Syllabus for Written Examination of Junior Engineer (Civil)

STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
Review Of Basic Concepts
Basic principle of mechanics: force, moment, support conditions, conditions of equilibrium, C.G & M.I,
free body diagram, review of C.G and M.I of different sections.
Simple Stresses and Strains
Introduction to stresses and strains: mechanical properties of materials – rigidity, elasticity, plasticity,
compressibility, hardness, toughness, stiffness, brittleness, ductility, malleability, creep, fatigue, tenacity,
durability, types of stresses -tensile, compressive and shear stresses, types of strains - tensile,
compressive and shear strains, complimentary shear stress - diagonal tensile / compressive stresses due
to shear, elongation and contraction, longitudinal and lateral strains, poisson’s ratio, volumetric strain,
computation of stress, strain, poisson’s ratio, change in dimensions and volume etc, Hooke’s law -
elastic constants, derivation of relationship between the elastic constants.
Application of simple stress and strain in engineering field
Behaviour of ductile and brittle materials under direct loads, stress strain curve of a ductile material,
limit of proportionality, elastic limit, yield stress, ultimate stress, breaking stress, percentage elongation,
percentage reduction in area, significance of percentage elongation and reduction in area of cross section,
deformation of prismatic bars due to uni-axial load, deformation of prismatic bars due to its self weight.
Complex stress and strain
Principal stresses and strains: occurrence of normal and tangential stresses, concept of principal stress
and principal planes, major and minor principal stresses and their orientations, Mohr’s circle and its
application to solve problems of complex stresses.
Stresses In Beams and Shafts
Stresses in beams due to bending: Bending stress in beams – theory of simple bending assumptions–
moment of resistance – equation for flexure– flexural stress distribution – curvature of beam – position
of n.a. and centroidal axis – flexural rigidity – significance of section modulus.
Shear stresses in beams: Shear stress distribution in beams of rectangular, circular and standard
sections symmetrical about vertical axis.
Stresses in shafts due to torsion: Concept of torsion, basic assumptions of pure torsion, torsion of solid
and hollow circular sections, polar moment of inertia, torsional shearing stresses, angle of twist, torsional
rigidity, equation of torsion.
Combined bending and direct stresses: Combination of stresses, combined direct and bending
stresses, maximum and minimum stresses in sections, conditions for no tension, limit of eccentricity,
middle third/fourth rule, core or kern for square, rectangular and circular sections, chimneys, dams and
retaining walls.
Columns and Struts
Columns and struts, definition, short and long columns, end conditions, equivalent length / effective
length, slenderness ratio, axially loaded short and long column, Euler’s theory of long columns, critical
load for columns with different end conditions.
Shear Force and Bending Moment
Types of loads and beams: Types of loads: concentrated (or) point load, uniformly distributed load
(udl), types of supports: simple support, roller support, hinged support, fixed support, types of reactions:
vertical reaction, horizontal reaction, moment reaction, types of beams based on support conditions:
calculation of support reactions using equations of static equilibrium.
Shear force and bending moment in beams
Shear Force and Bending Moment: Signs convention for S.F. and B.M, S.F and B.M of general cases
of determinate beams with concentrated loads and udl only, S.F and B.M diagrams for cantilevers,
simply supported beams and over hanging beams, position of maximum B.M, point of contra flexure,
relation between intensity of load, S.F and B.M.
Slope and Deflection
Introduction: Shape and nature of elastic curve (deflection curve); relationship between slope,
deflection and curvature (no derivation), importance of slope and deflection.
slope and deflection of cantilever and simply supported beams under concentrated and uniformly
distributed load (by double integration method, Macaulay’s method).

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Indeterminate Beams
Indeterminacy in beams, principle of consistent deformation/compatibility, analysis of propped
cantilever, fixed and two span continuous beams by principle of superposition, S.F and B.M diagram
(point load and udl covering full span).
Trusses
Introduction: Types of trusses, statically determinate and indeterminate trusses, degree of
indeterminacy, stable and unstable trusses, advantages of trusses.
Analysis of trusses: Analytical method ( method of joints, method of section).
GEOTECHNIAL ENGINEERING
Introduction
Soil and soil Engineering, scope of soil mechanics, origin and formation of soil
Preliminary Definitions and Relationship
Soil as a three phase system, water content, density, specific gravity, voids ratio, porosity, percentage ofair
voids, air content, degree of saturation, density index, bulk / saturated / dry / submerged density, inter-
relationship of various soil parameters.
Index Properties of Soil
Water content, specific gravity, particle size distribution: sieve analysis, wet mechanical analysis,
particle size distribution curve and its uses, consistency of soils, Atterberg’s limits, plasticity index,
consistency index,liquidity index.
Classification of Soil
General, I.S. classification, plasticity chart.
Permeability and Seepage
Concept of permeability, Darcy’s law, co-efficient of permeability, factors affecting permeability, constant
head permeability and falling head permeability test, seepage pressure, effective stress, phenomenon of
quick sand.
Compaction and Consolidation
Compaction: Compaction, light and heavy compaction test, optimum moisture content of soil,
maximum dry density, zero air void line, factors affecting compaction, field compaction methods
and their suitability.
Consolidation: Consolidation, distinction between compaction and consolidation, Terzaghi‘s model
analogy of compression/ springs showing the process of consolidation – field implications.
Shear Strength
Concept of shear strength, Mohr- Coulomb failure theory, cohesion, angle of internal friction, strength
envelope for different type of soil, measurement of shear strength;- direct shear test, triaxial shear test,
unconfined compression test and vane-shear test
Earth Pressure on Retaining Structures
Active earth pressure, passive earth pressure, earth pressure at rest, use of Rankine’s formula for the
following cases (cohesion-less soil only)
(i)Backfill with no surcharge (ii) backfill with uniform surcharge
Foundation Engineering
Functions of foundations, shallow and deep foundation, different type of shallow and deep foundations
with sketches, types of failure (general shear, local shear & punching shear),bearing capacity of soil,
bearing capacity of soils using Terzaghi’s formulae & I.S code formulae for strip, circular and square
footings, effect water table on bearing capacity of soil, plate load test and standard penetration test.
