SUBORDINATING

Conjunctions
ELA-LIT.L.3.1.H
after
before
as
while
until
because
since
unless
although
if
and more!
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CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.L.3.1.H
Use coordinating and subordinating conjunctions.

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Subordinating
Conjunction
POSTERS
Subordinating
Conjunctions
are conjunctions that
join a dependent
(subordinate) clause
with an independent
(main) clause.
 Subordinating
Conjunctions
after as soon as
unless because
whenever though
since if
before when
how whenever
as so that
where once
while until
even though although
 Did you know?
The clause beginning
with the subordinating
conjunction is always
the dependent
(subordinate) clause.

“Even though he’s rich,

he lives in a very small
house.”

“My mom told me to wait

until she comes back.”
 A dependent
clause (subordinate
clause) is one that
cannot stand alone
as a complete
sentence because
it does not express
a complete thought.

Dependent clause
(subordinate)
 An independent
clause is a clause
that can stand
alone as a
sentence. It
expresses a
complete thought.

Independent clause
(main)
 A subordinating
conjunction joins a
subordinate
(dependent) clause to
a main (independent)
clause.
after
before
as
while
until
because
dependent independent
since clause clause
unless (subordinate) (main)
although
if
and more!
 You can join the
dependent
(subordinate) clause in
front of the main
clause or at the end of
the main clause.
after
before
as
while
independent until dependent
clause because
clause
since
(main) unless
(subordinate)
although
if
and more!
 When you connect a
dependent
(subordinate) clause in
front of the main

,
clause, use a comma.
after
before
as
while
comma
until
because dependent independent
clause clause
since (subordinate) (main)
unless
although
if
and more!
 Subordinating
Conjunctions
I didn’t go
I was ill.
to school.
Independent Dependent
clause clause
I didn’t go to school
because I was ill.

Peter
was , He didn’t
go to
feeling ill. work.
Dependent Independent
clause clause

As Peter was feeling ill,

he didn’t go to work.
 Subordinating
Conjunctions
I’ll lend you You can find
a map. the place.

Independent Dependent
clause clause
I’ll lend you a map so that
you can find the place.

I’ll call I get

you. home.
Independent Dependent
clause clause

I’ll call you as soon as

I get home.
 Subordinating
Conjunctions
You
I’ll wait.
arrive.
Independent Dependent
clause clause

I’ll wait until you arrive.

Did he say
He left?
anything.
Independent Dependent
clause clause

Did he say anything

before he left?
 Subordinating
Conjunctions
The baby
gets grumpy.
He’s tired.

Independent Dependent
clause clause

The baby gets grumpy

whenever he’s tired.

,
He
doesn’t He won’t
change
get any
his
attitude. dessert.
Dependent
clause Independent
clause
If he doesn’t change his attitude,
he won’t get any dessert.
 Subordinating
Conjunctions
You win a
million , It doesn’t
mean you’ll
dollars. be happy.
Dependent Independent
clause clause

Even if you win a million dollars,

it doesn’t mean you’ll be happy.

I’ll lend You

you my promise to
bicycle. be careful.
Independent Dependent
clause clause

I’ll lend you my bicycle, providing

you promise to be careful.
 Subordinating
Conjunctions
Jim is tall His brother
and thin. is short and
thick.
Independent Dependent
clause clause
Jim is tall and thin, whereas
his brother is short and thick.

He is not
Tim is tall. as tall as
his father.
Independent Dependent
clause clause

Tim is tall, although

he is not as tall as his father.
 Subordinating
Conjunctions & Commas
REMEMBER! When a
dependent (subordinate)
clause starts a sentence, it
is normal to separate it
from the main clause with a
comma

Since I left my
lunch at home,
my sister has to
share hers with
me.
 Subordinating
Conjunctions & Commas
When a dependent
(subordinate) clause end a
sentence, you should
drop the comma.

Sally has
known Tim
since they
were very
young.
 Some common
subordinating
conjunctions are
after, before, as,
while, until, because,
since, unless, although,
if.
 After
The conjunction
after tells when
something happens.

The game was finally

over after they played
the sixteenth inning.
 Before
The conjunction
before also tells
when something
happens.

I need to return this

book before the
library closes.
 As
The conjunction as tells
that two things happen
at the same time.

