Decimals - Grade 6

Glossary
Decimal or Any number that includes place value to the right
Decimal Number of a decimal point.

Decimal Point A dot or point that separates the decimal value

from the integral value of a number.

Denominator The bottom number of a fraction. It represents the

number of pieces needed to make one whole. (See
Fraction booklet for more information.)

Difference The result when two numbers are subtracted. The

order of subtraction is important. A – B means that
the number represented by B is subtracted from A,
that is A is the “top number” in a vertical
subtraction.

Digit The symbols 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 are the digits

of the Base ten number system.

operation: The top number of a fraction. It represents the

Numerator
number ÷ Divisor
Dividend of pieces = Quotient
of a certain size considered for
Dividend
Expressed
the as a (See
expression. fraction:
fraction booklet= Quotient
for more
Divisor
information) quotient
or using a "division house" divisor dividend
Place Value The position a digit holds in a number.
SumFactor The result when two numbers are added.
Each of the numbers that are multiplied, i.e. in the
product
Whole Numbers Positive 7 x 9=63
numbers thefractional
with no numbersor7 decimal
and 9 are factors.
portion.
Multiple A number which is the product of a given number
and another factor; Multiples are equal to or larger
than the given number, i.e. the multiples of 3 are:
3,6,9,12,15, …

Non-Repeating A decimal representation that has no pattern of

Decimal repetition in the digits after the decimal point.

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 General Decimal Information
value of the digit. (See chart page 7)
♦ Our number system is a decimal system using the digits: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5,
Product The result when two numbers are multiplied.
6, 7, 8, and 9, called the Base Ten Number System.
Quotient The result when two numbers are divided.
♦ Only positive numbers will be used in this booklet.
Repeating A numerical representation that has a pattern of digits
Whole
Decimal
♦ numbers are decimal
that numbers
repeats with no 0.323232…
to infinity. fractional part;
is aadecimal
repeating
decimal, and can be written as 0.32
point is assumed to be to the right of the whole number. ( i.e., 15 = 15.0)
♦ Numbers with no whole number component will be written with a zero
preceding the decimal
Terminating Everypoint. ( i.e.,
fraction can0.23)
be written as a decimal by dividing
Decimal the denominator into the numerator if there no
♦ Digits to the right of a decimal point represent fractional parts with a
remainder, the decimal will terminate.
denominator of a multiple of ten.

♦ Digits to the left of the decimal point are separated into groups of three
using commas.

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 Place Value
The position of a digit in a number reflects the "place value" of that digit. In
the following table, the number represented has value according to the place
the digit "1" holds in each case. (Note the use of commas.)

In the following chart, note the similarity of place value names on both sides
of the decimal. Those places to the right of the decimal end in "ths"
indicating that they are fractional.
Whole Numbers Decimal Fractions

Hundred-Thousandths
Hundred Thousands

Decimal Point (and)

Ten-Thousandths
Ten Thousands

Ten Millionths
Thousandths
Units (Ones)
Ten Millions

Thousands,

Hundredths

Millionths
Hundreds
Millions,

Tenths
Tens
Etc.

Etc.
1, 0 0 0, 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 0 1
1 0 0, 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 1
1 0, 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 1
1, 0 0 0 . 0 0 1
1 0 0 . 0 1
1 0 . 1
1 . 0
0 . 1

In a spoken or written number, the word "and" reflects placement of a

decimal point. Although each number uses the same digits, (ones and
zeros), the value of each number in the chart above is very different. The
numbers, in order of the chart, are read:
one million and one millionth
one hundred thousand and one hundred-thousandth
ten thousand and one ten-thousandth
one thousand and one thousandth
one hundred and one hundredth
ten and one tenth
one and no tenths, or more commonly, one
one tenth

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 Writing Decimals
Place value is reflected when writing and reading decimal numbers in words.
In writing the decimal is represented by the word "and."
Example:
4.7 is written "four and seven tenths."
70.024 is written "seventy and twenty-four thousandths."

Write the following in words as you would write the number. (Use the
chart at the end of the booklet to aid with number placement.)

1) 20.15 6) 4.05

2) 45.21 7) 278.54

3) 15.196 8) 7.0007

4) 2,049.009 9) 1.1

5) 0.005 10) 1928.07

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 Translating Numerical Expressions
To translate written numerical expressions, place the last written number in
the correct place value.
Example:
Twenty and ninety- Six, (6) the last digit belongs in the thousandths place.
six thousandths (Third place to the right from the decimal point.)
20.096

20.096 Zero must be entered in the tenths place.

Write the following using digits. (Use a chart if needed)

1) four and five tenths

2) fourteen hundredths

3) one thousand nine hundred seventy-two ten thousandths

4) four hundred seven and three hundred twenty-eight thousandths

5) one tenth

6) seven and nine hundredths

7) one hundred seventy-two ten-thousandths

8) twenty-two and five tenths

9) twenty and four hundred ninety-six thousandths

10) three hundred and three hundredths

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 Decimal Fractions
A decimal number is another way to write a fraction with a denominator of
a multiple of ten, (i.e., denominators equal to 10; 100; 1,000; 10,000; etc.)
To convert a fraction with a denominator of a multiple of ten to a decimal,
read the fraction and write as a decimal number.
Example:
7
3
10 is read " three and seven tenths"

3.7 expressed with digits

Example:
234 is read " fifteen and two hundred thirty-four
15
1000 thousandths"

15.234 expressed with digits

Example:
5
100 is read " five hundredths"

0.05 expressed with digits. Note the zero placement.

