n'ke% ikB%

;ksxL; oSf'k"V~;e~
izLrqr ikB ir×tfy jfpr ;ksxlw=k ij vk/kfjr gSA ftlesa ;ksxkH;kl osQ ekè;e ls thou dkss
la;fer cukus osQ fy, 'kkjhfjd] ekufld ,oa ckSf¼d :i ls fof'k"V mik;ksa dk mYys[k fd;k
x;k gS rFkk ;ksx osQ fofHkUu Lo:Ikksa dk ly{k.k [Link] fd;k x;k gSA izLrqr IkkB dk laokn osQ
ekè;e ls jkspd :i esa foospu fd;k x;k gSA IkkB esa fufgr fo"k;oLrq Nk=kksa osQ cgqeq[kh fodkl
osQ fy, vR;ar mi;ksxh gSA
(d{kk;k% n`';e~& v| d{kk fo'ks"k:is.k lqlfTtrk vfLrA fHkfÙk"kq ;ksxfo"k;L; fofo/&
fp=kkf.k lfTtrkfu lfUrA)

LofIuy% & cyjke! v| d{kk;ka dks¿fi fof'k"V% dk;ZØe%\

cyjke% & vjs fe=k! Roa u tkukfl\ bnkuha rq ;ksxf'k{kk;k% dkyka'k%A
eksfguh & ,"k% rq uwru% fo"k;%A fda izfrfnue~ bZn'` kh d{kk izpfy";fr\
cyjke% & vke~] v/quk rq vLekda o`Qrs ;ksxf'k{kk vrho mi;ksfxuh vfLrA
lkxfjdk & vgks! lq[knek'p;ZeA~ vgefi x`gs ekrq% eq[kkn~ ;ksxf'k{kk;k% fo"k;s
JqrorhA r;k mDre~& ^;ksx% LokLF;dj%A*
lkxj% & fda fo|kè;;us¿fi vL;ksi;ksx% orZr\s
eksfguh & vke~] vfLeu~ fo"k;s ;ksxf'k{kd%] fo'ks"k:is.k ofn";frA
(;ksxf'k{kd% d{kk;ka izfo'kfr)
Nk=kk% & ueks ue% vkpk;Z! Lokxre~ v=k Hkorka d{kk;ke~A
;ksxkpk;Z% & Nk=kk%! HkoUr% lEizfr leqRlqdk% n`';UrsA dk¿fi fof'k"Vk ftKklk
vfLr fde~\
lkxj% & Hkks vkpk;Z! o;a losZ ;ksxL; mi;ksfxrk;k% fo"k;s lE;xziw .s k Kkrqe~
mRlqdk% Le%A

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90 'kk'orh

;ksxkpk;Z% & fiz;PNk=kk%! fda HkoUr% tkufUr ;r~ ;ksx'kkL=ks 'kjhjL; eul% p
fu;eua izfrikfnra orZrAs vL; Kkusu vH;klsu p HkoUr% Lokè;k;s¿fi
,dkxzrka o/Zf;rqe~ l{kek% Hkfo";fUrA
euh"k% & vLekfHk% lekpkji=ks"kq ifBre~ ;r~ fo'os¿fi ;ksxfnol% lksRlkge~
ekU;rsA
;ksxkpk;Z% & lk/wDre~A twueklL; ,dfoa'kfrre% fnol% rq vUrkjkf"Vª;;ksxfnol:is.k
loZ=k ekU;rsA
eksfguh & vkpk;Z! lEizfr o;a ;ksxfo"k;s lfoLrja Kkrqe~ bPNke%A
(;ksxkpk;Z% IkkBekè;esu ;ksxf'k{kka f'k{k;fr)
;ksxkpk;Z% & fiz;PNk=kk% è;kusu kÜ .` kqrA
;ksxf'pÙko`fÙkfujks/%A
eksgu% & fpÙko`fÙkfujks/%! vFk fda rkRi;Ze~ vL;\
;ksxkpk;Z% & fpÙko`Ùkhuka Hksn% y{[Link]~ pkoxPNUrq izFkea] rr% foLrjs.k cks/;kfe&
^[Link];Z;fodYifunzkLe`r;%* bfr
[Link]~ & vFkkZr~ izR;{kkuqekukxek% [Link]
foi;Z;% & vFkkZr~ foi;Z;ks feF;kKkuern~:iizfr"Be~A
fodYi% & vFkkZr~ 'kCnKkukuqikrh oLrq'kwU;ks fodYi%A
funzk & vFkkZr~ vHkkoizR;;kyEcuko`fÙkfuZnkz A
Le`fr% & vFkkZr~ vuqHkwrfo"k;klEizeks"k% Le`fr%A
(,rr~ loZa ';keiVs ;ð ksxkpk;Z% fy[kfr vocks/;fr p] Nk=kk% p izlUueulk voxPNfUr]
LoiqfLrdklq pk¿fi fy[kfUr)
lkxj% & vkpk;Z! vU;nfi KkrqeRq lqdk% o;a [Link]
;ksxkpk;Z% & v/quk ;ksxkÄõkuka ukekfu y{[Link] pkocks/;kfe&
^;efu;[Link];keizR;kgkj&/[Link]&è;kulek/;ks¿"VkoÄõkfu*
lkxfjdk & d% rkRi;Z% vL; ,rkn`'kL; nh?kZokD;L;\
fdf×pnfi ukoxE;rs-------------------------

