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Java 8 Features and Microservices Guide

The document outlines key differences between interfaces and abstract classes in Java, emphasizing the use of interfaces for contracts and abstract classes for base functionality. It discusses thread safety in collections, specifically comparing ConcurrentHashMap and HashMap, and provides strategies for managing thread safety in high-concurrency environments. Additionally, it covers Spring Boot configurations, inter-service communication in microservices, Java 8 features for cleaner code, and best practices for designing scalable services on AWS and optimizing Angular applications.

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Anvesha Chaudhary
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29 views2 pages

Java 8 Features and Microservices Guide

The document outlines key differences between interfaces and abstract classes in Java, emphasizing the use of interfaces for contracts and abstract classes for base functionality. It discusses thread safety in collections, specifically comparing ConcurrentHashMap and HashMap, and provides strategies for managing thread safety in high-concurrency environments. Additionally, it covers Spring Boot configurations, inter-service communication in microservices, Java 8 features for cleaner code, and best practices for designing scalable services on AWS and optimizing Angular applications.

Uploaded by

Anvesha Chaudhary
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

1.

Core Java

Q: What are the key differences between an interface and an abstract class in Java 8 and above?

A:

- Interfaces can have default and static methods since Java 8.

- Abstract classes can have constructors and instance variables, interfaces cannot (until Java 9's

private methods, with limitations).

- Use interfaces for contracts, abstract classes when you need base functionality.

2. Collections Framework

Q: How does ConcurrentHashMap differ from HashMap in terms of thread safety and performance?

A:

- ConcurrentHashMap is thread-safe using segment-based locking (up to Java 7) and bucket-level

locking (Java 8+).

- HashMap is not thread-safe; it can lead to race conditions.

- CHM doesn't allow null keys or values, unlike HashMap.

3. Multithreading

Q: How do you handle thread safety in a high-concurrency environment?

A:

- Use concurrent collections like ConcurrentHashMap.

- Prefer synchronized, ReentrantLock, or atomic variables (AtomicInteger) depending on the case.

- Use thread pools (ExecutorService) for better resource management.

4. Spring Boot

Q: How do you manage profiles and configurations in a Spring Boot microservice application?

A:

- Use application-{profile}.yml and activate via [Link].

- Externalize configs using Spring Cloud Config Server or environment variables.

- Profiles help separate dev, QA, and prod configurations.

5. Microservices
Q: How do you handle inter-service communication and failure in microservices?

A:

- Use REST (via Feign clients), gRPC, or messaging systems (like Kafka).

- Implement circuit breakers using Resilience4j or Hystrix.

- Apply service discovery with Eureka/Consul and client-side load balancing with Ribbon or Spring

Cloud LoadBalancer.

6. Java 8 Features

Q: Explain how Optional, Streams, and Lambdas can be used for cleaner code.

A:

- Optional avoids null checks and makes APIs more expressive.

- Streams support declarative processing of collections.

- Lambdas reduce boilerplate in functional interfaces, especially in sorting or filtering.

7. AWS or Angular 2+

Q (AWS): How do you design a scalable, resilient service architecture on AWS?

A:

- Use EC2 with Auto Scaling, ALB for load balancing, RDS/Aurora for managed DBs.

- Use S3 for storage, CloudWatch for monitoring, and SNS/SQS for decoupling services.

- Apply IAM roles, security groups, and VPC for security.

Q (Angular): How do you optimize Angular apps for performance?

A:

- Use lazy loading for modules, OnPush change detection strategy.

- Tree shaking and AOT compilation.

- Efficient DOM manipulation and using RxJS for reactive programming.

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