SIGMA COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE

Moododu, Anducode Post, Kanyakumari District

Approved by COA-New Delhi & Affiliated to Anna University-Chennai

B. Arch degree

AR3311

Advanced space design

Data collection

Name: T.K. Ghanisha

Batch: 2021-2026
Year: II Sem: III
Academic year: 2023-
24
Primary school:

A school for children between the ages of about five and eleven.

Things that make a primary school better are take care of students' safety measures, big
playground, colourful classes, proper ventilation and sanitation etc.

Lovelly international school

Space alignment:
Factors:

Age category:
Furniture:
FINISHES OF CLASSROOM:
Finishes for primary school classrooms should prioritize safety, durability, and a
stimulating learning environment. Here are some suitable finishes for primary
school classrooms:

 Paint: Use low-VOC (volatile organic compounds) or zero-VOC paints to

minimize harmful emissions. Choose bright, cheerful colours to create an
engaging and welcoming atmosphere. You can also consider using
chalkboard or whiteboard paint on one wall for interactive learning.

 Flooring: Select durable and easy-to-clean flooring materials like vinyl,

linoleum, or commercial-grade carpet tiles. These materials are resilient
and can withstand the wear and tear of active children. Carpet tiles with
fun patterns can add a playful touch.

 Ceilings: opt for acoustical ceiling tiles to control noise levels in the
classroom. These tiles can help create a more focused and quieter learning
environment. You can also consider colourful or textured ceiling tiles to
make the space visually appealing.
 Furniture: Invest in sturdy, ergonomic, and child-sized furniture made
from easy-to-clean materials. Chairs and tables should be adjustable to
accommodate different age groups. Consider using colourful and
comfortable seating to make the classroom inviting.

 Cabinetry and Storage: Use durable, child-friendly cabinets and

storage units with rounded edges and easy-to-open doors. Label storage
areas with pictures and words to help younger students organize their
belongings.

 Bulletin Boards and Wall Coverings: Install bulletin boards for

displaying student work, announcements, and educational materials. Cork
bulletin boards are a good choice. Consider adding educational wall decals
or murals to stimulate learning and creativity.

 Window Treatments: Use blinds or curtains that can be easily adjusted

to control natural light. Consider blackout curtains for multimedia
presentations. Window treatments with colourful patterns can add a playful
touch.

 Safety Features: Ensure all finishes are free of sharp edges or corners.
Use non-slip materials on stairs and ramps. Install childproof locks on
cabinets and doors to prevent accidents.

 Interactive Elements: Incorporate interactive elements like

whiteboards, blackboards, or magnetic boards to encourage active
learning. These can be used for lessons, group activities, and student
engagement.

 Lighting: Maximize natural light with large windows but ensure that you
can control the glare when needed. Use energy-efficient LED lighting to
create a well-lit and comfortable environment.

 Storage Solutions: Provide ample storage for books, supplies, and

students' personal items. Shelving units, cubbies, and lockers can help
keep the classroom organized.

 Technology Integration: Ensure the classroom has the necessary

infrastructure for technology, such as power outlets, data ports, and
projector screens.

 Flexible Layout: Design the classroom with a flexible layout that allows
for different teaching styles, group activities, and collaborative learning.
  Art and Decor: Incorporate educational and age-appropriate artwork,
posters, and educational charts on the walls to create an inspiring learning
environment.

Spaces in a school:
1. Classrooms
2. Office
3. Principal
4. Vice principal
5. Conference hall
6. Reception
7. Library
8. Computer lab
9. Staff room
10. Stores
11. Toilets – boys, girls, staff
12. Assembly hall / ground
13. Play area
14. Playground / courts
15. Parking
16. Security kiosk
17. Power back up area

 Classrooms:

Space needed as per students age group

Furniture layout (seating, furniture arrangement)

No. Of students accommodated

Ventilation

Board vision

Area per person: 0.9 m^2

Verandas –south and west

Ventilators-east and north (only one side of classroom)

1 square metre (10.7 square feet) space per student,

Preschool:

The preschool - ground floor.

Surroundings - natural resources which can be used as educative material.

Minimum 300/450 (15×20/30)

Square metres per 25 children.

