a discharge summary or medication order quickly and clearly.

⌨✅ 6. Touch Typing Basics and Finger Placement
Q: What is touch typing?
A: Typing without looking at the keyboard by using muscle memory and proper finger
placement.

Finger Placement Guide (QWERTY):

 Left Hand: A S D F
 Right Hand: J K L ;
 Thumbs: Spacebar

Demonstration:

 Practice with a blank keyboard cover.

 Show finger chart on screen or handout.

✅ 7. Online Typing Tools and Daily Practice

Q: What are some free online typing tools?
A:

 www.typingclub.com
 www.keybr.com
 www.ratatype.com

Daily Practice Plan:

 10–15 minutes daily → Focus on accuracy → Gradually increase speed

Demonstration:

 Open TypingClub → Complete one lesson as a class activity.

✅ 8. Speed Tests and Accuracy Checks

Q: How do you check your typing speed and accuracy?
A:

 Use websites like www.10fastfingers.com or TypingTest.com

Practical Tip:

 Nurses should aim for at least 30–40 WPM (Words Per Minute) with 95% accuracy.

Demonstration:

 Conduct a 1-minute typing test → Display scores on board.

✅ Summary Table for Practice:

Topic Activity Tool

Desktop & Icons Open MS Word PC/Laptop
File Management Create/Delete folders File Explorer
Typing Practice Home row typing TypingClub
Speed Check 1-minute test 10FastFingers
System Settings Change date/time Windows Settings
MCQs – Chapter 2: Operating System Basics
and Typing Practice
1. What is the primary purpose of an operating system?
a) To edit documents
b) To connect to the internet
✅c) To manage computer hardware and software
d) To display graphics
2. Which of the following is an example of an operating system?
a) MS Word
b) Google Chrome
✅c) Windows 10
d) USB
3. Where do you typically find shortcuts to frequently used programs in Windows?
a) Control Panel
✅b) Desktop
c) Folder
d) Settings
4. What is the function of the taskbar in Windows?
a) To clean viruses
b) To print documents
✅c) To show open applications and shortcuts
d) To adjust brightness
5. What is a folder used for in Windows?
a) Running software
✅b) Organizing files
c) Browsing the internet
d) Typing documents
6. Which key is used to rename a file or folder in Windows?
a) Ctrl
✅b) F2
c) Delete
d) Shift
7. What happens when you delete a file in Windows?
a) It is permanently deleted
✅b) It moves to the Recycle Bin
c) It opens automatically
d) It compresses the file
8. How can you permanently delete a file from the Recycle Bin?
a) Copy the file
✅b) Empty the Recycle Bin
c) Drag it to Desktop
d) Rename the file
9. What is a „system setting‟ used for?
a) To play games
b) To browse websites
✅c) To adjust computer preferences
d) To delete folders
10. Which finger is used for pressing the "F" key in touch typing?
✅a) Left index finger
b) Right index finger
c) Left middle finger
d) Right thumb
11. In proper typing posture, what should be the position of your wrists?
a) On the desk
✅b) Slightly raised, not resting
c) On the keyboard
d) Hanging down
12. Which tool helps in improving typing speed online?
a) MS Excel
✅b) TypingClub
c) Paint
d) Calculator
13. What is the home row in touch typing?
a) Bottom row of the keyboard
b) Number row
✅c) ASDF JKL; keys
d) Arrow keys
14. Why is typing important in nursing documentation?
a) To draw graphs
✅b) To quickly enter patient records and reports
c) To open software
d) To restart the system
15. Which finger is used to press the spacebar in touch typing?
a) Index
✅b) Thumb
c) Pinky
d) Ring
16. What should you do before typing practice each day?
✅a) Sit in correct posture
b) Close all programs
c) Shut down the computer
d) Hold the keyboard in hands
17. Which of the following helps test both typing speed and accuracy?
a) MS Paint
✅b) Typing speed test websites
c) File Explorer
d) Zoom
18. How can you improve your typing speed over time?
a) By playing games
✅b) By regular typing practice
c) By deleting files
d) By using mouse
19. What key combination is commonly used to copy files/folders in Windows?
✅a) Ctrl + C
b) Ctrl + V
c) Ctrl + X
d) Ctrl + Z
20. What happens if you press „Delete‟ on a file and then „Ctrl + Z‟?
a) File is printed
✅b) File is restored
c) File is encrypted
d) Nothing happens
Chapter 3: Microsoft Word for Nursing
Documentation
 Starting and Exiting MS Word
 Creating, Opening, Saving Documents
 Formatting Text (Bold, Italic, Underline, Font Size/Color)
 Paragraph Formatting (Alignment, Line Spacing, Bullets & Numbering)
 Inserting Tables, Pictures, and Page Numbers
 Page Setup and Printing Documents
 Creating Nursing Reports and Patient Charts
 Practical Example: Nursing Care Plan Documentation

1. Starting and Exiting MS Word

Q: How do you start and exit Microsoft Word?

A:

 To Start: Click Start Menu → Microsoft Word.

 To Exit: Click X (Close) on top-right or go to File → Exit.

Practical Demonstration:

 Open MS Word from desktop icon.

 Close it using the "X" button.

2. Creating, Opening, Saving Documents

Q: How do you create and save a document in MS Word?

A:

 To Create: File → New → Blank Document

 To Save: File → Save or Ctrl+S → Choose folder → Type file name → Save

Practical Example:

 Create a new file named "Patient Admission Form" and save it.

Demonstration:

 Open a file using File → Open → Browse.

3. Formatting Text

(Bold, Italic, Underline, Font Size, Font Color)

Q: How do you format text in MS Word?

A:

 Bold: Ctrl + B
 Italic: Ctrl + I
 Underline: Ctrl + U
 Use toolbar to change font size and color.

Practical Example:

 Bold the heading "Nursing Report", underline "Patient Name", and make it red.

Demonstration:

 Select text and apply formatting from the Home tab.

4. Paragraph Formatting

(Alignment, Line Spacing, Bullets & Numbering)

Q: How do you align text and adjust spacing?

A:

 Align: Left (Ctrl+L), Center (Ctrl+E), Right (Ctrl+R), Justify (Ctrl+J)

 Line Spacing: Home → Paragraph → Line Spacing (e.g., 1.5 or 2.0)
 Bullets/Numbers: Use from toolbar

Practical Example:

 Make a checklist using bullets for daily patient care activities.

Demonstration:

 Type three lines and apply bullets and 1.5 line spacing.
5. Inserting Tables, Pictures, and Page Numbers

Q: How do you insert a table or picture in a Word document?

A:

 Insert → Table → Choose rows & columns

 Insert → Picture → From device
 Insert → Page Number → Top or Bottom of page

Practical Example:

 Create a 2x4 table for documenting Vital Signs (BP, Pulse, Temp, Resp).

Demonstration:

 Insert a picture of a stethoscope and page number at the footer.

6. Page Setup and Printing Documents

Q: How do you prepare a Word document for printing?

A:

 Page Setup: Layout → Margins, Orientation (Portrait/Landscape), Size

 Print: File → Print → Select printer → Click Print

Practical Example:

 Set margins to Narrow and orientation to Landscape for a wide table.

Demonstration:

 Preview document before printing.

