Drawing:

Drawing is the process in which the slivers are blended, doubled, Levelled and drafted
by passing the slivers through a series of pairs of rollers. On the other way drawing
may be defined as the feed materials of straightening, parallelizing and reducing
weight per unit length is called drawing.

Object of drawing:
 To straighten the crimped and hooked fibres in the card sliver.
 To reduce the weight per unit length of the card sliver.
 To parallel the fibres along the sliver axis.
 To achieve a more uniform blend.
 To remove dust from the card sliver.
 To improve the short, medium and long term unevenness of slivers by doubling.
 To produce more uniform sliver of definite weight per unit length.
 To make more balanced sliver per yards to feed to the next process and to store
them in a can
Working principle of modern draw frame with sketch:
Drawing:
Drawing is the process in which the slivers are blended, doubled, Levelled and drafted.
Main pats:
A - Feed sliver can
B - Fluted roller
C - Condensing plate back
D – Calendar roller
E – Condensing plate front
F - Drawing roller
G – Presser or Cot or Top roller
H – Condensing tube
I – Trumpet
J – Coiler calendar roller
K – Coiler Tube
L - Delivery sliver can
Working principle:
Following action took place in draw frame which are-
 Feeding
 Doubling and condensing
 Drafting
 Coiling and delivery.

Carded sliver with can are fed in the backside of the drawing machine. The creel is
located above each can to enable the slivers together and fed the slivers together to
feed rollers. The feed roller arrangement is located in front of creel. The feed roller
are positively driven. After passing the feed roller, sliver enters into the drafting zone
and leaves it after a draft of 4 to 8 draft as a web lacking significant (গুরুত্বপূর্ ণ) cohesion
(সংয োগ). The web is condensed into sliver by passing it through coiler calendar roller via
trumpet. This sliver is then guided through a coiler tube to coiler calendar roller.
Finally sliver laid in clean coils with optimum utilization of the space in the can.
Drafting arrangement:
The drafting arrangement is the heart of the draw frame & thus the part which exerts the most
decisive (নিষ্পনিমূলক) influence on the quality. The following requirements of drafting
arrangement which are-
 Simple, uncomplicated construction.
 Stable design with smooth running of the rollers
 High degree of flexibility i.e suitability for all raw materials.
 High precision (স্পষ্টতো) both of operation and adjustment.
 Ease of maintenance and clearing.
 Optimum ergonomics (কর্ণদক্ষতোর) design.
 A mode of operation giving a high quality product even at high running speeds.
 Rapid and simple adjustability of roller spacing & draft levels.

(1)
(2)
 (1)

2. Factors depending upon the drafting arrangement:

The following factors depending upon the drafting arrangements which are-
 Diameter of the rollers.
 Hardness of top rollers.
 Fluting the bottom rollers
 Pressure exerted by the top rollers.
 Surface characteristics of the top rollers.
 Clamping distance (Roller setting)
 Level of the draft.
 Distribution of draft betn the various drafting stages.
 Type & form of fibre guiding devices such as pressure rods, pin bars, aprons, condenser etc.
 Roller settings.
Types of drafting arrangements:
The drafting system may be classified based on the form of roller arrangement can be described below-
(i) Conventional 4 over 4 roller drafting systems.
(ii) 3 over – 4 roller drafting arrangement
(iii) 3 over – 3 roller drafting with pressure bars arrangement.
(iv) 4 over – 3 roller drafting with pressure bars. arrangement.
(v) 5 over – 4 roller drafting arrangement.
(i)

:
(ii)

:
(iii) (iv)

:
(v)

:
Roller drafting system of draw frame:

According to the top and bottom roller, roller drafting system of draw frame are mainly
two types.
1) Graduated drafting system:
The drafting system where bottom roller and cot rollers are equal to the number are
3 4
called the graduated drafting system 3 , 4 are the common version of the graduated
drafting system.

