Shanlax

International Journal of Arts, Science and Humanities shanlax

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5G Technology
K. Sankar
Assistant Professor of Computer Science
Government First Grade College, HSR Layout, Bangalore, Karnataka, India

Abstract
5G is almost around the corner. 5G as a buzzword has been knocking on our doors for some time
now sans a lot of action on the ground. However, that’s about to change as the Department of
OPEN ACCESS
Telecom (DOT) recently approved applications from Telecom Service Providers (TSPs) to conduct
trials for the use and application of 5G technology. While field trials begin here in India, 5G as
Manuscript ID: a technology has been commercially available in just over 50 countries such as France, South
ASH-2021-09014033 Korea, the US, etc. for a few years and there are valuable lessons that we can take from launches,
successes, and failures in these markets. Indian operators could learn from their counterparts’
experience and avoid or rather not repeat the same mistake which their counterparts might have
Volume: 9
made.
Let’s take the case of 5G in France that has been commercially available since November 2020.
Issue: 1 A recent study done by us showed that there exists a gap in the quality of experience delivered by
TSPs on 5G. The study was the first of its kind, measured experience on real devices placed in
Month: July actual customer locations across nine major French cities. It revealed that while the incumbent
operator provided average speeds of 146 Mbps, the newer operator is left far behind at 28 Mbps,
which is a speed one would expect on 4G. These discrepancies between operators could be a result
Year: 2021 of different deployment strategies.
Such discrepancies can be problematic as they finally impact end customers. And in today’s time
P-ISSN: 2321-788X when the nation is grappling a devastating second wave of the Covid-19 pandemic, providing
seamless digital experience so that digital applications ranging from education and work to
entertainment and dining can continue remotely.
E-ISSN: 2582-0397
Keywords: 5G, Network band, IoT, Chip, Technology, Application, Gbps

Received: 15.04.2021
Introduction
Accepted: 25.05.2021 5G is the next generation of mobile standards outlined by the International
Telecommunication Union.
Published: 01.07.2021 The ITU may be a specialised agency of the world organisation for data and
technology accountable for the allocation of world radio-frequency spectrum
Citation: and also the development of its key standards.
Sankar, K. “5G 5G technology will give information speeds of ten Gbps and on top of and
Technology.” Shanlax it’ll be twenty times quicker than 4G. In addition to the info rate, 5G can cut
International Journal back latency and energy savings, and mass device properties are potential.
of Arts, Science and
Humanities, vol. 9, no. 1,
2021, pp. 141-146.

DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34293/
sijash.v9i1.4033
This can pave the method for next-generation applications like autonomous
vehicles, sensible homes, and cities, video game applications, the net of Things,
and large-scale machine-to-machine communication for industries.
This work is licensed
under a Creative Commons 5G Networks
Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 Mobile networks have seen a significant transformation since launch of 1st
International License
generation mobile services that were capable of transmitting solely voice calls.

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acquisition and fixing of the instrumentality. In these

