Homespun Problem Gallery
Jason Lee
Last Updated August 22, 2024
Inspired by David Altizio’s “Homemade Problem Collection”.
Contents
1 Algebra 2
2 Combinatorics 6
3 Geometry 9
4 Number Theory 17
5 Miscellaneous 19
List of Competitions
• AMT: ASDAN Math Tournament (AoPS) (Blog) (Website)
• WAMO: Washington Math Olympiad (Spring 2024) (Fall 2024)
• WMC: Winter Math Competitions (2021) (2022) (2023) (2024)
• ZeMC: Ze Math Competitions (Website)
1
1 Algebra
1. (WMC 8 2021 #1) The Gettysburg Address began with the famous phrase “four score and seven years
ago”. How many years is that? (Recall that there are 20 years in a score.)
2. (WMC National 2024 Countdown #5) What is the value of 4 + 49 + 121 + 14 + 14 + 22 + 22 + 77 + 77?
3. (WMC Chapter 2024 Sprint #2) Most people think there is no difference between 2023-24 and 2023-2024.
Alas, they are wrong. What is the difference between 2023 − 24 and 2023 − 2024?
4. (WMC State 2024 Sprint #4) What is the value of 2024 + 2 × 024 + 20 × 24 + 202 × 4 + 2024?
5. (AMT 2022 Guts #4) What is the sum of the least and greatest positive integers with 1 repeated digit?
6. (WMC National 2024 Countdown #29) What is the value of 12 ÷ 3 × 45 ÷ 6 × 78 ÷ 9?
7. (WMC 10 2022 #1) What is the value of
( 34 )
( 2 ) 4
÷ ?
1 ( ( 32 ) )
1
8. (WMC 8 2021 #2) What is the sum of the digits of the quotient 3, 431, 969, 149 ÷ 7?
9. (WMC State 2024 Sprint #2) What is the value of 21 + 22 + 24 + 28 ?
√
−0.2
10. (WMC National 2024 Sprint #1) What is the value of −0.2?
√
11. (WMC National 2024 Sprint #12, with Ryan Shin) What is 3 4225 rounded to the nearest tenth?
12. (WMC National 2024 Sprint #2) Let m and n be distinct integers. What is the least possible value of
3m + 1, if reversing its digits gives 3n + 1?
13. (WMC Chapter 2024 Target #5) The United States of America is 72.626 times larger and has 31.442
times as many people as North Carolina. If the population density of the USA is 94.8 people per square
mile, what is the population density of North Carolina, to the nearest tenth?
14. (WMC 8 2021 #3) 5 siblings share a pie that is divided into 12 slices. The 3 youngest siblings eat 4
slices, while the 3 oldest siblings eat 9 slices. How many slices does the middle sibling eat?
15. (WMC 10 2023 #1) Which positive number is a quarter of its cube root?
16. (WMC Chapter 2024 Sprint #18) If u, s, l, a, c, and k are positive real numbers for which
a · s · k = c · a · l · c · u · l · u · s,
then l · u · c · k equals k raised to what power?
17. (WMC 8 2021 #5) Chirag sells 2 pencils and 3 pens for 5 dollars and 8 pens and 13 pencils for 21
dollars. For how many dollars does he sell 34 pencils and 55 pens?
18. (WMC 8 2021 #6) At Valley Vince’s Burgers, a burger costs $2.10. With Coupon A, Tyler can buy
each burger for $2.00, and with Coupon B, his grand total is decreased by $1.80. What is the least
number of burgers he must buy in order for Coupon A to be a better deal than Coupon B?
19. (WMC 8 2021 #7) An artist mixes red and blue paint to produce 100 pints of what she calls “perplexing
purple”. If she adds 10 pints of red paint and 10 pints of blue paint, the mixture becomes 20 percent
red paint. How many pints of blue paint are there in 150 pints of perplexing purple?
20. (WMC 10 2023 #5) Aster’s age is 75% of Sonjae’s age, and a decade ago, Sonjae was 75% older than
Aster. In how many years will Aster be 15% younger than Sonjae?
2
21. (WMC 10 2023 #3) A class has 120 students. To the nearest percent, 43% of the students are boys,
and 58% of the students are girls. How many boys attend the class?
√ √ √ √
22. (WMC National 2024 Sprint #7) Let m and n be integers satisfying n m = 3 2 and m n = 4 3. What
is the value of m + n?
23. (WMC Chapter 2024 Sprint #14) The product of three consecutive positive integers differs by 10 from
the cube of the middle integer. What is the sum of the integers?
24. (WMC 8 2021 #15) Two increasing sequences of positive integers both have first term 1. In one
sequence, the mean of the first k terms is k, and in the other sequence, the range of the first k terms is
k, for every positive integer k > 1. What is the difference between the 100th terms of the sequences?
25. (WMC 8 2021 #19) Sarah writes down the numbers 2 and 3 on a whiteboard. Every minute, she writes
down the product of the previous two numbers, e.g., the next 3rd number she writes down is 2 × 3 = 6.