Floor area - minimum 35 (5×7) square m –max of 25 children

Provision for a blackboard according to the height of the children

Activity area:

Visible from every part of the room,

Open baskets must be provided

Open shelves must be provided

Child free materials must be used

Carpets must be given

Child friendly
Free from any sharp edges

Nails, screws, and edges - checked

Doors- should not have self-locking systems or latches.

Latches on the door should be beyond the reach of the children

There should be a mesh in all the windows.

Windows should be secure

Room:

Width length ratio = 1:1.2to 1:1.5(creates tunnel effect)

Only one side entrance to classroom.

500 sq. Feet classroom is easy enough to make sir 35 ~ 40

800 to 1,100 square feet, for 30 to 30

450 mm - pre-primary
sill height from finished floor level
750 mm - higher classes

Ventilation:
Seating arrangement:
40 students with a therr-
sharing desk .

Area is 71 sq.m
 A classroom with 30 students with
single desk and benches can be
rearranged in a U-shaped pattern to
facilitiate activities .

The area is 65 sq.m

Dimensions
Colour scheme:

Brown shades

Natural colours- blue, orange, or green. Colours to be considered

Pink, apricot, and peach

Colours that lie next to each other in the spectrum are

Example, red and orange.

Colours for pre-primary classroom:

 Soft pastels
E.G., Light blues, soft pinks, pale yellows
Psychological association: calming, comforting, and nurturing.
Use: soft pastels can create a welcoming and soothing atmosphere, which is
beneficial for young children who may be transitioning to a school environment
for the first time.

 Bright primary Colores (e.g., Red, blue, yellow)

Psychological association: energetic, cheerful, and stimulating.
Use: these colours can be used for accent walls, furniture, and educational
materials to create a vibrant and engaging learning environment. However,
excessive use of bright colours can be overstimulating, so it's best to balance
them with softer tones.

 Green:
Psychological association: growth, tranquillity, and balance.
Use: green is often associated with nature and can promote a sense of calm and
well-being. It's a good choice for classroom walls or decorations.

 Purple:
Psychological association: creativity, imagination, and inspiration.
Use: purple accents can encourage imaginative play and creativity in young
children. It can be used in moderation in art corners or play areas.

 Orange:
Psychological association: energy, enthusiasm, and warmth.
Use: orange can be used as an accent colour to add a sense of energy and
positivity to the classroom. It's often associated with fun and playfulness.

 Soft neutrals (e.g., Beige, light Gray):

Psychological association: calm, simplicity, and focus.
Use: neutral colours provide a balanced backdrop for more vibrant accents and
can help maintain a sense of calm and focus on the classroom.

 Multi-coloured themes:
Psychological association: stimulation, diversity, and variety.
Use: A multi-coloured theme can be engaging for young children, especially
when used in educational materials, posters, and decorations. However, it's
important not to
Colours for primary classroom:
 Blue:
Psychological association: calmness, concentration, and reliability.
Use: blue is a calming colour that can promote focus and a sense of security. It's
a good choice for classroom walls or as a background colour for instructional
materials.

 Green:
Psychological association: growth, balance, and harmony.
Use: green is associated with nature and can create a harmonious and calming
atmosphere. It's suitable for classroom walls, especially if you want to promote a
sense of well-being.

 Yellow:
Psychological association: optimism, energy, and happiness.
Use: yellow is a cheerful colour that can inspire positivity and enthusiasm. It's
great for accent walls, decorations, or play areas in the classroom.

 Red:
Psychological association: excitement, passion, and energy.
Use: red can be used strategically to draw attention to important areas or
information in the classroom. It can be overstimulating in large quantities, so it's
best used sparingly.

 Orange:
Psychological association: creativity, warmth, and enthusiasm.
Use: orange can add a sense of energy and playfulness to the classroom. It's
suitable for accent walls, art corners, or creative spaces.

 Purple:
Psychological association: imagination, creativity, and inspiration.
Use: purple can encourage imaginative play and creative thinking. It's an
excellent choice for art corners or areas where creativity is fostered.

 Soft neutrals (e.g., Beige, light Gray):

Psychological association: calm, simplicity, and focus.
Use: neutral colours provide a balanced backdrop for more vibrant accents and
can help maintain a sense of calm and focus on the classroom.