half-dozen months, telcoms are going to be needed
to check their wind off in urban areas, semi-urban
areas in addition to rural areas. During this era, the
telcoms are going to be given experimental spectrum
in varied bands, like the mid-band of three.2 GHz to
3.67 GHz, the metric linear unit wave band of 24.25
This generation of mobile networks (fourth- GHz per second to 28.5 GHz, and others.
generation, or 4G) is adept handling higher information While the low band spectrum has shown nice
speeds needed for transmission streaming, besides promise in terms of coverage and speed of web and
providing basic network operations like voice calls, knowledge exchange, the most speed is restricted to
messages & internet browsing. However, with a hundred Mbps (Megabits per second). This implies
the ever-changing property wants, rising mobile that whereas telcos will use and install it for business
information traffic and a replacement class of cellular telephone users the United Nations agency
connected-ecosystem merchandise, there’s a desire might not have specific demands for terribly high
for a newer generation of mobile network that may speed web, the low band spectrum might not be best
give even higher information speeds at low latency for specialised desires of the trade.
and increased turnout to handle additional coincident The mid-band spectrum, on the other hand,
connections while not inflicting disruptions. And, this offers higher speeds compared to the low band,
can specifically what 5G telephone is all concerning. however it has limitations in terms of coverage space
5G is the fifth-generation cellular network and penetration of signals. Telcos and firms, that
technology. it’s designed to boost network have taken the lead on 5G, have indicated that this
connections by addressing the bequest problems with band is also utilized by industries and specialised
speed, latency and utility, that the sooner generations manufacturing plant units for building captive
and also the current generation of mobile networks networks which will be molded into the requirements
couldn’t address. 5G is secure to deliver information of that exact trade.
speed at a rate one hundred times quicker than 4G
networks. Significantly, it’s designed to transmit The Main Differences between 3G, 4G, and 5G
information virtually instantly with a network latency • 3G technology is a third-generation mobile
of but 10ms. it’ll even have associate degree increased phone service that offers faster speeds, higher
turnout to handle additional coincident connections frequency, and better bandwidth than the second
at time than current-generation networks. generation.
Globally, 5G network readying is speedily • At the same time, 4G technology is the fourth
moving from trials to early commercialization. generation technology of mobile service, which
In India, network operators like Airtel, Vodafone is completely based on Internet Protocol.
plan, Reliance Jio, etc, have already partnered • 5G will be many times faster, smarter, and
with vendors like Ericsson, Huawei and Samsung technically efficient than 4G. 5G is a mixture of
for planned trials someday by the tip of this year, telecom / telecom technology, which generates
before the service’s forecast industrial rollout in very little radiation while using very little energy
2020. As per the GSM Association, a trade body that and provides very high data speeds through
represents the interests of mobile network operators extensive connectivity.
worldwide, the subsequent developments have taken
place in Bharat on the 5G front:

5G Trials in India
In the initial section, these trials are going to be
for six months, together with a two month amount for

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• It is also designed as a network for the Internet of

Things (IoT). This will not only connect people Key Pillars of 5G Technology
but also utility machines, industrial equipment, Augmented Mobile Broadband: A dedicated
automobiles, city infrastructure, public safety, mobile complete band is useful to supply ultra-high-
etc. speed web service in densely inhabited urban areas.
• On a 3G network, consumers can transmit data except for this it’s additionally capable of providing
at 2 megabytes in seconds while 4G technology video game and increased reality services.
speeds up to 100mbps.
• The higher the bandwidth, the higher the data Massive Machine Type Communication: It can
transfer speed. even offer web service to an outsized range of
• 3G technology works on the wide-area network connected devices. This permits a high density of
concept while 4G technology works on the property in IoT and for a good town, good power
concept of local area network. system, good Industries, etc.
• 5G networks can run on the 3400 MHz, 3500 Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency Communication:
MHz, and 3600 MHz bands, but the 3500 MHz This meets the demanding demand to scale back the
bands are considered ideal. delay to as low as one unit of time. This technology
• In addition, the millimeter-wave spectrum can permits communication in mission-critical
play an important role in 5G. Millimeter waves applications and therefore makes application doable
operate at 30 to 300 GHz frequencies. Till now in artificial intelligence and autonomous vehicles.
these waves are used in satellite networks and
radar systems. The Applications of 5G
5G is a broad term. Generally speaking, it has
Features of 5G applications in three fields:
• High rate (1 Gbps for hotspots, transfer speed • Mobile data and voice
100 Mbps and transfer speed of 50Mbps for • Enterprise solutions
wide-area coverage). • IoT connectivity
• Comprehensive property (1 million connections 5G for smartphone users deals with the first field.
per sq. kilogram meter area) The enterprise sector will, no doubt, relish it further,
• Mobility at high speed (up to five hundred klick with applications in industries like driverless cars,
/ h speed i.e., for the high-speed train). smart cities, uses inside the medical sector, smart
• It can still take a protracted time for this machinery, smart manufacturing, etc. With relevance
technology to show into reality, however it’s the third field, IoT, the telecommunications and
enough potential to utterly amend our current mobile industries are proclaiming for years that
mode of interaction with wireless devices. 5G will connect internet of Things (IoT) devices in
massive numbers. Everything around us is aiming to
be connected. it. For smartphone users, the latter a
pair of fields unit academically attention-grabbing,
but it’s the first field-mobile information and voice-
which actually matters for end users.
For smartphone users, 5G refers to faster data-
much, thick faster in some cases. The new networks

