DBA Analysis Details Page
Design by Analysis Example 1.1 7.2(S)
Analysis Type: GPD-Check and PD-Check Member:
Direct Route using Elastic Compensation Strathclyde
FE-Software: ANSYS 5.4
Element Types: 8 – node, 2-D structural axisymmetric solid.
Boundary Conditions: No vertical displacement in the undisturbed end of the shell remote
from the flat end.
Axisymmetry from elements
Model and Mesh:
Number of elements – 339
Height of model – 500 mm
Results:
Maximum internal pressure according to the GPD-check: PSmax GPD = 60.1 MPa
Check against PD: Shakedown limit pressure PSmax GPD = 102.1 MPa
DBA Analysis Details Page
Design by Analysis Example 1.1 7.3(S)
1. Finite Element Mesh
Element divisions for the finite element mesh were defined parametrically to allow modification of
the element density. Analysis was carried out for a coarse mesh density and a much finer mesh
density to allow any alterations on the results to be noted. Finite element models were created using
linear 4-node 2-D axisymmetric solids, the analysis was repeated with higher order 8-node
structural 2-D axisymmetric solids, any alterations this may have on the results could also be noted.
The allowable pressure according to GPD and the shakedown pressure according to PD were
calculated from the model giving the greatest lower bounds. Here, the fine density mesh with 8-
node higher order elements gave the highest lower bounds.
Boundary conditions applied to the model reflect axisymmetry, applied via a key option when
defining the element type in the FE-software (axisymmetry around the vertical axis Y). The nodes
at the undisturbed end of the cylindrical shell have their vertical degree of freedom constrained to
zero to ensure that plane sections remain plane.
2. Material properties
Material strength parameter RM = 255 MPa , modulus of elasticity E = 212 GPa .
3. Determination of the maximum admissible pressure according to the GPD-Check
Using the application rule in prEN 13445-3 Annex B.9.2.2 to check against GPD, the principle is
fulfilled when for any load case the combination of the design actions do not exceed the design
resistance. This may be shown by calculating the limit load. The limit load has to be determined
using Tresca‘s yield condition and associated flow rule. As elastic compensation is based on a
series of elastic equilibrium stress fields, it is a relatively simple procedure to derive a lower bound
limit load directly from the Tresca yield model.
From prEN 13445-3 Annex B, Table B.9-3 the partial safety factor, γR on the resistance is 1.25.
Therefore, the design material strength parameter is given by RM/γR = 204 MPa. The analysis was
carried out using the elastic
compensation method conforming to
the direct route rules for GPD in
Annex B: linear elastic - ideal plastic
material law, Tresca’s yield
condition and associated flow rule
and first order theory.
In each elastic compensation
iteration an equilibrium stress field is
produced where the elastic modulus
of each subsequent iteration is
defined by the previous elastic
solution. In this way some regions
in the FE-model may be
systematically stiffened or weakened
depending upon the stress
magnitudes in the previous solution.
The result is, that every equilibrium Figure 7.2.1-1: Limit Stress Field (Tresca)
stress field is a lower bound of the
