International Journal of Research in Advent Technology, Special Issue, March 2019

E-ISSN: 2321-9637
International Conference on Technological Emerging Challenges (ICTEC-2019)
Available online at [Link]
IOT Based Smart Grid Monitoring Using Arduino
Controller
[Link].V.Sai1,Y.Gopichand2,K.Manohar3,V.Nagamani4
1,2,3,4
UG Students,Tirumala Engineering College,Narasaraopet-522601,A.P,India.

Abstract:This project describes the digitization of load energy usage readings over the internet. The proposed
system design eliminates the involvement of human in electricity maintenance. The user can monitor energy
consumption in watts from a webpage by providing a channel id for the load. The Webpage utilizes the
THINGSPEAK analytics to analyze the energy usage to give more detailed description and visualization of the
energy usage statistics. Wi-Fi unit performs IOT operation by sending energy data of the load to the webpage
which can be accessed through the channel id of the device. In the proposed system, consumer can do power
management by knowing energy usage time to time. This proposed system utilizes an Arduino microcontroller.
The unit which is generated can be displayed on the webpage through the Wi-Fi module.

Keywords— Current sensor, 16*2 LCD Display, Arduino Nano Board, ESP 8266 Wi-Fi Module.

1. INTRODUCTION 1. Consumer end

The Internet of things (IOT) concept 2. Service end.
enables us to connect the normal day to day devices The data from the system is displayed on a
with each other over the internet. The devices webpage which can be accessed by the consumer.
connected through IOT concept can be analyzed The system is designed on an Arduino
remotely. The IOT concept provides the basic micro controller [2]. It can be structurally
infrastructure and opportunities to form a differentiated into three parts viz., controller, theft
connection between the physical world and detection circuit and a WiFi unit. The controller
computer based systems. The concept has been performs the basic calculations and processes the
gaining importance with more and more wireless information. Theft detection circuit provides
devices that are increasing rapidly in the market. information about any extra or theft load energy
Hardware devices are connected with each other reading and the most important role is played by
over the internet. The ESP 8266 Wi-Fi module the Wi-Fi unit to send the information from the
used in the system provides the connectivity with controller over the Internet. The Arduino controller
the internet in the system [1]. is programmed on the Arduino software IDE
Now-a-days the demand for electricity is (Integrated Development Environment) which is a
increasing at a constant rate in the population and is pre-requisite to operate on the Arduino board. Its
being utilized for various purposes viz, agriculture, code is derivative of the C language [4].
industries, household purposes, hospitals etc.,. So, This paper describes Arduino
it is becoming more and more complicated to Microcontroller based design and implementation
handle the electricity maintenance and of energy meter using IoT concept. The proposed
requirements. Therefore there is an immediate system design eliminates the human involvement in
requirement to save as much electricity as possible. Electricity maintenance. The Buyer needs to pay
As the demand from the newer generations of for the usage of electricity on schedule, in case that
population for electricity is increasing so in along he couldn’t pay, the electricity transmission can be
with it the technology improvement is needed. The turned off autonomously from the distant server.
proposed system provides a technical twist to the The user can monitor the energy consumption in
normal energy meters using the IOT technology. units from a web page by providing device IP
Also there are other issues that we have to address address. Theft detection unit connected to energy
such as power theft which in turn generate meter will notify company side when meter
economic loss to the nation. Monitoring, Optimized tampering occurs in energy meter and it will send
power usage and reduction of power wastage are theft detect information through PLC modem and
the major objectives that lie ahead for a better theft detected will be displayed on the terminal
system [3]. window of the company side. Wi-Fi unit performs
Smart energy meter using Wi-Fi system is designed the IoT operation by sending energy meter data to
based on three major objectives. They are:- web page which can be accessed through IP
1. To provide automated load energy reading over address.
an immediate basis.
2. To use the electricity in an optimized manner. 2. BLOCK DETAILS
3. Reduce the power wastage. The smart electricity meter using Wi-Fi
The system basically can be classified on the basis module can be easily described in two parts. The
of service ends in two ways:- first part being the physical part and second one

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 International Journal of Research in Advent Technology, Special Issue, March 2019
E-ISSN: 2321-9637
International Conference on Technological Emerging Challenges (ICTEC-2019)
Available online at [Link]
being the Webpage, it consists of the Arduino Nano 16*2 LCD display, buzzer and power supply
Board, ESP 8266 Wi-Fi module (Node MCU),
.

