DevOps Shack

200 Maven, NPM Interview Questions and Answers

1. What happens if you remove the <scope> tag from a

dependency in pom.?

Answer:
If the <scope> tag is removed, the dependency defaults
to the compile scope. This means the dependency will be
available at compile-time and runtime and will be
included in the final package.

2. How does Maven handle transitive dependencies?

Answer:
Maven automatically resolves dependencies for
libraries that your project depends on. If a library A
depends on another library B, Maven will download and
include B as well. However, it follows the "nearest
definition" rule, where the closest version of a
dependency is used in case of conflicts.

3. What is the difference between mvn clean install and

mvn package?

Answer:

● mvn clean install: Deletes previous builds,

compiles code, runs tests, and installs the
packaged artifact in the local repository.
 ● mvn package: Only compiles and packages the
application but does not install it in the local
repository.

4. What is the role of a settings. file in Maven?

Answer:
The settings. file contains user-specific
configurations like repository locations,
authentication credentials, and proxy settings. It is
located in the .m2 directory of the user's home
folder.

5. How can you exclude a transitive dependency in

Maven?

Answer:
You can exclude a transitive dependency using the
<exclusions> tag inside the dependency declaration:

<dependency>

<groupId>[Link]</groupId>

<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>

<exclusions>

<exclusion>

<groupId>[Link].log4j</groupId>

<artifactId>log4j-core</artifactId>

</exclusion>
 </exclusions>

</dependency>

6. What happens if two dependencies in Maven bring

different versions of the same transitive
dependency?

Answer:
Maven follows the "nearest definition" rule and
selects the version closest to your project in the
dependency tree. If needed, you can override this by
explicitly specifying a version in your pom..

7. What is the purpose of the dependencyManagement tag

in Maven?

Answer:
The dependencyManagement tag allows you to specify
versions of dependencies centrally without adding them
as direct dependencies in all modules. It is mainly
used in multi-module projects.

8. How does the Maven lifecycle work?

Answer:
Maven has three main lifecycles:

● Clean: mvn clean deletes previous build artifacts.

● Default: Includes phases like compile, test,
package, install, and deploy.
● Site: Generates documentation.
9. What is the difference between provided and compile
scope in Maven?

Answer:

● Compile Scope: The dependency is available in all

build phases and is included in the final
package.
● Provided Scope: The dependency is required for
compilation but is not included in the final
package (e.g., [Link] API, which is
provided by a servlet container).

10. How do you create a Maven project without an

internet connection?

Answer:
Use the -o (offline) flag:

mvn -o package

This will use the locally cached dependencies.

11. What is the difference between dependencies and

devDependencies in package.?

Answer:

● dependencies: Required for the application to run.

● devDependencies: Required only for development
(e.g., testing libraries, build tools).

12. What happens when you run npm install?

Answer:

● Installs all dependencies listed in package..

● If a package-lock. exists, it ensures
consistent versions.
● Creates a node_modules folder (if not already
present).

13. How do you install a specific version of an NPM

package?

Answer:
Use:

npm install package-name@version

Example:

npm install [email protected]

14. What is the difference between npm install -g and

npm install?

Answer:

● npm install -g installs the package globally,

making it available system-wide.
● npm install installs the package locally in
node_modules.

15. How do you update all outdated packages in

package.?
Answer:
Run:

npm update

16. What is the purpose of npx?

Answer:
npx runs packages without installing them globally.
Example:

npx create-react-app my-app

This ensures you always use the latest version.

17. What is the difference between npm ci and npm

install?

Answer:

● npm install updates package-lock. if there are

changes.
● npm ci installs dependencies strictly according to
package-lock., ensuring consistency.

18. How do you check the installed versions of NPM

packages?

Answer:
Run:

npm list

For globally installed packages:

npm list -g --depth=0

19. What is the purpose of the peerDependencies field

in package.?

Answer:
It specifies packages that the project expects to be
installed by the consumer of the package, rather
than being installed automatically.

20. How do you remove a package from package. and

node_modules?

Answer:
Use:

npm uninstall package-name

21. How do you deploy a Maven project to an internal

Nexus repository?

Answer:
Use the distributionManagement section in pom.:

<distributionManagement>

<repository>

<id>internal-repo</id>

<url>[Link]
/url>

</repository>
</distributionManagement>

Then run:

mvn deploy

22. What will happen if you use mvn install without

first running mvn clean?

Answer:
It will build and install the project, but old
artifacts or compiled files may still exist in the
target directory, potentially causing unexpected
behavior.