3
Fig: roller drafting system
3

4
Fig: roller drafting system
4
2) Polar drafting system:
The drafting system where the bottom rollers and cot rollers are unequal in number are called
the polar drafting system. In this system the arrangement and the geometrical alignment of
rollers.

2 3 4
Fig: Polar roller drafting system Fig: Polar roller drafting system Fig: Polar roller drafting system
3 4 3

Uses: The graduated drafting system with a 4

pairs of rollers are used on traditional draw
frame. On the other in modern machines polar
drafting system are used widely.
3
Fig: Polar roller drafting system
5


i)
Fig: Axial flutes

Fig: Spiral flutes

Fig: Knurled flutes

ii)

(a)
(b)



(iii)
 Basic principle of roller drafting:
Mainly 3 things are required for occurring roller drafting_
a) Gripping of input materials between two rollers
b) Higher surface speed of the front roller than the immediate back roller.
c) Subsequent roller distance should be higher than that of effective length of the fibre to be
processed.

D1 D2 D3

:
In drafting system two types rollers are used. One is drafting or bottom rollers another is cot or
top or pressure rollers. Drafting rollers are positively driven rollers from the main driving system
through gears. Cot rollers are negatively driven and they are run by the frictional contact of
bottom rollers. It is essential for the cot rollers to be in contact with bottom rollers for its driving
and for gipping.
The material passage through the rollers nip for this purposes it is required to exert
some pressure or weight on the top/cot rollers. Bottom rollers are fluted and top rollers
are rubber coated.
It a sliver is first passed through the nip of one pair of revolving, say, Back roller to
front roller if six times fast, the issuing as thin, The draft is such cases would be six.

S1, S2, S3 = Roller setting ; Effective length (S1 >S2 > S3)

Surface speed of 3rd roller

Back zone draft (D1) =
Surface speed of feed roller
Surface speed of 2rd roller
Middle zone draft (D2) =
Surface speed of 3rd roller
Surface speed of front roller
Front zone draft (D3) =
Surface speed of 2nd roller

Total Draft = Front zone draft × Middle zone draft × Back zone draft

Another draft is called tension draft which occur between front roller to coiler
calendar rollers. Which is 1.1 (Negligible)
Roller setting :
The arrangement of roller between the nip points of two adjacent pair of rollers in draw
frame is called roller setting. Or The distance from the center of one roller to the center
of another is known as the “Roller setting”.

Principles of roller setting :

Following are the principles of roller setting.
 Staple length of fibre: Longer staple length wider setting and vice versa.
 Bulk of the material : Higher the bulk of the material wider the setting and reduced
gradually.
 Speed of the drafting elements: Higher the speed wider setting and vice versa.
 Degree of compactness of input sliver: It compactness is high setting will be wider.

:
 Fiber surface character : If fibre surface harsh or rough , than wider setting and vice-
versa.
 Draft : High draft closer roller setting.
 Types of roller : If metallic roller then wider setting. If rubber roller then closer setting
 Frictional property : If frictional property of fibre is high, then the setting should be
wider.
 Machine mechanical condition : If mechanical condition of machine is bed, the setting
should be wider.
First of all the roller setting is selected on the basis of the above factors.
ii) The bulk of the material being fed: It the bulk of the material is increased for the
same staple length the distance must be increased. Otherwise the frictional resistance to
drafting known as the drafting force may become too high. This would cause the top
rollers to slip and introduce irregular.
iii) Frictional properties: If the frictional properties of the fibres are higher for the
same staple length and bulk the roller setting may need to be increased for the same
reason as at. (ii)
iv) Draft used: Roller setting is also influenced by the amount of draft already given. If
there is higher draft the setting should be closer but if there is lower draft the setting may
be wider.
v) M/C speed: Higher the m/c speed wider is the setting.
vi) Types of roller: If metallic roller, wider is the setting, and if rubber roller, the setting
will be closer.
vii) Draft: Higher draft, closer roller setting.
viii) Roller diameter: If the diameter is increased the area of contact and control is
increased hence little wider setting in necessary.
ix) Fibre surface characteristics: If fibre surface harsh then wider setting & vice versa.
Action of drawing frame:
Creeling:
The operation of replacing the cans of feed material at he back of the machine and
joining the new full sliver can to the old is known as creeling.
Doubling :
The process of combing or uniting two or more carded sliver into a single form is called
doubling. In generally in drawing frame, six or eight slivers are feed and converted into
one i.e six or eight doubling.
Drafting:
The process of attenuating or increasing length per unit weight of sliver by drawing is
known as drafting. Drafting occurs due to passing the slivers through a series of pairs of
rollers each pair moving faster than the previous one.
Doffing:
The process of removing the full delivery cans from the front of the m/c and joining the
new empty sliver can to the old is called doffing.
Definitions:
 Drafting roller: The rollers which are positively driven and play main role for attenuation is
called drafting roller. It is also called bottom roller.

