Applied Physics B (2024) 130:217
[Link]
RESEARCH
Analytical exploration of wave theory based highly sensitive fiber
optic bio‑sensor irradiated by BG beam for early diagnosis of dengue
infection
Bijaya Saha1 · Nabamita Goswami2 · Ardhendu Saha2 · Krishna Kanta Kakati2
Received: 18 March 2024 / Accepted: 29 October 2024
© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2024
Abstract
An analytical study of wave theory-based multilayered SPR-based fiber optic biosensor by shinning Bessel-Gauss (BG) beam
is proposed here for early diagnosis of dengue infection. At first, this wave theory-based analytical model shined by Gaussian
(G) beam is validated with the already reported experimental data, where the obtained results are in good accord with the
experimental findings presented by Y. M. Kamil et al. in 2018. So, it affords the experimental confirmation of the validity
of the proposed theory. The enhancement in sensitivity is 1.99 times ascertained by employing G beam for our proposed
structure at a spectral sensitivity of 10.008 nm/nM. This theoretical investigation has then been extended utilizing the BG
beam, where the observed sensitivity is increased to 59,602.00 dB/RIU and 20.016 nm/nM with a resolution of 1.68 × 10–7,
which is 3.98 times higher than the referred published work. Here, the limit of detection is 0.06 pM with a minimum change
in transmitted output power of 0.8658 milliwatt/RIU. When the DENV-II E protein concentration ranges from 0.08 pM to
0.6 nM, higher spectral shifts are observed. Consequently, enhancements in sensitivity and resolution can be achieved at
reduced concentrations, paving the idea of diagnosis of dengue infection at an early stage.
1 Introduction been projected to range between 50 and 200 million, new
projections based on cartographic methods indicate that this
Nowadays, dengue fever is the most common vector-borne figure is closer to 400 million [4]. Specifically, the Aedes
illness, and its prevalence and associated high death and aegypti mosquito can rapidly transmit strains I, II, III, and IV
morbidity rates have made it a worldwide health issue. Over of dengue fever [3–6]. Human being serves as the principal
the past few decades, the dengue virus (DENV) has spread host for the virus’s replication. Over 100 million people have
exponentially worldwide [1, 2]. Government reports on vec- dengue each year, and some experience severe and some-
tor-borne diseases state that the dengue cases in India since times fatal consequences such as dengue hemorrhagic fever
2019 have been reported to be 1,57,315 (166 deaths), 44,585 (DHF) or dengue shock syndrome (DSS). However, unlike
(56 deaths), 1,93,245 (346 deaths), 2,33,251 (303 deaths), other febrile disorders, very little is known about the pathog-
and 2,89, 235 (485 deaths), respectively, from the years nomonic characteristics of DENV infection, making early
2019 to 2023. In 2024 up to 30th June, the reported cases detection of this virus very important [7–12]. There has been
were 32,091 (having 32 deaths) [3]. Almost 125 nations in a lot of money invested in trying to find a vaccine that will
the World Health Organization (WHO) region are dengue prevent the spread of the virus, but no effective vaccine has
endemic. The annual global frequency of dengue cases has yet been developed [7, 13]. Therefore, it is essential to have a
fast and accurate diagnosis in order to effectively manage the
* Ardhendu Saha DENV pandemic in the context of treatment. New diagnostic
arsagtwave@[Link] tools for dengue fever are being developed with a focus on
1
the host-virus, which will aid in early detection. DENV is
Department of Electrical Engineering, National Institute an RNA virus with a positive sense with a single strand that
of Technology, Andhrapradesh, Tadepalligudem,
Andhra Pradesh Pin: 534101, India codes for 10 distinct proteins [10, 11]. Here, seven are non-
2 structural (NS) and the remaining are capsid, pre-membrane,
Department of Electrical Engineering, National
Institute of Technology Agartala, Barjala, Jirania, and envelope (E) proteins. DENV-induced antibody produc-
Tripura (West) Pin:‑799046, India tion occurs up to 7 days after infection, while NS products
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