How many divisors does the 10th number have?
26. (WMC 10 2023 #6) Let n be an even positive integer. In a sequence of n consecutive three-digit
integers, the product of the middle two terms exceeds the product of the least and greatest terms by
182. What is the value of n?
27. (WMC 10 2022 #9) The three-term sequences A and G are arithmetic and geometric, respectively, and
they share the same middle term of k, where k > 0. The common difference of A and the common ratio
of G are both 4, and the product of the terms of A is equal to the sum of the terms of G. What is k?
√
q p
k
28. (WMC Chapter 2024 Sprint #26) If 2 = 4 4 . . . 4, where there are 8 radicals, what is k?
29. (WMC Chapter 2024 Sprint #20) If p2 + pq = 90% and pq + q 2 = 10%, what is the value of p2 + q 2 ?
30. (WMC Chapter 2024 Target #7) In a 3-term arithmetic sequence, the product of the first 2 terms is
63, and the product of the last 2 terms is 84. What is the product of the first and last terms?
31. (WMC 10 2023 #8) Twenty concentric semicircles have coinciding diameters and radii ranging from 1
to 20, as shown. What is the area of the region of all points that lie inside an odd number of semicircles?
..
.. . .
. ..
32. (AMT 2022 Individual #6) Let n? denote the sum of the first n positive integers. Find n if
(n + 1)?(n + 4)? 999999
= .
(n + 2)?(n + 3)? 1000000
33. (WMC 10 2023 #11) Let a, b, and c be positive integers such that a + b + c, ab + c, and a + bc are
consecutive integers in increasing order. What is abc?
34. (WMC State 2024 Target #2) Call an ℓ × w rectangle bronze if, when three w × w squares are cut out
from one end, the resulting rectangle is a scaled version of the original rectangle. If bronze rectangle
has width w = 1 in, what is its length?
35. (⋆) (WMC National 2024 Sprint #20) The graph of y = wx2 + mx − 2024 and the x-axis determine a
region of base 20 and height 24. What is the value of w?
36. (WMC 8 2021 #25) For any positive integer n, let C(n) be the number of digits in n, and let S(n) be
the sum of its digits. How many positive integers n satisfy C(n)C(n) = S(n)?
3
37. (WMC 10 2022 #17) In rectangle ABCD with AB = 12 and BC = 9, points W , X, Y , and Z lie
on sides AB, BC, CD, and DA respectively such that AW and CX are integers. If W XY Z is a
parallelogram with area 50, what is its perimeter?
38. (AMT 2022 Individual #10) Let −100 ≤ a, b, c ≤ 100 be nonzero integers. Find the probability that
the graph of ax2 + bxy + cy 2 = 0 divides the unit circle into four regions of equal area.
39. (AMT 2023 Individual #8) Let x and y be positive reals such that
(x + y)2 − x2 − y 2 xy
= .
(x + y)3 − x3 − y 3 600
Find the minimum value of (x + 1)(y + 1).
40. (⋆) (WMC National 2024 Team #5) Let a and b be integers such that
a + (a + 1) + · · · + b = 56
a + (a + 1)3 + · · · + b3 = 4256.
3
What is the greatest possible value of a2 + (a + 1)2 + · · · + b2 ?
41. (ZeMC 10 2023 #20) Ruben writes down a system of equations. Serge spills coffee on the paper,
covering a number:
x+y+z =7
xy + yz + xz = 8
xyz = ■
However, Ruben remembers that there were exactly three ordered triples (x, y, z) of positive reals
satisfying the system of equations. What was the covered number?
42. (WMC 10 2023 #18) What is the least possible area of a circle centered at (5, 2) that intersects the
graph of x = y 2 − 4y + 3?
43. (WMC 10 2022 #7) Abby is solving a system of equations in her homework, but the operations in the
equations are missing, as shown below.
x y = 55
y z = 89
z x = 34
Not bothering to clarify with her teacher, she fills in each blank with a + or a − at random. What is
the probability that there is a solution to the resulting system of equations?
44. (WMC 10 2023 #20) What is the value of the infinite product
√1
√
2
√
3
√4
√6
√
8
√
9 √
1 · 2 · 3 · 4 · 6 · 8 · 9 · ... · n n · ...,
which ranges over all positive integers n without any prime divisors other than 2 and 3?
45. (⋆) (WMC National 2024 Target #6) Let a, b, c, and d be real numbers such that
a + b + c + d = 36
ab + bc + cd + da = 320
abc + bcd + cda + dab = 800
abcd + bcda + cdab + dabc = 2000.
What is the greatest possible value of a?
4
46. (WMC 10 2022 #21) The Centinacci sequence . . . , C−1 , C0 , C1 , . . . is defined by Cn = 0 for n < 0,
C0 = 1, and Cn = Cn−1 + · · · + Cn−100 for n > 0. What is the greatest k such that 2k divides C123 ?