 Pressure/Cot roller: The rollers which are driven by frictional contact and used to press the
materials for better gripping is called cot or pressure roller. It is also called top roller.

 Chocking : It occurs between two rollers which is made from same materials. It is mainly
occurred in delivery zone. e.g Steel – Steel, Iron – Iron. Chocking is one kind of jam which is
occurred in delivery zone.

 Lapping/Jamming: It occurs between two roller which is made from different material. It is
occurred in drafting zone. e.g steel-rubber. Lapping is one kind of jam which is occurred in
drafting zone.

 Irregularity: Irregularity means the mass variation of material per unit length or variation
of linear density or count.

 Drafting wave: The irregular movement or motion of short fibres in cotton being drafted
between the pairs of roller give rise to a wave like formation that has been called drafting
wave.
Or The wave like formation in the sliver caused by irregular motion of short fibres between
pairs of roller is termed as drafting wave.
 Back draft:
The draft which occurs in back zone of drafting system is known as back draft. Or The small
amount of draft between the back or rear and the middle pairs of rollers in a drafting zone.
 Front draft:
The large amount of draft between the middle and front pairs of rollers in a drafting zone.
 Tension draft:
The draft found before and after main draft is called tension draft. It is 1.1 to 1.2.
It is occurred between
a) Feed roller to back draft roller
b) Front draft roller to coiler calendar roller.

4
 Draft distribution in drafting system:
4
 Front zone draft = Total Draft
3
 Middle zone draft = Total Draft

Total Draft
 Back zone draft =
Front zone draft ×Middle zone draft
 Effect of drafting and doubling at at drawing frame:
For regularity-
Normally drafting increases the irregularity and doubling decreases the irregularity.
Irregularity is expressed by the co-efficient of variation (C.V%). The more C.V% indicates more
irregularity.
We Know, the relation between draft and C.V% is
C.V% = a (d − 1)
Here
C.V = Co – efficient of variation of drawn sliver
a = constant for particular frbre
d = Amount of draft impose in the machine

Now, if d = 6 & a = 1 Again if d = 8 & a = 1

Then, C.V% = 1 (6 − 1) Then, C.V% = 1 (8 − 1)

c.v%
= 5 = 7
= 2.236 = 2.646
So, higher the draft higher the irregularity. Draft
In case of doubling the relation between the doubling and irregularity is shown by the
following equation-
v Here
C.V% =
n C.V = Co – efficient of variation of drawn sliver
v = Co-efficient of variation of carded sliver
d = Number of doubling.

Now, If the value of v = 3 & n = 6

3
Then C.V% =
6
= 1.224
Again, when V = 3 & n = 8

c.v%
3
Then C.V% =
8
= 1.06
So, higher the doubling lower the irregularity. Doubling
Theoritical irregularity or Variation:

V 2 = V12 + V22 Here

V = Total irreguarity
V = Input irregularity
d = Added irregularity.

V1 is steady for a particular material and V2 is governed by the m/c speed, setting system
of drafting which covers by the theoritical variation formula.