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;ksxL; oSf'k"V~;e~ 91

;ksxkpk;Z% & vya fpUr;k] ,dSda o`QRok cks/;kfeA

;e% & vfgalklR;kLrs;czãp;kZifjxzgk% ;ek%A
fu;e% & 'kkSplUrks"kri%Lokè;k;s'ojizf.k/kukfu fu;ek%A
vklue~ & fLFkjlq[keklue~A
[Link];ke% & rfLeu~ lfr 'okliz'okl;ksxfZ rfoPNsn% [Link];ke%A
izR;kgkj% & Lofo"k;lEiz;ksxs fpÙkLo:ikuqdkj bosfUnz;[Link] izR;kgkj%A
/[Link] & ns'kcU/f'pÙkL; /[Link]
è;kue~ & r=k izR;;Sdrkurk è;kue~A
lekf/% & rnsokFkZek=kfuHkkZla Lo:i'kwU;feo lekf/%
,rRloZefi ;ksxkpk;Z% ';keiV~Vs fyf[kRok cks/;fr Nk=kk'p
LoLoiqfLrdklq fy[kfUr] vocqè;fUr pA
LofIuy% & vkpk;ZA ;ksxkÄ~xkuka ukekfu rq vLekfHk% lq"Bq Kkrkfu vocqn/ ~ kfu
pk¿fiA
lkEizra ;ksxkÄ~xkuka iQyefi Kkrqa egrh [Link] orZrAs
;ksxkpk;Z% & vke~ vke~ rnfi cks/;kfeA kÜ .` oUrq] fy[kUrq] vocqè;Urq p rkor~&
;e%&
vfgalk & vfgalkizfr"Bk;ka rRlfUu/kS oSjR;kx%A
lR;e~ & lR;izfr"Bk;ka fØ;kiQykJ;Roe~A
vLrs;e~ & vLrs;izfr"Bk;ka loZjRuksiLFkkue~A
czãp;Ze~ & czge~ p;Zifz r"Bk;ka oh;ZykHk%A
vifjxzg% & vifjxzgLFkS;Zs tUedFkUrklEcks/%A
cyjke% & vrho Kkuof/Zdk ,"kk d{kkA iqLrdky;a xRok¿fi ,rkor~ Kkua
izkIrqe'D;eklhr~ ;kn`'ke~ v| vL;ka d{kk;ka izkIre~A
fu;e%
'kkSpe~ & 'kkSpkRLokÄt õ xq Iq lk ijSjlalxZ%A lÙo'kqf¼lkSeuL;
,sdk X;sfsz Unz;t;kRen'kZu;ksX;Rokfu pA

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92 'kk'orh

lUrks"k% & lUrks"kknuqÙkelq[kykHk%A

ri% & dk;sfZ Unz;flfn~/% v'kqfn~/{k;kÙki%A
Lokè;k;% & Lokè;k;kfn"VnsorklEiz;ksx%A
bZ'ojizf.k/kue~ & lekf/flf¼jh'ojizf.k/kukr~A
(rnSo ?[Link]~ Hkofr)
losZ Nk=kk% & vkpk;Z! o`Qi;k vklu&[Link];kesR;kfnda Li"Vho`QR; ,o d{kka leki;rqA
v/sZ ek R;trqA
;ksxkpk;Z% & vke~ vke~ cks/;kfe vxzs vfiA
vklue~ & rrks }U}kufHk?kkr%
[Link];ke% & rr% {kh;rs izdk'[Link]~A /[Link] p ;ksX;rk eul%A
izR;kgkj% & rr% ijeko';rsfUnz;[Link]~A
/[Link] & è;ku&lekf/%& =k;esd=k la;e%A rTt;kRizKkyksd%A
;ksxkpk;Z% & 'kksHkue~A 'o% izk;ksfxda O;ogkja dfj";ke%] ;su HkoUr% ;efu;esR;knhuka
izR;{keuqHkoa fo/kL;fUrA
(,oa dFkf;Rok d{kkr% izLFkkua djksfr vkpk;Z%A Nk=kk% vfi g`"Veulk ijLija ;ksxppkZa
[Link]% lfUrA)