23. How do you skip tests while building a Maven

project?

Answer:
Use the -DskipTests flag:

mvn clean install -DskipTests

Alternatively, in pom.:

<plugin>

<groupId>[Link]</groupId>

<artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>

<configuration>

<skipTests>true</skipTests>
 </configuration>

</plugin>

24. How do you force Maven to update dependencies?

Answer:
Use the -U flag:

mvn clean install -U

This forces Maven to check for updated dependencies.

25. What is the difference between mvn dependency:tree

and mvn dependency:list?

Answer:

● mvn dependency:tree ows the hierarchy of

dependencies.
● mvn dependency:list ows all dependencies in a flat
list.

26. What is a Maven BOM (Bill of Materials)?

Answer:
A BOM is a special POM that manages dependency
versions centrally using dependencyManagement.
Example:

<dependencyManagement>

<dependencies>

<dependency>
 <groupId>[Link]</groupId>

<artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId>

<version>2.5.0</version>

<type>pom</type>

<scope>import</scope>

</dependency>

</dependencies>

</dependencyManagement>

27. How do you configure a Maven project to use a

specific Java version?

Answer:
Use the maven-compiler-plugin:

<plugin>

<groupId>[Link]</groupId>

<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>

<version>3.8.1</version>

<configuration>

<source>11</source>
 <target>11</target>

</configuration>

</plugin>

28. What does the -pl flag do in Maven?

Answer:
The -pl flag allows you to build only specific modules
in a multi-module project:

mvn clean install -pl module-name

29. How do you generate a dependency report in Maven?

Answer:
Run:

mvn dependency:tree > [Link]

30. How do you resolve "Could not find or load main

class" after building a Maven project?

Answer:

● Ensure the mainClass is correctly specified in

pom.:

<plugin>

<groupId>[Link]</groupId>

<artifactId>maven-jar-plugin</artifactId>

<configuration>
 <archive>

<manifest>

<mainClass>[Link]</mainClass>

</manifest>

</archive>

</configuration>

</plugin>

● Run:

mvn clean package

java -jar target/[Link]

31. What is the purpose of package-lock. in NPM?

Answer:
package-lock. ensures consistent dependency versions
across different environments by locking exact
versions.

32. What happens if node_modules is deleted and you run

npm install again?

Answer:
NPM will reinstall all dependencies as per package.
and package-lock..
33. How do you install an NPM package from a GitHub
repository?

Answer:
Use:

npm install github:username/repository

34. How do you list outdated dependencies in an NPM

project?

Answer:
Run:

npm outdated

35. How do you install an NPM package only for a single

project (without adding it to package.)?

Answer:
Use the --no-save flag:

npm install package-name --no-save

36. How do you globally install an NPM package and then

use it?

Answer:
Use:

npm install -g package-name

Example:
npm install -g nodemon

nodemon [Link]

37. How do you completely remove an NPM package and all

its dependencies?

Answer:
Run:

npm uninstall package-name

rm -rf node_modules

npm install

38. What happens if you install a package without

specifying a version?

Answer:
The latest version will be installed.

39. How do you execute a script defined in package.?

Answer:
Use:

npm run script-

name Example:

"scripts": {

"start": "node [Link]"

}
Run:

npm run start

40. What is the difference between npm prune and npm

dedupe?

Answer:

● npm prune: Removes unnecessary dependencies that

are not listed in package..
● npm dedupe: Removes duplicate dependencies to
optimize node_modules.

41. How do you handle a Maven build failure due to a

missing dependency?

Answer:

● Check if the dependency is available in the

Maven central repository.

Run:

mvn dependency:resolve

If missing, manually install it in the local

repository:

mvn install:install-file -Dfile=path-to-jar

-DgroupId=[Link] -DartifactId=my-lib -Dversion=1.0
-Dpackaging=jar

42. What is the difference between mvn verify and mvn

test?
Answer:

● mvn test runs only unit tests.

● mvn verify runs integration tests along with unit
tests.

43. How do you analyze Maven dependencies to detect

conflicts?

Answer:
Run:

mvn dependency:tree -Dverbose

or

mvn dependency:analyze

44. What is the difference between a parent POM and a

BOM in Maven?

Answer:

● Parent POM: Defines common configurations,

properties, and plugins for child projects.
● BOM (Bill of Materials): Manages dependency
versions using dependencyManagement without
enforcing inheritance.

45. How do you repackage a Spring Boot application as

an executable JAR?