 Effects of drafting on sliver quality:

• To reduce the weight /unit length of the sliver
• Irregularity (Thick & thin place) create.
 Effects of doubling on sliver quality:
• To increase the weight / unit length of the sliver.
• To minimize irregularity of sliver.
How many types of irregularity in draw frame? Explain that.

There are two types of irregularity in draw frame.

1. Periodic variation
2. Drafting wave.
1. Periodic variation: In textile materials specially in yarn faults of different types are
occurred out of them irregularity which occurs chronologically at a certain intervals is
called the periodic variation.
Depending upon the fault length or wave length of fault it is classified into three types-
I. Short term variation- When wave length of the periodic variation is 1 to 10 times of the
fibre length then it is called short term variation/irregularity.
II. Medium term variation- When wave length of the periodic variation is 10 to 100 times of
the fibre length then it is called medium term variation / irregularity.
III. Long term variation- When wave length of the periodic variation is 100 to 1000 times of
the fibre length then it is called the long term variation / irregularity.
 Causes of periodic variation:
• The roller nips do not always remain in fixed positions due to top or bottom roller
eccentricity varying compressibility of synthetic rubber etc.
• The roller do not always run at steady speeds due to eccentricity bottom roller,
eccentricity mounted gear, wheels, inaccurately cut gears, rollers variation.
• The roller sometime slip so that the fibres under them do not move at the speed of the
rollers due to incorrect roller weighting, incorrect draft distribution.
Remedies:
• By replacing / repairing the damaged and defective roller, gears, bearings etc.
• By replacing or repairing the damage surface of rollers.
• By keeping proper speed, setting of drafting zone and pressure on top roller.
Mechanical faults for periodic variation:
The main mechanical faults for periodic variation are given below-
 Faulty rollers in the drafting zone.
 Faulty gears in the drive.
 Badly working bearings
 Insufficient lubrication.

2. Drafting wave: The distance between two pairs of rollers is dependent upon the staple
length of fibre. But if there are short fibres in sliver, they are not gripped by the rollers all
the time. So they are in a floating movement in the drafting zone. This irregular motion of
short fibres between the pairs of rollers gives rise to a wave like formation which is called
drafting wave.
 The formation of drafting wave will depend on:
a) The amount of draft
b) The roller setting
c) The doubling
d) The bulk of the material
e) Degree of orientation
f) Character of fiber.
 Causes of drafting wave:
• Sliver contains cotton fibre of different length.
• When the fibres in the sliver are not perfectly straightened and parallel.
• When roller setting is much less than the length of the longest fibres.
• When roller setting is wider enough.
• Sliver contains excessive floating fibres.
• If draft in one zone is too small.
• The roller vibration.
• Roller slip at the draw frame.
• Irregular motion of top rollers.
 Remedies of drafting wave:
• The risk of drafting wave formation decreases as the fibres become more and more
parallel by drawing.
• By doubling more slivers at the front of the m/c.
• By adjusting roller setting optimum.
• By using high quality with well designed drawing roller.
• By adjusting the draft in the different zone properly.
• By using moderns high speed draw frame.
Causes of irregularity:
1. Inherent causes: 4. Properties of row material:
• Fibre length
• Random fibre arrangement
• Strength
• Variation in fibre fineness.
• Trash percentage
• Length co-efficient of variation percentage high.
• Moisture
• If short fibre is less than nip point.
• Crimp
2. Mechanical causes:
• Surface character
• Incorrect setting of drafting roller.
• Maturity
• Wrong distance of draft in drafting zone.
• Roller speed variation.
• Roller slippage.
• Improper adjustment of pressure bar on cot roller.
• Damage cot roller
• Eccentric cot roller
• Rough calendar roller.
3. External causes:
• Improper temperature and relative humidity percentage.
• Lack of supper vision
• Unskilled labour.
 Effect of irregularity:
 Effect on yarn-
• Thick and thin place is induced on yarn.
• The strength of yarn or robbing vary at different places.
• Twist or unit length may also vary at different places.
• Effect of fabric.
• Finishing of fabric does not uniform.
• Less stable dimension.
• External lusture is damaged