7. Creating Nursing Reports and Patient Charts

Q: How is MS Word used for nursing documentation?

A:

 To write shift reports, medication records, patient charts, discharge summaries, etc.

Practical Example:
  Type a simple Patient Nursing Report:

yaml
CopyEdit
Patient Name: Ali Khan
Age: 45
Diagnosis: Pneumonia
Nursing Notes: Patient shows signs of improvement. Temp: 98.6°F. BP:
120/80.

Demonstration:

 Format the report with bold headings, spacing, and save as PDF.

8. Practical Example: Nursing Care Plan Documentation

Q: How do you create a care plan using MS Word?

A: Use a table to structure the care plan with fields like:

 Nursing Diagnosis
 Goals
 Interventions
 Evaluation

Demonstration:

 Insert a 4-column, 5-row table and fill in a sample plan:

Nursing Diagnosis Goals Interventions Evaluation

Risk of infection No signs of fever Monitor temp every 4 hrs Temp remained below 100°F

✅ Summary Table for Practice:

Task Shortcut Use in Nursing

Bold Text Ctrl + B Headings in reports
Save File Ctrl + S Save patient charts
Insert Table Insert → Table Care plans, vitals
Page Setup Layout Tab Printing reports
Line Spacing Paragraph → Spacing Readable documentation
MCQs – Microsoft Word for Nursing Documentation

1. Which of the following is used to start Microsoft Word on a Windows computer?

A. Ctrl + W
B. Start Menu > Microsoft Word
C. Alt + F4
D. Right-click Desktop > New > Word Document
✅Correct Answer: B
2. What is the shortcut key to close Microsoft Word?
A. Ctrl + S
B. Ctrl + P
C. Alt + F4
D. Shift + Esc
✅Correct Answer: C
3. Which option allows you to create a new blank document in Word?
A. File > Open
B. Home > New
C. File > New > Blank Document
D. Insert > Document
✅Correct Answer: C
4. To save a document for the first time, you use:
A. Ctrl + O
B. Ctrl + P
C. Ctrl + S
D. Ctrl + Z
✅Correct Answer: C
5. Which tab is used to format text in Microsoft Word?
A. Insert
B. Design
C. Home
D. View
✅Correct Answer: C
6. Which icon is used to apply bold formatting?
A. I
B. U
C. B
D. A
✅Correct Answer: C
7. To change the font size in Word, you should go to:
A. File tab
B. Insert tab
C. Home tab
D. Layout tab
✅Correct Answer: C
8. To underline selected text, which shortcut key is used?
A. Ctrl + U
 B. Ctrl + I
C. Ctrl + B
D. Ctrl + P
✅Correct Answer: A
9. Which of the following aligns text to the center of the page?
A. Ctrl + L
B. Ctrl + R
C. Ctrl + E
D. Ctrl + J
✅Correct Answer: C
10. Line spacing in Word can be adjusted from which section?
A. Paragraph
B. Styles
C. Font
D. Clipboard
✅Correct Answer: A
11. What is the purpose of bullets and numbering in nursing documentation?
A. To highlight grammar errors
B. To organize lists clearly
C. To insert tables
D. To add headers
✅Correct Answer: B
12. To insert a picture in a patient report, use:
A. Layout tab
B. Insert > Picture
C. View > Image
D. File > Media
✅Correct Answer: B
13. Which command helps in inserting tables in a care plan?
A. Insert > Table
B. Home > Table
C. Layout > Table
D. File > Table
✅Correct Answer: A
14. Where do you go to insert page numbers?
A. Home tab
B. Design tab
C. Insert tab
D. References tab
✅Correct Answer: C
15. Page orientation can be set using which tab?
A. View
B. Layout
C. Insert
D. Home
✅Correct Answer: B
16. Before printing a document, it‟s best to use which feature?
A. Save As
B. Spelling & Grammar
C. Print Preview
D. Share
✅Correct Answer: C
17. In nursing reports, tables can be used to display:
A. Internet links
B. Patient progress notes
C. Fonts and colors
D. Video content
✅Correct Answer: B
18. Which file extension is used for Microsoft Word documents?
A. .xls
B. .ppt
C. .docx
D. .pdf
✅Correct Answer: C
19. Nursing care plans are often documented using:
A. Pie charts
B. PowerPoint slides
C. Word tables and paragraphs
D. Email drafts
✅Correct Answer: C
20. Why is Microsoft Word important for nurses?
A. For gaming
B. For medication calculation
C. For accurate, professional documentation
D. For reading patient vitals
✅Correct Answer: C
Chapter 4: Microsoft Excel for Data Entry
and Analysis
 Introduction to Spreadsheets
 Creating and Formatting Worksheets
 Entering and Editing Data (Numbers, Text)
 Basic Formulas and Functions (SUM, AVERAGE, COUNT)
 Creating Charts (Pie, Bar, Line)
 Data Entry Best Practices
 Examples: Patient Temperature Logs, Medicine Dosage Charts

1. Introduction to Spreadsheets

Q: What is Microsoft Excel and what is a spreadsheet?

A: Microsoft Excel is a spreadsheet program used to organize, analyze, and store data in tabular
form.
A spreadsheet is a file made up of rows and columns used to manage data.

Practical Example:

 Use Excel to record patient temperatures daily.

Demonstration:

 Open Excel → Show rows (numbers) and columns (letters) → Point to a cell (like B3).

2. Creating and Formatting Worksheets

Q: How do you create and format a worksheet?

A:

 Create: Open Excel → Click Blank Workbook

 Format: Use toolbar to adjust cell color, borders, font size, bold/italic, etc.

Practical Example:

 Format the column headings: “Patient Name,” “Date,” “Temperature”.

Demonstration:

 Create headings and apply bold + center alignment.

3. Entering and Editing Data (Numbers, Text)

Q: How do you enter and edit data in Excel?

A:

 Click on a cell → Type number or text → Press Enter

 To edit, double-click the cell or use the formula bar.

Practical Example:

 Enter daily blood pressure readings for 5 patients.

Demonstration:

 Type names in column A, dates in column B, and data in columns C, D, etc.

4. Basic Formulas and Functions (SUM, AVERAGE, COUNT)

Q: What are basic Excel functions used in data analysis?

A:

 SUM: Adds numbers → =SUM(C2:C6)

 AVERAGE: Calculates mean → =AVERAGE(C2:C6)
 COUNT: Counts cells with numbers → =COUNT(C2:C6)

Practical Example:

 Use AVERAGE to find a patient’s average temperature for the week.

Demonstration:

 Enter 7 values in row → Apply =AVERAGE() formula below them.

5. Creating Charts (Pie, Bar, Line)

Q: How do you create charts in Excel?

A:

 Select data → Go to Insert tab → Choose chart type (Pie, Bar, Line)
Chart Types:

 Pie Chart: Show medication distribution.

 Bar Chart: Compare patient vitals.
 Line Chart: Track temperature changes over days.

Practical Example:

 Line chart showing temperature of one patient from Monday to Sunday.

Demonstration:

 Select temperature data → Insert → Line Chart → Customize title.

6. Data Entry Best Practices

Q: What are best practices for entering data in Excel?

A:

 Use proper headings

 Avoid merging too many cells
 Keep data consistent
 Use one row per entry
 Regularly save your work (Ctrl+S)

Practical Tip:

 Always double-check medicine dosages before saving records.