Answer:
Ensure the spring-boot-maven-plugin is configured:
<build>

<plugins>

<plugin>

<groupId>[Link]</groupId>

<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>

</plugin>

</plugins>

</build>

Then run:

mvn clean package

java -jar target/[Link]

46. How do you create a custom Maven plugin?

Answer:

● Create a Maven project with maven-plugin packaging.

● Implement the
[Link] class.
● Define execution goals in META-INF/maven/plugin..

47. What are Maven SNAPOT versions, and how do they

work?

Answer:
 A SNAPOT version (e.g., 1.0-SNAPOT) is a development
version that changes frequently. Maven fetches the
latest version from the repository unless cached.

48. How do you publi a Maven artifact to a remote

repository?

Answer:
Ensure distributionManagement is set, then run:

mvn deploy

If using credentials, store them in settings.:

<servers>

<server>

<id>my-repo</id>

<username>user</username>

<password>password</password>

</server>

</servers>

49. How do you generate project documentation using

Maven?

Answer:
Run:

mvn site
This generates a site in target/site.

50. How do you include resources in a Maven JAR?

Answer:
Place resources in src/main/resources or configure
maven-resources-plugin:

<build>

<resources>

<resource>

<directory>src/main/resources</directory>

</resource>

</resources>

</build>

51. What is the difference between npm rebuild and npm

install?

Answer:

● npm install installs missing dependencies.

● npm rebuild recompiles native modules.

52. How do you install a package from a private NPM

registry?

Answer:
 Run:

npm set registry [Link]

npm install package-name

Or configure .npmrc:

registry=[Link]

_authToken=your-token

53. How do you list globally installed NPM packages?

Answer:
Run:

npm list -g --depth=0

54. How do you find which package introduced a

vulnerable dependency?

Answer:
Use:

npm audit

55. How do you run multiple NPM scripts sequentially?

Answer:
Use &&:

npm run build && npm run test

56. How do you run multiple NPM scripts in parallel?

Answer:
Use &:

npm run lint & npm run test

57. What is the purpose of npm rinkwrap?

Answer:
It locks exact dependency versions similar to
package-lock. but is used for publiing
libraries.

58. How do you install only devDependencies without

dependencies?

Answer:
Run:

npm install --only=dev

59. How do you create a new package using npm init with
defaults?

Answer:
Use:

npm init -y

60. How do you set environment variables while running

an NPM script?

Answer:
Use:

NODE_ENV=production npm run start

61. How do you configure multi-module Maven projects?

Answer:
Define a parent POM and include submodules:

<modules>

<module>module1</module>

<module>module2</module>

</modules>

62. How do you cache NPM dependencies in a CI/CD

pipeline?

Answer:
For GitHub Actions:

yml

- name: Cache NPM

dependencies uses:

actions/cache@v2 with:

path: ~/.npm

key: ${{ [Link] }}-npm-${{

haFiles('**/package-lock.') }}

restore-keys: |

${{ [Link] }}-npm-

63. How do you create a monorepo using NPM workspaces?

Answer:
Enable workspaces in package.:

"workspaces": ["packages/*"]

Then install dependencies:

npm install

64. How do you migrate from NPM to Yarn?

Answer:
Run:

yarn import

65. How do you resolve version conflicts in an NPM

project?

Answer:
Run:

npm dedupe

or manually update package..

66. How do you handle cross-platform scripts in NPM?

Answer:
Use cross-env:

npm install cross-env --save-dev

Then:

cross-env NODE_ENV=production npm run build

67. What happens if an NPM package has a peerDependency

that is missing?

Answer:
A warning is own, but installation continues.

68. How do you publi an NPM package?

Answer:
Run:

npm login

npm publi

69. How do you force remove all NPM caches?

Answer:
Run:

npm cache clean --force

70. How do you run an NPM script conditionally based on

the OS?

Answer:
 Use:

"scripts": {

"start:win": "set NODE_ENV=production && node

[Link]",

"start:unix": "NODE_ENV=production node [Link]"

71. How do you resolve a Maven build error due to a

missing artifact?

Answer:

● Ensure the dependency is available in the

Maven Central repository.

