BÀI GIẢNG DẠNG VĂN BẢN (SCRIPT)
Môn học: Anh ngữ kinh doanh
CHƯƠNG 1: ECONOMIC SECTORS
Slide Contents
1 Welcome all of you to the first chapter of the course – Chapter ONE:
Economic sectors.
2 After completing chapter ONE, you are expected to:
- identify fundamental economic sectors in the 21st century
- differentiate economic sectors and orientate themselves towards
the job or position of their interest and market demand
- make preparations for themselves with necessary ASK (Attitudes,
Skills and Knowledge) to confidently enter the tertiary industry.
3 First of all, please take a look at the pictures in your textbook and give
some general descriptions of the jobs you have seen. You should focus on
the following aspects.
1/ Where do these people work?
2/ For each of the jobs, does it require any specialist skills or
qualifications?
3/ Do you want to take these jobs in the future?
4/ What difficulties may these people encounter when doing these
jobs?
Look at your textbook again and continue with task 2. You are required
to classify the 18 following activities according to which sector they
belong to. Remember there is an overlap among some activities and
explain your choices.
To help you complete the task successfully, please take a look at the next
slide to get a deeper understanding of the nature of each economic sector.
4 There are three economic sectors. They are primary industries, secondary
industries and tertiary industries.
In terms of primary industries, agriculture takes the major role. It covers
arable and pastoral farming. In addition, primary industries include such
major industries as agriculture, forestry, fishery and mining or the
extraction or exploitation of natural resources like coal, oil and so forth.
The Industrial Revolution gave rise to secondary industries including
construction and manufacturing. In the world of business today,
especially in big cities, tertiary industries take a dominant role with the
proliferation of banking, education, aviation, entertainment, tourism and
hospitality, health care, financials, transportation and so on. An
increasing number of young workforce enter tertiary industries for more
career opportunities and self-improvement.
5 There is also another way to categorize the economic sectors. The private
sector and the public sector are taken into account. In the former, it refers
to large corporations, small and medium enterprises and self-
employment. This economic sector plays an increasingly important role
in developed countries and emerges in most developing countries where
free trade is practiced, giving the young workforce more authority to start
up and make their innovative ideas happen.
In the latter, public services are mainly offered to the large population
and regulated by the state. These services are known as schools,
hospitals, railways, postal services and so on.
Instead of conflicting with each other, they both greatly contribute to the
growth of the national economy.
6 There is another common way to categorise the world economic sectors.
Please take a look at the Global Industry Classification Standard in which
you can see 11 business sectors with their own distinctive features and
functions.
Here, I would like to clarify some of the sectors. For example, capital
goods refer to all the man-made aids to producing, storing, transporting,
and distributing goods and services. In other words, they satisfy
customers’ wants indirectly by facilitating the production of consumer
goods.
Consumer staples, also known as consumer essentials or basic consumer
goods, refer to products that are considered essential for everyday life.
These items include food and beverages, personal care and hygiene
products, household cleaning and maintenance products, baby and child
care products, health products and so forth.
Consumer discretionary, also known as consumer discretionary goods
or consumer discretionary sector, refers to products and services that are
considered non-essential or optional for consumers. These are goods and
services that people may choose to purchase based on their discretionary
income, which is the income remaining after essential expenses are met.
Consumer discretionary items are often associated with lifestyle,
entertainment, leisure, and luxury. These items can be listed as apparel
and footwear, electronics and appliances, automobiles and automotive
products, travel and leisure, luxury goods, home furnishings and home
improvement, recreation and sporting goods, media and entertainment.
Commercial services and supplies refer to a broad category of goods
and services that are essential for the functioning of businesses and
organizations across various industries. They include office supplies,
furniture and fixtures, technology and IT services, security systems,
cleaning and janitorial services, advertising and marketing services,
training and professional development, packaging and shipping supplies,
maintenance and repair services.
7 In this slide, I would like to attract your attention to the following
questions so that you can be well-prepared for the speaking assessment in
the second video conference.
1. Which economic sector are you interested in? Why?
2. Do you think you will develop your career in that economic
sector?
3. Do you prefer to work in a state-owned company or in a private
company? Why?
4. What do you prepare for yourself to enter the job market?
5. What are your strengths?
6. What are your weaknesses? How can you minimise your
weaknesses?
Remember to produce your answers directly and concisely. Supporting
sentences should be used to back up your viewpoints and arguments.
And do not forget to review the rubric of speaking assessment.
8 Now we move on to the next slide. Look at the bar and pie charts in your
textbook and make a comparison of the changes in employment sectors in
the United Kingdom and Vietnam. Take notes of important figures and
numbers to see the differences.
In this slide, you are supposed to learn how to describe data. Pay
attention to the bold and underlined words and phrases as they will help
you to best describe figures and numbers effectively. After that, from
your own knowledge and experience, think about factors that bring about
these changes. You may use the search engine on the Internet or review
relevant articles to answer the questions below.
9 This slide will discuss the benefits of the tertiary sector.
1/ Job Creation: It creates a diverse range of jobs, from professional and
technical roles to customer service, hospitality, healthcare, education,
finance, and more. This helps reduce unemployment rates, generate
income, and improve living standards.
2/ Economic Growth: It accounts for a substantial portion of a country's
GDP. By offering services such as banking, insurance, transportation,
telecommunications, tourism, and retail, it contributes to economic
growth and stability. It drives consumption, investment, and trade,
fostering overall prosperity.
3/ Innovation and Technology: It is closely linked to innovation and
technological advancements. Companies in areas such as information
technology, software development, consulting, and research and
development contribute to technological progress, driving productivity
gains and enhancing efficiency across various industries.