Demonstration:

 Enter consistent date formats (e.g., 22-07-2025) and use one sheet per patient group.
7. Examples: Patient Temperature Logs, Medicine Dosage Charts

✅Example 1: Patient Temperature Log

Patient Name Date Temperature (°F)

Ayesha 20-07-2025 98.4
Ayesha 21-07-2025 99.1
Ayesha 22-07-2025 100.0

 Use =AVERAGE(C2:C4) to get the average temperature.

✅Example 2: Medicine Dosage Chart

Patient Medicine Dose (mg) Time

Ali Panadol 500 8:00 AM
Ali Panadol 500 2:00 PM
Ali Panadol 500 8:00 PM

 Use =SUM(C2:C4) to calculate total daily dose.

✅ Summary Table:

Task Example Shortcut/Formula

Add numbers Total dose =SUM()
Average values Avg. temp =AVERAGE()
Count entries No. of doses =COUNT()
Insert chart Temp graph Insert → Chart
Save file Patient log Ctrl + S
MCQs – Microsoft Excel for Data Entry and Analysis

1. Which of the following is the default file extension for Excel workbooks?
A. .docx
B. .xlsx
C. .pptx
D. .txt
✅Correct Answer: B
2. Which of these is a spreadsheet application?
A. Microsoft Word
B. Notepad
C. Microsoft Excel
D. Adobe Reader
✅Correct Answer: C
3. What is a worksheet in Excel?
A. A document with text only
B. A file extension
C. A single page in an Excel file
D. A tool for printing pages
✅Correct Answer: C
4. What does the cell reference "B2" refer to?
A. Column B, Row 2
B. Row B, Column 2
C. Box 2, Batch B
D. Button 2
✅Correct Answer: A
5. Which key is used to move to the next cell on the right in Excel?
A. Enter
B. Tab
C. Shift
D. Esc
✅Correct Answer: B
6. Which tab is used to insert charts in Excel?
A. Page Layout
B. Data
C. Insert
D. View
✅Correct Answer: C
7. To add all the values in a column, which formula is used?
A. =AVG()
B. =SUM()
C. =COUNT()
D. =ADD()
✅Correct Answer: B
8. The function =AVERAGE(A1:A5) will return:
A. Total of A1 to A5
 B. Number of cells in range
C. The middle value
D. Average of values in A1 to A5
✅Correct Answer: D
9. Which chart type is best for showing proportions?
A. Line Chart
B. Bar Chart
C. Pie Chart
D. Column Chart
✅Correct Answer: C
10. To count how many cells contain numbers, which function is used?
A. =SUM
B. =MAX
C. =COUNT
D. =MIN
✅Correct Answer: C
11. To format data as bold in Excel, which shortcut is used?
A. Ctrl + I
B. Ctrl + U
C. Ctrl + B
D. Ctrl + E
✅Correct Answer: C
12. What does a formula in Excel always begin with?
A. $
B. =
C. *
D. @
✅Correct Answer: B
13. Which of the following is an example of good data entry practice?
A. Leaving empty cells randomly
B. Mixing text and numbers in the same column
C. Using clear labels and consistent formats
D. Using different fonts for each entry
✅Correct Answer: C
14. In patient temperature logs, what is the typical unit used in Excel?
A. Kilograms
B. Degrees Celsius (°C)
C. Grams
D. Liters
✅Correct Answer: B
15. Which function can be used to calculate average patient temperature?
A. =COUNT()
B. =SUM()
C. =MAX()
D. =AVERAGE()
✅Correct Answer: D
16. The formula =SUM(A1:A3) will:
A. Count the number of cells
B. Display the largest number
C. Add values from A1 to A3
D. Find the average
✅Correct Answer: C
17. Which chart is most suitable to track patient temperature over time?
A. Pie chart
B. Line chart
C. Bar chart
D. Scatter chart
✅Correct Answer: B
18. In Excel, merging cells is commonly used for:
A. Hiding data
B. Deleting rows
C. Creating titles across columns
D. Entering formulas
✅Correct Answer: C
19. Which key combination allows you to edit the content of a selected cell?
A. F2
B. Ctrl + E
C. Ctrl + Shift
D. Esc
✅Correct Answer: A
20. Medicine dosage charts in Excel help nurses to:
A. Play games
B. Track patient diets
C. Schedule surgeries
D. Accurately record and monitor dosage timings and amounts
✅Correct Answer: D
Chapter 5: Microsoft PowerPoint and Poster
Designing
 Creating a New Presentation
 Using Design Templates and Slide Layouts
 Adding and Formatting Text and Images
 Applying Transitions and Animations
 Designing Health Education Posters
 Running a Slide Show
 Example: Presenting a Health Education Topic

1. Creating a New Presentation

Q: How do you create a new PowerPoint presentation?

A:

 Open Microsoft PowerPoint

 Click File → New → Blank Presentation

Practical Example:

 Create a new presentation titled “Hand Hygiene in Nursing”

Demonstration:

 Open PowerPoint → File → New → Add title on the first slide.

2. Using Design Templates and Slide Layouts

Q: What are design templates and slide layouts in PowerPoint?

A:

 Design Templates: Pre-made color and layout styles to make slides look professional.
 Slide Layouts: Predefined formats for content (e.g., Title Slide, Title + Content, Two
Content, etc.)

Practical Example:

 Apply the “Health” template to your slides and use Title + Content layout to add key
points.
Demonstration:

 Design Tab → Choose Theme → Home Tab → Layout → Select layout.

3. Adding and Formatting Text and Images

Q: How do you add and format text and images in PowerPoint?

A:

 Use Text Boxes to add text

 Insert images from your device or online
 Use Font tools to format (Bold, Color, Size)

Practical Example:

 Add a heading “Causes of Infection” and insert an image of bacteria.

Demonstration:

 Insert Tab → Text Box → Type content → Insert → Picture → Adjust size/position.

4. Applying Transitions and Animations

Q: What are transitions and animations in PowerPoint?

A:

 Transitions: Effects between slides (e.g., Fade, Push)

 Animations: Effects for objects (e.g., text flying in, image zoom)

Practical Example:

 Apply Fade transition between slides, and Appear animation to bullet points.

Demonstration:

 Select slide → Transitions Tab → Choose “Fade”

 Select text → Animations Tab → Choose “Appear”
5. Designing Health Education Posters

Q: How do you design a health education poster in PowerPoint?

A:

 Set slide size to A3 or A4

 Use shapes, images, bold titles, bullet points
 Keep text short and visuals clear

Practical Example:

 Create a poster on “Importance of Vaccination” with 3 sections: What, Why, When.

Demonstration:

 Design Tab → Slide Size → Custom (A3)

 Insert → Shapes → Add icons, charts, and headings.

6. Running a Slide Show

Q: How do you run a slide show in PowerPoint?

A:

 Go to Slide Show Tab → From Beginning

 Use F5 shortcut key

Practical Example:

 Present your topic “Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)” in front of class.

Demonstration:

 Press F5 → Use arrow keys to move slides → Press Esc to exit.