Run:

mvn dependency:resolve

If using a private repository (like Nexus), verify the

repository URL in pom.:

<repositories>

<repository>

<id>my-repo</id>

<url>[Link]
l>
 </repository>

</repositories>

If the artifact is not available, install it manually:

mvn install:install-file -Dfile=path-to-jar

-DgroupId=[Link] -DartifactId=my-lib -Dversion=1.0
-Dpackaging=jar

72. How do you add multiple repositories in Maven?

Answer:
In pom., use:

<repositories>

<repository>

<id>central</id>

<url>[Link]

</repository>

<repository>

<id>internal-repo</id>

<url>[Link]
url>

</repository>

</repositories>
73. How do you run Maven in debug mode?

Answer:
Run:

mvn clean install -X

This provides detailed logs for debugging.

74. How do you configure a Maven project to generate

both JAR and WAR artifacts?

Answer:
Use the build section:

<build>

<plugins>

<plugin>

<groupId>[Link]</groupId>

<artifactId>maven-jar-plugin</artifactId>

</plugin>

<plugin>

<groupId>[Link]</groupId>

<artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId>

</plugin>
 </plugins>

</build>

Run:

mvn package

75. How do you set a system property while running a

Maven build?

Answer:
Use:

mvn clean install -DmyProperty=value

Or in pom.:

<properties>

<myProperty>value</myProperty>

</properties>

76. How do you configure Maven to build a Java 17

project?

Answer:
Use:

<plugin>

<groupId>[Link]</groupId>

<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
 <configuration>

<source>17</source>

<target>17</target>

</configuration>

</plugin>

77. How do you skip a specific Maven plugin during a

build?

Answer:
Use:

mvn clean install -[Link]=true

For example, to skip the Surefire plugin:

mvn clean install -DskipTests

78. What is the difference between mvn clean compile

and mvn clean install?

Answer:

● mvn clean compile compiles the project but does

not package or install artifacts.
● mvn clean install compiles, packages, and installs
the artifact into the local repository.

79. How do you enforce dependency versioning across

multiple Maven projects?
Answer:
Use a BOM (Bill of Materials):

<dependencyManagement>

<dependencies>

<dependency>

<groupId>[Link]</groupId>

<artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId>

<version>2.5.0</version>

<type>pom</type>

<scope>import</scope>

</dependency>

</dependencies>

</dependencyManagement>

80. How do you generate a Maven dependency report?

Answer:
Run:

mvn dependency:tree > [Link]

81. How do you check for outdated dependencies in an

NPM project?
Answer:
Run:

npm outdated

It ows outdated dependencies and available updates.

82. How do you update an NPM package to the latest

version?

Answer:
Run:

npm update package-name

83. What is the difference between npm update and npm

upgrade?

Answer:

● npm update updates dependencies to the latest

compatible versions as per package..
● npm upgrade updates dependencies to the latest
versions available.

84. How do you install a package as a peer dependency?

Answer:
Run:

npm install package-name --save-peer

85. How do you fix vulnerabilities in NPM dependencies?

Answer:
Run:

npm audit fix

For major changes:

npm audit fix --force

86. How do you create a global alias for an NPM script?

Answer:
In package.:

"scripts": {

"dev": "node [Link]"

Run:

npm run dev

87. How do you set an environment variable inside an

NPM script?

Answer:
Use cross-env:

npm install cross-env --save-dev

Then:

"scripts": {
 "start": "cross-env NODE_ENV=production node
[Link]"

88. How do you list all installed dependencies and

their versions?

Answer:
Run:

npm list --depth=0

89. How do you uninstall an NPM package completely?

Answer:
Run:

npm uninstall package-name

90. How do you install a package from a different

registry?

Answer:
Run:

npm install package-name

--registry=[Link]

91. How do you speed up Maven builds?

Answer:

Use:
mvn clean install -T 4

● (Runs in parallel with 4 threads)

Enable incremental builds:

mvn clean install -[Link]=true

● Use a local repository manager like Nexus.

92. How do you manage different NPM package versions in

a monorepo?

Answer:
Use NPM Workspaces:

"workspaces": ["packages/*"]

93. How do you create a custom NPM package?

Answer:
Run:

npm init

Then publi:

npm publi

94. How do you ensure all dependencies in an NPM

 project are using the same versions?

Answer:
Use:

npm dedupe

95. How do you clear the NPM cache?

Answer:
Run:

npm cache clean --force

96. How do you skip a specific test class while running

mvn test?

Answer:
Use the -Dtest flag:

mvn test -Dtest=TestClassName

Or exclude it in pom.:

<plugin>

<groupId>[Link]</groupId>

<artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>

<configuration>

<excludes>

<exclude>**/[Link]</exclude>
 </excludes>

</configuration>

</plugin>

97. How do you build a Maven project without running

tests?

