Database Summary

Created @July 31, 2023 10:38 AM

Class ipt

Type Summary

Reviewed

Fat client vs thin client

Processing occurs at the machine

All the energy

Can draw on resources there

Problem

Harder to manage

Install software, need to install on multiple machines one by one

Can work independently

Do pretty much everything else

Example:

Office on machine

Uses resources of machine

Data sits on machine

Workstation where you have power in front of you

using processing power from your computer

Thin

Processing done on a server

At the server, where we run all programs

Glorified viewing device

Database Summary 1
 Little processing power

No energy

Problem

Need reliable internet connection/network connection

No internet - can’t do anything

Isn’t that powerful

Sold for cheaper

Works well when there is internet connection

Example: web applications

Office on the web

Uses internet

Processing occurs on the server

Tiktok

Glorified viewer to view stuff on the server

Data sits on a server

Gmail

Using processing power from google

Information System
Move data into information

Data - raw facts and figures

information - organised data

example

Data - 10:10

Information - 10:10 is the time

Knowledge - additional analysis

Analysis

SST

Database Summary 2
 Sorting, searching, trends

Data → info →knowledge

Purposes

Process transaction

Record something that happens

Provide users with info about an organisation

Help decision-making

Manage information used within an organisation

Do analysis

Information systems in context diagram

Purpose

Information processes

COATRSRD

List them out and do them 1 by 1 → okay

Environment

Information technology

Participants

Users

Data

Information

School database

Think about the structure

Teacher, classroom, student, subjects, rooms

Each student - can do multiple subjects

Road and traffic authority

Driver licence

Driving test

Video stores

Database Summary 3
 Borrowing videos

Normalisation

Organisation
Non-computer methods

Telephone book

Diary

Flat-file systems

1 single table

Easy to index

Sort and search

Relational database

DBMS

Easy to index

Sort and search

Hyper-media

Websites

Multimedia

Linear, non-linear

Storyboard

Interactivity

Can’t put it on a sheet of paper

Interactive

Moving between slides

Moving between sections

Can’t represent that easily on a sheet of paper

Schema
course spec. doc

Database Summary 4
 Entity - title of the table

We link two entities together through a relationship between the attributes

1 on primary key side

Many on the foreign key side

Flat-file
Whole thing - file

Records

Individual instances

Each row in the table

1 line is a loan

Fields

Attributes

What distinguishes lumiya and amy

Roll class, email address, dob

Key fields

Primary key

Unique identifier

Find a q - normalise a database

How do we cut up a single table into multiple tables

-> reduce data redundancy

Relational databases
Data redundancy reduced

Look at what entities are

Cut them up

Put an ID (primary key)

Link them up

Many to many? Put a linking table in the middle

Database Summary 5
 1 to 1

One class has one classroom

1 to many

1 subject has many students

Many to many

Many students do many subjects

Convert it by putting a middle table

Convert to two 1 to many relationships

Data dictionaries
Represents one specific entity

Describes the different attributes

Field name

Avoid spaces

Primary key

blah_ID (PK) → easiest way to do it

Name

Split as first name, last name

Address

Street

Suburb

State

Postcode

Email address

Phone number

Data types

Text

Leading 0’s

Database Summary 6
 No calculation

Number

Integer

No decimal

Calculation

Real

Decimal

Currency

Symbol on the front

Money

Boolean

Yes or no

Date

Also for time

Field size

Be reasonable with characters required

Description

Example

Social ethical
Privacy

Only people who need to know should know it

Security

Encryption

Accuracy

Confirm data with phone call

Hypermedia
Nodes - pages

Database Summary 7
 Links - link nodes together

URL

HTTP - hypertext protocol

S - SSL, secure, encrypted

WWW - worldwide web

microsoft - company

.com - commercial

Storyboards

Represent hypermedia

hyperlink - link between pages

DBMS
Piece of software that does searching on the data

Microsoft Access

Can structure database in any program

Direct access

Go straight to where the data is

Sequential

VHS tape

Have to go through all the data to get to where you want

Fast forward entire tape

Online

Using internet

Accessible from everywhere

Offline

Fat client

Take it off internet

Not accessible from everywhere

Database Summary 8
 Need to connect it ??

Centralised

All in one place

Distributed

All over the place but linked to a central database

Syncs to larger database

Quicker access

Will have to synchronise with a centralised database

Storage media

Hard disks

Main way to store info

Tape

Cartridges

Cloud

Encryption & decryption

Scrambling information using a key

Only people that have key can unlock it

Backup & security procedures

On-site, off-site

Encryption, security

Passwords

Grandfather, father son

Rollback procedures

Searching & Sorting

AND, OR, NOT

Logical

Database Summary 9
 ≥, ≤, =, <, >

SQL

SELECT

What is displayed

Which fields

* → all fields

FROM

Which tables

WHERE

Which field, what in the field

ORDER BY

field →

Ascending?

Descending?

Default is ascending

Searching & sorting

Searching

Look for one particular record based on some criteria

Sorting

Shuffle all records around based on criteria

Z at the top then A → desc

Hypermedia

Key word searching

Search by metadata

Each photo or picture has to have a tag attached to them

Calculation
Add up field size

Database Summary 10
 Times by number of records

Divide by 1024

square, cube it depending on B, MB, GB

Web search
Crawler

Collects data about each web page

Puts it in the index

Displaying
Report on relevant info in the database

Show what’s important to the person

Administrator can see everything

When I log onto sentral - can only see my record

Restricted access to data

Screens

Design and generate reports

Issues
Acknowledgement of source

Acknowledge the source of the data

Picture, text - acknowledge where it came from

AI - how do we acknowledge all the people that we took data from to

Freedom of information act

When the gov does things, if it’s in the public interest we should be able
to apply to find

If they have info about us

Privacy

Personally identifiable → privacy

Database Summary 11
 Quality of data

Enough data to support and answer the purpose of the system

Is the data collected relevant

accuracy and reliability

Does this information relate to the person

Is it incorrect

Is it from a reliable source

Can we rely on this info to be kept up to date

Access to data

Data matching

Two databases, trying to find links between them

Link info together

Can be useful if we need to link things together

Current and emerging trends

OLAP

Batch of info, now looking for trends

Can we predict things

OLTP

Record what happened

Data warehousing

Collect lots of data from lots of different sources

Data mining

Data analysis

Go through the database

Database Summary 12