7. Example: Presenting a Health Education Topic

Topic Example:
✅Title: “Preventing Bedsores in Bedridden Patients”
Slide 1: Title + Image
Slide 2: Causes of Bedsores (Bullets)
Slide 3: Prevention Tips (Icons + Text)
Slide 4: Role of Nurses (Image + Bullet List)
Slide 5: Thank You

Demonstration:

 Create a 5-slide presentation, apply design, add images, and practice presenting.

✅ Summary Table for Practice:

Task Tool/Tab Example

New Slide Home → New Slide Add slide on “Symptoms”
Apply Theme Design Tab Use “Office Theme”
Add Image Insert → Picture Insert image of PPE
Transition Transitions Tab Fade between slides
Slide Show F5 or Slide Show → From Beginning Start presentation
MCQs – Microsoft PowerPoint and Poster Designing

1. Which application is used to create presentations?

A. Microsoft Word
B. Microsoft Excel
C. Microsoft PowerPoint
D. Adobe Photoshop
✅Correct Answer: C
2. What is the default file extension for PowerPoint presentations?
A. .docx
B. .xlsx
C. .pptx
D. .pdf
✅Correct Answer: C
3. To create a new presentation, you should:
A. File > New
B. Insert > Slide
C. Home > Open
D. View > Presentation
✅Correct Answer: A
4. What is a slide in PowerPoint?
A. A background image
B. A text document
C. A single page of a presentation
D. A chart layout
✅Correct Answer: C
5. Design templates in PowerPoint help with:
A. Printing documents
B. Formatting audio
C. Applying a consistent visual style
D. Sending emails
✅Correct Answer: C
6. Slide layouts determine:
A. The font color only
B. Where text and images are placed
C. Sound effects
D. File names
✅Correct Answer: B
7. To add text to a slide, you use:
A. Text Box
B. Image Tool
C. Chart Tool
D. Insert Table
✅Correct Answer: A
8. Which option is used to insert a picture into a slide?
A. Home > Picture
 B. Insert > Picture
C. View > Picture
D. Design > Picture
✅Correct Answer: B
9. To apply animation to text or images, use the:
A. Transitions tab
B. Home tab
C. Animations tab
D. View tab
✅Correct Answer: C
10. Transitions in PowerPoint are used for:
A. Moving between slides
B. Changing font colors
C. Editing spelling
D. Creating charts
✅Correct Answer: A
11. Which of the following adds movement to content within a slide?
A. Transition
B. Animation
C. Design
D. Review
✅Correct Answer: B
12. To present a slideshow from the beginning, use the shortcut key:
A. F2
B. F5
C. Ctrl + S
D. Esc
✅Correct Answer: B
13. Poster designing in PowerPoint is useful for:
A. Creating invoices
B. Designing webpages
C. Making health education posters
D. Calculating medicine doses
✅Correct Answer: C
14. Which of these elements is most important in a health education poster?
A. Long paragraphs
B. Decorative fonts
C. Clear text and relevant images
D. Background music
✅Correct Answer: C
15. To format text in PowerPoint, you should use the:
A. Review tab
B. Design tab
C. Home tab
D. Animations tab
✅Correct Answer: C
16. Which tab allows you to change the background design of a slide?
A. View
B. Home
C. Insert
D. Design
✅Correct Answer: D
17. Which slide layout is best for comparing two pieces of information?
A. Title Slide
B. Title and Content
C. Two Content
D. Blank
✅Correct Answer: C
18. Which tool helps you align items in a poster?
A. Ruler and Gridlines
B. Animations tab
C. Slide Sorter
D. File tab
✅Correct Answer: A
19. During a slideshow, pressing the 'Esc' key will:
A. Add a new slide
B. Open the File menu
C. Exit the slideshow
D. Insert an image
✅Correct Answer: C
20. Why is PowerPoint useful for nursing students?
A. To create patient records
B. To write long essays
C. To present health topics visually
D. To manage hospital staff
✅Correct Answer: C
Chapter 6: Internet Browsing and Email
Usage
 Introduction to Internet and Web Browsers
 Searching for Medical Information Online
 Evaluating Reliable Health Websites
 Introduction to Search Engines (Google, PubMed)
 Using Email Professionally
o Creating and Sending Emails
o Attaching Files
 Example: Communicating with a Hospital Department

1. Introduction to Internet and Web Browsers

Q: What is the Internet?

A: The Internet is a global network that connects millions of computers for sharing information,
communication, and research.

Q: What is a web browser?

A: A web browser is software used to access websites. Examples include Google Chrome,
Mozilla Firefox, Microsoft Edge.

Demonstration:

 Open a browser (e.g., Chrome) → Go to any website (e.g., www.who.int)

2. Searching for Medical Information Online

Q: How can nurses use the internet for medical information?

A: By using trusted websites and search engines to:

 Check symptoms
 Understand drug interactions
 Read disease guidelines
 Learn new nursing skills

Practical Example:

 Search for “diabetes nursing care plan” on Google.

Demonstration:

 Type medical topic in Google → Show search results → Visit a relevant site.

3. Evaluating Reliable Health Websites

Q: How do you know if a health website is reliable?

A: Look for:

 Government or educational domains (.gov, .edu)

 Recognized medical organizations (e.g., WHO, CDC, Mayo Clinic)
 Updated information and expert-reviewed content

Trusted Websites:

 www.who.int
 www.nih.gov
 www.cdc.gov
 www.mayoclinic.org

Demonstration:

 Compare a reliable site (e.g., www.cdc.gov) with an unknown blog.

4. Introduction to Search Engines (Google, PubMed)

Q: What is a search engine?

A: A search engine helps find information on the internet using keywords.
Examples: Google, Bing, DuckDuckGo, PubMed

Q: What is PubMed?
A: PubMed is a free database of medical and scientific research articles maintained by the
U.S. National Library of Medicine.

Practical Example:

 Search for "COVID-19 vaccine nursing implications" on PubMed.

Demonstration:

 Open www.pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov → Type topic → Explore results.

5. Using Email Professionally

✅a. Creating and Sending Emails

Q: How do you create a professional email?

A:

1. Log in to Gmail/Yahoo/Outlook
2. Click Compose
3. Enter recipient’s email, subject, message
4. Click Send

Tips:

 Use formal language

 Use appropriate subject line
 Include your name and contact info

Demonstration:

 Compose a sample email to [email protected] about shift change.

✅b. Attaching Files

Q: How do you attach a file to an email?

A:

 While composing an email, click on the paperclip icon

 Select the file (e.g., report, photo, document)
 Click Open → Send

Practical Example:

 Attach a patient report saved in MS Word.

Demonstration:

 Compose email → Click attach → Upload a PDF from desktop.

6. Example: Communicating with a Hospital Department

Scenario:
You're a nurse needing to send a report to the Infection Control Department.

Sample Email:

To: [email protected]
Subject: Daily Report: Isolation Ward (22 July 2025)
Body:

arduino
CopyEdit
Dear Sir/Madam,

Please find attached the isolation ward report for July 22, 2025.
Let me know if any further details are required.

Regards,
Aliya Ahmed
Staff Nurse – Evening Shift
City General Hospital

Attachment: IsolationWard_Report.docx

Demonstration:

 Type and send this email in a live class using Gmail or Outlook.