Answer:
Run:

mvn clean install -DskipTests

or

mvn clean install -[Link]=true

The second option skips test compilation as well.

98. How do you force Maven to always check for updated

dependencies?

Answer:
Use:

mvn clean install -U

This forces updates for SNAPOT dependencies.

99. How do you resolve dependency conflicts in a

multi-module Maven project?

Answer:
Use:
mvn dependency:tree

To enforce a specific version, define it in

dependencyManagement:

<dependencyManagement>

<dependencies>

<dependency>

<groupId>[Link]</groupId>

<artifactId>commons-lang3</artifactId>

<version>3.12.0</version>

</dependency>

</dependencies>

</dependencyManagement>

100. How do you profile a Maven build?

Answer:
Use:

mvn clean install -P profile-name

Define profiles in pom.:

<profiles>

<profile>
 <id>dev</id>

<properties>

<env>development</env>

</properties>

</profile>

</profiles>

101. How do you analyze the build time of each phase in

Maven?

Answer:
Use:

mvn clean install -X

or

mvn clean install -DbuildTimeSummary=true

102. How do you configure Maven to build different

environments like dev, staging, and production?

Answer:
Use profiles in pom.:

<profiles>

<profile>

<id>dev</id>
 <activation>

<activeByDefault>true</activeByDefault>

</activation>

<properties>

<env>development</env>

</properties>

</profile>

<profile>

<id>prod</id>

<properties>

<env>production</env>

</properties>

</profile>

</profiles>

Activate with:

mvn clean package -P prod

103. What is the difference between mvn

dependency:copy-dependencies and mvn
dependency:go-offline?
Answer:

● mvn dependency:copy-dependencies: Copies

dependencies to the target/dependency folder.
● mvn dependency:go-offline: Downloads all
dependencies to the local repository for offline
use.

104. How do you check the effective POM after

inheritance and profiles are applied?

Answer:
Run:

mvn help:effective-pom

105. How do you create a custom Maven lifecycle?

Answer:
Define a plugin that binds to new phases in pom.:

<plugin>

<groupId>[Link]</groupId>

<artifactId>build-helper-maven-plugin</artifactId>

<executions>

<execution>

<goals>

<goal>add-source</goal>
 </goals>

</execution>

</executions>

</plugin>

106. How do you install only production dependencies

using NPM?

Answer:
Run:

npm install --production

This excludes devDependencies.

107. How do you check the latest available version of

an NPM package?

Answer:
Run:

npm ow package-name version

or

npm info package-name

108. How do you list the top-level dependencies of an

NPM project?

Answer:
Run:
npm list --depth=0

109. How do you prevent breaking changes when updating

NPM packages?

Answer:

Use semantic versioning in package.:

"dependencies":

{ "express":

"^4.17.1"

Lock versions using:

npm ci

110. How do you create a private NPM package?

Answer:

Add "private": true to package.:

"name": "my-package",

"version": "1.0.0",

"private": true

Publi to a private registry:

npm publi --registry=[Link]

111. How do you test an unpublied NPM package locally?

Answer:
Run:

npm link

In another project:

npm link package-name

112. How do you generate a dependency graph in NPM?

Answer:
Run:

npm list

or use:

npm ls --

113. How do you downgrade an NPM package to a specific

version?

Answer:
Run:

npm install package-name@version

Example:

npm install [email protected]

114. How do you install an NPM package without
modifying package.?

Answer:
Use:

npm install package-name --no-save

115. How do you remove all installed NPM packages from

a project?

Answer:
Run:

rm -rf node_modules

npm cache clean --force

116. How do you debug NPM scripts?

Answer:
Use:

npm run script-name --verbose

117. How do you publi a scoped NPM package?

Answer:
Run:

npm publi --access=public

118. How do you find which package introduced a
specific dependency?

Answer:
Run:

npm why package-name

119. How do you clean the local Maven repository?

Answer:
Run:

rm -rf ~/.m2/repository

or

mvn dependency:purge-local-repository

120. How do you verify if an NPM package is installed

globally?

Answer:
Run:

npm list -g --depth=0

121. How do you deploy a Maven project to a remote

Nexus repository using credentials?

Answer:

Add the repository in pom.:

<distributionManagement>

<repository>

<id>nexus-repo</id>

<url>[Link]
s/</url>

</repository>

</distributionManagement>

Store credentials in ~/.m2/settings.:

<servers>

<server>

<id>nexus-repo</id>

<username>myuser</username>

<password>mypassword</password>

</server>

</servers>

Deploy with:

mvn deploy

122. What is the difference between mvn site and mvn

javadoc:javadoc?
Answer:

● mvn site generates a project documentation site

with reports.
● mvn javadoc:javadoc generates only Javadoc
documentation.