3. BLOCK DIAGRAM

Fig -1: Block Diagram of the system

4. HARDWARE IMPLEMENTATIONS The Allegro® ACS712 provides

A complete IoT based sensing system is economical and precise solutions for AC or DC
proposed for Substation automation application in current sensing in industrial, commercial, and
Smart Grid environment. Various parts of the communications systems. The device package
system are discussed in detail along with their allows for easy implementation by the customer.
possibility of application alongside the present The device is not intended for automotive
substation automation systems. An overall applications.
implementation of the system including network The device consists of a precise, low-
topologies, wireless communication networks and offset, linear Hall circuit with a copper conduction
secure communication with other parts of the path located near the surface of the die. Applied
power grid is also discussed. The MQTT protocol current flowing through this copper conduction
suggested in the proposed system is relevant to the path generates a magnetic field which the Hall IC
substation environment and provides a reliable and converts into a proportional voltage. Device
secure way to communicate sensor data to a large accuracy is optimized through the close proximity
audience. The system design is cost effective and of the magnetic signal to the Hall transducer. A
easy to implement and configure. It provides a new precise, proportional voltage is provided by the
approach to monitor, store, visualize and low-offset, chopper-stabilized BiCMOS Hall IC,
communicate the sensor data using IoT in the which is programmed for accuracy after packaging.
substation environment. The proposed system is The output of the device has a positive
currently under implementation and an Arduino slope (>VIOUT(Q)) when an increasing current
sensor node prototype has been tested as a part of flows through the primary copper conduction path
it. Remaining implementation of the work is (from pins 1 and 2, to pins 3 and 4), which is the
expected to be completed soon and presented in path used for current sampling. The internal
further research. resistance of this conductive path is 1.2 mΩ typical,
providing low power losse
4.1 Current Sensor
s.

Fig -2: Current Sensor

4.2 Arduino Nano Board digital I/O pins and 6 analog input pins and a
Arduino is a microcontroller board and it crystal oscillator of 16 MHz frequency, a power
is based on the AT mega 328P. It consists of 14 supply jack and a USB port to dump the code,

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 International Journal of Research in Advent Technology, Special Issue, March 2019
E-ISSN: 2321-9637
International Conference on Technological Emerging Challenges (ICTEC-2019)
Available online at [Link]
ICSP header and a reset button. It can be powered powered with AC to DC adapter or with a battery.
with the power jack at the start and later can be

Fig -3: Arduino Nano board

4.3 ESP 8266 Wi-Fi Module (Node MCU) most important component in the system as it
The ESP 8266 Wi-Fi module is a low cost performs the IOT operation. It has 64 kb boot
component with which manufacturers are making ROM, 64 kb instruction RAM, 96 kb data RAM.
wirelessly networkable microcontroller module. Wi-Fi unit performs IOT operation by
ESP 8266 WiFi module is a system-on-a-chip with sending energy meter data to webpage which can
capabilities for 2.4GHz range. It employs a 32 bit be accessed through IP address. The TX, RX pins
RISC CPU running at 80 MHz. It is based on the are connected to the 7 and 8 pins of the Arduino
TCP/IP (Transfer control protocol) [3]. It is the microcontroller
.

Fig -4: ESP 8266 Wi-Fi module (Node MCU)

4.4 16*2 LCD Display LCD each character is displayed in 5*7 pixel
LCD (Liquid crystal display) screen is an matrix.
electronic display module and finds a wide range of The 11, 12, 13 and 14 pins of the display
applications. 16*2 display means it can display 16 are used as data pins for Arduino interfacing. It is
characters per line and there are 2 such lines. In this used to display the wattage.

Fig -5: 16*2 LCD display

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 International Journal of Research in Advent Technology, Special Issue, March 2019
E-ISSN: 2321-9637
International Conference on Technological Emerging Challenges (ICTEC-2019)
Available online at [Link]
5. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
Two circuit diagrams have been used in the project. The circuit diagrams are as follows:-