As we lie on the grass,

we look for shapes in
the clouds.
 While
The conjunction while
also tells that two
things happen at the
same time.
My brother likes to
listen to music while
he does his
homework.
 Until
The conjunction
until tells how long
something takes or
lasts.

My mom told me to
wait until she comes
back.
 Because
The conjunction
because tells why
something happens or
why something is
true.
I was late to
school because I
forgot to set my
alarm.
 Since
The conjunction since also
tells why something
happens or why something
is true.

Since I left my phone at

home, I have to borrow
my brother's.
 Unless
The conjunction
unless shows an
exception.

Unless it's cloudy

tonight, we will see the
full moon.
 Although
The conjunction
although shows
surprise or contrast.

Although she was sick,

my sister still went to
school.
 If
The conjunction if
shows a condition or
a possibility.

If it rains, I’m
staying inside.
Subordinating
Conjunction
Anchor Charts
 as
(reason)

As I was feeling tired, I went

to bed early yesterday.

because (reason)

I was late for school because I

forgot to set my alarm.
in order
that
(reason)
In order that I don’t miss the
mailman, I’m staying home.

since
(reason)
Since your classwork is
done, you can have free
time.
so that
(reason)
She hurried to the bus stop
so that she wouldn’t miss
the bus.

although
(concession &
comparison)
Although he was sick, my
brother still went to school.
 as
(concession &
comparison)

The tiger limped as it

crept through the jungle.

even though
(concession &
comparison)

I’m staying in even

though it is nice outside.
just as
(concession &
comparison)
I’m staying home just as
you should.

though
(concession &
comparison)
I’m staying in though I
wish I weren’t.
whereas
(concession &
comparison)
I’m staying home
whereas you’re going out.

while
(concession &
comparison)

I’m doing my homework

while you’re watching TV.
even if
(condition)
Even if it it rains, I am
going out.

if
(condition)
We will have indoor
recess if it rains.
in case
(condition)
I’m staying home
in case it rains.

provided
(that)
(condition)
Provided it doesn’t
rain, I’m going out.
unless
(condition)
You can sit on that bike unless
the owner is bigger than you.

where
(place)
I surf where the
waves start to form.
wherever
(place)

I will live wherever

the weather is warm.

after
(time)
After you walk the dog,
please take out the garbage.
as soon as
(time)

I’m going out as soon

as the rain stops.

as long as
(time)

I’m staying out as long

as the weather stays good.
before
(time)
Come and see me
before you leave.

once
(time)
Once you learn how to ride a
bicycle, you never forget.
 till
(time)
Judy played outside till it
was too dark to see.

until
(time)

I ran until I was breathless.

 when
(time)
A teacher is good when
he inspires his students.

whenever
(time)

Whenever he leaves the house,

he always takes an umbrella.
 while
(time)
The phone rang while I
was doing the dishes.
 Tracing
Complex
Sentences
Write Subordinate Conjunction!
before
Write Subordinate Conjunction!
until
Write Subordinate Conjunction!
While
Write Subordinate Conjunction!
because
Write Subordinate Conjunction!
after
Write Subordinate Conjunction!
as
Write Subordinate Conjunction!
unless
Write Subordinate Conjunction!
although
Write Subordinate Conjunction!
since
Write Subordinate Conjunction!
if
Write Subordinate Conjunction!
when
Write Subordinate Conjunction!
whenever
Write Subordinate Conjunction!
as soon as
Subordinating
Conjunction
Worksheets
COLOR the SUBORDINATING
CONJUNCTIONS!
conjunctions

like
because after
over
of unless
since
although out
in
as
before once
by if
while at
unless
Subordinating Conjunctions!

1. Jack was playing outside until it

started to rain.
2. If you can give me a reason, I
will allow it.
3. While I was asleep, the cat
knocked over the plant.
4. Mike slowed down as he neared
the stop sign.
5. Mom always cooks dinner for us
after she gets home from
work.
6. Until I started playing the violin,
I played the flute in the
orchestra.
Subordinating Conjunctions!

1. Jack was playing outside until it

started to rain.
2. If you can give me a reason, I
will allow it.
3. While I was asleep, the cat
knocked over the plant.
4. Mike slowed down as he neared
the stop sign.
5. Mom always cooks dinner for us
after she gets home from
work.
6. Until I started playing the violin,
I played the flute in the
orchestra.
Subordinating Conjunctions!