123. How do you exclude a transitive dependency in

Maven?

Answer:
Use the <exclusions> tag:

<dependency>

<groupId>[Link]</groupId>

<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>

<exclusions>

<exclusion>

<groupId>[Link].log4j</groupId>

<artifactId>log4j-core</artifactId>

</exclusion>

</exclusions>

</dependency>

124. How do you package a multi-module Maven project

into a single JAR?
Answer:
Use the Maven ade Plugin:

<build>

<plugins>

<plugin>

<groupId>[Link]</groupId>

<artifactId>maven-ade-plugin</artifactId>

<executions>

<execution>

<phase>package</phase>

<goals>

<goal>ade</goal>

</goals>

</execution>

</executions>

</plugin>

</plugins>

</build>
Then run:

mvn clean package

125. How do you find unused dependencies in a Maven

project?

Answer:
Run:

mvn dependency:analyze

126. How do you run only integration tests and skip

unit tests in Maven?

Answer:
Run:

mvn verify -DskipUnitTests

Define in pom.:

<plugin>

<groupId>[Link]</groupId>

<artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>

<configuration>

<excludes>

<exclude>**/UnitTest*</exclude>
 </excludes>

</configuration>

</plugin>

127. How do you use a specific Maven profile in

Jenkins?

Answer:
In the Jenkins build step, add:

mvn clean package -Pprofile-name

128. How do you override properties in a Maven build?

Answer:
Run:

mvn clean install -DpropertyName=value

129. What is the difference between mvn compile and mvn

package?

Answer:

● mvn compile: Compiles Java source files but does

not package them.
● mvn package: Compiles and packages them into a
JAR/WAR.

130. How do you generate a JAR with dependencies in

Maven?

Answer:
Use the Maven Assembly Plugin:
<plugin>

<groupId>[Link]</groupId>

<artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId>

<executions>

<execution>

<id>make-assembly</id>

<phase>package</phase>

<goals>

<goal>single</goal>

</goals>

<configuration>

<descriptorRefs>

<descriptorRef>jar-with-dependencies</descriptorRef>

</descriptorRefs>

</configuration>

</execution>

</executions>

</plugin>
131. How do you uninstall a global NPM package?

Answer:
Run:

npm uninstall -g package-name

132. How do you install an NPM package without adding

it to package.?

Answer:
Use:

npm install package-name --no-save

133. How do you create an NPM package and publi it?

Answer:

Initialize the package:

npm init

Publi it:

npm publi

134. How do you install an NPM package from a GitHub

repository?

Answer:
Run:
npm install github:username/repository

135. How do you check the versions of installed NPM

packages?

Answer:
Run:

npm list --depth=0

136. How do you upgrade all outdated NPM dependencies?

Answer:
Run:

npm update

137. What is the difference between npm cache clean and

npm cache verify?

Answer:

● npm cache clean --force: Deletes all cached

packages.
● npm cache verify: Checks the integrity of the NPM
cache.

138. How do you prevent an NPM package from being

accidentally publied?

Answer:
Add "private": true to package.:
{

"name": "my-package",

"version": "1.0.0",

"private": true

139. How do you add an NPM package to devDependencies?

Answer:
Run:

npm install package-name --save-dev

140. How do you globally install multiple NPM packages

at once?

Answer:
Run:

npm install -g package1 package2 package3

141. How do you enforce a specific [Link] version in

an NPM project?

Answer:
Specify in package.:

"engines": {

"node": ">=14.0.0"
}

Then use:

nvm use 14

142. How do you prevent installing new NPM packages but

allow updates?

Answer:
Run:

npm ci

143. How do you force NPM to install dependencies from

package-lock.?

Answer:
Use:

npm ci

144. How do you list all globally installed NPM

packages?

Answer:
Run:

npm list -g --depth=0

145. How do you verify the integrity of installed NPM

packages?

Answer:
Run:
npm audit

146. How do you find which package introduced a

security vulnerability?

Answer:
Run:

npm audit

147. How do you clean up unnecessary dependencies in

NPM?

Answer:
Run: npm prune

148. How do you fix a package version in NPM?

Answer:
Run: npm install package-name@version --save-exact

149. How do you list all available Maven goals for a

project?