Write as a decimal number.

1) 19 4) 3
72 1276
100 10

2) 7 5) 6
301 1
1000 100

3) 17 6) 24
100 1000

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Unlike decimal fractions can be changed to like decimals by adding
as many zeroes as required.
Suppose let us take decimal 14.3, 8.14 and 7.195
14.3 has 1 decimal place.
8.14 has 2 decimal places.
7.195 has 3 decimal places.
If other decimals are also changed into equivalent decimals with 3 decimal place
Therefore, 14.300, 8.140 and 7.195 are like decimals.
Example :
Convert the unlike decimals into like decimals: 99.99, 2196.1, 8.3
The decimal 99.99 has two decimal places.
So convert the other decimals into their equivalent decimals
which have two decimals places.
Thus, convert 2196.1 into 2196.10 and 8.3 into 8.30.
All the unlike decimals are converted to like decimals by adding zeroes.
Therefore, 1.10, 0.01, 10.60, 101.10 are all like decimals with two
decimal places.
 Comparing Decimals
To compare decimals, write the decimal numbers with the same number of
decimal places and decide which is larger.

Example: To compare write both numbers with two decimal

Which is greater: places. Note zeros may be added or deleted from
0.9 or 0.91? the right and after the decimal point.

0.90 ? 0.91 Compare digits in hundredths place. 1 is greater

than 0; therefore, 0.91 is greater. (hint: Consider
Example: money)
Write the following from
smallest to largest: Write the list adding zeros to hundred thousandths
0.78006, 0.7845, place as needed.
0.7851, 0.785, 0.78

0.78006, 0.78450, Since the digits in the tenths and hundredths

0.78510, 0.78500, places are the same, compare the digits in the
0.78000 thousandths place first. Then compare the digits
in the remaining places.
0.78000, 0.78006,
0.78450, 0.78500, Re-write the list from smallest to largest.
0.78510

Write from smallest to largest:

1) 12.34, 1.234, 0.1234 5) 0.935, 1.2, 0.6, 0.56

2) 0.1, 0.01, 1.001 6) 0.12, 0.16, 0.2, 0.48, 0.054

3) 3.1, 0.031, 0.331 7) 5.038, 5.0382, 50.382, 0.5382

4) 0.06, 0.4, 0.9 8) 0.08, 8.08, 8.808, 8.888, 0.088, 0.8

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 Addition
To add decimals, write the numbers vertically with the decimal points
directly under each other, then add the digits.
Note: When the decimal points are lined up, the digits are
automatically lined up in the correct place value.
Example:
13.2 + 1.57 Write the problem vertically. Line up the decimal
points.
13.20 Note the additional zero. Adding zeros to the right
+ 1.57 of the final digit after the decimal does not change
14.77 the value of the number.

Example: Dollar values are the most familiar decimal values.

$437 + $41.56 + $0.18
Write the problem vertically. Line up the decimal
$437.00 points.
41.56
+ 0.18 The additional zeros are optional, but help with
$478.74 placement. Note dollar sign use.
Find the Sum (Add):
1) 0.03 + 0.4 6) 48 + 0.84

2) 0.3 + 0.03 + 0.003 7) 10 + 9.6 + 3.76 + 8.451

3) 2.05 + 0.561 + 43.9 + 17.32 8) $3.06 + $2.13 + $4.89

4) $4 + $14.01 9) 2,134.07 + 306.5 + 2.109

5) 8.0632 + 0.234 + 0.81 + 0.064 10) 56.3701 + 0.268 + 4.2

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 Subtraction
To subtract decimals, write the numbers vertically with decimal points
directly under each other, and add zeros when needed, then subtract the
digits.
Note: When the decimal points are lined up, the digits are automatically
lined up in the correct place value.

Example:
42.63 - 18.275 Write the problem vertically. Line up the decimals.

42.630 Remember: always write the first number on the top.

- 18.275 Add zeros to the number with fewer places to the right of the
24.355 decimal point. Subtract.

Example:
$23 - $0.13 Write the problem vertically. Line up the decimals.

$23.00 Insert the decimal point and two zeros.

- 0.13
$22.87 Subtract; borrow if necessary.
Find the Difference (Subtract):
1) 8.4 - 7.35 5) 4.355 - 1.647

2) 12.5 - 8.7 6) 60.54 - 0.928

3) $17.50 - $6.25 7) 89. - 58.46

4) $18 - $5.63 8) 104.003 - 21.78

Find the Sum and Difference as indicated, (in the order indicated):
9) 14.6 - 1.98 + 3.7 11) 0.19 + 2.34 - 1.003

10) 5.67 + 0.34 - 2.05 12) $21.90 - $0.45 - $ 2.34

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