Basic s OA Des 7D' Oj achine elemeDTS,
Coo+epS
Bacc PbcedUTe o Ma chine de
sisn,types 0 s+resses
under variaus falure modes, coocap* os Faccor O
Rnssiole ehr C
Sabty,
ss
simple nu
mema), CoaP 0
bedine G
tossioaJ 9har
essel, Numena Fo Hond ToTque,
SheeY ShresS. Sto Hc and Fatique load coosideranonspauerr,
i
Des3
Mocbioe Desijn:
S
de oeo as tnc Use o 3
technbcal scienic pnnuples,
infomabdo ond imagioabon in *HdesenphoD
Os amachine O a
mechanial Ssten ho
tuoidOS n perrtorrm epeihbiC
mUmu eeonOD and
ekien
asic pocedure o Machine
Desin.-
P D sep appnah forD1iven
funcbana equicMco* speaiiahons abou+
o
Podiuer,
A l0gia!
Sequence o stps, is i}usrabrd au beOO,
Marke . indir 3/Nceol
Spe ciHcabtns oj fooduutf
A-1 oHye McahansM|
Selechoo os,
Joinia4 met0ds bet
Siviual campoeo|
Pesjn oj nu ViduaL,
SOP0Deot
****** int
duauLOA
modihi ioHon (reumd
Com)ed b7 ANM, Pep of Mech En1. KLSGIT yV
* ****** ****
SepiHoduct specihcahons-
PsepavoHbo o equremen+ o produur
OP pu Capaayo oachnDC, serice ike, os, rellabiíy
reaurement s
e . Lo ducmeSionaJ
Some o) me podud
speciied
ShcP2 selecHoDo5 MeehoS
t Careful shudy of requoment, e3nes Prepo TeL
ou sLekhes o dikherepmeehao)snms, aso atnahYe
Me
cchoduos Ove comparea each oHe &aldo o i m
wn
mechaos m os me aodus hat axe avoiable in He r r t e r
genesas tol1ouai nin ave considered,
CosoF Aeabve nisura Hoo
Availabi1ity o Ras matenal
Maou yaduin7 faulY,
Depedina poo Cos+ ompehtiveoesg, avai labi lity
O Ra moerials mba. Possibiliy, Te beJ posiblee
s SeleoBed.
Meehaim
Se Layout O conhurabon
ee s
block diaom prcpate showio gereral louout-
Os seleed c a o Deijner speu hes Joioo meTods
Rou steches ot shapes o individual parts are prepared.
Shep4Desnqgof lduvdua Lomponen+s.:-
oportant seP lo esijn D CEss. onsls+s o0
follooioq soges,
C ) DeermioaHod o} ForCes ainq O9 *He u poneos.
Ci Seecsom o Mo+ena, dependio 0 tuDsmal cquoen
Socn as h c , 7Jidiy, bomd ness weors resisante.
C i ) Deemine 11key de O Foilure & dependin1 up0
tseec Faure cridena. Lyldd stenth, u ' a t e sto
Fernissible deMeion
ioot *e compone uog
Civ) DeIniDe e n e b cSdjnens modi hcah00 o3 L n s kns,
suitable Fador o> a
ey
a
2.
SFep5-P PersC0 O Dst uwios
Pepavu Hon 0Dawios o assombly a d indu vduas
Componens.
o o Duwiogs, material of_ompneo, i*s jamosions,tglera nkee,
sovfoce Hnkh gracdes & machining symbols a ve cpechea
Aoess o moahine des'go ivolves SticsnoH
APPaH fom noon speciiati00s to ugtowo sokhon,
fom
hece omeup wHn su lHable dkoHGA,
Oesjner shound
Types o S+Yesie
Dinec stesses Lnduceoio o body due to direcs o«ding1.
ma be Tensile / onmpressi ve o Natuve. Lp}re faiure
maH
s h e a s stvess - hen extero force acnq on a umponeot
tnds to s1ide adjtat adjaceot planes w nespea o
The resuH o r e aUea
ehoter, scSSco o n Hese plones
shear shessel. L Faiue due *o s h e .