✅ Summary Table for Practice

Task Tool Example

Open browser Chrome/Firefox Visit WHO website
Search medical info Google "Pressure ulcer prevention"
Use PubMed www.pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov Search “Hypertension in elderly”
Send email Gmail Request duty schedule
Attach file Email → Paperclip icon Upload a care plan
MCQs – Internet Browsing and Email Usage

1. Which of the following is a web browser?

A. Google Chrome
B. Microsoft Word
C. Adobe Acrobat
D. VLC Player
✅Correct Answer: A
2. What is the primary purpose of a web browser?
A. To play videos
B. To browse the internet
C. To edit documents
D. To create slides
✅Correct Answer: B
3. Which of the following is a common use of the internet in nursing?
A. Playing games
B. Searching medical information
C. Editing patient photos
D. Drawing posters
✅Correct Answer: B
4. Which search engine is commonly used for general information?
A. Microsoft Word
B. YouTube
C. Google
D. Excel
✅Correct Answer: C
5. PubMed is best used for:
A. Watching videos
B. Reading fictional books
C. Finding medical research articles
D. Creating posters
✅Correct Answer: C
6. Which of the following is a reliable health website?
A. Facebook posts
B. Wikipedia (without references)
C. WebMD or WHO websites
D. WhatsApp forwards
✅Correct Answer: C
7. Which of the following is a good way to evaluate a reliable health website?
A. Colorful design
B. Personal opinions
C. Updated references and author credentials
D. Sponsored ads
✅Correct Answer: C
8. The address bar in a browser is used to:
A. Search for files on your computer
B. Enter website URLs
C. Edit videos
D. Display printer settings
✅Correct Answer: B
9. Which of the following is NOT a search engine?
A. Google
B. Yahoo
C. PubMed
D. Microsoft Excel
✅Correct Answer: D
10. What is the correct format of an email address?
A. yourname.email.com
B. yourname@website
C. [email protected]
D. www.yourname@email
✅Correct Answer: C
11. Which field is used to type the recipient's email address?
A. Subject
B. To
C. CC
D. BCC
✅Correct Answer: B
12. To include additional people in an email without showing their names to others, use:
A. CC
B. BCC
C. Subject
D. To
✅Correct Answer: B
13. Which button is used to send an email after composing it?
A. Draft
B. Archive
C. Send
D. Delete
✅Correct Answer: C
14. To attach a document to your email, you should click on:
A. Link
B. Paperclip icon (Attach Files)
C. Refresh
D. Reply
✅Correct Answer: B
15. Which of the following is an example of professional email communication?
A. “Hey, send me that file now!”
B. “Hi Sir, please find the attached report. Regards, Nomi”
C. “U there? PDF plz!”
 D. “LOL that chart was weird ✅”
✅Correct Answer: B
16. When searching for information on drug interactions, the best source is:
A. Social media
B. PubMed or Drugs.com
C. Fashion blogs
D. Gaming websites
✅Correct Answer: B
17. An email subject line should be:
A. Blank
B. A long paragraph
C. Clear and relevant
D. Written in all CAPS
✅Correct Answer: C
18. A hospital nurse using email to request lab results is an example of:
A. Social networking
B. Personal messaging
C. Professional communication
D. Online gaming
✅Correct Answer: C
19. What is the advantage of using email in a hospital setting?
A. Entertainment
B. Faster, written communication
C. Shopping updates
D. Drawing medical posters
✅Correct Answer: B
20. To search only medical journals or research, the best search tool is:
A. Facebook
B. PubMed
C. Netflix
D. Yahoo News
✅Correct Answer: B
Chapter 7: Use of Computers in Clinical
Settings
 Role of IT in Hospitals and Clinics
 Electronic Health Records (EHR)
 Patient Monitoring Systems
 Barcoding in Medication Administration
 Checking Vitals and Scheduling Appointments Digitally

1. Role of IT in Hospitals and Clinics

 Q: What is the role of IT in hospitals and clinics?

A: IT (Information Technology) is used to store, retrieve, share, and manage patient data,
improve treatment accuracy, and increase healthcare efficiency.
 ✅Practical Example:
A nurse uses a computer to check a patient’s history and current medications before
giving a new medicine.
 ✅Demonstration:
Open hospital management software (like HMIS) → Log in → Access patient record.

 2. Electronic Health Records (EHR)
 Q: What are Electronic Health Records (EHR)?
A: EHRs are digital versions of a patient's paper chart. They include the patient's medical
history, diagnoses, medications, treatment plans, immunization dates, and test results.
 ✅Practical Example:
A nurse updates a patient’s EHR after administering medicine.
 ✅Demonstration:
Log into the EHR system → Search patient by name or ID → Update medication log.

 3. Patient Monitoring Systems
 Q: What are patient monitoring systems?
A: These are electronic devices that continuously track patient vitals like heart rate, blood
pressure, oxygen saturation, etc.
 ✅Practical Example:
A nurse monitors a post-operative patient using a bedside monitor that shows heart rate
and SpO₂.
 ✅Demonstration:
Turn on monitor → Attach sensors to patient → Observe readings on screen.

 4. Barcoding in Medication Administration
 Q: How is barcoding used in medication administration?
A: Barcodes on patient wristbands and medication packages are scanned to ensure the
correct drug is given to the right patient.
  ✅Practical Example:
Before giving insulin, a nurse scans the patient’s ID bracelet and the insulin barcode to
match them.
 ✅Demonstration:
Use barcode scanner → Scan patient’s wristband → Scan medication → Confirm match
on screen.

 5. Checking Vitals and Scheduling Appointments Digitally
 Q: How are vitals checked and appointments scheduled digitally?
A: Vitals are recorded using electronic devices and stored in computers. Scheduling is
done using hospital software to manage doctor and patient appointments.
 ✅Practical Example:
A nurse enters blood pressure and pulse into a tablet. The next follow-up visit is also
scheduled using the system.
 ✅Demonstration:
Open vital entry app → Input patient data → Save → Go to scheduling → Select doctor
→ Choose date/time → Book.

 ✅ Summary Points:
Topic Key Use
IT in Hospitals Enhances efficiency and reduces errors
HER Centralized, real-time patient info
Monitoring Systems Continuous tracking of vitals
Barcoding Ensures patient safety in drug administration
Digital Scheduling Organized and accessible appointments
MCQs – Use of Computers in Clinical Settings