 Roller Slip:
The bottom roller is indirect contact with the bottom surface of the fibres and the motion
reaches top which in turn moves the top roller consequently, there is a certain amount of
slippage occurring. The top synthetic covered roller does not exactly show the same
surface speed with which the bottom fluted roller is running.
This fall in surface speed of top roller when material is passing between them, is termed
as roller slip.
 Factors that affect roller slip:
The amount of roller slip depends mainly upon-
a. Bulk of the fibres.
b. Nature of fibres.
c. Center to center distances of the two pairs of rollers.
d. Degree of orientation of the fibres in the material.
e. The amount of draft between the two pairs.
f. Condition of the rollers including hardness of top synthetic covering.
g. Speed with which the drafting is taking place.
h. Amount of pressure applied to cot or top rollers.
 Causes of roller slip:
i. If thick sliver is passed through drafting arrangement.
ii. For pressure variation on top rollers.
iii. For high speed of draft roller.
iv. For wider setting of drafting zone.
v. If draft distribute are not proper
 Remedies:
i. By using narrow fluted roller for better gripping of sliver.
ii. By keeping proper pressure on top roller.
iii. By using closer setting in the middle zone.
iv. By alternating draft between zone to zone.
 Fibre Hooks:
 Fibres are processed during spinning through a no. of steps / sequences. During the process
of fibres come into the contact of different surface and wire pointers (e.g- point to point or
point against back action) results change. The direction of fibres and like bend are known as
the fibre hooks which are determine the quality of the end product.

 Types of fibre hooka:

There are four types of fibre hooks which are given below-
1) Leading hooks: The hook which is mode on the leading direction or position of the fibre front
side is called leading hooks

2) Trailing hooks: The hook which is mode on the trailing direction or position of the fibre back
side is called trailing hooks.

3) Middle hooks: The hook which is made in the middle of the fibres is called middle hooks.

4) Both ends hooks: The hooks which are made in both side or both ends of the fibres are called
both end hooks.
 Difference between carded sliver & drawn sliver:

Carded sliver Drawn sliver

1. Fibre orientation in all direction. 1. Fibre orientation in parallel
direction to the sliver axis.
2. Many fibres are projected out from 2. Less fibres are projected out from
sliver. sliver.
3. Many frbres have either leading 3. Fibres are straightened.
hook or trailing hook or both end hook.
4. Irregular weight per unit length 4. More regular weight per unit
length.
5. Carded slivers are more thick. 5. Drawn slivers are less thick.
6. More shoft fiber % 6. Less short fiber %
7. Sliver is not properly uniform. 7. Sliver is properly uniform.
 Use of different coloured lights:
A number of colored signal lights on the frame tell the operator whether the frame is reining
and indicate the type and location of machine stoppage.
1. Red warning lamp- It shows that the machine is stopped because of full can.
2. Yellow warning lamp – Stops the machine because of an empty can and sliver breakage at
the back of the machine.
3. Blue warning lamp- It shows that the machine is stopped either due to
I. Front roller lapping or
II. Sliver breakage at the front side or
III. Calendar roller lapping.
 Stop motion of drawing frame:
The motion which stop the machine from undesirable operation is called stop motion. The
stop motion is a device which provided to ensure the m/c is stopped immediately at
undesirable condition.

 Objects of stop motion:

I. To stop the m/c for saving from undesirable operation.
II. To reduce wastage production.
III. To maintain higher productivity.
IV. To reduce work load or work force
V. To stop m/c damage and accident.
 Classified of stop motion:
Stop motion in draw frame may be classified broadly is two types-
1. According to position.
a) Back stop motion, b) Front stop motion. c) Side (safety) stop motion.
2. According to version.
a) Mechanical stop motion, b) Electrical stop motion. c) Mechatronic stop motion.