1. Sophie waved to her as

parents ______
since
she boarded the train.

2. I’ll give our dog Max a

unless
bath _______ his
coat is muddy. since

3. We can’t leave for the if

hockey game _____ until
Dad gets home from
work.
Before
4. ____ we were at the
baseball game, it rained. While
Subordinating Conjunctions!

5. Linus missed basketball because

practice _____ he
after
was visiting his uncle.

6. Charlie put his bowl in until

the sink ________
he finished his cereal. after

7. ______ we buy
While
tickets ahead of time,
there won’t be any left! Unless

8. ________ Sarah After

fell asleep, she dreamed
While
about dolphins.
Subordinating Conjunctions!

1. Sophie waved to her

as
parents ______
since
she boarded the train.

2. I’ll give our dog Max a

unless
bath _______since his
coat is muddy.

3. We can’t leave for the if

hockey game _____
until
Dad gets home from
work.
While Before
4. ____ we were at the
baseball game, it rained.
Subordinating Conjunctions!

5. Linus missed basketball

because
practice _____ he
after
was visiting his uncle.

6. Charlie put his bowl in until

after
the sink ________
he finished his cereal.
Unless
7. ______ we buy
While
tickets ahead of time,
there won’t be any left!

After
8. ________ Sarah
fell asleep, she dreamed
While
about dolphins.
 Building
Complex
Sentences
Complex Sentences

Such sentences have

two clauses, one main
(independent) and one
subordinate
(dependent). The
essential ingredient in
a complex sentence is
the subordinate
conjunction.
Putting Sentences Together

Although it was raining

, I didn’t get wet

Although it was raining, I didn’t get wet.

I will be late today

because
my car has broken
down.

I will be late today because my

car has broken down.
Putting Sentences Together

It was late
when
Johnny came home.

Lucy sees babies

Whenever
, she smiles.
Putting Sentences Together

I didn’t know about it

until
I read the paper.

Chris finishes his

Unless supper

, he can’t have any dessert.

Putting Sentences Together

We play at the park

after
we have our lunch.

If the door is open

, you should close
it.
Putting Sentences Together

I don’t drink coffee

as
it makes me
nervous.

Jen passed the

exam first time
while
I had to retake it three
times.
Putting Sentences Together

deer are cute

Although
, they eat all your
flowers.

Before you go
, sign the attendance
sheet.
Putting Sentences Together

Surfing is fun
though
it can be dangerous.

even Pat got the job

though she has no
experience.
Putting Sentences Together

John is short
whereas
Mary is tall.

The boat could not

since move
there was no
wind.
Putting Sentences Together

Although it is cold
, I want to play
outside.

Because it is my birthday

, today is a special
day
Putting Sentences Together

He talked so much
that
he made himself
hoarse.

He hurried to the
so station
that he could board the
train
Putting Sentences Together

1. It was late when Johnny came home.

2. Whenever Lucy sees babies, she smiles.
3. I didn’t know about it until I read the paper.
4. Unless Chris finishes his supper, he can’t have
any dessert.
5. We play at the park after we have our lunch.
6. If the door is open, you should close it.
7. I don’t drink coffee as it makes me nervous.
8. Jen passed the exam first time while I had to
retake it three times.
9. Although deer are cute, they eat all your flowers.
10. Before you go, sign the attendance sheet.
11. Surfing is fun though it can be dangerous.
12. Pat got the job even though she has no
experience.
13. John is short whereas Mary is tall.
14. The boat could not move since there was no wind.
15. Although it is cold, I want to play outside.
16. Because it is my birthday, today is a special day.
17. He talked so much that he made himself hoarse.
18. He hurried to the station so that he could board
the train.
 Cut and Paste!

1. I’ve already seen

that movie, I would watch it again.

2. Franklin is hungry he
forgot to eat breakfast this morning.

3. there is snow on the

mountain, we won’t be skiing tomorrow.

4. we don’t have school

tomorrow, I’m going to stay up all night.

5. Ruby shouldn’t take the bandage off

her cut heals.

Unless Since Although until because

 Cut and Paste!

Although
1. I’ve already seen
that movie, I would watch it again.
because
2. Franklin is hungry he
forgot to eat breakfast this morning.