1. What is the primary role of computers in clinical settings?

A. Entertainment
B. Financial investment
C. Enhancing patient care and documentation
D. Marketing products
✅Correct Answer: C
2. Which of the following best defines Electronic Health Records (EHR)?
A. Printed books for patient care
B. Digital version of a patient’s paper chart
C. Lab equipment
D. Barcode stickers
✅Correct Answer: B
3. EHR systems help in:
A. Playing music in hospitals
B. Recording patient history and lab results
C. Creating advertisements
D. Conducting surgeries
✅Correct Answer: B
4. Which of these is a benefit of using EHRs in hospitals?
A. Increases paperwork
B. Slows down data access
C. Provides quick access to patient data
D. Replaces doctors
✅Correct Answer: C
5. Which system uses digital tools to continuously observe a patient's condition?
A. Word processor
B. Barcoding
C. Patient monitoring system
D. Appointment calendar
✅Correct Answer: C
6. Patient monitoring systems can track:
A. TV channels
B. Patient’s vital signs (e.g., heart rate, BP)
C. Staff salaries
D. Visitor log books
✅Correct Answer: B
7. What is the role of barcoding in medication administration?
A. To decorate the medication package
B. To track hospital visitors
C. To ensure correct medication and dose to the correct patient
D. To lock the medication drawer
✅Correct Answer: C
8. Barcoding reduces:
A. The need for nurses
 B. The cost of computers
C. Medication errors
D. Number of patients
✅Correct Answer: C
9. Which of the following is NOT a feature of patient monitoring systems?
A. Displaying advertisements
B. Monitoring heart rate
C. Tracking oxygen saturation
D. Showing blood pressure levels
✅Correct Answer: A
10. Digital appointment systems help in:
A. Delaying patient visits
B. Tracking expired medicines
C. Managing patient scheduling efficiently
D. Making hospital flyers
✅Correct Answer: C
11. Which device can be connected to a computer for checking vitals?
A. Mouse
B. ECG machine
C. Printer
D. Joystick
✅Correct Answer: B
12. Which of the following is an example of digital health technology?
A. Paper chart
B. Whiteboard
C. Electronic Health Record (EHR)
D. Wall clock
✅Correct Answer: C
13. Which role does IT play in patient safety?
A. Increases risk of errors
B. Delays documentation
C. Improves accuracy of treatment and records
D. Hides patient data
✅Correct Answer: C
14. Scheduling systems in clinics are helpful because they:
A. Entertain visitors
B. Allow faster and organized patient visits
C. Create paper files
D. Replace doctors
✅Correct Answer: B
15. An example of using IT in a clinic is:
A. Handwriting patient records
B. Paper prescriptions only
C. Digital prescription and billing
D. Manual thermometer use only
✅Correct Answer: C
16. Which component of a hospital uses computers for tracking beds and patient
status?
A. Reception
B. Kitchen
C. Laundry
D. Parking
✅Correct Answer: A
17. Using tablets or mobile devices at a bedside is helpful for:
A. Watching movies
B. Online shopping
C. Real-time documentation and vitals check
D. Controlling lights
✅Correct Answer: C
18. Which of the following ensures timely medication delivery using IT?
A. Calendar app
B. Barcode scanning system
C. Google Maps
D. PowerPoint
✅Correct Answer: B
19. Computers in nursing practice improve:
A. Nurse stress
B. Patient waiting time only
C. Efficiency and patient care accuracy
D. Entertainment quality
✅Correct Answer: C
20. Why is computer literacy important for nurses in clinics?
A. To compete with doctors
B. To use social media
C. To operate clinical systems and improve documentation
D. To do graphic designing
✅Correct Answer: C
Chapter 8: Safe Nursing Practice through
Computer Applications
 Importance of Data Privacy in Healthcare
 Patient Confidentiality and Computer Use
 Password Management and Antivirus Basics
 Safe Internet Practices
 Legal and Ethical Responsibilities in Nursing Informatics
 Computerized Decision Support Systems (CDSS)
 Example: Safe Drug Administration Alerts

 1. What is the importance of data privacy in healthcare?

 Answer:
Data privacy in healthcare ensures that patient information (like medical history, test
results, diagnoses) is protected and only accessible to authorized personnel.
 Example:
A nurse must log in to a secure hospital system to view a patient’s lab report. Sharing that
report on WhatsApp would violate privacy laws.
 Demonstration:
Show how to access a patient’s file on a hospital EHR system with a login and how
logging out after use maintains privacy.


 2. What is patient confidentiality and how does it relate to computer use?

 Answer:
Patient confidentiality means keeping patient information private. On computers, this
means not sharing passwords or leaving patient data visible on screen.
 Example:
A nurse should not leave the screen open with a patient’s name and diagnosis when
leaving the workstation.
 Demonstration:
Locking the computer when stepping away using Windows + L.


 3. What is password management and why is it important in nursing practice?

 Answer:
Password management involves creating strong passwords and changing them regularly
to prevent unauthorized access to patient records.
 Example:
Using a strong password like Nursing@2025! instead of 123456.
 Demonstration:
Show how to update a password on a hospital portal and use a password manager.

  4. What are antivirus basics and why do nurses need to know them?
 Answer:
Antivirus software protects hospital computers from malware, which can corrupt data or
lead to data breaches.
 Example:
An infected USB device used by a nurse could spread viruses to the hospital record
system.
 Demonstration:
Show scanning a USB or system using antivirus software like Windows Defender.


 5. What are safe internet practices for nurses?

 Answer:
Safe practices include avoiding suspicious websites, not downloading unapproved apps,
and never sharing patient data online.
 Example:
A nurse should avoid clicking on unknown links in emails that could be phishing scams.
 Demonstration:
Show identifying a fake health-related website vs a real one (e.g., www.nih.gov vs a fake
look-alike).


 6. What are the legal and ethical responsibilities in nursing informatics?

 Answer:
Nurses must follow hospital policies, data protection laws (e.g., HIPAA or local
regulations), and ethical principles to ensure patients’ digital data is used correctly.
 Example:
A nurse using patient data for personal study without permission is unethical and possibly
illegal.


 7. What is a Computerized Decision Support System (CDSS)?

 Answer:
CDSS is software that provides alerts and suggestions to nurses and doctors based on
patient data, helping them make better decisions.
 Example:
A CDSS might warn if a prescribed drug dose is too high for a child.
 Demonstration:
Show a drug alert pop-up when entering incompatible medications into an EHR.

Chapter 9: Critical Thinking and Leadership via Digital Tools

 Use of Digital Tools for Decision-Making

 Collaborative Platforms (Google Docs, Zoom)
 Leadership Simulations and Case Scenarios
 Problem-Solving with Nursing Software
 Example: Responding to Patient Emergency with Tech Support
MCQs – Safe Nursing Practice through Computer Applications