Answer:
Run:

mvn help:describe -Dcmd=compile

or

mvn help:effective-pom

to see all project settings.

150. How do you generate a Maven dependency report in a
structured format?

Answer:
Run:

mvn dependency:tree -DoutputFile=[Link]

To generate an HTML report:

mvn project-info-reports:dependencies

151. How do you generate a Maven build report for

performance analysis?

Answer:
Run:

mvn clean install -DbuildTimeSummary=true

or

mvn clean install -X > [Link]

Then analyze [Link].

152. How do you exclude a specific plugin from a Maven

build?

Answer:
Use:

mvn clean install -[Link]=true

For example, to skip the maven-compiler-plugin:

mvn clean install -[Link]=true

153. How do you define a dependency that ould only be

used in a specific Maven profile?

Answer:
Define it inside a profile:

<profiles>

<profile>

<id>test-profile</id>

<dependencies>

<dependency>

<groupId>[Link]</groupId>

<artifactId>test-library</artifactId>

<version>1.0.0</version>

</dependency>

</dependencies>

</profile>

</profiles>
154. How do you run a Maven project with a different
JDK version?

Answer:
Run:

JAVA_HOME=/path/to/java11 mvn clean install

or set it in pom.:

<properties>

<[Link]>11</[Link]>

<[Link]>11</[Link]>

</properties>

155. How do you generate a site report for a Maven

project?

Answer:
Run:

mvn site

This generates documentation in target/site.

156. How do you ensure that a Maven build fails if a

dependency is missing?

Answer:
Set:
<failOnMissingWeb>true</failOnMissingWeb>

Or run:

mvn clean install -e

157. How do you enforce Java version compatibility

across multiple Maven projects?

Answer:
Define the version in a parent POM:

<properties>

<[Link]>17</[Link]>

<[Link]>17</[Link]>

</properties>

158. How do you create a custom Maven lifecycle phase?

Answer:
Create a custom plugin and bind it to a phase in pom.:

<plugin>

<groupId>[Link]</groupId>

<artifactId>maven-antrun-plugin</artifactId>

<executions>

<execution>

<phase>validate</phase>
 <goals>

<goal>run</goal>

</goals>

</execution>

</executions>

</plugin>

159. How do you use Maven profiles in Jenkins?

Answer:
In the Jenkins build step, use:

mvn clean package -Pprod

160. How do you make a Maven project compile faster?

Answer:
Use parallel builds:

mvn clean install -T 4

Skip tests:

mvn clean install -DskipTests

Use incremental compilation:

mvn clean package -[Link]=true

161. How do you install a package as a peer dependency

in NPM?
Answer:
Run:

npm install package-name --save-peer

162. How do you install multiple versions of the same

package in an NPM project?

Answer:
Use npx:

npx [email protected] my-app

npx [email protected] my-app2

Or use npm alias:

"dependencies": {

"react-legacy": "npm:[email protected]",

"react-latest": "npm:[email protected]"

163. How do you generate an NPM dependency graph?

Answer:
Run:

npm list -- > dependency-tree.

164. How do you install an NPM package from a private

registry?

Answer:
 Run:

npm install package-name

--registry=[Link]

Or configure .npmrc:

ini

registry=[Link]

_authToken=your-token

165. How do you upgrade a specific dependency in NPM?

Answer:
Run:

npm update package-name

166. How do you downgrade an NPM package?

Answer:
Run:

npm install package-name@version

167. How do you link a local package in NPM for

development?

Answer:
Run inside the package directory:

npm link
Then, in another project:

npm link package-name

168. How do you verify the integrity of installed NPM

packages?

Answer:
Run:

npm audit

169. How do you delete all NPM dependencies and

reinstall them?

Answer:
Run:

rm -rf node_modules package-lock.

npm install

170. How do you run multiple NPM scripts in sequence?

Answer:
Use &&:

npm run lint && npm run build && npm run test

171. How do you create an NPM workspace for managing

multiple packages?

Answer:

Define workspaces in package.:

{

"workspaces": ["packages/*"]

Install dependencies:

npm install

172. How do you completely reset NPM to its default

state?

Answer:
Run:

npm cache clean --force

rm -rf node_modules package-lock.

npm install

173. How do you publi an NPM package with a specific

tag?

Answer:
Run:

npm publi --tag beta

174. How do you enforce [Link] version in an NPM

project?

Answer:
Specify in package.:
"engines": {

"node": ">=16.0.0"

Run:

nvm use 16

175. How do you prevent breaking changes when updating

dependencies?