5.1 Power Supply Unit Circuit Diagram:

Fig -6: Power Supply Unit Circuit Diagram

5.2 Schematic Diagram:

Fig -7: Schematic Diagram

6. FLOW CHART

Fig 8- Flow chart representation

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 International Journal of Research in Advent Technology, Special Issue, March 2019
E-ISSN: 2321-9637
International Conference on Technological Emerging Challenges (ICTEC-2019)
Available online at [Link]
7. WEB PAGE 9. THINGSPEAK GRAPHIC
The proposed system can be used to INTERFACE
display load energy usage reading in terms of The Internet of Things provides access to a broad
Watts. Every user would be able to access the range of embedded devices and web services.
information from anywhere on the earth. ThingSpeak is an open data platform and API for
[Link] is one such webpage which takes the IoT that enables you to collect, store, analyze,
the help of the Math Works MATLAB analytics to visualize, and act on data from sensors or actuators,
present the device information in a more detailed such as Arduino, BeagleBone Black, and other
analysis in both description and visualization. hardware. For example, with ThingSpeak you can
[Link] provides the user the ability to add create sensor-logging applications, location-
any number of channels to one account and in each tracking applications, and a social network of
account information can be fed into 8 fields [7]. An things with status updates, so that you could have
account can be assigned to one division of an area your home thermostat control itself based on your
and n channels can be created to a suite of n meters current location. The primary element of
in the locality. The analytics can be viewed by both ThingSpeak activity is the channel, which contains
the consumer and service provider. data fields, location fields, and a status field. After
ThingSpeak channel is created, you can write data
8. PROBLEM STATEMENT to the channel, process and view the data with
The conventional methods which are in use today MATLAB® code, and react to the data with tweets
like SMS are costly. Since IOT is cost effective and other alerts. The typical ThingSpeak workflow
compared to SMS, monitoring of energy usage at lets you:
lower cost is made possible. Daily consumption 1. Create a Channel and collect data
reports are generated which can be monitored by 2. Analyze and visualize the data
user through Android application and/or web
portal. The system is more reliable and accurate 10. RESULT
reading values are collected from energy using Firstly we have to switch on the mains. Current
devices. Live readings of devices can be viewed sensor senses the power utilized by the load. Which
using Android application. Also, the readings can gives output in analog form. The output of the
be viewed online. The human interference is sensor is supplied as input to the analog input part
avoided and all the values are kept maintained in in the Arduino Nano Board. Arduino board has
the central server. The communication medium is inbuilt analog to digital convertor which converts
secure and tampering of energy meters or theft of analog input of power to digital output. This digital
electricity can be identified easily. If an error output is displayed on LCD display in form of
occurs in the system, the value in the central server Watts as shown in Image -1 below. There is a set
will not be updated. Since the values are stored in point value; when the power utilized by the load
the central database, the reports are made exceeds the set point value LCD displays “Theft
accessible from anywhere in the world. Also, the detected” as shown in the Image -2 below.
server is online 24x 7 [4]. The Node MCU is used to connect internet with the
monitoring hardware system. The power utilized by
the load is displayed in the cloud viz, ThingSpeak
cloud in graphical format as shown in the Chart -1
and Chart -2 below. It shows time to time power
utilization of the load/loads connected to the
system.

Fig 9. Proposed system Hardware view

11. CONCLUSIONS control home appliances remotely over the cloud

Energy Monitoring using IOT is an innovative from anywhere in the world. In the proposed
application of internet of things developed to project current sensor is used to sense the current

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 International Journal of Research in Advent Technology, Special Issue, March 2019
E-ISSN: 2321-9637
International Conference on Technological Emerging Challenges (ICTEC-2019)
Available online at [Link]
and display it on internet using IoT. The system
updates the information in every 1 to 2 seconds on
the internet using public cloud THINGSPEAK.
In the present system, energy load
consumption is accessed using Wi-Fi and it will
help consumers to avoid unwanted use of
electricity. IoT system where a user can monitor
energy consumption and pay the bill Online can be
made. Also, a system where a user can receive
SMS, when he/she crosses threshold of electricity
usage slab can be equipped. We can make a system
which can send SMS to the concerned meter
reading man of that area when theft is detected at
consumer end. Also using cloud analytics we can
predict future energy consumptions.

REFERENCES
[1] Landi, C.; Dipt. di Ing. dell''Inf., Seconda
Univ. di Napoli, Aversa, Italy ; Merola, P. ;
Ianniello, G, “ARM-based energy management
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IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement
Technology Conference Binjiang, pp. 1 – 5,
May 2011
[2] Garrab, A.; Bouallegue, A.; Ben Abdallah, “A
new AMR approach for energy saving in
Smart Grids using Smart Meter and partial
Power Line Communication”, IEEE First
International Conference on Renewable
Energies and Vehicular Technology (REVET),
pp. 263 – 269, march 2012
[3] Darshan Iyer N, Dr. KA Radhakrishnan Rao,
“IoT Based Energy Meter Reading, Theft
Detection & disconnection using PLC modem
and Power optimization ”,IRJET, (2015)
[4] (2017 Jan. 31) ACS712 [Online] Available:
[Link]
tBoards/[Link]
[5] (2008 Oct. 29) Specifications of LCD [Online]
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[Link]
[Link]
[6] (2013 April 15) ArduinoNano (V2.3) [Online]
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[Link]
[7] (2014 March 19) ESP8266 Wi-Fi Module
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