 Multi-coloured themes:
Psychological association: stimulation, diversity, and variety.
Use: using a variety of colours in educational materials, posters, and decorations
can create an engaging and stimulating environment for primary students.

 White:
Psychological comfort: white can create a sense of psychological comfort and
tranquillity. It can help reduce stress and anxiety in students, providing a
calming backdrop for learning activities.
Positive associations: white is often associated with positive attributes such as
purity, clarity, and new beginnings. These associations can contribute to a
positive and optimistic atmosphere in the classroom.
Reflection of light: white surfaces reflect light well, making classrooms appear
brighter and more inviting. Adequate lighting can positively affect students'
mood and alertness, contributing to a more productive learning environment.

Door

Lockable and unlock able from outside the classroom.

Interior modern school classroom door, for schools, 30 inches by 80 inches.

100 square feet per child of space in the overall centre -for 1 kid
Types of doors used in classrooms:

 Single swing door:

Dimensions: standard single doors typically measure 36 inches (91 cm) in width
and 80 inches (203 cm) in height.

 Double swing doors:

Dimensions: double doors are often used in larger classrooms or as exit doors.
Each door leaf in a double door setup is usually 36 inches (91 cm)
wide, making the total width 72 inches (183 cm).
The height is typically 80 inches (203 cm).

 Sliding doors:
Dimensions: sliding doors can vary widely in size, but they are often customized
to fit the specific needs of the classroom. They may be as wide as necessary for
the opening, and the height is typically 80 inches (203 cm).

 Fire-rated doors:
Dimensions: fire-rated doors are designed to withstand fire for a specified
duration.
They typically have similar dimensions to standard single swing
doors, measuring 36 inches (91 cm) in width and 80 inches (203 cm) in
height.

 Glass doors:
Dimensions: glass doors can also come in various sizes. Standard dimensions for
glass doors are similar to single swing doors, with a width of 36 inches (91 cm)
and a height of 80 inches (203 cm).

 Pocket doors:
Dimensions: pocket doors slide into a recessed pocket in the wall, so their
dimensions can vary based on the available wall space. Standard widths are
similar to single swing doors at 36 inches (91 cm), but the height remains at 80
inches (203 cm).

 Bifold doors:
Dimensions: bifold doors consist of two panels that fold in the centre.
Each panel can be 18 inches (46 cm) to 24 inches (61 cm) wide,
resulting in a total width of 36 to 48 inches (91 to 122 cm).
The height is typically 80 inches (203 cm).
Entrance:
Main entrance area should have a strong sense of arrival and space.

Corridor - minimum of 1800mm clear in width

Natural lighting,

Space
appropriate for the school’s needs and location
Colour in the circulation areas

Floor and wall finishes

Adequate vision panels - small children (teacher monitor from far distance)

Ventilators -baffles for noise, wind and rain.

Windows should be double glazed

Non-slippery

Chemically resistant

Durable
Floor finishes
Resistant to wear

Easily cleaned.

The Health and Safety

Types of entrance a school can have:

 Single-door entrance:
Dimensions: standard single doors for school entrances typically measure 36
inches (91 cm) in width and 80 inches (203 cm) in height. However, accessibility
regulations may require wider doors, such as 42 inches (107 cm) or 48 inches
(122 cm), to accommodate wheelchair users.

 Double-door entrance:
Dimensions: double doors at school entrances consist of two individual door
leaves. Each door leaf is typically 36 inches (91 cm) wide, resulting in a total
entrance width of 72 inches (183 cm). As with single doors, wider options may be
necessary for accessibility.
 Glass entrance:
Dimensions: glass entrances often have standard door dimensions similar to
single or double doors, but they may be customized to accommodate larger
glass panels for an aesthetic and inviting look.

 Revolving entrance:
Dimensions: revolving entrances can vary in size, but the diameter of the
revolving portion is often around 8 to 10 feet (244 to 305 cm). The height of the
revolving door is typically 7 to 8 feet (213 to 244 cm).

 Sliding entrance:
Dimensions: sliding entrances have variable dimensions based on the size of the
opening. They can range from around 6 to 10 feet (183 to 305 cm) in width, and
the height is typically 7 to 8 feet (213 to 244 cm).

