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Veterinary Study Notes-2

The integumentary system includes the skin and its appendages, serving as a protective barrier with functions like sensation and temperature regulation. The cardiovascular system circulates blood and nutrients, while the respiratory system facilitates gas exchange in animals. Additionally, the document covers the anatomy and physiology of the digestive and urinary systems, essential for nutrient processing and waste elimination.

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23 views2 pages

Veterinary Study Notes-2

The integumentary system includes the skin and its appendages, serving as a protective barrier with functions like sensation and temperature regulation. The cardiovascular system circulates blood and nutrients, while the respiratory system facilitates gas exchange in animals. Additionally, the document covers the anatomy and physiology of the digestive and urinary systems, essential for nutrient processing and waste elimination.

Uploaded by

ari.kim123456
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM

The integumentary system, comprising the skin and its appendages, acts as a
protective barrier. Key components include:

• Skin: The outer covering of the body, providing protection against injury
and infection.
• Hair Follicle: Structure within the skin that produces hair.
• Epidermis: The outer layer of the skin.
• Dermis: The deeper layer of the skin, containing blood vessels, nerves,
and glands.

Its main functions are protection, temperature regulation, sensation, and


vitamin D synthesis.

ANATOMICAL DIRECTIONAL TERMS

• Cranial: Toward the head.


• Caudal: Toward the tail.
• Dorsal: Toward the back.
• Ventral: Toward the belly.
• Medial: Toward the midline.
• Lateral: Away from the midline.
• Proximal: Closer to the body's center.
• Distal: Farther from the body's center.

BASIC VETERINARY ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY:


CARDIOVASCULAR AND RESPIRATORY SYSTEMS
This section details the anatomy and physiology of the cardiovascular and
respiratory systems, which are vital for delivering oxygen and removing
carbon dioxide in animals.

CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

The cardiovascular system is responsible for circulating blood, nutrients,


hormones, and oxygen throughout the body. Key terms include:

• Heart: A muscular organ that pumps blood through the circulatory


system.
• Artery: A blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart.
• Vein: A blood vessel that carries blood back to the heart.
• Capillary: A small blood vessel that connects arteries and veins,
facilitating nutrient and waste exchange.
• Blood: The fluid that circulates through the body, carrying oxygen and
nutrients.
• Plasma: The liquid component of blood.
• Erythrocyte: A red blood cell responsible for oxygen transport.
• Leukocyte: A white blood cell involved in immune defense.
• Platelet: A cell fragment involved in blood clotting.

The basic circulatory pathway involves blood moving from the heart, through
arteries, to capillaries where exchange occurs, then through veins back to the
heart.

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

The respiratory system facilitates gas exchange, bringing oxygen into the
body and removing carbon dioxide. Key terms include:

• Lungs: The primary organs of respiration where gas exchange occurs.


• Trachea: The windpipe, a tube that carries air to the lungs.
• Bronchi: The major air passages that branch from the trachea into the
lungs.
• Alveoli: Tiny air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange takes place.
• Diaphragm: A muscle that contracts to expand the chest cavity and
facilitate breathing.

Gas exchange occurs in the alveoli, where oxygen diffuses into the blood and
carbon dioxide diffuses out.

BASIC VETERINARY ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY:


DIGESTIVE AND URINARY SYSTEMS
This section outlines the structure and function of the digestive and urinary
systems in animals, which are crucial for nutrient processing and waste
elimination.

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