BUILDING MATERIALS AND CONSTRUCTIONS TECHNOLOGY
BUILDING MATERIALS
Stone
Classification of rock, uses of stone, natural bed of stone, qualities of good building stone, dressing of
stone, characteristics of different types of stone and their uses.
Bricks
Brick earth – its composition, brick making – preparation of brick earth, moulding, drying,
burning in kilns (continuous process), classification of bricks, size of traditional and modular
bricks, qualities of good building bricks.
Cement, Mortar and Concrete
Cement: Types of cements, properties of cements, manufacturing of cement, importance and application

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of blended cement with fly ash and blast furnace slag.
Mortar: Definition and types of mortar, sources and classification of sand, bulking of sand, use of gravel,
morrum and fly ash as different building material.
Concrete: Definition and composition- water cement ratio- workability, mechanical properties and
grading of aggregates, mixing, placing, compacting and curing of concrete.
Other Construction Materials
Timber: Classification and structure of timber, seasoning of timber - importance, characteristics of good
timber, clay products and refractory materials – definition and classification, properties and uses of
refractory materials- tiles, terracotta, porcelain glazing iron and steel: uses of cast iron, wrought iron, mild
steel and tor steel.
Surface Protective Materials
Composition of paints, enamels, varnishes, types and uses of surface protective materials like paints,
enamels, varnishes,distempers, emulsion, french polish and wax polish.
CONSTRUCTIONS TECHNOLOGY
Introduction
Buildings and classification of buildings based on occupancy, different components of a building
site investigation – objectives, site reconnaissance and explorations.
Foundations
Concept of foundation and its purpose, types of foundations – shallow and deep.
shallow foundation- constructional details of : spread foundations for walls, thumb rules for depth and
width of foundation and thickness of concrete block.
Deep foundations: Pile foundations-their suitability, classification of piles based on materials, function
and method of installation.
Walls & Masonry Works :
Purpose of walls, Classification of walls – load bearing, non-load bearing walls, retaining walls.
classification of walls as per materials of construction: brick, stone, reinforced brick,reinforced concrete,
precast, hollow and solid concrete block and composite masonrywalls (Concept Only).
Partition Walls : Suitability and uses of brick and wooden partition walls.
Brick masonry : Definition of different terms.
Bond – meaning and necessity: English bond for 1and 1-1/2 Brick thick walls. T, X and right angled
corner junctions, Thickness for 1 and 1-1/2 brick square pillars in English bond.
Stone Masonry :
Glossary of terms –String course, corbel, cornice, block-in-course, grouting, mouldings, templates,
throating, through stones, parapet, coping, pilaster and buttress.
Doors, Windows And Lintels
Glossary of terms used in doors and windows, doors – different types of doors, windows – different types
of windows, purpose of use of arches and lintels.
Floors, Roofs and Stairs
Floors: Glossary of terms ,types of floor finishes – cast-in-situ, concrete flooring(monolithic, bonded),
terrazzo tile flooring, cast in situ terrazzo flooring, timber flooring (Concept only)
Roofs: glossary of terms, types of roofs, concept and function of flat, pitched, hipped and sloped roofs
Stairs: Glossary of terms; stair case, winder, landing, stringer, newel, baluster, rise, tread, width of stair
case, hand rail, nosing, head room, mumty room, Various types of stair case – straight flight, dog legged,
open well, quarter turn, half turn (newel and geometrical stairs), bifurcated stair, spiral stair, cantilever
stair, tread riser stair.
Protective, Decorative Finishes, Damp and Termite Proofing
Plastering – purpose – types of plastering, Types of plaster finishes – grit finish, rough cast, smooth cast,
sand faced, pebble dash, acoustic plastering and plain plaster etc., proportion of mortars used for
different plasters, preparation of mortars, techniques of plastering and curing
Pointing – purpose –types of pointing
Painting – objectives – method of painting new and old wall surfaces, wood surface and metal surfaces –
powder coating and spray painting on metal surfaces.
White washing – colour washing – distempering – internal and external walls.
Damp and Termite proofing – Materials and methods.

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Green Buildings, Energy Management and Energy Audit Of Buildings & Project
Concept of green building, introduction to energy management and energy audit of buildings, aims of
energy management of buildings, types of energy audit, response energy audit questionnaire, energy
surveying and audit report.
ESTIMATION & COST EVALUATION – I
Introduction
Types of estimates – Plinth area, floor area / carpet area, units and modes of measurements as per IS 1200,
accuracy of measurement for different item of work.
Quantity Estimate of Building
Short wall long wall method and centre line method, deductions in masonry, plastering, white washing,
painting etc., multiplying factor (paint coefficients) for painting of doors and windows (paneled/glazed),
grills etc., detailed estimate of single storied flat roof building with shallow foundation and RCC roof
slab with leak proof treatment over it including staircase and mumty room.
Analysis of Rates and Valuation
Analysis of rates for cement concrete, brick masonry in cement mortar, laterite stone masonry in Cement
Mortar, cement plaster, white washing, artificial stone flooring, tile flooring, concrete flooring, R.C.C.
with centering and shuttering, reinforcing steel, painting of doors and windows etc. as per O.P.W.D,
calculation of lead, lift, conveyance charges, royalty of materials, etc. as per Odisha P.W.D. system
(Concept of C.P.W.D./Railways provisions), abstract of cost of estimate.
Valuation- Value and cost, scrap value, salvage value, assessed value, sinking fund, depreciation and
obsolesce, methods of valuation.
Administrative Set-Up of Engineering Organisations:
Administrative set-up and hierarchy of Engineering department in State Govt./Central
Govt./PSUs/Private Sectors etc. duties and responsibilities of engineers at different positions /levels.
ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES
The Multidisciplinary nature of environmental studies, definition, scope and importance, need for public
awareness.