47. (AMT 2022 Individual #12) Find the value of
i+3
j+1
X
i+3 i+4
.
i>j>1 j+2 j+2
2m 2m
48. (AMT 2022 Guts #19) Let m, n > 1 be integers. Suppose that the ratio 1−cos x−sin x
1−cos2n x−sin2n x
is constant
for all real x such that the ratio is defined. What is the sum of all possible values of this constant ratio?
49. (WMC National 2024 Team #8) Flora’s and Tristan’s favorite sequences are defined by F0 = T0 = 0,
F1 = T1 = 1, and for all k ≥ 2:
Fk = Fk−1 + Fk−2
Tk = Tk−1 + k.
The value of F0 T2024 + F1 T2023 + F2 T2022 + · · · + F2024 T0 can be expressed in the form Fm − n (where
m, n > 0). What is the least possible value of m + n?
5
2 Combinatorics
1. (WMC 8 2021 #10) Key, Fire, and Jupiter play a board game. Key plays first, then Fire, then Jupiter,
then back to Key, and so on. At some point in the game, n turns have been played in total, and Fire
has played 6 turns. What is the sum of all possible values of n?
2. (AMT 2022 Bingo #8) Nathan chooses two integers a, b > 1 and computes a2 + 2b and a+b
2 , expecting
them to be equal. To his surprise, he finds that they differ by exactly a million! How many ordered
pairs (a, b) could he have chosen?
3. (WMC 8 2021 #20) In how many ways can the 7 Harry Potter books and the 5 Percy Jackson books
be displayed on a bookshelf so that both the Harry Potter books and the Percy Jackson books are in
order? One such ordering is shown below.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
I II III IV V
4. (WMC 8 2021 #11) A Connect Four grid has dimensions 6 by 7. A four-in-a-row is a set of 4 cells that
are horizontally, vertically, or diagonally consecutive. How many four-in-a-rows are there in a Connect
Four grid? Shown below is one possibility.
5. (WMC National 2024 Sprint #11) Zion picks a 3-letter string without the letter “Z”. What is the
probability that the string doesn’t contain adjacent consonants? (Assume that “Y” is never a vowel.)
6. (WMC 10 2022 #6) Justin flips a fair coin 4 times and records the outcomes. What is the probability
that there is a sequence of 2 or more consecutive heads?
7. (WMC National 2024 Sprint #13) Each face of a 2024 × 2024 × 2024 cube is painted in a checkered
pattern of cobalt and crimson. What is the average number of cobalt faces on any 1 × 1 × 1 cube?
8. (⋆) (WMC National 2024 Sprint #17) For how many positive integers with one or more all distinct
digit(s) do any two adjacent digits differ by 1?
9. (WMC 10 2023 #7) Ari the ant begins at the origin, and each second he crawls a unit either due east
or due north at random. After 6 seconds, what is the probability that he is on or below the line y = x?
10. (WAMO Spring 2024 Short-Answer #5) Ryan has 5 red, 5 green, and 5 blue balls, as well as a red, a
green, and a blue box. In how many ways can he place 5 balls in each box so that the majority of the
balls in each box matches the box’s color?
11. (WMC 10 2023 #9) In the pentagram shown, how many distinct paths along the drawn segments visit
each vertex exactly once? (A path is distinguished by both shape and direction.)
6
12. (WMC 10 2022 #11) In how many ways can 18 indistinguishable adults and 6 indistinguishable children
stand in a line such that any 2 children are separated by at least 3 adults?
√
13. (WMC√ 10 2022 #20) Call a positive integer n nearly-square if n is expressed in simplest radical form
as a b, where a > b > 1 are integers. How many of the first 1000 positive integers are nearly-square?
14. (WMC 8 2021 #23) The sides and diagonals of convex octagon ABCDEF GH are drawn. How many
paths are there starting at A and ending at H along the drawn segments so that no vertex is visited
more than once? The diagram below shows a valid path in green and an invalid path in red.
A B
H C
G D
F E
15. (WMC National 2024 Sprint #15) In the grid of unit equilateral triangles shown here, how many paths
from A to B have length 6? Retracing edges is disallowed.
A B
16. (⋆) (WMC 10 2022 #19) Ari the ant visits each vertex of a convex octagon exactly once in some order,
crawling in straight lines from vertex to vertex. What is the probability that his path self-intersects?
For example, the left path shown below is valid, but the right path is invalid.
17. (WMC 10 2023 #19) How many positive integers n ≤ 100 have a greater digit sum than that of 2n?
18. (WMC 10 2023 #21) How many permutations (a, b, c, d, e, f ) of (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5) satisfy
ef fa a b bc cd de
cd de ef fa ab bc
ab + bc + cd + de + ef + fa < 1000?
7
19. (WMC 10 2022 #23) For all non-negative integers n, let f (n) be the least number of pennies, dimes,
and quarters needed to amount to n cents in total. What is the greatest positive integer k such that
f (n) = k for some n < 100?
20. (AMT 2022 Bingo #10) Set S initially contains 2 distinct points. Every second, for each pair of points
P, Q in S, the reflections of P across Q and Q across P are added to the set. After a dozen seconds, S
contains n more distinct points than it did initially. What is the largest prime factor of n?