'kCnkFkkZ% fVIi.;'p
fHkfÙk"kq & fHkfÙk;ksa ij] nhokjksa ij (fHkfÙk] L=kh-] l-fo-]cgq-]o-])
dks¿fi & dksbZ Hkh (d%$vfi)
bnkuhe~ & tc (vO;;)
mi;ksfxuh & mi;ksxh] dke esa vkus okyh (mi$;qt~$f?kuq.k~$L=kh-)
mDre~ & dgk gqvk (op~$Dr)
Lokxre~ & 'kqHkkxeu] lq[kn vxokuh (lq$vk$xe~$Dr)
lE;xziw .s k & vPNh rjg ls (lE;d~$:is.k)
lksRlkge~ & mRlkg osQ lkFk (mRlkgsu lg)

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;ksxL; oSf'k"V~;e~ 93

fiz;PNk=kk% & fiz; Nk=k] (fiz;$Nk=kk%] rqd~)

fpÙko`fÙk% & fpÙk dh papyrk (fpÙkL; o`fÙk%)
fujks/% & jQdkoV (fu$jQ/~$?k×k~)
foi;Z;% & foijhr Kku (fo$ifj$b$vp~)
izR;;% & Kku (izfr$v;%] izfr$b$vp~)
fodYi% & 'kCntU; Kku ls jfgr
funzk & vHkkotU;KkukfJr o`fÙk
Le`fr% & vuqHkotU; izR;{khdj.k
vU;nfi & nwljk Hkh (vU;r~$vfi)
;e% & fu;a=k.k] la;e (;e~$?k×k~)
fu;e% & fu;a=k.k (;ksx dk ,d Hksn)
vklue~ & ;ksx esa cSBus dk <ax] (vkl~$Y;qV~)
[Link];ke% & 'okl [khapus] jksdus o fudkyus dh ,d fo'ks"k izfØ;k] tks iwjd
jspd] dqEHkd osQ :i esa gksrh gS (izk.k$vk;ke%)
izR;kgkj% & bfUnz;ksa dk neu (izfr$vk$â$?k×k~)
/[Link] & fpÙk dks la;fer djus dh 'kfDr
è;kue~ & euu] fpUru (è;S$Y;qV~)
lekf/% & czg~efpUru esa [Link] (le~$vk$/k$fd)
rRlfUu/kS & mlosQ ikl esa (rL; lfUu/kS)
vfgalk & eu] opu] deZ ls fdlh dks ihM+k u nsuk (u fgalk)
lR;e~ & okLrfod] fu"diVrk (lr~$;r~)
vLrs;e~ & pksjh u djuk (u Lrs;e~)
czãp;Ze~ & la;fer thou
vifjxzg% & lap; u djuk (u ifjxzg%)
'kkSpe~ & 'kqfprk] ifo=krk ('kqp~$?k×k~)
tqxqIlk & ?k`.kk (xqi~$lu~$v$Vki~)
lUrks"k% & larqf"V] r`".kkjfgr gksuk (lE;d~ rks"k%] le~$rq"k~$?k×k~)