Bendoqsress- wheo Coo poeot/body
endirg stress.
momeot , 0 d y uwill ex peoOeOe
beodio1 ecdinq Momes
TFauure due o
* oecessay o
a cormponent,
hie desjoio9
Th)&
Provide sicient cesemve sseo in Case of accident.
donc by t a n i suitab)e fodor of sa bery ( is .
Fotor o sohchy (4s)= Falwesrese C m
allouoable stsess./woloj)
P e r ss ble stress u s a
dcumoe dinenx lons of a m p o n e n t . î t s ondevcd a s a
ShCeS2 whuh wil no4 be excecdco Opera 09
Codiioos.
For ducsle a d c a l , Fo
o-S ( s ) = Fos (3Da
all
O'al
Cut: ulbmahc Shei/ Farlur
Py Yid Sress/Foriluee
Cmm) sthcs&. Cmm
all allooable shcss ( m m ) álle alo ueble c d is.(
hile des)nioq cetain nponeo Fe
assmpnons Crt made o worio condiion4, also
u
dilhiot to
pediu majiude o exDas forCe adhN1 on
he c0nponot
The Facdor of
aby ensoses ogains
these UnCertani hes and uoDODO
CondhonAA,
Bend io9 an Toss jonal shay gtres s
Thcony ot Pure Beodlog M M
beam or Pooon o abearm
Dmot ot constant subjede o Dend î n9a
main)tude throughout t s e 1}H is sald
be
6uRjeted o PUTe hd
BendiO More 1mPotanaY, *he
O DeasD esneobed to Posi
PTe bedioq s
sheos orce Dotcujeeed toany
e
io o
beam suk Sudy oF STesse and defovma sdO
Pue endinq eeao r t bend1nq s thowo
dute
Exaople as
eony ot
CDOside a
M io e stsapbeas ashketed to PN
pane, uet the bM,
FoMow21 Derad may be Obsenea
b
M
Ca) Cb)
hCa)> ca m oiheemep abc d'
cb Beaum bent toO
. Neutas xlsCNot subjeehtd to any ty Pe o)
**
SCao ndes a
Cecasse ot App1 Kol eed oment
The sra jh * beam,
( u u v a u r e tR as.shouDD
ioto a circular Arc ot roadJus ot
isbeot
in Aq. The ectonju lar eemeo+abcd
co
beam ares
of a'be'd al opplica hooobendin
a oens shape
Tbe ronsverse ploOes acbd resmajn planes
momen
of endio1 momem b e oe
Cven a ht applahoo
paslhoo a'c b d ' . Teretore planes
9Dhakd to ne lanes uo1tbou
emai al p
ot a beam under pure bendio
under qoi0 aDy disiorhon
Bendi01Moment LfosiHve
Penodio1
Saggina,
w h b Causes a bea) to bend 1oto Comcove
endinmomeot
shape ooits top
guace \s k o O o as
9a9gi moma
M
A NA Neudras Axis
. Saginendin momen.
oove Neuos oyis AD press jo0/ Com poessive Shess.
Belo Jeudrol ayhs. Tensile sess
Hoing bendin momeot-
end in momen+ Hat Causeg abea to bend iO D
Conveyshape on is top Sotace 1s tooun as Ho19 io monet
M
M
H3H01gi momen
Above Neusa axis Tensile s*TesS.
Bdo eussal ax\s COmpressie etreSs
Bendinq Egua HoO diston a mm)
M Bepdiny noneotN- mm)
oF neha Cmm4) Younjs maduo(ot
momen RaduupdT CUVa hal pm)
Oendi9.S.RS mm?) K -
* * * * 4 * * * 1 h ****"a*** * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
Stesses cue to TODslonal Dmen
A, shab+ Subjeed o an exieXOA Aorque , u chowo
beloko. THE D e r naShesAea, n u h a r e in duceol o res'st
a ion ot S , are easlea Tonsion shear sress
T App)ies Jque.