Natural Resources, Renewable and non renewable resources
Natural resources and associated problems.
Forest resources: Use and over-exploitation, deforestation, case studies, timber extraction mining, dams
and their effects on forests and tribal people.
Water resources: Use and over-utilization of surface and ground water, floods, drought, conflicts over water,
dam’s benefits and problems.
Mineral Resources: Use and exploitation, environmental effects of extracting and using mineral
resources.
Food Resources: World food problems, changes caused by agriculture and over grazing, effects of
modern agriculture, fertilizers- pesticides problems, water logging, salinity.
Energy Resources: Growing energy need, renewable and non- renewable energy sources,
use of alternate energy sources, case studies.
Land Resources: Land as a resource, land degradation, man induces landslides, soil erosion, and
desertification.
Role of individual in conservation of natural resources, equitable use of resources for sustainable life styles.
Systems
Concept of an eco system, structure and function of an eco system, producers, consumers, decomposers,
energy flow in the eco systems, ecological succession, food chains, food webs and ecological pyramids,
introduction, types, characteristic features, structure and function of the following eco system: forest
ecosystem: aquatic eco systems (ponds, streams, lakes, rivers, oceans, estuaries).
Biodiversity and it’s Conservation
Introduction-Definition: genetics, species and ecosystem diversity, biogeographically classification of
India, value of biodiversity: consumptive use, productive use, social ethical, aesthetic and option values,
Biodiversity at global, national and local level, threats to biodiversity: habitats loss, poaching of wild life,
man wildlife conflicts.
Environmental Pollution
Definition, causes, effects and control measures of: air pollution, water pollution, soil pollution, marine

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pollution, noise pollution, thermal pollution, nuclear hazards, solid waste management: causes, effects and
control measures of urban and industrial wastes, role of an individual in prevention of pollution, disaster
management: floods, earthquake, cyclone and landslides.
Social issues and the Environment
Form unsustainable to sustainable development, urban problems related to energy, water conservation, rain
water harvesting, water shed management, Resettlement and rehabilitation of people; its problems and
concern, environmental ethics: issue and possible solutions, climate change, global warming, acid rain, ozone
layer depletion, nuclear accidents and holocaust case studies, Air (prevention and control of pollution) Act.,
water (prevention and control of pollution) Act., public awareness.
Human population and the environment
Population growth and variation among nations, population explosion- family welfare program,
Environment and human health, human rights, value education, role of information technology in
environment and human health.
STRUCTURAL DESIGN – I
Working stress method (WSM)
Objectives of design and detailing, state the different methods of design of concrete structures,
introduction to reinforced concrete, R.C. sections their behavior, grades of concrete and steel,
permissible stresses, assumption in W.S.M., flexural design and analysis of single reinforced sections
from first principles, concept of under reinforced, over reinforced and balanced sections, advantages and
disadvantages of W.S.M, reasons for its obsolescence.
Philosophy Of Limit State Method (LSM)
Definition, advantages of LSM over WSM, IS code suggestions regarding design philosophy, types of
limit states, partial safety factors for materials strength, characteristic strength, characteristic load, design
load, loading on structure as per I.S. 875, study of I.S specification regarding spacing of reinforcement in
slab, cover to reinforcement in slab, beam column & footing, minimum reinforcement in slab, beam &
column, lapping, anchorage, effective span for beam & slab.
Analysis and Design of Single and Double Reinforced Sections (LSM)
Limit state of collapse (flexure), assumptions, stress-strain relationship for concrete and steel, neutral
axis, stress block diagram and strain diagram for singly reinforced section, concept of under- reinforced,
over-reinforced and limiting section, neutral axis co-efficient, limiting value of moment of resistance
and limiting percentage of steel required for limiting singly R.C. section, analysis and design:
determination of design constants, moment of resistance and area of steel for rectangular sections,
necessity of doubly reinforced section, design of doubly reinforced rectangular section.
Shear, Bond and Development Length (LSM)
Nominal shear stress in R.C. section, design shear strength of concrete, maximum shear stress, design of
shear reinforcement, minimum shear reinforcement, forms of shear reinforcement, bond and types of
bond, bond stress, check for bond stress, development length in tension and compression, anchorage
value for hooks 900 bend and 450 bend standards lapping of bars, check for development length,
numerical problems on deciding whether shear reinforcement is required or not, check for adequacy of
the section in shear, design of shear reinforcement; minimum shear reinforcement in beams.
Analysis and Design of T-Beam (LSM)
General features, advantages, effective width of flange as per IS: 456-2000 code provisions. analysis of
singly reinforced T-Beam, strain diagram & stress diagram, depthof neutral axis, moment of resistance
of T-beam section with neutral axis lying within the flange.Simple numerical problems on deciding
effective flange width.
Analysis and Design of Slab and Stair case (LSM)
Design of simply supported one-way slabs for flexure check for deflection control and shear,
design of one-way cantilever slabs and cantilevers chajjas for flexure checkfor deflection control and
check for development length and shear, design of two-way simply supported slabs for flexure with
corner free to lift, design of dog-legged staircase, detailing of reinforcement in stairs spanning
longitudinally.
Design of Axially loaded columns and Footings (LSM)
Assumptions in limit state of collapse- compression, definition and classification of columns, effective
length of column, specification for minimum reinforcement; cover, maximum reinforcement, number of
bars in rectangular, square and circular sections, diameter and spacing of lateral ties, analysis and design
of axially loaded short square, rectangular and circular columns (with lateral ties only),types of footing,
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design of isolated square column footing of uniform thickness for flexure and shear.
HYDRAULICS AND IRRIGATION ENGINEERING
HYDRAULICS
Hydrostatics
Properties of fluid: density, specific gravity, surface tension, capillarity, viscosity and their uses
Pressure and its measurements: Intensity of pressure, atmospheric pressure, gauge pressure, absolute
pressure and vacuum pressure; relationship between atmospheric pressure, absolute pressure and
gauge pressure; pressure head; pressure gauges.
