A
SUMMER TRAINING PRESENTATION
ON
UTTAR PRADESH POWER TRANSMISSION
CORPORATION LIMITED (UPPTCL)
A SEMINAR IN PARTIALLY FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE AWARD OF THE
DEGREE OF
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
IN
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
FROM
BABU BANARASI DAS NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY & MANAGEMENT (LUCKNOW)
AFFILIATED WITH APJ AKTU
SUBMITTED BY SUBMITTED TO
RISHASBH DEV SINGH
PROFF. MRS KALPNA KUREEL
CONTENTS
o INTRODUCTION
o ABOUT 220 KVA SUBSTATION
o COMPONENT OF SUBSTATION
o OVERVIEW & SINGLE LINE DIAGRAM OF SUBSTATION
o PROTECTION OF SUBSTATION
o MAINTENANCE OF SUBSTATION
o CONCLUSION
INTRODUCTION
Uttar Pradesh Power Transmission Corporation Limited
(UPPTCL) is the responsible for transmission above 33 KVA within the
Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. Its chairman is Mr. KAMRAN
REZVI(IAS).
In 14 January 2000 UPSEB divided into three part –
• GENERATING
• UPPTCL (TRANSMISSION)
• UPPCL (DISTRIBUTION)
UPPTCL BANDA has three substation is basically contains
three substation. One of 400 kv second is 220 kv & another is 132 kv
substation. 220/132 KVA substation established in 2002.
ABOUT THE SUBSTATION
There are three part of substation –
• CONTROL ROOM
• BATTERY ROOM
• SWITCH YARD
CONTROL ROOM
It contain panel related to controlling of instruments. Basically it
operate manually. It work as shield guard for all substation equipment &
electrical network. These panel are useful to control the flow of electrical
as per the voltage class and detect the faults in transmission line. E.g.
feeder panel, x-mar panel etc.
BATTERY ROOM
The control panels and relays of the sub-station required DC supply.
The sub-station Has Two set of 110 Volt and a set of 48 Volt DC Supply.
The DC supply is made with the help of battery bank reserve normally
kept in a separate room called battery room. The batteries used in this
sub-station are Nickel-Cadmium (NI-Cd) batteries. These batteries re
used due to their advantages like low maintenance, longer life (15-20
years) etc. Each cell is of 2 V and 300 Ah Capacity.
USE OF BATTERY ROOM
Storage battery system is used in emergency situation for the working of
electrical equipment:
• To open and close the switch gear
• For indication and control
• Emergency lighting
• Relay and interlocking equipment
• For working of alarm circuit.
SWITCH YARD
Switch yard has many things which is situate in openly. Switch
yard is combination of Wave trap, LA, CT, PT, Transformers, Bus bar,
Isolator, Insulator, Breakers, Bus coupler, MULSI fire room etc. switch
yard is connected with control room. In switch yard there are many
things connected.
ELEMENT OF SWITCH YARD
• WAVE TRAP
• LIGHTENING ARRESTER (LA)
• CURRENT TRANSFORMER (CT)
• POTENTIAL TRANSFORMER (PT)
• CIRCUIT BREAKER
• RELAY
• ISOLATOR
• TRANSFORMER
• INSULATOR
• CAPACITOR BANK
• CONDOCTOR
WAVE TRAP
Wave trap is an instrument using for tripping of the wave. The
function of this trap is that it traps the unwanted waves. Its function is of
trapping wave. Its shape is like a drum. It is connected to the main
incoming feeder so that it can trap the waves which may be dangerous to
the instruments here in the substation.
LIGHTENING ARRESTER
Lightening arrester is used to discharge surge which come from
cloud. LA protects devises from extra surge. To discharge the switching
and lightening voltage surges to earth. It provides low impedance path
for high frequency and high current supply.
CURRENT TRANSFORMER (CT)
CT is known as brain of substation. It is used for measure current.
CT is connected seriously. It is a step up transformer which is used to
measure the current, by stepping down the voltage level.
CURRENT TRANSFORMER (CT)
In CT the secondary current is proportional to the primary current.
In my substation the CT ratio is used 200:5.5 that shows secondary
current of 5.5A when primary current is 200A.