Answer:
Use:

npm audit fix --force

or manually update versions in package..

176. How do you configure Maven to store dependencies

in a custom directory instead of ~/.m2/repository?

Answer:
Use the localRepository setting in settings.:

<localRepository>/custom/maven/repository</localReposit
ory>

Or specify it in the command line:

mvn clean install

-[Link]=/custom/maven/repository
177. How do you enforce a specific dependency version
across all modules in a multi-module Maven project?

Answer:
Define it in dependencyManagement in the parent POM:

<dependencyManagement>

<dependencies>

<dependency>

<groupId>[Link]</groupId>

<artifactId>commons-lang3</artifactId>

<version>3.12.0</version>

</dependency>

</dependencies>

</dependencyManagement>

178. How do you deploy a Maven-built JAR to an AWS S3

bucket?

Answer:
Use the Maven Wagon Plugin:

<distributionManagement>

<repository>

<id>aws-s3</id>
 <url>s3://my-bucket/releases/</url>

</repository>

</distributionManagement>

Then, deploy with:

mvn deploy

179. How do you resolve Could not resolve dependencies

error in Maven?

Answer:

Run:

mvn dependency:tree

● Manually add the correct version in

dependencyManagement.

Run:

mvn clean install -U

180. How do you skip Maven enforcer plugin rules?

Answer:
Run:

mvn clean install -[Link]=true

181. How do you configure a Maven project to build a

Docker image?
Answer:
Use Jib Plugin:

<plugin>

<groupId>[Link]</groupId>

<artifactId>jib-maven-plugin</artifactId>

<configuration>

<to>

<image>my-docker-repo/my-app:latest</image>

</to>

</configuration>

</plugin>

Run:

mvn compile jib:build

182. How do you use a different settings. file for a

Maven build?

Answer:
Run:

mvn clean install --settings /path/to/custom-settings.

183. How do you generate a custom Maven archetype?

Answer:
 Run:

mvn archetype:create-from-project

cd target/generated-sources/archetype

mvn install

184. How do you configure Maven for offline builds?

Answer:
Run:

mvn clean install -o

185. How do you find the effective configuration of a

Maven project?

Answer:
Run:

mvn help:effective-pom

or

mvn help:effective-settings

186. How do you install an NPM package without

executing its post-install scripts?

Answer:
Run:

npm install package-name --ignore-scripts

187. How do you check if an NPM package version exists?

Answer:
Run:

npm ow package-name versions

188. How do you use a different .npmrc file for

different projects?

Answer:
Run:

npm install --userconfig /path/to/custom/.npmrc

189. How do you remove an NPM package from dependencies

but keep it in devDependencies?

Answer:
Run:

npm uninstall package-name --save-prod

190. How do you lock dependency versions in an NPM

project?

Answer:
Run:

npm ci

191. How do you install a package but prevent automatic

dependency resolution?
Answer:
Run:

npm install package-name --no-save --legacy-peer-deps

192. How do you determine which dependency installed

another package in NPM?

Answer:
Run:

npm ls package-name

193. How do you automatically update all dependencies

to their latest versions?

Answer:
Run:

npx npm-check-updates -u

npm install

194. How do you create an NPM package with TypeScript?

Answer:

Initialize a project:

npm init -y

Install TypeScript:

npm install typescript --save-dev

Generate tsconfig.:

npx tsc --init

195. How do you list all unused dependencies in an NPM

project?

Answer:
Run:

npx depcheck

196. How do you install an NPM package globally for a

specific user?

Answer:
Run:

npm install -g package-name --prefix

/home/user/.npm-global

Then add this directory to PATH:

export PATH=/home/user/.npm-global/bin:$PATH

197. How do you debug an NPM package installation

failure?

Answer:
Run:

npm install package-name --verbose

or check logs:
npm install package-name 2> [Link]

198. How do you publi an NPM package to a custom

registry?

Answer:
Set the registry:

npm set registry [Link]

Then publi:

npm publi --registry=[Link]

199. How do you prevent an NPM package from being

automatically updated?

Answer:
Use:

"dependencies": {

"package-name": "1.2.3"

or add:

"package-name":

{ "version": "1.2.3",

"resolved":
"[Link]
-[Link]",

"integrity": "a512-abc123..."

in package-lock..

200. How do you automatically fix security

vulnerabilities in NPM packages?

Answer:
Run:

npm audit fix

For forced updates:

npm audit fix --force