1. Why is data privacy important in healthcare?

A. To save internet data
B. To protect patient information from unauthorized access
C. To advertise hospital services
D. To monitor staff attendance
✅Correct Answer: B
2. Patient confidentiality means:
A. Sharing information with friends
B. Discussing patients in public areas
C. Protecting personal health information from being disclosed
D. Posting patient photos online
✅Correct Answer: C
3. Which of the following is an example of maintaining patient confidentiality?
A. Leaving charts open in public
B. Discussing cases on social media
C. Logging out after using a computer
D. Sharing passwords with co-workers
✅Correct Answer: C
4. Which of the following helps secure digital patient records?
A. Using short, common passwords
B. Installing games
C. Using strong passwords and access control
D. Leaving systems open
✅Correct Answer: C
5. What is the purpose of antivirus software in healthcare computers?
A. To watch movies
B. To decorate desktops
C. To protect data from viruses and malware
D. To create posters
✅Correct Answer: C
6. Which of the following is a strong password?
A. 123456
B. Password
C. Nurse2024#@
D. qwerty
✅Correct Answer: C
7. Safe internet practices include all EXCEPT:
A. Clicking unknown links
B. Visiting trusted websites only
C. Avoiding suspicious downloads
D. Using updated browsers
✅Correct Answer: A
8. What should a nurse do after using a shared computer?
A. Leave it on
 B. Minimize the window
C. Log out of the system
D. Print a copy of the patient's record
✅Correct Answer: C
9. What is a Computerized Decision Support System (CDSS)?
A. A digital thermometer
B. A system that plays music
C. A tool that helps healthcare providers make informed decisions
D. A software for attendance
✅Correct Answer: C
10. An example of CDSS in use is:
A. Nurse calling a patient
B. System alert for drug interaction
C. Watching training videos
D. Emailing a friend
✅Correct Answer: B
11. Legal responsibility in nursing informatics means:
A. Selling patient data
B. Respecting data laws and confidentiality standards
C. Ignoring errors
D. Modifying reports for ease
✅Correct Answer: B
12. Which law or concept protects patient data rights?
A. Music copyright law
B. Digital marketing law
C. Data privacy and confidentiality law
D. Social media policy
✅Correct Answer: C
13. What should you do if you see a security warning on a website?
A. Ignore and continue
B. Close the site and report it if necessary
C. Share the link
D. Save it for later
✅Correct Answer: B
14. Sharing login credentials with other nurses is:
A. Safe in emergencies
B. Legally acceptable
C. A violation of hospital policy
D. Encouraged for teamwork
✅Correct Answer: C
15. What is the best way to manage multiple healthcare system passwords?
A. Write them on a sticky note
B. Share them with your team
C. Use a secure password manager
D. Use the same password everywhere
✅Correct Answer: C
16. What does an alert from CDSS during medication entry usually indicate?
A. Printer is not working
B. Patient is sleeping
C. Potential drug error or interaction
D. Nurse login time
✅Correct Answer: C
17. One of the ethical responsibilities in nursing informatics is to:
A. Edit patient records to avoid errors
B. Delete old records regularly
C. Respect the dignity and privacy of all patients
D. Use any available software
✅Correct Answer: C
18. Which of the following is a computer security threat in hospitals?
A. Barcode scanning
B. EHR logins
C. Phishing emails
D. Appointment reminders
✅Correct Answer: C
19. Which is an example of unsafe computer practice in nursing?
A. Using hospital email for official communication
B. Locking the computer when leaving
C. Using unverified USB drives in hospital systems
D. Updating antivirus regularly
✅Correct Answer: C
20. Why are CDSS tools important in safe nursing practice?
A. For browsing medical news
B. To help nurses take breaks
C. To support clinical decisions with alerts and reminders
D. To replace human judgment completely
✅Correct Answer: C
Chapter 9: Critical Thinking and Leadership
via Digital Tools

1. What are digital tools used for decision-making in nursing?

Answer:
Digital tools like Electronic Health Records (EHR), Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSS),
and patient tracking dashboards help nurses make timely and evidence-based decisions.

Example:
While assessing a patient’s condition, a nurse uses the CDSS system, which flags a critical lab
result (e.g., high potassium). This alert helps the nurse inform the physician immediately,
preventing a potential cardiac complication.

2. How can collaborative platforms assist in nursing teamwork and leadership?

Answer:
Platforms like Google Docs, Microsoft Teams, Zoom, and Slack enable real-time
communication and document sharing among healthcare professionals, improving coordination
and teamwork.

Demonstration:
In an online group assignment, nursing students use Google Docs to co-write a care plan. They
edit simultaneously, leave comments, and assign sections, showcasing leadership and teamwork.

3. What are leadership simulations in nursing, and how do they work?

Answer:
Leadership simulations are digital scenarios or role-play games designed to develop decision-
making, delegation, and crisis management skills in nurses.

Example:
A virtual simulation presents a mass casualty event. The nurse (student) must triage patients,
delegate tasks, and coordinate with teams using the simulation software. The tool scores them on
leadership and response.
4. How does nursing software aid in problem-solving?

Answer:
Nursing software, such as care planning apps or shift scheduling tools, allows nurses to organize
duties, analyze patient data, and solve clinical problems efficiently.

Example:
A nurse uses a care planning app to input patient data and symptoms. The software suggests
possible nursing diagnoses and appropriate interventions, which helps in building a problem-
solving mindset.

5. How can technology support quick responses during patient emergencies?

Answer:
Technology like automated alerts, telemedicine, and nurse call systems enable faster
communication and decision-making during emergencies.

Practical Example:
A patient’s vital signs drop rapidly. The monitoring system sends an immediate alert to the
nurse’s tablet. The nurse quickly calls the code team and begins CPR. The quick tech-based alert
system helps save the patient.
MCQs Chapter-9

1. Which digital tool helps nurses by providing real-time alerts and

recommendations based on patient data?

A. Barcode Scanner
B. Clinical Decision Support System (CDSS) ✅
C. MS Word
D. E-mail

2. What is the main purpose of using Electronic Health Records (EHR)?

A. Entertainment
B. Billing only
C. Storing and accessing patient data ✅
D. Social communication

3. Which of the following platforms allows real-time collaboration on

documents?

A. Zoom
B. Google Docs ✅
C. YouTube
D. Notepad

4. What is an example of a leadership simulation in nursing?

A. Watching lectures online

B. A game to check spelling
C. A virtual mass casualty event requiring delegation ✅
D. Drawing body parts

5. Which tool is used for scheduling nursing shifts digitally?

A. Barcode system
B. Patient Monitor
C. Nursing software ✅
D. WhatsApp

6. What benefit do nurse call systems offer?

A. Music for patients

B. Faster emergency communication ✅
C. Diet suggestions
D. Relaxation therapy

7. Which software helps suggest nursing diagnoses based on input symptoms?

A. PowerPoint
B. Care Planning App ✅
C. Paint
D. Calculator

8. What tool can be used in nursing education to simulate real-life leadership

decisions?

A. Spreadsheet
B. Simulation software ✅
C. Calculator
D. Email

9. What is one advantage of collaborative platforms in nursing teamwork?

A. Slower decisions
B. Individual efforts
C. Real-time editing and communication ✅
D. Less interaction

10. How can a nurse respond quickly to a patient emergency using technology?
A. Waiting for rounds
B. Asking another nurse
C. Receiving an alert from a monitoring system ✅
D. Reading the patient’s history again

11. Which digital communication platform is used for professional video

meetings?

A. TikTok
B. Zoom ✅
C. VLC Media Player
D. Notepad

12. What is the role of CDSS in patient safety?

A. Writing prescriptions
B. Identifying drug interactions and sending alerts ✅
C. Entertaining patients
D. Operating beds

13. What skill is enhanced by using leadership simulation tools in nursing?

A. Drawing
B. Singing
C. Crisis management ✅
D. Typing speed

14. What is a benefit of shift scheduling software?

A. Causes confusion
B. Assigns random shifts
C. Organizes duties effectively ✅
D. Only used in banks

15. Which of the following is NOT a digital collaboration tool?

A. Slack
B. MS Teams
C. Google Docs
D. X-ray Machine ✅

16. What does real-time alert technology help prevent in hospitals?

A. Gossip
B. Patient delays
C. Clinical complications ✅
D. Overeating

17. What is the primary focus of problem-solving software in nursing?

A. Finding entertainment
B. Solving math problems
C. Enhancing clinical decisions ✅
D. Creating invoices

18. How does CDSS assist in clinical practice?

A. Cooks meals
B. Plays music
C. Flags abnormal lab results ✅
D. Tracks visitor entry

19. What is one feature of a care planning app?

A. Suggests travel destinations

B. Recommends music
C. Suggests nursing interventions ✅
D. Orders food

20. In collaborative platforms, what function allows users to assign tasks?

A. Live chat
B. Paint tool
C. Commenting and tagging ✅
D. Audio recording
Chapter 10: Search Engines and Evidence-Based
Practice
 Introduction to Search Engines (Google Scholar, PubMed)
 Advanced Search Techniques
 Finding Reliable Sources
 Evaluating Online Information
 Evidence-Based Practice in Nursing
 Using Digital Libraries and Referencing Tools (Zotero, Mendeley)
 Example: Citing Research in Care Plans

Q1: What are search engines, and how are they used in nursing education and practice?