 Canopy or overhang:
Dimensions: entrance canopies or overhangs can vary in size and design. They
often extend several feet out from the building's façade, providing shelter and
protection for students during inclement weather.

 Ada-compliant entrances:
Dimensions: to meet accessibility requirements under the Americans with
disabilities act (ADA) in the United States, school entrances should have clear
openings of at least 32 inches (81 cm) wide for doors, with a minimum of 18
inches (46 cm) of clear space on the pull side of the door. Additionally, entrance
ramps and tactile warning surfaces may be required.

 Access control systems:

Dimensions: access control systems, such as turnstiles or gates, can vary in size
depending on the manufacturer and specific requirements. They are designed to
accommodate one person at a time.

 Main gate (vehicle entrance):

Dimensions: vehicle entrance gates can be as wide as necessary to
accommodate the flow of traffic. Common widths for vehicle gates range from 12
to 20 feet (366 to 610 cm) or more, depending on the size of vehicles expected
to pass through.
Office:
An office in a school is a critical administrative space that serves various
functions related to the daily operations, management, and communication
within the educational institution. Here are some common aspects and functions
of an office in a school:

Administrative hub: the school office serves as the central administrative hub
where administrative staff, such as principals, vice principals, secretaries, and
administrative assistants, manage the day-to-day operations of the school.

Communication center: it is a place where communication between the

school, students, parents, and the community takes place. This includes
receiving and making phone calls, handling emails, distributing notices, and
managing school correspondence.

Student records: the office is responsible for maintaining and managing

student records, including enrollment, attendance, academic records, and health
records. This information is crucial for tracking student progress and ensuring
compliance with educational regulations.

Enrollment and registration: parents and guardians typically visit the school
office to enroll their children, complete registration paperwork, and provide
required documentation.

Visitor management: the office may handle visitor check-ins, issuing visitor
badges, and maintaining records of individuals entering the school premises for
security purposes.

Attendance monitoring: school attendance is closely monitored and recorded

in the office. Staff may track daily attendance, tardiness, and absences, and
notify parents or guardians when necessary.

Emergency response: in the event of emergencies, such as fire drills or

lockdowns, the office often plays a central role in coordinating responses,
disseminating information, and ensuring the safety of students and staff.
Scheduling and calendar management: the office manages school
calendars, schedules, and appointments for staff, meetings, parent-teacher
conferences, and events.

Student services: school counselors and support staff may have offices within
or adjacent to the school office to provide academic, social, and emotional
support to students.

Teacher support: teachers may visit the office for various administrative needs,
including obtaining teaching materials, addressing classroom issues, or
requesting assistance with student-related matters.

Financial management: school finances, including budgeting, accounts payable,

and payroll, may be managed within the office by financial administrators.

Health services: some school offices have a health office or nurse's station where
basic health services are provided, and student health records are maintained.

Parent-teacher conferences: the office often schedules and facilitates parent-

teacher conferences, providing a meeting space for parents and teachers to
discuss students' progress.

Document management: the office is responsible for organizing and storing

various documents, including educational materials, textbooks, forms, and
administrative records.

Security: ensuring the security and safety of the office and its occupants is a
priority. This may include implementing access control measures and visitor
screening.

Public relations: the office staff often serve as the first point of contact for
parents and the community, representing the school's image and fostering
positive relationships.

 Principal
The principal's office is typically one of the larger offices in the school office
suite.
It should provide ample space for the principal to conduct meetings, store
records, and perform administrative tasks.
 A minimum of 150 to 200 square feet (14 to 18.6 square meters) is often
recommended for the principal's office.

 Vice principal
The vice principal's office may be slightly smaller than the principal's office but
should still provide adequate space for administrative tasks and meetings.
A minimum of 120 to 150 square feet (11.1 to 13.9 square meters) is often
suitable for the vice principal's office.

 Conference room
The office suite may include a conference room for staff meetings, parent-
teacher conferences, and other gatherings.
The size of the conference room can vary, but a minimum of 200 to 300 square
feet (18.6 to 27.9 square meters) can accommodate a small group comfortably.

 Reception area
If the office serves as a point of contact for visitors and parents, it should include
a reception area with a desk or counter.
The size of the reception area depends on the expected number of visitors but
should allow for proper greeting and assistance.