21. (WMC National 2024 Team #9) Five subsets are randomly and independently chosen from the set
{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}. What is the expected number of subsets of their union?
22. (WMC 10 2022 #25) A negligibly small grasshopper hops onto a random point on a horizontal sidewalk
with meter-long tiles separated by negligibly thin grooves. It proceeds to hop in the horizontal direction
with each hop of a constant length less than a meter, which it chooses uniformly at random. Exactly
4 of its hops (including the initial hop onto the sidewalk) land in the first tile it hops across. What is
the probability that exactly 4 hops land in the second tile it hops across?
23. (AMT 2022 Individual #9) A logical proposition is written on a whiteboard. Every second, the propo-
sition on the whiteboard is replaced with either its converse, its inverse, or its contrapositive at random.
Find the probability that the proposition on the whiteboard after a minute necessarily has the same
truth value as the original one.
24. (WMC National 2024 Target #8) A 3 × 3 × 3 Rubik’s Cube is made from 26 1 × 1 × 1 “cubies” and
an internal pivot that allows any face to be independently rotated 90◦ in either direction (“twisted”).
If a Rubik’s Cube is twisted thrice, what is the expected number of cubies that end up in a different
location on the whole cube?
25. (WMC 10 2022 #24) Each vertex of a cube is colored red, green, or blue. Then, for each face, define its
color-count to be the multiset of the frequencies of all colors present amongst its vertices. For example,
the left face shown below has color-count {1, 1, 2}, while the right face has color-count {4}.
For how many such colorings is the color-count of each face the same? (Two colorings are considered
identical if and only if one can be rotated to match the other.)
26. (⋆) (WAMO Spring 2024 Short-Answer #15, with Ryan Shin) Alex, Bruce, and Ryan pass around a
hot potato in a circle, starting with Alex. Each person holds the potato for random duration between 2
and 5 seconds before passing it to the next person, and whoever is holding the potato when it explodes
loses the game. If the potato explodes after 10 seconds, the probability that Alex loses the game can
be expressed as the common fraction m n . Find m + n.
8
3 Geometry
1. (WMC 8 2021 #4) Shown below is a student’s sketch of the state of Nevada. Its western and northern
borders are 30 millimeters long, and its eastern border is 60 millimeters long. What is the area of his
sketch in square millimeters?
30
30
60
2. (WMC 10 2022 #3) Two squares of side lengths 1 and 2 lie within a third square of side length 3, as
shown below. What is the area of the shaded region?
3. (WMC National 2024 Sprint #3) In the figure shown, a 1 cm × 2 cm grid and a 1 cm × 3 cm grid
overlap. What is the area of the shaded region?
4. (WMC 10 2023 #2) Benny shades in the interior angles of a triangle with circular sectors of radius 1,
as shown. What is the total area he shades?
5. (WMC 10 2022 #8) What is the length of the segment marked with a question mark below?
6
2
3
?
3
2
6. (WAMO Spring 2024 Short-Answer #2) Shown below is a snake of length nπ that has coiled its body
into semicircular arcs on a segment of length 2024. What is n?
9
7. (WMC Chapter 2024 Target #2) The 1′ ×11′ and 1′ ×18′ planks, shown here, overlap at a 1′ ×1′ region.
If the three shaded regions are congruent, what is the length of the shortest rope (in bold below) that
can completely bound this cross? Express your answer as a decimal to the nearest hundredth.
8. (WMC State 2024 Sprint #7, with Wendi Zeng) In the figure shown, what is the ratio of the the golden
area to the total silver area?
9. (WMC National 2024 Sprint #8) The shaded region, shown here, has area 6π in2 . What is the length
of its inner circumference?
10. (WMC National 2024 Countdown #7) In a triangle of area 2025, the perpendicular trisectors of the
sides determine a smaller triangle. What is the area of the shaded region?
11. (WMC National 2024 Countdown #11) In the figure shown, what is the length of the segment indicated
by the question mark?
10
12. (WMC National 2024 Countdown #31) In the figure shown, Abby cuts out two unit squares at opposite
corners of a 3 × 4 index card. What is the degree measure of the marked angle?
13. (WMC National 2024 Countdown #3) An altitude of what length can split a right triangle into smaller
triangles of areas 1 and 2?
14. (WMC State 2024 Team #1) Jae tries to measure the diagonal of a television set with a five-foot
measuring tape, but the tape is too short. If the dimensions in feet of the television are consecutive
integers, what is the least possible area of the television?
15. (WMC Chapter 2024 Sprint #21) ABCD is a tilted square. The horizontal lines through A and C and
the vertical lines through B and D determine a region of area 43 cm2 . The verticals through A and C
and the horizontals through B and D determine a region of area 97 cm2 . What is the area of ABCD?
16. (WMC National 2024 Countdown #52, with Wendi Zeng) A cylindrical vat of diameter 20 and height
24 is filled to the brim with ice cream. How many spherical scoops of radius 1 does it contain?