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94 'kk'orh

vH;kl%
1- v/ksfyf[kriz'ukuka mÙkjkf.k laLo`Qrsu fy[kr A
(d) ;ksx% d% dF;rs\
([k) ekrq% eq[kkn~ ;ksxf'k{kk;k% fo"k;s dk Jqrorh\
(x) Nk=kk% dfLeu~ fo"k;s Kkrqe~ mRlqdk% lfUr\
(?k) [Link] dkfu\
(Ä) Le`fr% dk dF;rs\
(p) funzk dk Hkofr\
(N) ;ksxkÄõkfu dkfu\
(t) vfgalk dk dF;rs\
(>) vifjxzg% d% Hkofr\
(×k) osQ fu;ek%\
2- okD;ka'kkuke~ vk'k;a Li"VhoqQjQr A
(d) fLFkjlq[keklue~A
([k) ns'kcU/f'pÙkL; /[Link]
(x) czg~ep;Zizfr"Bk;ka oh;ZykHk%A
(?k) lUrks"kknuqÙke% lq[kykHk%A
(Ä) Lokè;k;kfn"VnsorklEiz;ksx%A
3- ^v*LrEHkL; okD;ka'kS% lg ^c*LrEHkL; okD;ka'kku~ esy;r A
(v) (c)
(d) 'kCnKkukuqikrh oLrq'kwU;% /[Link]
([k) fLFkjlq[ke~ oh;ZykHk%
(x) ns'kcU/fpÙkL; loZjRuksiLFkkue~
(?k) vLrs;izfr"Bk;ke~ fodYi%
(Ä) czg~ep;Zifz r"Bk;ke~ è;kue~
(p) izR;;Sdrkurk vklue~

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;ksxL; oSf'k"V~;e~ 95

4- fjDrLFkkukuka iwfrZa oqQjQr A

(d) ;ksx'kkL=ks 'kjhjL; eul%-----------------------------------izfriknua orZrsA
([k) vUrkjkf"Vª;;ksxfnol% twueklL;-----------------------------------ekU;rsA
(x) 'kkSplUrks"kri%-----------------------------------izf.k/kukfu fu;ek%A
(?k) -----------------------------------fØ;kiQykJ;Roe~A
(Ä) -----------------------------------feF;kKkuernzwiizfr"Be~A
5- v/ksfyf[krinkuka lfU/a foPNsna ok oqQjQr A
(d) Lokxre~ -----------------------------------$-----------------------------------

([k) dkyka'k% -----------------------------------$-----------------------------------

(x) vfr$bo -----------------------------------$-----------------------------------

(?k) fo|kè;;us¿fi -----------------------------------$-----------------------------------

(Ä) l$mRlkge~ -----------------------------------$-----------------------------------
(p) lE;xzwis.k -----------------------------------$-----------------------------------

(N) lfUuf/% -----------------------------------$-----------------------------------

6- v/ksfyf[krinkuka ewy'kCna foHkfDra opua fyÄõe~ p fy[kr A

inkfu ewy'kCn% foHkfDr% opue~ fyÄõe~
(d) vLekde~ -------------------------- -------------------------- -------------------------- --------------------------

([k) eul% -------------------------- -------------------------- -------------------------- --------------------------

(x) fpUr;k -------------------------- -------------------------- -------------------------- --------------------------

(?k) vÄõkfu -------------------------- -------------------------- -------------------------- --------------------------

(Ä) rfLeu~ -------------------------- -------------------------- -------------------------- --------------------------

(p) egrh -------------------------- -------------------------- -------------------------- --------------------------

(N) izfr"Bk;ke~ -------------------------- -------------------------- -------------------------- --------------------------

7- ikBek/`R; ;ksxL; egÙkka Lo'kCns"kq [Link];r A

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96 'kk'orh

;ksX;rkfoLrkj%
(v) ;ksxL; fof'k"VrÙokfu&
(d) ½rEHkjk r=k izKkA (;ksxlw=ke~] lk/uikn%] lw=kla[;k&48)
([k) vfo|kfLerkjkx}s"kkfHkfuos'kk% Dys'kk%A (;ksx- lk-] lw=k-&3)
(x) lq[kkuq'k;h jkx%A (;ksx- lk-] lw=k-&7)
(?k) nq%[kkuq'k;h }s"k%A (;ksx- lk-] lw=k-&8)
(Ä) tUekS"kf/eU=kri% lekf/tk% fl¼;%A (;ksx- oSQoY;ikn] lw=k-&1)
(vk) Jhen~Hkxon~xhrk&
(d) ;ksxLFk% oqQjQ dekZf.k lÄõa R;DRok /u×t;A
fln~è;fln~è;ks% leks HkwRok leRoa ;ksx mP;rsA (2@48)
([k) cqf¼;qDrks tgkrhg mHks lqo`Qrnq"o`QrsA
rLek|ksxk; ;qT;Lo ;ksx% deZlq dkS'kye~ AA (2@50)
(x) JqfrfoizfriUuk rs ;nk LFkkL;fr fu'pykA
lek/kopyk cqf¼Lrnk ;ksxeokIL;flAA (2@53)
(?k) rkfu lokZf.k la;E; ;qDr vklhr~ eRij%A
o'ks fg ;L;sfUnz;kf.k rL; izKk izfrf"BrkAA (2@61)

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