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put together promise incredibly low latency, on treat millimetre waves with caution. In some countries
par with wired broadband. This could be a large like the U.S., though, carriers have (cynically, in
deal to be used in cases like multiplayer cloud my opinion) launched millimetre Wave initial as
recreation that trust terribly low latency where as 4G a result of the initial lack of accessible sub-6GHz
networks haven’t managed to induce latency all the spectrum where as countries like Russia, Japan, and
manner right down to wired broadband levels, 5G is Republic of Korea have joined the millimetre Wave
promising merely that. bandwagon, the overwhelming majority of the planet
5G can have a thick higher system of measurement has chosen to play it safe with sub-6GHz.
and network information capability. Supposedly, it
won’t be as engulfed as 4G was once a huge variety What do these terms mean, though?
of users began exploiting the network. For carriers Sub-6GHz 5G (also spoken as sub-6) means that
that have engulfed 4G networks, 5G will represent the radio frequencies of the network bands square
improved quality of service, less period, and a way measure under 6GHz. (As an associate degree aside,
higher consumer experience. all 4G bands measure sub-6GHz.) mm Wave, on the
It’s all concerning the speeds, though. The 5G opposite hand, means that the radio frequencies of the
specification targets 20Gbps most downlink speeds, bands square measure more than 6GHz. millimetre
that is 10 times over the very best 4G LTE electronic Wave bands vary from 24GHz all the thanks to
equipment chip (which go as high as 2Gbps). Of 100GHz, however in observation, carriers have
course, 20Gbps is barely a theoretical target to extended networks starting from 26GHz-39GHz to
date. The most effective electronic equipment chips this point.
discharged by chip vendors Qualcomm and Samsung
will go as high as a theoretical maximum of Sub-6GHz is of 2 types: Low Band and Middle
seven.5Gbps (when victimization metric linear unit Band
wave 5G) and 5Gbps (when victimization sub-6GHz Low band 5G is analogous to the FDD-
5G). within the globe, some millimetre Wave 5G LTE bands that square measure employed in 4G
networks have gone as high as one.5Gbps downlink, networks nowadays. These bands have all-time low
whereas sub-6GHz 5G networks have gone as high radio frequencies of the 5G “layer cake” dubbed
as 600-700Mbps. by T-Mobile. T-Mobile encompasses a 600MHz
“nationwide” 5G network within the U.S., for
Network Bands instance, whereas AT&T encompasses a similar
700MHz network. Low radio frequency bands like
these square measure the simplest at penetrating
obstacles like buildings, trees, and reaching as far
as geographically attainable from a given carrier-
installed node. This makes these bands the best
Sub-6GHz - Low Band and Middle Band selection for providing nice indoor coverage.
There are 2 forms of 5G. One is sub-6GHz 5G, Conversely, however, their low frequencies means
which may be thought of as the true successor to that they need all-time low capability to hold
4G LTE. The opposite is mm wave 5G (mm Wave). knowledge, which, in turn, means that speeds won’t
Once you examine 1Gbps downlink speeds and line- be that nice.
of-sight to node needs, you’re reading concerning The U.S. has gone all-in with low band and
millimetre Waves. Once you examine reliable 5G millimetre Wave, missing the crucial middle band
networks that really work inside and with real-world a part of the equation. Each T-Mobile and AT&T’s
speeds of 100-500Mbps, you’re reading concerning nationwide 5G networks square measure accessible
sub-6GHz. to many various individuals, however their
Most shoppers can solely experience sub-6GHz, knowledge speeds aren’t spectacular in the slightest
as a result globally, carriers are intelligent enough to degree. At most, they’ll reach 225 Mbps, however