 Library
parking

playground Away from

assembly hall

10%of school strength -3M^2

Lighting:

Natural Light:
Maximize the use of natural light by incorporating large windows, skylights, and
glass walls.
Place reading areas, study tables, and bookshelves near windows to take
advantage of daylight.

Window Design:
Use energy-efficient windows that allow ample daylight while minimizing glare
and UV radiation

Lighting Fixtures:
Choose energy-efficient and adjustable lighting fixtures, such as LED or
fluorescent lights, to supplement natural light.

Light Colour:
Use light-coloured walls, ceilings, and floors to reflect and distribute light
effectively. Light colours create a sense of spaciousness and brightness.

Lighting Design:
Consider the placement and design of lighting fixtures to evenly distribute light
throughout the library. Avoid creating dark corners or overly bright spots.

Ventilation:

Natural Ventilation:
Whenever possible, design the library with windows that can be opened to allow
for natural ventilation. Operable windows can help regulate indoor air quality and
temperature.

HVAC Systems:
Install efficient heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems
designed to provide adequate ventilation. HVAC systems should have high-
efficiency filters to improve indoor air quality.

Air Exchange:
Ensure that the HVAC system provides a sufficient rate of air exchange to
remove indoor pollutants and bring in fresh outdoor air. Compliance with building
codes and ventilation standards is essential.

Zoning:
Divide the library into zones with separate ventilation controls, if possible. This
allows for customized temperature and ventilation settings in different areas,
catering to varying user preferences.

Air Quality:
Implement measures to maintain good indoor air quality, such as using low-VOC
(volatile organic compound) materials for furniture and finishes, and regular
maintenance of HVAC systems.

Ceiling Fans:
Ceiling fans can help improve air circulation and comfort in the library. They can
be particularly useful in combination with natural ventilation.

Atriums and Courtyards:

Consider the incorporation of atriums or outdoor courtyards within the library
design. These open spaces can provide natural ventilation and a connection to
the outdoors.

Comfortable Seating:
Ensure that seating areas are positioned to take advantage of natural
ventilation and are comfortable for library users.
 Computer lab:
Minimum size of computer laboratory should be 9 m x 6 m each (approx. 600 sq. Ft.)
50 - 100 mm would be good spacing.
At least a three-year warranty on all computer hardware
Proper power backup must be placed.

print serving
Server hardware
Storage

Black and white laser printing

Printing
Color printing (laser or inkjet)

Rows all facing the front of the room(instruction)

Single computers at large tables

One workstation in each facility should be placed on an adjustable height table for accessibility by
people using wheelchairs
 Staff room:
3 sq. (Min, excluding racks)
Each staff room-mall kitchen (electric coffee machine and a clearing table)
Spacious and properly ventilated.
Each teacher -a personal space to keep their reference books, teaching and
learning materials.
A locker to keep their personal and important stuff.
 Stores –
Canteen:
The standard size of a school canteen is 160 to 180 cm in length.

Not near toilet

Away from smoke odors Location

not near trafic area -vehicle

Designed to permit easy and adequate cleaning

Designed to permit easy and adequate cleaning
Windows and other openings should be fitted with insect proof screens.
Doors should have smooth, non-absorbent surfaces and, be self-closing
 Toilets – boys, girls, staff
One toilet for 80 students, one toilet per 25 girls and one female staff and one toilet per 50
boys with one male staff.

Disables people toilet:

One accessible or ambulant toilet cubicle per washroom

.
Minimum area of the toilet cubicle should not be less then 0.9 sq. M
 The slope inside the cubicle should be towards the toilet seats to drain off water

A drop of 15 mm in the flooring should be provided at the cubicle door

In case of girl's toilet cubicle- a small niche at child accessible height (571 mm from floor) needs to
be placed for new sanitary napkins.

Additionally, a disposal bin which is attached to one of the walls must be provided in each cubicle.

A dado of 1500 mm height should be provided for ease of maintenance.

The door of the toilet cubicle should inside

Boys' toilet:

minimum width - single urinal - 600mm ,minimum depth 450 mm.

A privacy/ modesty guard should be provided between two urinals.

modesty guard - height of 350 mm above the floor up to a height of 950 mm.