Pressure exerted on an immersed surface: Total pressure, resultant pressure, expression for total
pressure exerted on horizontal & vertical surface.
Kinematics of fluid flow
Basic equation of fluid flow and their application: Rate of discharge, equation of continuity of
liquid flow, total energy of a liquid in motion- potential, kinetic & pressure, Bernoulli’s theorem and
its limitations. practical applications of Bernoulli’s equation.
Flow over Notches and Weirs: Notches, weirs, types of notches and weirs, discharge through different
types of notches and weirs-their application (no derivation).
Types of flow through the pipes: uniform and non uniform; laminar and turbulent; steady and unsteady;
Reynold’s number and its application
Losses of head of a liquid flowing through pipes: Different types of major and minor losses. simple
numerical problems on losses due to friction using Darcy’s equation, total energy lines & hydraulic
gradient lines (concept only).
Flow through the Open Channels: Types of channel sections-rectangular, trapezoidal and circular,
discharge formulae- Chezy’s and Manning’s equation, best economical section.
Pumps
Type of pumps
Centrifugal pump: Basic principles, operation, discharge, horse power & efficiency.
Reciprocating pumps: Types, operation, discharge, horse power & efficiency.
IRRIGATION ENGINEERING
Hydrology
Hydrology cycle, rainfall: types, intensity, hyetograph, estimation of rainfall, rain gauges, Its
types(concept only), concept of catchment area, types, run-off, estimation of flood discharge by
Dicken’s and Ryve’s formulae.
Water Requirement of Crops
Definition of irrigation, necessity, benefits of irrigation, types of irrigation Crop season, duty,delta and
base period their relationship, overlap allowance, kharif and rabi crops, Gross command area,
culturable command area, Intensity of irrigation,irrigable area, time factor, crop ratio.
Flow irrigation
Canal irrigation, types of canals, loss of water in canals, perennial irrigation, different components of
irrigation canals and their functions, sketches of different canal cross-sections, classification of canals
according to their alignment, various types of canallining – advantages and disadvantages.
Water logging and drainage
Causes and effects of water logging, detection, prevention and remedies.
Diversion head works and regulatory structures
Necessity and objectives of diversion head works, weirs and barrages, general layout, functions of
different parts of barrage, silting and scouring, functions of regulatory structures.
Cross drainage works
Functions and necessity of cross drainage works - aqueduct, siphon, super- passage, level crossing
concept of each with help of neat sketch.
Dams
Necessity of storage reservoirs, types of dams, earthen dams: types, description, causes of failure and
protection measures, gravity dam- types, description, causes of failure and protection measures,
spillways - types (with sketch) and necessity.
LAND SURVEY – I
Introduction to surveying, linear measurements
Surveying: Definition, aims and objectives, principles of survey-plane surveying- geodetic surveying-
instrumental surveying, precision and accuracy of measurements, instruments used for measurement of
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distance, types of tapes and chains, errors and mistakes in linear measurement – classification, sources
of errors and remedies, corrections to measured lengths due to-incorrect length, temperature variation,
pull, sag, numerical problem applying corrections.
Chaining and chain surveying
Equipment and accessories for chaining, ranging – Purpose, signaling, direct and indirect ranging, line
ranger – features and use, error due to incorrect ranging, methods of chaining –chaining on flat ground,
chaining on sloping ground – stepping method, clinometer-features and use, slope correction, setting
perpendicular with chain & tape, chaining across different types of obstacles –numerical problems on
chaining across obstacles, purpose of chain surveying, its principles, concept of field book. selection of
survey stations, base line, tie lines, check lines, offsets – necessity, perpendicular and oblique offsets,
instruments for setting offset – cross staff, optical square, errors in chain surveying – compensating and
accumulative errors causes &remedies, precautions to be taken during chain surveying.
Angular measurement and compas surveying
Measurement of angles with chain, tape & compass, compass – types, features, parts, merits & demerits,
testing & adjustment of compass, designation of angles- concept of meridians – magnetic, true, arbitrary;
concept of bearings – whole circle bearing, quadrantal bearing, reduced bearing, suitability of
application, numerical problems on conversion of bearings,use of compasses – setting in field-centering,
leveling, taking readings, concepts of fore bearing, back bearing, numerical problems on computation of
interior & exterior angles from bearings, effects of earth’s magnetism – dip of needle, magnetic
declination, variation in declination, numerical problems on application of correction for declination,
errors in angle measurement with compass – sources & remedies, principles of traversing – open &
closed traverse, methods of traversing, local attraction – causes, detection, errors, corrections, numerical
problems of application of correction due to local attraction, errors in compass surveying – sources &
remedies, plotting of traverse – check of closing error in closed & open traverse, Bowditch’s correction,
Gales table.
Map reading cadastral maps & nomenclature
Study of direction, scale, grid reference and grid square study of signs and symbols, cadastral map
preparation methodology, unique identification number of parcel, positions of existing control points
and its types, adjacent boundaries and features, topology creation and verification.
Plane table surveying
Objectives, principles and use of plane table surveying, instruments & accessories used in plane table
surveying, methods of plane table surveying – (1) radiation, (2) intersection, (3)traversing, (4) resection,
statements of two point and three point problem, errors in plane table surveying and their corrections,
precautions in plane table surveying.
Theodolite surveying and traversing
Purpose and definition of theodolite surveying, transit theodolite- description of features, component
parts, fundamental axes of a theodolite, concept of vernier, reading a vernier, temporary adjustment of
theodolite, concept of transiting –measurement of horizontal and vertical angles, measurement of
magnetic bearings, deflection angle, direct angle, setting out angles, prolonging a straight line with
theodolite, errors in theodolite observations, methods of theodolite traversing with – inclined angle
method, deflection angle method, bearing method, plotting the traverse by coordinate method, checks
for open and closed traverse, traverse computation – consecutive coordinates, latitude and departure,
Gale’s traverse table, numerical problems on omitted measurement of lengths & bearings, closing error
– adjustment of angular errors, adjustment of bearings, numerical problems, balancing of traverse –
Bowditch’s method, transit method, graphical method, axis method, calculation of area of closed
traverse.