17. (WMC 8 2021 #12) A building has dimensions 12 miles by 15 miles, and points X and Y are located
5 miles north and 8 miles east of the building respectively, as shown below. In a race from X to Y ,
Nick the ghost can drift through the building, while Harry the human must run around it, and both
take optimal routes. To the nearest integer, how many miles shorter is Nick’s route than Harry’s?
X
5
15
Y
12 8
18. (AMT 2022 Guts #6) A circle centered at the origin passes through the point (99, 101) and intersects
the positive coordinate axes at X and Y . What is the area of the circle with diameter XY ?
19. (WMC National 2024 Sprint #10) In the coordinate plane, let ℓ be a line through the origin, and let P
be the foot of the altitude from the point (3, 4) to ℓ. As ℓ rotates about the origin, what is the length
of the curve traced out by P?
20. (WMC National 2024 Countdown #42) What is the area of the region determined by the graphs of
x = 2024, y = x2 , and y = x2 + 2x?
11
21. (WMC State 2024 Sprint #14) Triangle ABC has side lengths AB = BC = 20 cm and CA = 24 cm. If
D is the reflection of A across B, what is the length of segment CD?
22. (AMT 2022 Bingo #12) Austin draws a line through the origin, where the angle it makes √ with the
x-axis is uniformly random. What is probability that it intersects the graph of |x| + |y − 3| = 1?
23. (WMC Chapter 2024 Sprint #23) Circles ω and Ω have diameter and radius 1. The circumference of
Ω bisects the circumference of ω, which in turn splits the circumference of Ω into a major arc and a
minor arc. What is the ratio of the length of the minor arc to the length of the major arc?
24. (WMC State 2024 Sprint #20, with Amy Yuan) In the figure shown, Mickey Mouse’s ears are semicir-
cular arcs whose endpoints trisect the top half of his face’s boundary. What is the ratio of his entire
head’s width (including his ears) to its height?
25. (WMC National 2024 Sprint #14) Quadrilateral GOAT has GT = 20 in, OA = 24 in, and m∠G =
m∠O = 90◦ . What is the area of the circle with diameter AT, given that it is tangent to GO?
26. (WMC National 2024 Countdown #27) A triangle has side lengths 13, 14, and 15. What is the ratio
of the median median to the highest height?
27. (WMC State 2024 Team #3) A robot has a tetrahedral nose. The front face is an equilateral triangle
of side length 3 cm, the tip and top are 4 cm apart, and the top is 5 cm away from each of the bases.
What is the volume of the nose?
top
tip
base base
28. (WMC Chapter 2024 Sprint #17) Rounded down to the nearest integer, what is the ratio of the area
of a unit circle to the area of an equilateral triangle of side length 1?
29. (WMC 8 2021 #21) A circle with integer area intersects a rectangle with side lengths 2 and 6 at 8
points. What is the sum of the least and greatest possible areas of the circle?
30. (WMC 8 2021 #17) 6 circles are centered at the vertices of a regular hexagon, as shown below. 13
intersection points result, 1 at the center and 6 at the vertices. The remaining 6 points determine
another hexagon with an area how many times that of the original hexagon?
12
31. (WMC State 2024 Sprint #22, with Wendi Zeng) 2 tangent circles centered at A and B have radii 1 in
and 2 in. A line is tangent to both circles at C and D. What is the greatest possible area of ABCD?
32. (WMC 8 2021 #22) Rohan labels the vertices of a 3 × 4 sheet of paper as P , Q, R, and S, in that
order going clockwise, so that P Q is along the long side. Then, he folds the rectangle across P R to
determine whether it is a line of symmetry. He finds it isn’t, and proceeds to measure the length QS
to see by how much the fold was “inaccurate”. What length should he obtain?
S
P Q
33. (WMC National 2024 Sprint #19) The areas of a right triangle and its inscribed circle are 202 cm2 and
4π cm2 , respectively. What is the area of its circumscribed circle?
34. (WMC State 2024 Team #8) A semicircle of radius 1 m is carved out of the western wall of a 2 m
by 4 m rectangular room. If a single, negligibly small lightbulb is placed inside, what is the largest
possible percentage of the room that can be lit?
35. (WMC National 2024 Sprint #23) Trapezoid ABCD has side lengths AB = BC = CD = 20 in and
DA = 24 in. The circles with diameters AB, BC, and CD meet at two points P and Q other than
A, B, C, and D. What is the length of segment PQ?
36. (WMC National 2024 Countdown #46, “with” Benny Wang) In the semicircle shown here, two altitudes
of lengths 4 and 6 are constructed 10 units apart. What is the area of the shaded region?
6
4
10
√ √ √
37. (WMC National 2024 Countdown #35) What is the area of a triangle of side lengths 5, 10, 13?
38. (⋆) (WMC 10 2022 #10) An equilateral triangle lies inside a square that lies inside a regular pentagon,
and all three polygons share a side, as shown below. What is the degree measure of the marked angle?