POTENTIAL TRANSFORMER (PT)
Voltage transformer also called potential transformer are a parallel
connected type of instrument transformer. They have designed to present
negligible load to supply being measured and have an accurate voltage
ratio and phase relation.
POTENTIAL TRANSFORMER (PT)
In my substation the PT ratio is used 400:120 that shows secondary
current of 120V when primary current is 400V.
CIRCUIT BREAEKER
A circuit breaker is an automatically operated electrical switch
designed to protect an electrical circuit from damage caused by over-
current or overload or short circuit. In my substation SF6 & VACCUME
circuit breaker is used
TYPE OF CIRCUIT BREKER
• AIR BLAST CIRCUIT BREKER
• OIL CIRCUIT BERKER
• SF6 CIRCUIT BREKER
• VACCUME CIRCUIT BREKER
TYPES OF CIRCUIT BREAKERS
Air-blast circuit breaker Oil circuit breaker
Vacuum circuit breakers Sulfur hexafluoride circuit breaker (SF6)
OIL CIRCUIT BREAKER
It is designed for 11kv-765kv.
The contacts are immersed in oil bath.
Oil provides cooling by hydrogen created
by arc.
It acts as a good dielectric medium and
quenches the arc.
AIR BLAST CIRCUIT BREAKERS
This operates using high velocity blast of air which quenches the arc.
It consists of blast valve , blast tube & contacts.
Blast valve contains air at high pressure.
Blast tube carries the air at high pressure & opens the moving contact
attached to spring.
There is no carbonization of surface as in VCB.
Air should be kept clean & dry to operate it properly.
SF6 CIRCUIT BREAKERS
It contains an arc interruption chamber containing SF6 gas.
In closed position the contacts remain surrounded by SF6 gas at a pressure of 2.8 kg/cm2 .
During opening high pressure SF6 gas at 14 kg/cm2 from its reservoir flows towards the
chamber by valve mechanism.
SF6 rapidly absorbs the free electrons in the arc path to form immobile negative ions to build
up high dielectric strength.
It also cools the arc and extinguishes it.
After operation the valve is closed by the action of a set of springs.
Absorbent materials are used to absorb the byproducts and moisture.
VACCUM CIRCUIT BREAKER
It is designed for medium voltage range (3.3-
33kv).
This consists of vacuum of pressure (1*10-6)
inside arc extinction chamber.
The arc burns in metal vapor when the contacts
are disconnected.
At high voltage , it’s rate of dielectric strength
recovery is very high.
Due to vacuum arc extinction is very fast.
The contacts loose metals gradually
due to formation of metal vapors.
RELAY
A relay is an electrically operated switch.
A relay is a sensing device which sense the abnormal condition and
then produce an alarm or open the breaker contact.
Current
Voltage
Insulation input Visual indication
Temperature
output Warning alarm
PROTECTIVE RELAY
Remove power
Pick up levels setting
Time
RELAY
In my substation used four type relay -
• DISTANCE RELAY
• DIRECTIONAL RELAY
• OVER CURRENT RELAY
• DIFFERENCE RELAY
ISOLATOR
Isolator is used to ensure that an electrical circuit is completely de-
energized for service or maintenance.
TRANSFORMER
The transformer is called the heart of transformer. A transformer is
an electrical device that transfers electrical energy between two or more
circuits through electromagnetic induction. In my substation has four
transformer two 160 MVA transformer and two 40 MVA. Both are step
down transformer. 160 MVA transformer convert 220 to 132 KVA & 40
MVA converts 132 to 33 KVA.
Transformer has three type-
• Auto transformer
• Step up transformer
• Step down transformer
COOLING OF TRANSFORMER
Continuous working of transformer goes to heat. Thus the cooling
of transformer various method are used.
• OIL COOLING
• NATURE COOLING
• AIR COOLING
• WATER COOLING
CAPACITOR BANK
It is used to improve the power factor from lagging to leading nature.
And it also maintain the power in substation. In my substation 48 MVA
capacitor bank is used.
INSULATOR
A material of such low conductivity that the flow of current through it is
negligible. In my substation mainly two type insulator are used-
porcelain insulator
glass insulator
CONDUCTOR
There are many types of conductor but my substation used 4 type
conductor -
Panther Conductor Moose Conductor
CONDUCTOR
Zebra Conductor Dog Conductor
THANK YOU…