Levelling and contouring
Definition and Purpose and types of leveling– concepts of level surface, horizontal surface, vertical
surface, datum, R.L., B.M., instruments used for leveling, concepts of line of collimation, axis of bubble
tube, axis of telescope, vertical axis, levelling staff – temporary adjustments of level, taking reading with
level, concept of bench mark, BS, IS, FS, CP, HI, field data entry – level book – height of collimation
method and rise & fall method, comparison, numerical problems on reduction of levels applying both
methods, arithmetic checks, effects of curvature and refraction, numerical problems on application of
correction, reciprocal leveling – principles, methods, numerical problems, precise leveling, errors in
leveling and precautions, permanent and temporary adjustments of different types of levels, definitions,
concepts and characteristics of contours, methods of contouring, plotting contour maps, interpretation of
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contour maps, toposheets, use of contour maps on civil engineering projects – drawing cross- sections
from contour maps, locating proposal routes of roads / railway / canal on a contour map, computation of
volume of earthwork from contour map for simple structure, map interpretation: interpret human and
economic activities (i.e.: settlement, communication, land use etc.), interpret physical landform (i.e.:
relief, drainage pattern etc.), problem solving and decision making.
Computation of area & volume
Determination of areas, computation of areas from plans, calculation of area by using ordinate rule,
trapezoidal rule, Simpson’s rule, calculation of volumes by prismoidal formula and trapezoidal formula,
prismoidal corrections, curvature correction for volumes.
HIGHWAY ENGINEERING
Introduction
Importance of highway transportation: Importance organizations like indian roads congress, ministry of
surface transport, central road research institute, functions of Indian Roads congress, IRC classification of
roads organisation of state highway department.
Road Geometrics
Glossary of terms used in geometric and their importance, right of way, formation width, road margin,
road shoulder, carriage way, side slopes, kerbs,formation level, camber and gradient, design and average
running speed, stopping and passing sight distance, necessity of curves, horizontal and vertical curves
including transition curvesand super elevation, Methods of providing super – elevation.
Road Materials
Difference types of road materials in use: soil, aggregates, and binders, Function of soil as highway
subgrade, California Bearing Ratio: methods of finding CBR value in the laboratoryand at site and their
significance, testing aggregates: abrasion test, impact test, crushing strength test, water absorption test &
soundness test.
Road Pavements
Road pavement: flexible and rigid pavement, their merits and demerits,typical cross-sections, functions of
various components, flexible pavements: sub-grade preparation, setting out alignment of road, setting out
bench marks, control pegs for embankment and cutting, borrow pits, making profile of embankment,
construction of embankment, compaction, stabilization, preparation of subgrade, methods of checking
camber, gradient and alignment as per recommendations of IRC, equipment used for subgrade
preparation, sub base course:, necessity of sub base, stabilized sub base, purpose of stabilization (no
designs) types of stabilization- mechanical stabilization, lime stabilization, cement stabilization, fly ash
stabilization, base course: preparation of base course, brick soling, stone soling and metalling, water
bound macadam and wet-mix macadam, bituminous constructions: different types surfacing: surface
dressing (i) premix carpet and (ii) semi dense carpet, bituminous concrete grouting, rigid pavements:
concept of concrete roads as per IRC specifications.
Hill Roads
Introduction: Typical cross-sections showing all details of a typical hill road in cut, partly in cutting and
partly in filling, breast walls, retaining walls, different types of bends.
Road Drainage
Necessity of road drainage work, cross drainage works, surface and sub-surface drains and storm water
drains, location, spacing and typical details of side drains, side ditches for surface drainage, intercepting
drains, pipe drains in hill roads, details of drains in cutting embankment, typical cross sections.
Road Maintenance
Common types of road failures – their causes and remedies, maintenance of bituminous road such as
patch work and resurfacing, maintenance of concrete roads – filling cracks, repairing joints, maintenance
of shoulders (berm), maintenance of traffic control devices, basic concept of traffic study, traffic safety
and traffic control signal.
Construction equipments
Preliminary ideas of the following plant and equipment: hot mixing plant, tipper, tractors (wheel and
crawler), scraper, bulldozer, dumpers, shovels,graders, roller dragline, asphalt mixer and tar boilers, road
pavers, modern construction equipments for roads.
ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND MANAGEMENT & SMART TECHNOLOGY
Entrepreneurship
Concept /Meaning of entrepreneurship, need of entrepreneurship, characteristics, qualities and types of
entrepreneur, functions, barriers in entrepreneurship, entrepreneurs vrs. manager, forms of business
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ownership: sole proprietorship, partnership forms and others, types of industries, concept of start-ups,
entrepreneurial support agencies at national, state, district level(sources): DIC, NSIC,OSIC,SIDBI,
NABARD,commercial banks,KVIC etc., technology business incubators (tbi) and science and
technology entrepreneur parks.
Market Survey and Opportunity Identification (Business Planning)
Business planning, SSI, ancillary units, tiny units, service sector units, time schedule plan, agencies to be
contacted for project implementation, assessment of demand and supply and potential areas of growth,
identifying business opportunity, final product selection.
Project Report Preparation
Preliminary project report, detailed project report, techno economic feasibility, project viability
Management Principles
Definitions of management, principles of management, functions of management (planning, organising,
staffing, directing and controlling etc.), level of management in an organisation
Functional Areas of Management
Production management- functions, activities, productivity, quality control, production planning and
control, Inventory Management- Need for inventory management, models/techniques of inventory
management, Financial Management- functions of financial management, management of working
capital, costing (only concept),break even analysis, brief idea about accounting terminologies: book
keeping, journal entry, petty cash book, p & l accounts, balance sheets(only concepts), Marketing
management- concept of marketing and marketing management, marketing techniques (only concepts),
concept of 4Ps (Price, Place, Product, Promotion), Human resource management- functions of personnel
management, manpower planning, recruitment, sources of manpower, selection process, method of
testing, methods of training & development, payment of wages.