3. Unless there is snow on the

mountain, we won’t be skiing tomorrow.

4. Since we don’t have school

tomorrow, I’m going to stay up all night.

5. Ruby shouldn’t take the bandage off

her cut heals.
until
 Cut and Paste!

1. Lucy is ready, we
will leave.

2. I was leaving for school, I

heard the phone ring.

3. Mike laughed his son

started to chase the kite.

4. the phone rings, you should

answer it.

5. it began to rain,
the game was called off.

As when Whenever If Because

 Cut and Paste!

1. Whenever Lucy is ready, we

will leave.

2. As I was leaving for school, I

heard the phone ring.

3. Mike laughed when his son

started to chase the kite.
If
4. the phone rings, you should
answer it.

5. Because it began to rain,

the game was called off.
 EXTRA
Complex
Sentences
Worksheets
 Putting Sentences Together

We let the dog he has the

out
unless flu.

Joe slowed he entered a

because school zone.
down

Charlie is as he had left it

home today earlier.

You won’t get wherever

she goes.
better
Linus found after we got
his water home.
bottle
where you get
My mom told some rest.
me to wait
until she gets
Her dogs back.
follow her
Putting Sentences Together
Putting Sentences Together

1. We let the dog out after we

got home.
2. Joe slowed down as he
entered a school zone.
3. Charlie is home today
because he has the flu.
4. You won’t get better unless
you get some rest.
5. Linus found his water bottle
where he had left it earlier.
6. My mom told me to wait until
she gets back.
7. Her dogs follow her wherever
she goes.
 Putting Sentences Together

Although
my wife
loves lilies
, he lost the
race.

,
he tried the prisoners
Whereas really hard escaped.

Even if you finish

your lunch
, my sister
prefers
roses.

Unless she comes , everyone

looked at her.

While he didn’t
know what to , I will not talk
say to her.
Because she came
into the , you can’t go
out to play.
room
When
the guard
was sleeping
, he said
nothing.
Putting Sentences Together
Putting Sentences Together
 True or False
1. Before I leave for school, I put T F
on my shoes and coat.

2. Although Arthur likes dogs, he T F

loves petting our dog Snoopy.

3. As your heart beats, it pumps

blood throughout your body. T F

4. The boys will go out for ice

cream while they have dinner. T F

5. Lucy said good night to her mom T F

after she fell asleep.

6. Patty ate popcorn unless she T F

watched the movie.

7. After it rained all morning, the T F

sun finally came out.
Extra challenge!
 True or False
1. Before I leave for school, I put T
on my shoes and coat.

2. Although Arthur likes dogs, he F

loves petting our dog Snoopy.

3. As your heart beats, it pumps

blood throughout your body. T

4. The boys will go out for ice

cream while they have dinner. F

5. Lucy said good night to her mom F

after she fell asleep.

6. Patty ate popcorn unless she F

watched the movie.

7. After it rained all morning, the T F

sun finally came out.
Extra challenge!
 Dependent (Subordinate) Clauses

1. What the boy did was not

very kind.
2. He finally finished his
project, after weeks of
work.
3. Whenever I go to France, I
visit the Eiffel Tower.
4. I can’t figure out why she
said that.
5. The trophy goes to whoever
wins the race.
6. Since no one else helped, the
gift is yours.
7. You may play outside until the
street lights come on.
 Complex Sentences!

While Max slept on the sofa,

Janet was busy making dinner.
Complex Sentences!
Complex Sentences!
 Complex Sentences!

e.g. while

1. until

2. as soon as______________________

3. because_________________________

5. since
 Complex Sentences!

e.g. while

6. unless_____________________________

7. although___________________________

8. if___________________________________

9. whenever__________________________
 Spin and Write!

before until

where after

once when

as while

Write sentences with each subordinating conjunction.

(until)__________________________________________
____________________________________________
(after)_________________________________________
______________________________________________
(when)________________________________________
_______________________________________________
 Spin and Write!

before until

where after

once when

as while

Write sentences with each subordinating conjunction.

(while)_________________________________________
_____________________________________________
(as)____________________________________________
___________________________________________
(once)________________________________________
_______________________________________________
 Spin and Write!

before until

where after

once when

as while

Write sentences with each subordinating conjunction.

(where)_______________________________________
_______________________________________________

(before)_______________________________________
_______________________________________________
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