TS iven o CN-mm)
L=len^hof
shalt (mm)
TuwisCad)
Sess C Nmm
T Torque opplled CN-mm) **
P o l o r monent of ioesRof me
Coss seehoo aboud ads o
otaton Cmm)
sh<}}subjechrd fo
os CiDOa m Men.
The d1s h bu ion o AorsioDa sheas s tscs sEs in shapu
A as sho bel W,
TS scen ma,
a o er Hber and
Zerm oat ne oxis ok a i o o . THe
aoqle o TuNs- Ss5
given b J
=T moduluo of egiddy.
TG.
Eauoho () aod) ore baseo) o0
tollou assumphonA,
The shat \s
sthroht witH circudom CrOsSSeahoo.
2A plane OnSVer se sechon remaioc plone ah uos HnS
T h e maBerna o shah \s homo4eneoua, so to pic and
obeus Hooks l a .
Fomeq uaito and
*****
Poer Tvaos miss i0O
Sta Hal The ciradar shayts are also Used o +mansmit
Poe L1, A shah rotaioq at v oluHnspe mioue
and sueaed to HorqueLT| w ranmit Pouser TP. The
Pouber T 1s pDcluc o ttrqueTTand anjular
welouy (to)
-
Ppwer P= T. .
here a0uar velouy - 2 N (Tads).
60
Pouer 2 N PPouer o CW
Cin ) T Torque CN-m)
an
N vevou onu per oin (rpm)
in
fouser is Ad be obta iDcd K,
P2NT
CK)
6ox000O
*|NOTE-
Polar amomcot ok oelha,
J T d4 CFo so1t iralar shah).
32
(For ho lou cArlar shehd)
T- de4-d)
32
d> dlameter ot shayr Com)
hollan sh«jt Cmm)
do outer diamcer of
d Lo nel diomer dh holou shah Cmm)
sta c apd FahaJe load consicero hom
TL ha been obsanveo nat moteials tau under
fucuahoq stresses a o strAs megrotud e w b b 4 l0uerr
thon whmoe Aensi le
eteogtH o' he o e nal. soehmes
he masoude 's eveo louer Mao yied S t e o . ala 1 s
fouund mat, maqoude ot sCSauso to hque talure
e e c ates a ne number of stus ydes inccases, Ths
PDenomenon ot deereased resistance of machals +o iJuduah
St eO he maio chorosshe of
FahgUe foiluve
Fa hgue tailu ne hs dehi ned as time delay eo
trauye
undes yude_looudLo
taute dUe td staHe load, Joad ip goadia
appieo 2 here 1s Suioeo ime fas the dooga H0 ofbres.
ducsle mateiald Mere \s Considerab)e pasnc How PsoDr
toraure.
0o ottes band ,tahque tauture beains uwin a
erack
O a some pojio atcha
.TheCrack moy OCuur io The
regioNA
L e ad
hole,, 1Keyuauus, gCre vo btads , reaioo of
acbioin opera Had ,iOSPechoo TMaoks, blo boto irreau las Hes
ee.
ese raidos Oxe subjedcd o s
he ss canenra non dule to
Cack.The Cra ck sptads due o
;
in
udden aus e +uuaßnq \Oad asod reus
To are sf Fau
e wndes Stabc l0ad,
Plashc
dehpsn0o0 ocurs pos o suttiucot
wosnioq i0 advance. 00 the otnes ailnewhus hven
oo vsise HI mey a n m a nd, angue Csacks
Surtace ot Me ore
heFauurt nap already +ataD OpoDent ? bythtE
place. Fadgue falre Is
Suddeo Ond total
The Fatailre, bowever depeds upooa n0.f
que
ta &ots, guh
ap number
ot Cy deA, M¬as sATAA,
Ompnude, 4ress Sthcss
e . THS MaKes Coneo¢addD,EAtdal rtAtD
Hhx des1nof CopoDot subjede,OOOs
to
ioD
Puuasn tressD
NUmericals 5
AS+eel Dd of 2Smro dJamder s Subjeaed to a n oxiad
Oad o 2 0 K N , Yied ststss o r h e moAena of Hee
bo s 240mPa, calcuoae Fador ot sofey
Gveo
=
To iod
Dia meer of bos: as mm
Fo4
P &oKN a01000 N:F
Yicd s e : ay 240MPa: 240nmm
We kpOO Ha
S e d ' h s u i l e matebai, hence y j eld posot con b e
toCaed aps ini0] oF falure,
FOS
hre tailre s tJs oye yidd poiot
20/0OO 40.743m
wotio9
P O
Fos 240 589.