13
39. (WMC 10 2023 #13) A circle has center O and diameter AB = 1. Let C be a point on its circumference,
and let the tangent line at C intersect the angle bisector of ∠BOC at D. If AC = 53 , what is BD?
40. (WMC National 2024 Team #4) A unit circle is centered at each vertex of a convex equilateral 180-gon
of side length 1 ft. What is the area inside the circles but outside the 180-gon?
41. (WMC State 2024 Sprint #24) Three or more sides of a regular octagon of side length 2 cm are extended
to form a new polygon. What is the greatest possible area of this new polygon?
42. (WMC National 2024 Target #7) Each of three points are 1 cm away from the other two. A segment
connecting two of the points is rotated 180◦ around the third point. What is the area of the region it
sweeps out during its rotation?
43. (WMC 10 2022 #15) Three diagonals are drawn in a regular hexagon of side length 1, splitting the
hexagon into several regions. What is the least possible area of such a region?
44. (WMC National 2024 Countdown #18) Let A = (−25, 0) and B = (25, 0), and let C be a lattice point
distinct from A and B on the circle of diameter AB. What is the expected area of triangle ABC?
45. (WMC National 2024 Countdown #44, with Leo Hong and Wendi Zeng) An ice cream cone has base
radius 3 cm and height 4 cm. Three congruent spherical scoops are tangent to each other and to the
lateral surface of the cone. What is the largest possible radius of one scoop?
46. (WMC National 2024 Team #1) Fold a sheet of paper, hold it by two points as shown, and push the
corner down. What is the area of the resulting flap, shaded below?
47. (AMT 2022 Guts #15) Quadrilateral ABCD has side lengths AB = 10, CD = 20, and AD = BC = 5.
Point E is such that BE ⊥ CD and △ACE is isosceles. What is the sum of all possible values of DE 2 ?
48. (WMC Chapter 2024 Target #8) A cube of side length 10 cm is suspended in midair. If the sun is
directly overhead, what is the largest possible area of the cube’s shadow?
49. (WMC National 2024 Sprint #26) Triangle WMC has side lengths WM = 20 cm and WC = 24 cm.
Two circles passing through W, M and W, C are externally tangent to each other and to side MC. What
is the sum of their radii?
50. (WMC State 2024 Team #10) In the figure shown, the triangle has side lengths 3 cm, 4 cm, and 5 cm.
What fraction of the triangle is covered by the three circles, to the nearest hundred thousandth?
51. (WMC National 2024 Countdown #50) Problem 7 of the WMC State Target Round asked for the
fraction of the largest square below that is shaded, where the pattern is infinite.
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What is the 3D version’s answer, i.e., a unit cube minus the inscribed octahedron plus the doubly
inscribed cube minus the triply inscribed octahedron and so on?
52. (WMC State 2024 Sprint #28) Triangle ABC has side lengths AB = 3 cm, BC = 4 cm, and CA = 5
cm. D is the foot of the altitude from B; and E and F are on AB and AC, respectively, such that DE
and DF bisect ∠ADB and ∠BDC. What is the area of triangle DEF?
53. (WMC National 2024 Sprint #28, “with” Benny Wang and Brian Zhang) Square MATH has side length
5 ft. Point E is on diagonal MT, and the circle through T, E, and A meets side TH at point S. If the
area of quadrilateral SEAT is 9 ft2 , what is the area of quadrilateral MESH?
54. (⋆) (WMC 10 2023 #23) Points P and Q lie inside square ABCD of side length 10 so that quadrilaterals
ABP Q, BCP Q, CDQP , and DAQP have areas 28, 30, 43, and 40, respectively. What is P Q?
55. (⋆) (WMC State 2024 Sprint #30) A square of side length 1 and an annulus of inner radius 2 and
outer radius 4 (shown here) are in the same plane. Let d be the shortest distance between a point on
the square and a point not on the annulus. What is the greatest possible value of d?
56. (WMC National 2024 Sprint #30) The four circles shown here are concentric. If the three largest circles
have areas 2π m2 , 5π m2 , and 10π m2 , what is the area of the triangle?
57. (WMC National 2024 Target #4) Triangle GEO is inscribed in circle Ω. The angle trisectors of ∠G
meet Ω at points A and L distinct from G. If triangle ALG has side lengths 3 in, 4 in, and 5 in, what
is the area of convex pentagon ALEGO?
58. (WMC 10 2023 #15) In a triangle of side lengths 13, 14, and 15, let I be the center of the inscribed
circle. The three lines through I that are parallel to the sides intersect the perimeter of the triangle at
six points. What is the area of convex hexagon determined by these six points?
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59. (WMC National 2024 Team #7) Triangle ABC has altitudes BD and CE. Points F and G lie on sides
AB and AC, respectively, so that BC ∥ DF ∥ EG. If BC = 5 in, DF = 4 in, and EG = 3 in, what is the
area of triangle ADE?
WM green area
60. (WAMO Spring 2024 Short-Answer #13) In the figure shown, if WO = red area = 45 , find WA
MO .