Leadership and Motivation
Leadership- Definition and need/importance, qualities and functions of a leader, manager vs leader, style
of leadership (autocratic, democratic, participative).
Motivation- Definition and characteristics, Importance of motivation, Factors affecting motivation,
Theories of motivation (Maslow),Methods of Improving Motivation,Importance of Communication in
Business, types and barriers of communication.
Work Culture, TQM & Safety
Human relationship and performance in organization, relations with peers, superiors and subordinates,
TQM concepts: quality policy, quality management, quality system, accidents and safety, cause,
preventive measures, general safety rules,personal protection Equipment(PPE).
Legislation
Intellectual property rights(IPR), patents, trademarks, copyrights, features of factories act 1948 with
amendment (only salient points),features of payment of wages act 1936 (only salient points).
Smart Technology
Concept of IOT, how IOT works, components of IOT, characteristics of IOT, categories of IOT,
applications of IOT- smart cities, s mart t ransportation, s mart h ome, s mart health care, smart industry,
smart agriculture, smart energy management etc.
STRUCTURAL DESIGN-II
Introduction
Common steel structures, advantages & disadvantages of steel structures, types of steel, properties of
structural steel, rolled steel sections, special considerations in steel design, loads and load combinations,
structural analysis and design philosophy, brief review of principles of limit state design.
Structural Steel Fasteners and Connections
Bolted connections, classification of bolts, advantages and disadvantages of bolted connections,
different terminology, spacing and edge distance of bolt holes, types of bolted connections, types of
action of fasteners, assumptions and principles of design, strength of plates in a joint, strength of bearing
type bolts (shear capacity & bearing capacity),reduction factors and shear capacity of HSFG bolts,
analysis & design joints using bearing type and HSFG bolts (except eccentric load and prying forces),
efficiency of a joint, welded connections, advantages and disadvantages of welded connection, types of
welded joints and specifications for welding, design stresses in welds, strength of welded joints.
Design of steel tension Members
Common shapes of tension members, maximum values of effective slenderness ratio, analysis and
design of tension members (considering strength only and concept of block shear failure).
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Design of steel compression members
Common shapes of compression members, buckling class of cross sections, slenderness ratio, design
compressive stress and strength of compression members, analysis and design of compression members
(axial load only).
Design of Steel beams
Common cross sections and their classification, deflection limits, web buckling and web crippling,
design of laterally supported beams against bending and shear.
Design of Tubular Steel Structures
Round tubular sections, Permissible stresses, tubular compression & tension members, joints in tubular
trusses.
Design of Masonry Structures
Design considerations for masonry walls & columns, load bearing & non-load bearing walls,
permissible stresses, slenderness ratio, effective length, height & thickness.
RAILWAY & BRIDGE ENGINEERING
RAILWAYS
Introduction
Railway terminology, advantages of railways, classification of Indian railways.
Permanent way
Definition and components of a permanent way, concept of gauge, different gauges prevalent in India,
suitability of these gauges under different conditions.
Track materials
Rails, functions and requirement of rails, types of rail sections, length of rails, rail joints-types,
requirement of an ideal joint, purpose of welding of rails & its advantages, creep-definition, cause &
prevention, Sleepers, definition, function & requirements of sleepers, classification of sleepers,
advantages & disadvantages of different types of sleepers, ballast, function & requirements of ballast,
materials for ballast, fixtures for broard gauge, connection of rails to rail - fish plate, fish bolts,
connection of rails to sleepers.
Geometric for broad gauge
Typical cross-sections of single & double broad gauge railway track in cutting and embankment ,
permanent & temporary land width, gradients for drainage, super elevation- necessity & limiting valued.
Points and Crossing
Definition, necessity of points and crossing, types of points & crossing with tie diagrams.
Laying & maintenance of track
Methods of laying & maintenance of track , duties of a permanent way inspector.
BRIDGES
Introduction to bridges
Definitions, components of a bridge, classification of bridges, requirements of an ideal bridge.
Bridge site investigation, hydrology & planning
Selection of bridge site, alignment, determination of flood Discharge, waterway & economic span,
afflux, clearance & free board.
Bridge Foundation
Scour depth, minimum depth of foundation, types of bridge foundations-spread foundation, pile
foundation, well foundation, sinking of wells, caisson foundation, coffer dams.
Bridge substructure and approaches
Types of piers, types of abutments, types of wing walls, approaches.
Culvert & Cause ways
Types of culverts- brief description, types of causeways- brief description
WATER SUPPLY AND WASTE WATER ENGINEERING
WATER SUPPLY
Introduction to Water Supply, Quantity and Quality of Water
Necessity of treated water supply, per capita demand, variation in demand and factors affecting demand,
methods of forecasting population, numerical problems using different methods, Impurities in water-
organic and inorganic, harmful effects of impurities, analysis of water- physical, chemical and
bacteriological, water quality standards for different uses.
Sources and Conveyance of Water
Surface sources- Lake, stream, river and impounded reservoir, underground sources- aquifer type &
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occurrence- infiltration gallery, infiltration well, springs, well , yield from well- methods of
determination, numerical problems using yield formulae (deduction excluded), Intakes- types,
description of river intake, reservoir intake, canal intake, pumps for conveyance & distribution- types,
selection, installation, Pipe materials- necessity, suitability, merits & demerits of each type, pipe joints-
necessity, types of joints, suitability, methods of jointing laying of pipes-method.
Treatment of Water
Flow diagram of conventional water treatment system, treatment process/units, aeration; necessity, Plain
sedimentation: necessity, working principles, sedimentation tanks- types, essential features, operation &
maintenance, sedimentation with coagulation: necessity, principles of coagulation, types of coagulants,
flash mixer, flocculator, clarifier (definition and concept only), filtration: necessity, principles, types of
filters, slow sand filter, rapid sand filter and pressure filter- essential features, disinfection: necessity,
methods of disinfection, Chlorination- free and combined chlorine demand, available chlorine, residual
chlorine, pre-chlorination, break point chlorination, super-chlorination, softening of water- necessity,
methods of softening-lime soda process and ion exchange method (concept only).