The urinal - minimum depth of 750mm and 100 mm high platform.

The depth of 450 mm shown is applicable for all urinals.

The height of the urinal for children below 10 years of age should be 410 mm (flush valve at 765 mm) and for

above 10 years should be 660 mm(flush valve at 1015

mm).

Dado cladding should extended horizontally up to 1500mm on walls of the urinals.

The edges and corners of the wall should be chamfered

to increase safety

To prevent water overflowing- 10 mm drop - edge of the platform .

There should be a slope in the basin should be provided.

RAMP DETAILS :

The ideal recommended slope is 1:18- space

available is less- 1:12 .

plinth height of 300 mm from the ground

length -sloping ramp will be = 300 x 12 = 3600

mm.

The slope should not be steeper than 1:12 which

will be very difficult for a child to independently
propel the wheelchair

The ramp floor must be floored with antiskid

tiles.

The rails must extend horizontally for 300 mm on

both sides beyond the sloped area, as also the
floor.
Normal people:
The handles and securing bolt must be at child accessible height.

The doors for urinals and toilets for boys and girls must have hooks at different heights (1100, 1300 and 1500
mm from the floor) to hang loose clothes.

The door should have clearance of at least 75 mm from the floor to avoid damage due to continuous
dampness or splashing of water.

Door handles should be provided at two different heights for all age of child (693 mm and 1025 mm), or one
long handle could be provided.

The door of the toilet cubicle should open on both sides. (Swing door)

 Assembly hall:
Assume that the typical stage is 30-35 feet deep with a proscenium opening of 40-50 feet
wide, and up to 30 feet tall.
Retractable seating system –provides space when folded in, used for multi-purpose
 Play area – swings, slides, merry go round and other outdoor play equipment's
splash pools

sand pits

non-toxic play equipment's

Ammunities
audio-visual arena

puppet corner

outdoor and indoor toys

Splash pool:
Sand pit:
Audio-visual arena:
Play areas:
Indoor protection:
Foam indoor playground tiles - 4 ft. Fall height ASTM rated
Waterproof and non-absorbent
Easy to assemble without any adhesive
Reversible and removable for portability
Flexible PVC stay lock tiles - 20 in. Fall height ASTM rated
Provide some protection from fall-related injury
Connected with a loop-and-tab system that will not loosen or separate
Waterproof

Rubber sterling playground tiles - 6 ft. Fall height ASTM rated

Protects against fall-related head injury
Easy to install indoors, and it is manufactured from recycled materials.

Carpet bonded foam cheerleading mats

 Playground / courts
Adequate space per student:
It's important to provide enough space for students to engage in active
play comfortably.
A common guideline is to allocate at least 100 to 200 square feet (9.3 to
18.6 square meters) of playground space per student.
The actual amount may vary based on factors like age, activities offered,
and local regulations.

Basketball court
Football court:
Tennis court:
 400 meters or 1,312.3 feet long (first lane)
 The oval-shaped track is 176,91 meters long and 92,5 meters wide
 Usually, a 400-meter running track has 8 lanes of 1,22 meters wide (4 ft) and the track
requires a total area of 157,092 square feet or 14,594 square meters
 Indoor running track is typically 200 meters long with 6 running lanes
 Running lane width varies between 0.9 – 1.22 meters
 The oval-shaped track is 88,455 meters (290,20ft) long and 46,25 meters wide (151,74ft)
 An indoor running track with 6 lanes requires a space of 78,546 square feet or 7,297
square meters (generally speaking at least 80.000 square feet).
Unusually sized track which is only built when there is not enough space for a 400-meter
track

Starting positions differ from 200 and 400-meter tracks to be able to handle all typical
running distances

Running lanes are 1.22 meters (4ft) wide

The oval-shaped running track is 129,16 meters (423,9’) long and 89,12 meters (292,5’)
wide. It requires a total area of 10,305 square meters or 110,922 square feet for the
construction

 Parking:

Separate-students, staffs, visitors ([Link] students and staff)

Parallel

Perpendicular
Techniques to park
angle

double parking.