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within the universe, it’s much more possible for Consumers of middle band 5G networks in
them to succeed in 50-100Mbps, with speeds going countries like Republic of Korea have reportable
as low as 20-30 Mbps, that is indistinguishable from nice speeds, and that’s the model the remainder of
average 4G. the planet ought to follow
5G networks in alternative components of the
planet, like Republic of Korea, Japan, and the UK, Carriers
don’t suffer from this issue as they need to emphasise In June 2020, 35 countries had extended some
the requirement for middle the band. Low band sort of a 5G network up till now. Their square
networks can still be an area of the cake, except for measures 195 countries within the world, thus there’s
currently, the U.S. is putting an excessive amount of still quite a way to go before 5G networks square
stress on them. The matter is combined by the actual measure is offered in even half the world’s countries.
fact that carriers lack the vital spectrum necessary At this time, Qualcomm can denote that 5G adoption
to alter these low band networks to attain their full has been quicker than 4G LTE to this point. quite a
potential in terms of information speeds. few additional networks square measure explicit to
Mid band is the best selection for building travel board 2021.
a 5G network. middle band frequencies like the In some countries like China, Asian nations,
favoured three.5GHz band moreover because the a and the U.S., 5G networks square measure offered
pair of.5GHz band aren’t the simplest at penetrating for various individuals. In distinction, there isn’t
obstacles not like low band frequencies nor will they one live 5G network in Asian nation, for instance.
carry the maximum amount knowledge as millimetre Generally, the roll out of 5G has started earlier in
Wave frequencies. They aren’t the simplest for either developed countries, whereas rising markets square
indoor coverage or for the best knowledge speeds, measure taking their time. An optimistic argument
however they’re the simplest expert. Mid-band may be created that at intervals 5 years, most of the
coverage is appropriate as long as carriers square planet can have it. Right now, though, for several
measure willing to put in the acceptable variety places, it’s still a distant dream.
of nodes at any given location. Also, knowledge Examples of carriers that have extended 5G on
speeds aren’t a difficulty as long as there’s enough a meaningfully substantial basis embrace China
accessible spectrum for carriers to use. After all, 4G Mobile, SK Telecom, T-Mobile, AT&T, EE, and
bands like TDD-LTE band forty (2300MHz) also are more
middle band, and carriers like Jio and China Mobile
have used them successfully in Republic of India and Chip Vendors
China severally.
The spectrum issue is wherever the U.S. carriers
suddenly met a roadblock. Up till now, none of the 3
major carriers within the U.S. have extended a middle
band network for many various individuals. Once
merging with Sprint, T-Mobile has started building a
middle band network, however it’s accessible solely
during a few cities to this point. Verizon and AT&T Now, there are 2 types of chip vendors. Vendors
have nevertheless to roll out middle band 5G networks like Huawei, Nokia, Ericsson, Samsung, and ZTE
as a result of they don’t even have the accessible sell 5G network chips to carriers to make base
spectrum. The U.S. FCC freed up valuable spectrum stations and carrier nodes, because of political and
within the C Band earlier this year, abundant later security allegations, Huawei has been blocked from
than alternative countries. Verizon and AT&T have merchandising or having any half within the 5G
expressed their commitment to roll out their middle networks of most Western countries, particularly
band networks in 2021. Shoppers will solely wait. the U.S. This leaves Ericsson and Nokia to hold the
mantle. On the opposite hand, it’s usually accepted

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that Huawei contains a technological advantage in

network chips, and China’s 5G networks are designed
by Huawei. With the trade ban on HiSilicon, though,
it’s unclear however things can proceed within the
future.
The other form of chip vendors square measure
people who sell electronic equipment chips to Therefore, efforts square measure being intense
smartphone device manufacturers. Qualcomm is the to see the amount of individuals United Nations
prime example here, however Samsung Systems LSI agency square measure actually connected or mobile
and MediaTek conjointly play a section. Huawei’s customers.
HiSilicon Group’s electronic equipment chips
were employed by Huawei itself, however with the References
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Author Details
K. Sankar, Assistant Professor of Computer Science, Government First Grade College, HSR Layout, Bangalore,
Karnataka, India, Email ID: [email protected]

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