Distribution system and Appurtenance in distribution system
General requirements, types of distribution system- gravity, direct and combined, methods of supply-
intermittent and continuous, distribution system layout- types, comparison, suitability, valves- types,
features, uses, purpose- sluice valves, check valves, air valves, scour valves, fire hydrants, water meters.
W/s plumbing in building
Method of connection from water mains to building supply, general layout of plumbing arrangement for
water supply in single storied and multi-storied building as per I.S code.
WASTE WATER ENGINEERING
Introduction
Aims and objectives of sanitary engineering, definition of terms related to sanitary engineering, systems
of collection of wastes-conservancy and water carriage system-features, comparison, suitability.
Quantity and Quality of sewage
Quantity of sanitary sewage-domestic & industrial sewage, variation in sewage flow, numerical problem
on computation quantity of sanitary sewage, computation of size of sewer, application of Chazy’s
formula, limiting velocities of flow: self-cleaning and scouring, general Importance, strength of sewage,
characteristics of sewage- physical, chemical & biological, concept of sewage- sampling, tests for-
solids, PH, dissolved oxygen, BOD, COD.
Sewerage system
Types of system- separate, combined, partially separate, features, comparison between the types,
suitability, Shapes of sewer- rectangular, circular, avoid- features, suitability, laying of sewer- setting
out sewer alignment.
Sewer Appurtenances and Sewage Disposal
Manholes and Lamp holes- types, features, location, function, inlets, grease & oil trap- features,
location, function, strom regulator, inverted siphon- features, location, function, disposal on land-
sewage farming, sewage application and dosing, sewage sickness- causes and remedies, disposal by
dilution- standards for disposal in different types of water bodies, self purification of stream.
Sewage treatment
Principles of treatment, flow diagram of conventional treatment, Primary treatment- necessity,
principles, essential features, functions, Secondary treatment- necessity, principles, essential features,
functions.
Sanitary plumbing for building
Requirements of building drainage, layout of lavatory blocks in residential buildings, layout of building
drainage, Plumbing arrangement of single storied & multi storied building as per I.S. code practice,
sanitary fixtures- features, function, and maintenance and fixing of the fixtures- water closets, flushing
cisterns, urinals, inspection chambers, traps, anti- syphonage pipe.
ESTIMATION & COST EVALUATION-II
Detailed estimate of culverts and bridges
Detailed estimate of a RCC slab culvert with right angled wing walls with bar bending schedule, RCC
hume pipe culvert with splayed angled wing wall.
Estimate of irrigation structures
Detailed estimate of simple type of vertical fall to given specification, detailed estimate of drainage
siphon to given specification.
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Detailed estimate of roads
Detail estimate of a water bound macadam road, detailed estimate of a flexible pavement in
cutting/filling, detailed estimate of septic tank and soak pit for 50 users.
Miscellaneous estimates
Tube well, piles and pile cap, Isolated and combined footing.
PWD Accounts works
Works, classification of work- original, major, petty, repair work, annual repair, special repair,
quadrantal repair, concept of method of execution of works through the contractors and department,
contract and agreement, work order, types of contract, piece work agreement, Accounts of works –
explanation of various terms- administrative approval, technical sanction, tender, preparation of notice
inviting tender, quotations, earnest money, E-tendering, security deposit, advance payment, Intermediate
payment, final payment, running bill, final bill, regular and temporary establishment, cash, major &
subhead of account, temporary advance (imprest money), supervision charges, suspense account, debit,
credit, book transfer, voucher and related accounts, measurement book use & maintenance, procedure
of marking entries of measurement of work and supply of materials, labour employed, standard
measurement books and common irregularity, Muster roll: Its preparation & use for making payment of
pay & wages, Acquaintance Roll: Its preparation & use for making payment of pay & wages, labour &
labour report, method of labour payment, use of forms and necessity of submission, classification of
stores, receipt/ issue statement on standard form, method of preparation of stock account, preparation
and submission of returns, verification of stocks, shortage and excess, building BY LAWS and
regulatory bodies, development authorities, types and their levels, RERA etc.
LAND SURVEY– II
Tacheometry
Principles, stadia constants determination, Stadia tacheometry with staff held vertical and with line of
collimation horizontal or inclined, numerical problems,Elevations and distances of staff stations –
numerical problems.
Curves
Compound, reverse and transition curve, purpose & use of different types of curves in field, elements of
circular curves, numerical problems, preparation of curve table for setting out, setting out of circular curve
by chain and tape and by instrument angular methods (i) offsets from long chord, (ii) successive bisection
of arc, (iii) offsets from tangents, (iv) offsets from chord produced, (v) Rankine’s method of tangent angles
(no derivation), obstacles in curve ranging – point of intersection inaccessible.
Basics on scale and basics of map
Fractional or ratio scale, linear Scale, graphical scale, what is map, map scale and map projections, how
maps convey location and extent, how maps convey characteristics of features, how maps convey spatial
relationship, classification of maps, physical map, topographic map, road map, political map, economic &
resources map, thematic map, climate map.
Survey of India map series
Open series map, defense series map, map nomenclature, quadrangle name, latitude, longitude, UTM’s,
contour lines, magnetic declination, public land survey system, field notes.
Basics of aerial photography, photogrammetry, dem and ortho image generation
Aerial Photography
Film, focal length, scale,types of aerial photographs (oblique, straight).
Photogrammetry
Classification of photogrammetry, aerial photogrammetry,terrestrial photogrammetry.
Photogrammetry Process
Acquisition of imagery using aerial and satellite platform, control survey,geometric distortion in imagery,
application of imagery and its support data orientation and triangulation, stereoscopic measurement,19.9.1
X-parallax,19.2.2 Y-parallax.