Answer:
Search engines are online tools that help users find information on the internet by typing
keywords or questions. In nursing, search engines like Google Scholar and PubMed are used to
find research articles, case studies, and evidence-based guidelines.

Example:
A nursing student wants to find a research article on "infection control in ICU." They can go to
Google Scholar, type in the keyword, and access peer-reviewed studies.

Q2: What is Google Scholar, and how is it different from normal Google?

Answer:
Google Scholar is a special version of Google designed to find academic articles, research
papers, theses, and conference proceedings. It provides more reliable and scholarly sources
than regular Google.

Demonstration:

 Open scholar.google.com
 Search: "Effect of hand hygiene in preventing nosocomial infections"
 You will find academic research articles.

Q3: What is PubMed, and why is it important for nurses?

Answer:
PubMed is a free search engine managed by the National Library of Medicine (NLM). It
offers access to millions of biomedical literature, including journals like The Lancet and BMJ.

Example:
A nurse needs to update herself on new guidelines for COVID-19 vaccination. She can search
PubMed for recent studies using pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.

Q4: What are advanced search techniques?

Answer:
Advanced search techniques help narrow down search results and improve accuracy.

Examples:

 Quotation marks ("") – for exact phrases

→ “Diabetes mellitus in children”
 AND, OR, NOT – to include or exclude terms
→ “Breastfeeding AND nutrition”
→ “Obesity NOT adults”

Q5: How do we evaluate the reliability of online sources?

Answer:
Check the author‟s credentials, publishing date, domain (e.g., .gov, .edu, .org), and
citations.

Reliable sources include:

 WHO
 CDC
 PubMed articles
 ResearchGate
 University journals

Avoid:

 Wikipedia (as a primary source)

 Blogs without references
Q6: What is Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) in nursing?

Answer:
EBP means making clinical decisions based on the best available scientific evidence, clinical
experience, and patient values.

Example:
If new research suggests early mobilization reduces pressure ulcers, nurses update their care plan
accordingly.

Q7: How can nurses use digital libraries and referencing tools like Zotero and Mendeley?

Answer:
Digital libraries offer access to full-text nursing journals and eBooks. Zotero and Mendeley help
store, organize, and cite references in research papers and care plans.

Demonstration:

 Install Zotero
 Save article from Google Scholar
 Insert citation into Microsoft Word using the Zotero plugin
 Format it in APA or Vancouver style

Q8: How do you cite research in a nursing care plan?

Answer:
Use standardized formats like APA, Harvard, or Vancouver to cite sources.

Example (APA Style):

Smith, J. (2020). Effectiveness of hand hygiene practices. Journal of Nursing Care, 25(3), 45-50.

Care Plan Line Example:

“According to Smith (2020), proper hand hygiene reduces infection risk by 70%.”

Summary Chart

Topic Tools Practical Use

Search Engines Google Scholar, PubMed Find clinical articles
Advanced Search AND, OR, "quotes" Precise search results
 Topic Tools Practical Use
Evaluating Sources WHO, CDC, PubMed Trustworthy info
EBP Research + Experience Better patient care
Referencing Tools Zotero, Mendeley Organize citations
Citation Example APA, Vancouver For care plans & assignments

____________

Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)

1. Which of the following is a specialized search engine for scholarly literature?

A. Yahoo
B. Bing
C. Google Scholar
D. YouTube
→ C. Google Scholar

2. What is the primary purpose of PubMed?

A. Entertainment
B. Shopping
C. Medical literature search
D. Social networking
→ C. Medical literature search

3. Which tool helps manage references and generate citations in research work?
A. Paint
B. Mendeley
C. Facebook
D. MS WordPad
→ B. Mendeley

4. Evidence-Based Practice in nursing relies on:

A. Opinions
B. Traditional methods
C. Latest research and clinical expertise
D. Guesswork
→ C. Latest research and clinical expertise

5. Which of the following is NOT a search engine?

A. PubMed
B. Google
C. WhatsApp
D. Bing
→ C. WhatsApp

6. What does "Advanced Search" in search engines allow you to do?

A. Play games
B. Access Wi-Fi
C. Narrow down search results
D. Edit images
→ C. Narrow down search results

7. Reliable health sources are often:

A. Blogs by unknown authors
B. Government or academic websites
C. Social media posts
D. Ads
→ B. Government or academic websites

8. Which referencing tool is known for easy browser integration?

A. Paint
B. Zotero
C. Calculator
D. VLC Player
→ B. Zotero

9. Evaluating online information includes checking:

A. Website color
B. Author’s credibility and source reliability
C. Number of pop-ups
D. Font style
→ B. Author‟s credibility and source reliability

10. Which database is best for nursing and biomedical research?

A. Netflix
B. PubMed
C. TikTok
D. Instagram
→ B. PubMed

11. A key part of Evidence-Based Practice is:

A. Ignoring patient preferences
B. Using outdated methods
C. Combining research, clinical expertise, and patient values
D. Always following what doctors say
→ C. Combining research, clinical expertise, and patient values

12. What does Mendeley help students and nurses do?

A. Cook food
B. Watch videos
C. Organize research papers and create bibliographies
D. Chat with friends
→ C. Organize research papers and create bibliographies

13. Which of these sources is most trustworthy for medical information?

A. Wikipedia
B. Blog posts
C. Peer-reviewed journals
D. Forums
→ C. Peer-reviewed journals

14. What is the first step in Evidence-Based Practice?

A. Writing a report
B. Asking a clinical question
C. Printing handouts
D. Memorizing patient names
→ B. Asking a clinical question

15. PubMed is maintained by:

A. Google
B. Microsoft
C. National Library of Medicine (NLM)
D. Harvard University
→ C. National Library of Medicine (NLM)

16. In research, citing sources helps in:

A. Hiding information
B. Avoiding plagiarism
C. Watching videos
D. Making friends
→ B. Avoiding plagiarism

17. Boolean operators like AND, OR, NOT are used to:
A. Edit documents
B. Refine search results
C. Design posters
D. Compress files
→ B. Refine search results

18. Using quotation marks in a search query helps to:

A. Add pictures
B. Search exact phrases
C. Translate text
D. Bold the results
→ B. Search exact phrases

19. Which of the following tools stores articles, creates folders, and works offline?
A. YouTube
B. Zotero
C. Canva
D. Excel
→ B. Zotero

20. An example of using evidence-based practice in nursing is:

A. Giving medicine without checking research
B. Following tradition blindly
C. Citing research in a care plan
D. Skipping patient preferences
→ C. Citing research in a care plan

___________________