40 74
FOs S896 o
A
Cason md is subJeded to a load A havtna
ulhonee shess of 400 MPa. Take dAEhA), FOS: 4, |
Cmpute d o i n t s s .
TO Hnd
aien 2
l ae she&s OU 400 mm
Fos c .
Fes
400
0)
seehoo
s to Cay a
bar win s9uane
4m lon o M bar i40
for the matedaU
O2OK
N.
y} dd sthcas
Decmoe ddimns tonJ st
d
Fator of sahehy ap
Give To nd
L O4 m 2 40omo
dtmensions o sq uome sedi 0n,
P20tN 201000 . F
PY 2 4o mm
POS 22
Sd
e t p asu oe gide dt qUAe ge chdo aD
A A axar a m
A)
2 2o
) - 120|mm
aso we tn0u h a
Subshuna om en).
120 20/000
A
A - 166-67 Mm
Cneuk
1x13
' a 166.67 A
18-34Nmm
ac 12.90 13mm
henu \s sahe
A 6O m
dlo mees sald
ND. Debumide shat the
s Suentd td atorque ot
age of tuost i
maxiou heor sMSS ndlceo &
L mder
ivesD lenq of shagi. Tate
G=86Gpa.
T3Cs-m 3 1 0 To Hind
d 6omm R-30rorm
0 CPa 0
;
9 99
3x1o m
Lim =
\00O mm
We eoDW tHa
fsr soid shal
X6D) 27x10 mm+.
Subshui in » e 3d
-_C
T TxA
Tx 3X10 x30
27Io6,
T
T0 7 mm|
Ane fTwist =
apo de have,
3xjob x 1000
T4. 2 7 X1o x o 8 XIDS
0 02as rad.
9 0 029S x 180
T
1-61| cdegree).
5 A solid shaht+ rotatoq at 500pr) sandre7 30 k
Mateal of the shatt bas auouoab)e sherT SrCAR 6 5 M .
moduus of idty 8Gpa, Dctrmioe dlameler ot
Tshaht-(Shes sthegs crilei)
Giveo To fine
NSOOYp
P 20 k d 9
T-6Smpa 6sNme
$ i GPa 0 8 IxIOS Jmm
PCEW) 2 T
6OX1oo0.
.T Px60x1000 30x6dx 10oo
2 X SoO
T: S72 S - m i
S729xio Nmm
For s o fd sha&,
Polor moeot otioc>a, J = nd4
and = R=d
3
S72. X10 6S
Td
72.9sX j0 6
d 3S S4mmn
d36mm
A o|lo ) shalu uorh inner dJa mder
to o t r
ra ro oFO8 is o
dameer
ronamb atorque of
2gOON-m, Talae
T 4SMpa ,d demioe fons ond oudu ds a of SHabt.
>GiverD.
To Hind
d-o3
ol o
=K. , di: O88do
do 9
. t o ol1o) s h a j ,
laT momeot o inehg: J T (dot-di4),
32
2soo xio, 4S
dotd) (
16
(2 s00X10)
(dot-o 8do o.
6
so
doT8 3mn,
de 0 3X18 3 62.6 m )
. do 8-3 m m 79mm
d 2.6 omm 6 mnm
Refereoces
8handoi, thrad
"
v :
D Desgn of Mach ine Elemep by
edtHoO. TMH
s n a t h of moteiau" by Kv Rao &.c Raju ,se cond edisbo
Subhaph Stoses