M O
61. (⋆) (WMC National 2024 Countdown #48) Rear Range is hewing a wooden regular octagon into a
tangram. She chops through the midpoint of every second side to produce the five pieces shown here: a
square with half the perimeter of the octagon, and four congruent pentagons whose sum of perimeters
exceeds the perimeter of the octagon by 28. What is the area of the tangram?
2
62. (⋆) (WMC National 2024 √ Team #10)
√ Jason folds the paper quarter circle of area π cm along the
creases of lengths 2 cm, 2 cm, and 2 cm, in that order. What is the area of the resulting shape?
63. (⋆) (WMC 10 2023 #25) In a quarter circle with center O and arc endpoints A and B, let C be a
point on arc AB, and let the angle trisectors of ∠ACB intersect segments AO and BO at D and E,
respectively. If AD = 3 and BE = 4, what is the area of triangle ABC?
64. (⋆) (WMC 10 2022 #22) Three right circular cones each with base radius 15 and height 20 share the
same vertex, and their bases are pairwise tangent.
√ The
√ height of the smallest possible fourth cone that
contains the other three cones in its interior is m + n, where m and n are integers. What is m + n?
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4 Number Theory
1. (WMC Chapter 2024 Sprint #12) What is the least positive integer that is 2 less than a multiple of 3,
3 less than a multiple of 4, and 4 less than a multiple of 5?
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2. (WMC 10 2023 #4) How many ordered pairs (m, n) of positive integers satisfy mn = 22 ?
3. (WMC 8 2021 #14) In the sport basketball, players can score 2-point shots, 3-point shots, or free
throws each worth 1 point. In a basketball game, a team scores a 2-point shots, b 3-point shots, and
17 free throws for a final score of 112. How many possible values are there for a?
4. (WMC 8 2021 #18) The single digits are permuted and combined to form a positive integer, such as
0981276345 or 9018723654. What is the probability that the number is divisible by 21 , 32 , and 53 ?
5. (WMC 10 2022 #4) How many positive integer multiples of 42 have 42 divisors?
6. (WMC National 2024 Target #5) The range of the remainders when a positive integer n is divided by
each of 1, 2, . . . , n − 1 is 2024. What is the sum of all possible values of n?
7. (AMT 2022 Bingo #4) Function f receives positive integer inputs and repeatedly takes the sum of the
digits until it reaches a single digit, which is outputted. For example, f (3443) = 5 since 3443 7→ 14 7→ 5.
For how many n ≤ 1000 is f (n) even?
8. (WMC National 2024 Countdown #16) The number 2024 has 5 (not necessarily distinct) prime divisors
in 2, 2, 2, 11, and 23. A number with 2024 divisors has d (not necessarily distinct) prime divisors.
What is the least possible value of d?
9. (WMC 8 2021 #9) Robin writes down the first n positive integers and removes all numbers with the
digit 0. If the remaining list is 111 integers long, what is n?
10. (WMC 10 2023 #10) What is the least possible positive sum of three integers multiplying to 2025?
11. (WMC 8 2021 #24) A positive integer n is called plentiful if the product of its divisors other than itself
is greater than n. For example, 12 is plentiful, since its proper divisors 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6 multiply to
144, which is greater than 12. How many of the first 50 positive integers are plentiful?
12. (WMC National 2024 Sprint #18) Let a, b, and c be positive integers such that abc = 26 × 32 × 52 ,
gcd(a, b, c) = 2, and gcd(a, b) gcd(b, c) gcd(c, a) = 24 × 3 × 5. What is the value of lcm(a, b, c)?
13. (⋆) (WMC State 2024 Sprint #29) When written as an English word, how many of the first 100
positive integers have as many factors as syllables?
14. (WMC 10 2022 #12) The 6-digit base-2 integer ABCDEFtwo and the 6-digit base-10 integer ABCDEFten
are both multiples of 6. What is the 6-digit base-6 integer ABCDEFsix , expressed in base-10?
15. (WMC National 2024 Countdown #24) How many positive integers at most 100 can be expressed in
more than one way as the unordered product of two (not necessarily distinct) positive integers that end
in the same digit? (For example, 36 = 1 × 36 = 6 × 6 is one such number.)
16. (AMT 2022 Guts #14) Let A, B, C, D, and E be digits such that 2 | AB 3 , 3 | ABC 4 , 4 | ABCD5 ,
and 5 | ABCDE 6 . What is the decimal sum of all possible values of A · B · C · D · E?
17. (WMC 10 2022 #14) Let n be a randomly chosen divisor of 306 . What is the probability that 2n has
more divisors than 3n and 5n?
18. (WMC 10 2023 #24) Call a multiple of 3 triple-looking if 1 of its digits can be deleted to leave another
multiple of 3. What is the probability that a random 5-digit multiple of 3 is triple-looking?