The ideal parking size should be a minimum of 2.5 x 5.5 sq.M(motor vehicle), 1.2-3 sq.
(2-wheeler), 3.75 x 7.5 sq.M (transport vehicle).
Entry nd exit to parking space for two way trafic parking .

parking width 2.50 m

Entry nd exit to parking space for two way trafic parking .

parking width 2.50 m and a rod width of 5.50 m

Security kiosk:

The functions that occur in a school security kiosk can include:

 Access control: monitoring and controlling access to the school premises,

including entry and exit points. Security personnel may verify the identity of
individuals entering the school, check visitor credentials, and ensure that only
authorized personnel gain access.

 Surveillance: monitoring security cameras and surveillance equipment placed

throughout the school, including hallways, entrances, parking lots, and
common areas. Security personnel watch for suspicious activities or potential
security threats.

 Emergency response: coordinating responses to emergency situations, such

as lockdowns, fires, medical emergencies, or severe weather events. The
kiosk may serve as a communication center to relay information to staff,
students, and first responders.

 Communication: receiving and dispatching calls or radio communications from

school staff, teachers, or other security personnel. The kiosk is often equipped
with communication devices to ensure rapid response to incidents.

 Alarm monitoring: monitoring and responding to alarms triggered by security

systems, such as intrusion alarms, fire alarms, or panic alarms. Security
personnel may assess the situation and take appropriate action.

 Visitor management: registering and tracking visitors, including the issuance

of visitor badges or identification, and maintaining records of visitor entry and
exit times.

 Crisis management: developing and implementing crisis response plans,

including lockdown procedures, evacuation plans, and communication
protocols. Security personnel may initiate lockdowns and coordinate
responses during emergencies.

 Patrol and response: conducting regular security patrols within the school
premises and responding to incidents or reports of suspicious activity.
Security personnel may be responsible for maintaining a visible presence to
deter potential threats.
 Documentation: maintaining detailed logs and records of security-related
incidents, visitor entries, and responses to emergencies. Documentation is
crucial for post-incident analysis and reporting.

 Equipment management: ensuring that security equipment, such as cameras,

alarms, and communication systems, is functioning correctly. Routine
maintenance and troubleshooting may be conducted from the security kiosk.

 Security checks: conducting security checks on individuals or bags when

necessary, such as during random searches or when there is reasonable
suspicion of a threat.

 Reporting: reporting incidents, security concerns, or suspicious activities to

appropriate authorities, including law enforcement if necessary.

 Collaboration: collaborating with school administrators, teachers, and staff to

enhance security protocols and provide support in maintaining a safe school
environment.

 POWER BACK UP AREA:

The minimum area required for a power backup room in a primary school can
vary based on several factors:

size of the school

electrical load it needs to support

specific power backup equipment being used (e.g., generators or

uninterruptible power supplies - UPS).

However, as a general guideline, a power backup room for a primary

school should typically have enough space to accommodate the backup
equipment and provide for safe operation and maintenance.

Here are some considerations for determining the minimum area of a power
backup room in a primary school:

 Equipment Size: The size and capacity of the backup power equipment will
significantly influence the room's dimensions. Larger generators or UPS
systems will require more space.

 Safety Clearances: Adequate space should be provided around the backup

equipment to ensure safe operation, maintenance, and ventilation. Follow the
manufacturer's recommendations and local building codes for safety
clearances.

 Ventilation: Proper ventilation is essential to dissipate heat generated by the

equipment and to ensure that exhaust fumes (in the case of generators) are
safely dispersed. Ventilation systems may require additional space.

 Access and Mobility: There should be enough space for maintenance

personnel to access and move around the backup equipment comfortably.
Ensure that doors and passageways are wide enough to accommodate the
equipment's installation and removal.

 Fuel Storage: If the backup system uses a diesel generator, space for fuel
storage and safety measures, such as fuel tanks and spill containment, should
be included.

 Electrical Distribution: The room should include appropriate electrical

distribution panels, circuits, and connections to distribute backup power to
critical areas of the school.

 Security: Implement security measures to prevent unauthorized access to the

power backup room. This may include locks, alarms, and security cameras.
 Environmental Considerations: Consider the environmental conditions of the
room, including temperature and humidity control, to ensure the reliability of
the backup equipment.

 Compliance: Ensure that the power backup room complies with local building
codes, safety standards, and environmental regulations.