The stop motions will halt the draw frame in the following cases:
 Working procedure of stop motion:
When any of the mentioned point occurs the low voltage circuit is completed
due to the action of the stop motion. The current energizes the main switch, which stop
the motor and activates the electric brake.

 Auto Leveler:
An auto leveler is a device which ensures the high degree of evenness of the delivery
product. It is fitted to the carding machine and drawing frame.

The action of auto leveler is termed auto leveling. Alternative name for auto leveling
include; auto regulator; leveler; draft-o-matic; servo-drafter; although these different name
are used by different machinery manufacturers, the basic principles remain the same.

 Objects of auto leveler:

I. To ensure regularity of quality.
II. To reduce variation of linear density.
III. To better production efficiency.
IV. To reduce and breakages in subsequent process.
V. To get less waste.
VI. To get even strong yarn at competitive price.
 Advantages of auto leveler:

1. All variations are corrected.

2. Count C.V% will be consistent and good, hence the yarn will be suitable for knitting.
3. Ring frame breaks will come down, hence pneumafil waste will be less.
4. Fluff in the department will be less, therefore uster cuts will be less.
5. Fabric quality will be good because of lower number of fluff in the yarn.
6. Labour productivity will be more.
7. Machine productivity will be more.
8. Idle spindles will be less.
9. RKM C.V% will be low because of low number of thin place.
10. Low sliver U% hence Yarn U% will be good.
11. Production will be more accurate in auto- leveler draw frame compered to non auto-
leveler draw frame.
12.Variation in blend percentage will be very less, if both the components are auto-leveled
before blending, hence fabric appearance after dyeing will be excellent.
 Faults in drawing frame:

Faults in drawing frame are as follows:

1) End missing.
2) Irregular drafting
3) Roller lapping.
4) Irregular selvedge.
5) Fuzzing at the tube wheel bore.
6) Fuzzing at the front roller.
7) Impurities in the sliver.
1. End missing:
When 6 to 8 slivers are doubled in the draw frame one of them may be broken down. So
doubling will not be proper and fine sliver will produce.

Causes:
i. If stop motion does not work.
ii. Carelessness of the operator.
Remedies:
i. Stop motion must be in working condition.
ii. Operator should be careful.
2. Irregular drafting:
Irregular drafting will give irregularities in the drawn sliver. So sliver may contain thick-thin
places, variation in count along the sliver etc.
Causes:
i. Incorrect setting of the drafting rollers for the staple being processed.
ii. Wrong distribution of draft in the drafting zone.
iii. Roller vibration.
iv. Eccentrically bored gear or carelessly enlarged bore in the gear which gives periodic variation in the
sliver.
v. Roller slip.
vi. When roller weights are wholly or partially off the top roller.
vii. When stop motion fails to work in case of sliver break, lapping and empty can.
viii.Tension draft between front drafting roller and calendar roller and coiler calendar roller.
Remedies:
i. Correct roller setting.
ii. Correct distribution of draft.
iii. The various reasons such as bent roller, worn bearing etc can be removed.
iv. Correct bore in the gears.
v. Roller slip should be prevented.
vi. Roller weighting should be checked.
vii. Top roller should be varnished for regular diameter.
viii.The machine must stop instantly in case of sliver breakage, lapping and empty can.
ix. At the final draw frame the best tension draft varies from 0.95 to 1.03 for various cotton of shorter
length to longer lengths. The web tension draft at the first passage of drawing should always be less
than that at the latter passages.
3. Roller lapping:
When sliver passes through the drafting rollers sometimes the fibres are snarls with the
roller specially bottom roller. This is roller lapping.