19. (WMC National 2024 Sprint #21) How many ordered pairs (m, n) of single-digit positive integers satisfy
1 1 1 1
+ = + ?
m n gcd(m, n) lcm(m, n)
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20. (WMC National 2024 Sprint #27) Let m and n be positive integers such that the least common multiple
of the first m positive integers is n times as small as the least common multiple of the next m positive
integers. What is least value of m for which n is a multiple of 210?
21. (WMC State 2024 Team #9) For how many ordered triples (a, b, c), where 1 ≤ a, b, c ≤ 10 are distinct
integers, does the equation ax + b = c have a positive integer solution in x?
22. (WMC 10 2023 #16) When Brian assigns his n students to classes of size 20, there is 1 student left
over. With classes of size 21, there are 4 students left over. With classes of size 22, there are 9 students
left over. With classes of size 23, there are 16 students left over. What is the least possible value of n?
23. (WAMO Spring 2024 Short-Answer #11) How many divisors of 1010045120210252210120045010001
end in the digit 1?
24. (AMT 2022 Individual #8) Call n divicient if the number of divisors of n, divided by n itself, exceeds
1 d(10) 4 1
4 . For example, 10 is divicient, since 10 = 10 > 4 . How many positive integers are divicient?
25. (WMC State 2024 Target #8) For each positive integer n, let d(n) denote the number of divisors of n.
How many integers 1 ≤ n ≤ 100 satisfy
d(d(n)) = d(d(. . . d(n) . . . ))?
| {z }
2024 d’s
26. (⋆) (WMC 10 2022 #16) Three rational simplified fractions have denominators of 20, 21, and 30.
What is the least possible denominator that the simplified sum of the three fractions could have?
27. (WMC National 2024 Team #6) An ordered triple of positive integers is called a trivisor of their
product. What is the sum of the three least integers with 1260 trivisors?
28. (WMC National 2024 Sprint #29) The nth triangular number is the sum of the first n positive integers,
and the nth tetrahedral number is the sum of the first n triangular numbers. What fraction of the first
2024 tetrahedral numbers are divisible by 2024?
29. (⋆) (WMC 10 2023 #22) Consider a positive integer, no three of whose divisors have the same units
digit. If it has as many divisors as possible, what is the least possible sum of its divisors?
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5 Miscellaneous
1. (WMC State 2024 Sprint #1) How many letters of “MOSES THE MOOSEY” must be replaced (not
added, deleted, or moved) to give “MOSES THE MOUSSE”?
2. (WMC 10 2022 #2) Two non-congruent rectangles with integer side lengths have the same area. What
is the least possible difference between their perimeters?
3. (WMC National 2024 Countdown #33) Call a positive integer a perfect power if it is expressible in form
mn , where m and n are√integers greater than 1. There are unique digits A and B such that 1AB + 1,
2AB, 3AB, and 4AB − 4 are all perfect powers. What is the value of the two-digit integer AB?
4. (WMC National 2024 Countdown #26) How many (not necessarily distinct) notes are played in this
video? Pretend that he isn’t a violinist trying to be a pianist and actually played all the notes perfectly,
and that he doesn’t do anything silly at the end.
5. (WMC 8 2021 #13) Ms. White assigns the numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 to Alice, Bob, Carol, David,
Eve, and Frederick in some order, so that each student knows their own number, but none of the others’
numbers. She proceeds to announce the following:
• Alice’s number is less than Bob’s number,
• Carol’s number is the square of David’s number, and
• Eve’s number is greater than Frederick’s number.
Frederick promptly exclaims, “I know what Eve’s number is!” What is the sum of Alice’s, Carol’s, and
Eve’s numbers?
6. (WMC 10 2023 #12) After Anna, Grace, Kevin, and Lucy take a test, Dr. Blackburn discovers that
• the mean of Anna’s, Grace’s, and Kevin’s scores is 91,
• the median of Grace’s, Kevin’s, and Lucy’s scores is 92,
• the unique mode of Kevin’s, Lucy’s, and Anna’s scores is 93, and
• the range of Lucy’s, Anna’s, and Grace’s scores is k.
What is the sum of all possible values of k?
7. (WAMO Spring 2024 Short-Answer #9, with Bruce Shu) For how many positive integers n ̸= 2024
does 20242 − n2 evenly divide 20243 − n3 ?
8. (WMC National 2024 Sprint #25, with Rohan Shivakumar) Wolfram marks n points on a circle. The
number of convex polygons with vertices among these n points is the 130-digit integer
5545339388241629719156828 . . . 143657948222551.
What is the value of n?
9. (AMT 2022 Power #13) Can the tetrahedron generated by the standard basis be dissected into finitely
many polyhedra which may be rearranged to form the tetrahedron generated by a unitriangular matrix?
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10. (⋆) (WAMO Spring 2024 Proof #5, Modified) Kyle is coloring squares on an infinite grid. For each
square he colors, his “score” is incremented by how many of its 8 neighbors were previously colored.
For example, coloring the center square below would increment his score by 6.
For all positive
√ integers n, Kyle’s maximum score after coloring n squares is within a constant margin
of An − B n, where A and B are constants. Determine the ordered pair (A, B).
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