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Introduction To Object Oriented Programming Concepts - 20250723 - 165124 - 0000

The document provides an introduction to object-oriented programming (OOP), explaining key concepts such as algorithms, classes, objects, and the differences between procedural and object-oriented paradigms. It emphasizes the benefits of OOP, including modularity, reusability, and real-world modeling, while also covering principles like abstraction, inheritance, polymorphism, and encapsulation. Real-world examples are used to illustrate these concepts, making the information accessible and relatable.

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11 views4 pages

Introduction To Object Oriented Programming Concepts - 20250723 - 165124 - 0000

The document provides an introduction to object-oriented programming (OOP), explaining key concepts such as algorithms, classes, objects, and the differences between procedural and object-oriented paradigms. It emphasizes the benefits of OOP, including modularity, reusability, and real-world modeling, while also covering principles like abstraction, inheritance, polymorphism, and encapsulation. Real-world examples are used to illustrate these concepts, making the information accessible and relatable.

Uploaded by

5484182.humaira.kulsum
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Introduction to object oriented

programming

1. What is a computer program?

A computer program is a set of instructions that a computer follows to perform a specific


task.

2. What is an algorithm?

An algorithm is a step-by-step method used to solve a problem or complete a task.

3. Building blocks of a program:

Variables – store data

Control structures – like if, loops

Functions/Methods – reusable blocks of code

Classes/Objects – used in OOP to group data and actions

4. Difference between POP and OOP:

POP: Focuses on functions.

OOP: Focuses on objects.

OOP models real-world behavior and offers better code reuse.


5. Real-world example of objects:

A car is an object. It has properties (color, speed) and actions (drive, brake). In OOP, objects
are like this – they hold data and methods.

6. What is a class?

A class is a blueprint for creating objects. It defines what properties and methods the object
will have.

7. Example of Object & Class:

Class: Car

Object: myCar created from class Car.

The class defines features; the object is the actual item using them.

8. What is programming paradigm?A programming paradigm is a method or style of


programming. It decides how code is written, structured, and organized. Examples include
POP (function-based) and OOP (object-based).

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9. Preferred paradigm & reason:

OOP is preferred because it provides modularity, reusability, and models real-world systems
better.

10. Abstraction in daily life:

Using a phone is abstraction — we press buttons without knowing the internal wiring or code.
11. Hierarchical abstraction:

It means breaking a system into levels, from general to specific, like a company’s structure
from CEO to workers.

12. What is data abstraction?

It means hiding the complex details and showing only the essential features to the user.

13. Inheritance and code reuse:

Inheritance allows a new class to reuse features of an existing class, so we don't write the
same code again.

14. What is polymorphism?

Polymorphism means the same action behaves differently depending on the object. Example:
A print() method can print both text and numbers.

15. Two types of polymorphism:


Compile-time (Method Overloading)

Run-time (Method Overriding)

16. Example of polymorphism:

A person can be a student, friend, or player in different situations — same person, different
roles.

17. Encapsulation & modularity:

Encapsulation means keeping data and methods together in a class and hiding details.

Example: A mobile phone hides its internal hardware, giving only simple buttons to use.

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