4/ Improved Quality of Life: It directly impacts people's everyday lives,
making them more convenient, enjoyable, and efficient. Services like
healthcare, education, entertainment, transportation, and hospitality
enhance the overall quality of life by improving access, choice, and
comfort for individuals and communities.
5/ Specialization and Expertise: It allows individuals and organizations to
specialize in specific services and develop expertise in their respective
fields. This specialization leads to a higher level of service quality, as
professionals acquire in-depth knowledge, skills, and experience to meet
diverse needs effectively.
6/ Enhanced Productivity: Services such as logistics, consulting,
outsourcing, and business support enable other sectors, including
agriculture and manufacturing, to improve their productivity. By
delegating non-core activities to specialized service providers, businesses
can focus on their core competencies, leading to increased efficiency and
competitiveness.
7/ Social Welfare and Human Development: It directly contributes to
social welfare and human development. Services like healthcare,
education, social work, and public administration support the well-being
of individuals, communities, and societies as a whole. They promote
equity, inclusion, and social progress.
8/ Cultural Exchange and Tourism: It facilitates cultural exchange and
international understanding through services like tourism, hospitality,
entertainment, and language translation. These activities promote cultural
appreciation, diversity, and global collaboration, fostering mutual respect
and cooperation among nations.
10 Apart from the benefits it brings to human lives, it also presents some
challenges that should be carefully considered.
1/ Limited Job Opportunities: It often experiences intense competition for
entry-level positions. Many young people struggle to find suitable job
openings due to a lack of experience or a saturated job market. Limited
job opportunities can make it difficult for them to enter their desired field
or gain relevant work experience.
2/ Skills Mismatch: The skills demanded by the job market may not align
with the skills possessed by young individuals. Rapid technological
advancements and evolving market needs require up-to-date skills and
knowledge. Young people may face challenges in acquiring the necessary
skills, leading to a skills mismatch between their qualifications and the
requirements of the industry.
3/ High Expectations and Pressure: There can be high expectations and
pressure on young people to excel in their chosen careers. They may feel
the need to prove themselves, achieve success quickly, and meet societal
or family expectations. This pressure can cause stress and anxiety,
particularly when coupled with the uncertainty of career progression and
job stability.
4/ Economic Instability: Economic fluctuations and uncertainties can
impact job prospects in the tertiary industry. During periods of economic
downturn, companies may reduce hiring or implement cost-cutting
measures, making it harder for young people to secure stable
employment. Economic instability can also affect the growth and
viability of certain sectors within the tertiary industry.
5/ Student Loan Debt: Many young people accumulate significant student
loan debt to finance their education. This financial burden can be
overwhelming, especially when combined with the challenge of finding
well-paying jobs. Student loan repayments may hinder their financial
stability, limit their ability to save, and delay other important life
milestones.
6/ Lack of Experience: Young individuals often lack practical work
experience, which can hinder their job prospects in the tertiary industry.
Employers may prioritize candidates with prior experience, making it
challenging for young people to secure entry-level positions. This creates
a catch-22 situation where they need experience to get a job but struggle
to gain experience without employment opportunities.
7/ Work-Life Balance: The tertiary industry is known for its demanding
and sometimes unpredictable work schedules. Young professionals may
find it challenging to maintain a healthy work-life balance, particularly
when starting their careers. Long working hours, irregular shifts, and high
workloads can affect their well-being and personal life.
8/ Continuous Learning and Upgrading Skills: The fast-paced nature of
the tertiary industry necessitates continuous learning and skill upgrading.
Young people need to adapt to technological advancements, industry
trends, and changing customer preferences. Keeping up with these
developments may require additional training, certifications, or
professional development, posing challenges in terms of time, cost, and
access to resources.
Despite these challenges, young people also have opportunities to
leverage their technological literacy, fresh perspectives, and adaptability
to thrive in the tertiary industry. Addressing these challenges requires a
comprehensive approach that includes educational reforms, skill-building
programs, supportive policies, mentorship, and inclusive employment
practices.
11 So, what should the workforce, especially the youth, prepare for
themselves before entering the job market?
The ASK model will help new employees enter the job market
confidently. It is their adaptability and flexibility that enable them to
learn new skills, adjust work practices, embrace innovative solutions and
become more responsible and supportive in their work. Also, a customer-
centric mindset is vital in the service industry. Being able to understand
customer needs, provide exceptional service, and handle inquiries or
complaints with empathy and patience is essential. Developing skills in
active listening, problem-solving, and conflict resolution can contribute
to delivering outstanding customer experiences.
The acquisition of 4Cs skill is indispensable. They refer to
Communication skills, Critical thinking skills, Creative thinking skills
and Collaboration skills. This skill set helps employees confidently
express their ideas, interact with their customers, business partners,
colleagues and superiors, know how to deal with problems, analyze
needs, resolve conflicts and make critical decisions. In addition, working
in a team can help them learn from one another and easily achieve the
shared goals.
In today's digital age, having strong digital literacy skills is essential. This
includes proficiency in using digital tools, platforms, and software
relevant to the service industry. Familiarity with communication
technologies, data analysis, online marketing, and social media can
significantly enhance job performance and efficiency. In addition,
effective time management and organizational skills are necessary to
ensure efficiency, meet deadlines, and deliver high-quality service. This
includes effective planning, prioritization, and the ability to work under
pressure.
Last but not least, a willingness to engage in continuous learning, upskill,
and adapt to new technologies and practices is essential. Being proactive
in seeking opportunities for professional development and staying
updated with industry trends is important for long-term success.
12 Thank you for your attention and I look forward to seeing you in the next
chapter.