Causes:
i. Oil on the roller covering.
ii. Cracked roller surface.
iii. Rollers standing for a long time after re-varnishing and cracked down.
iv. Roller flutes contains wax., broken leaf etc.
v. Rough calendar rollers and wax on their surfaces.
vi. Excessive relative humidity percentage.
vii. Roller lapping is most likely to occur in the processing of ling cotton particularly when they
are combed and the front roller speed is high (above 120 ft/minute)

Remedies:
i. The roller coverings should be free from oil and wax.
ii. The coverings should be well varnished.
iii. Damaged roller should be replaced and any impurities in the roller fluting must be cleaned.
iv. Rough calendar roller surfaces require varnishing and any wax as them to be removed.
v. Correct relative humidity percentage.
vi. Adjust correct roller speed for long staple.
4. Irregular selvedges:
Causes:
i. Roller weights not applying their full pressure to the top rollers when the machine is in operation.
ii. Insufficient weighting of the top rollers.
iii. Certain classes of cotton are also liable to give irregular selvedges.
iv. Irregular roller surface speed.
Remedies:
i. The weight releasing motion should be checked to ensure that the weights are clear of the weight
bar.
ii. Correct the roller weighting.
iii. Use selvedge guides between the 1st and 2nd rollers when the fault is due to the cotton it self.

5. Fuzzing at the tube wheel bore

Causes:
i. Impurities or roughness in the tube wheel bore.
Remedies:
i. Polish the bore.
6. Fuzzing at the front roller:
Causes:
i. Higher front roller speed for combed sliver where greater parallelism and straightening
are achieved.
Remedies:
i. Reduce front roller speed to 120 fts/minute on tradition draw frame.
7. Impurities in the sliver:
Causes:
i. Insufficient cleaning occasioned by incorrect setting of the various clearers.
ii. Worm clearer clothes.

Remedies:
i. The clearer setting and the condition of the cloth should be checked.
 Calculate delivery sliver hank if draft, doubling and feed sliver hank 8,8,.125 of a finisher
drawing frame.

Solve:
Given that
Finisher drawing draft= 8
Finisher drawing doubling = 8
Feed sliver hank = .125
Delivery sliver hank = ?
We know
Delivery sliver hank
Draft = × Doubling
Feed sliver hank

Delivery sliver hank

⇒ 8= ×8
.125

8 × .125
⇒ Delivery sliver hank =
8

∴ Delivery sliver hank = .125 (Ans.)

 Find out Draft & DCP to produce 0.14s sliver from 0.12 Ne sliver, if delivery speed
400m/min, No of doubling 8, Draft constant 320.

Solve:

Given that
Feed material Hank = 0.12
Delivery material hank = 0.14
Doubling = 8
Draft constant = 320
We know
Delivery material hank
Draft =
Feed material hank
× Doubling
0.14
=
0.12
× 8 = 9.33

Draft constant 320

DCP = = = 34 Teeth.
Draft 9.33
Ans. Draft = 9.33 & DCP = 34 Teeth.
 4,000 pounds of yarn to get a ring frame at the given information out of the number of drawing
machine?
Front roller speed = 1540 rpm, Front roller diameter = 1.50 inches, Delivery Sliver hank
0.15, Efficiency = 90%, Ring Frame waste = 5%, Delivery per machine = 2, Effective hours = 8.
Ans:
Given that
Front roller speed of drawing m/c= 1540 rpm
Front roller diameter of drawing m/c = 1.5 inches
Delivery Sliver hank = 0.15
Efficiency = 90%
Ring frame waste = 5%
Delivery per machine = 2
Drawing m/c of effective time= 8 hours
Ring frame production of yarn = 4,000 pounds.
Number of Drawing frame = ?
We know
Drawing frame production = Surface speed of Front roller (π. D. N) × Efficiency × No. of Delivery
= 3.14 × 1.5 × 1540 × .90 × 2 Inches / minute/ machine
1
= 6528.06 × × 60 × 8 × 2 pounds per machine per shift
36×840×0.15
= 1381.6 pounds per machine per shift
100+waste
∴ Drawing frames required production = Production of ring frame ×
100
 100 −5
= 4,000 ×
100
= 4,200 Pounds

Drawing frames required production

Number of drawing frame =
Drawing frame production
4200
= 1381.6 = 3.04 ≈ 3 (Ans:)