DTM/DEM Generation
Ortho Image Generation
Modern surveying methods
Principles, features and use of (i) Micro-optic theodolite, digital theodolite, working principles of a total
station (set up and use of total station to measure angles, distances of points under survey from total station
and the co-ordinates (X,Y & Z or northing, easting, and elevation) of surveyed points relative to total
station position using trigonometry and triangulation.
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Basics on GPS & DGPS and ETS
GPS:- Global Positioning System, working principle of GPS,GPS signals, errors of GPS, positioning
methods.
DGPS:- Differential Global Positioning System, base station setup, rover GPS set up, download, post-
process and export GPS data, sequence to download GPS data from flashcards, sequence to post - process
GPS data, sequence to export post process GPS data, sequence to export GPS time tags to file.
ETS:-
Electronic Total Station, distance measurement, angle measurement, leveling, determining position,
reference networks, errors and accuracy.
Basics of GIS and map preparation using GIS
Components of GIS, integration of spatial and attribute information, three views of information system,
database or table view, map view and model view, spatial data model, attribute data management and
metadata concept, prepare data and adding to arc map, organizing data as layers, editing the layers,
switching to layout view, change page orientation, removing borders, adding and editing map information,
finalize the map.
CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT
Introduction To Construction Management
Aims and objectives of construction management, functions of construction management, the construction
team components- owner, engineer, architect, contractor-their functions and interrelationship and
jurisdiction, Resources for construction management-men, machines, materials, money.
Constructional Planning
Importance of construction planning, developing work breakdown structure for construction work,
construction planning stages-pre-tender stage, post-tender stage, construction scheduling by bar charts-
preparation of bar charts for simple construction works, preparation of schedules for labour materials,
machinery, finance for small works, limitation of bar charts,construction scheduling by network
techniques-defination of terms ,PERT and CPM techniques, advantages and disadvantages of two
techniques, network analysis, estimation of time and critical path, application of PERT and CPM
techniques in sample construction works.
Materials and Stores Management
Classification of stores-storage of stock, Issue of materials-indent , invoice, bin card.
Construction Site Management
Job lay out- Objectives, review plans, specifications, lay out of equipments, location of equipment,
organizing labour at site, job lay out for different construction sites, principle of storing material at site.
Construction Organization
Introduction – Characteristics, structure, importance, organization types-line and staff, functions and their
characteristics, principles of organization- meaning and significance of terms- control, authority,
responsibility, job & task, leadership-necessity, styles of leadership, role of leader,human relations-
relations with subordinates, peers, supervisors, characteristics of group behavior, mob psychology,
handling of grievances, absenteeism, labour welfare, conflicts in organization- genesis of conflicts, types-
intrapersonal,interpersonal, intergroup, resolving conflicts.
Construction Labour and Labour Management
Preparing labour schedule, essential steps for optimum labour output, labour characteristics, wages & their
payment, labour incentives, motivation- classification of motives, different approaches to motivation.
Equipment Management
Preparing the equipment schedule, identification of different alternative equipment, importance of owning
& operating costs in making decisions for hiring & purchase of equipment, inspection and testing of
equipment, equipment maintenance.
Quality Control
Concept of quality in construction, quality standards- during construction, afterconstruction, destructive &
non destructive methods.
Monitoring Progress
Programme and progress of work, work study, analysis and control of physical and financial progress
corrective measures.
Safety Management in Construction
Importance of safety, causes and effects of accidents in construction works, safety measures in work sites
for excavation, scaffolding, formwork, fabrication and erection, demolition, development of safety
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consciousness, safety legislation- workman’s compensation act, contract labour act.
Role of Vulnerability Atlas of India in construction projects
Introduction to vulnerability atlas of India, concepts of natural hazards and disasters and vulnerability
profile of India. definition of disaster related terms, earthquake hazard and vulnerability, magnitude and
intensity scales of earthquake, seismic zones, earthquake hazard maps, types of structures and damage
classification, effects in housing and resistant measures, wind / cyclone hazard and vulnerability, wind
speed and pressures, wind hazard and cyclone occurrence maps, storm surveys and cyclone resistant
measures, flood hazard and vulnerability, flood hazard and flood prone areas of the country, general
protection of habitants and flood resistant construction, landslides, tsunamis and thunderstorm hazards
and vulnerability, landslide & thunderstorm incidence maps, measures against tsunami hazards, housing
vulnerability risk tables and usage of vulnerability atlas of India, inclusion of vulnerability atlas in tender
documents.
ADVANCED CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUES & EQUIPMENT
Advanced construction materials
Fibers and Plastics-
Types of fibers- steel, carbon, glass fibers, use of fibers as construction material, properties of fibers,
Types of plastics- PVC, RPVC, HDPE, FRP, GRP etc. colored plastic sheets.use of plastic as construction
material, Artificial timbers- Properties and uses of artificial timber, types of artificial timber available in
market, strength of artificial timber, Miscellaneous materials – Properties and uses of acoustics materials,
wall claddings, plaster boards, micro-silica, artificial sand, bonding agents, adhesives etc.
Prefabrication
Introduction, necessity and scope of prefabrication of buildings, history of prefabrication, current uses of
prefabrication , types of prefabricated systems, classification of prefabrication, advantages and
disadvantages of prefabrication, the theory and process of prefabrication, design principle of
prefabricated systems, types of prefabricated elements, modular coordination, Indian standard
recommendation for modular planning, earthquake resistant construction, building configuration, lateral
load resisting structures, building characteristics, effect of structural irregularities-vertical irregularities,
plan configuration problems, safety consideration during additional construction and alteration of
existing buildings, additional strengthening measures in masonry building-corner reinforcement, lintel
band, sill band, plinth band, roof band, gable band etc., retrofitting of structures, seismic retrofitting of
reinforced concrete buildings, sources of weakness in RC frame building, classification of retrofitting
techniques and their uses, building services, cold water distribution in high rise building, lay out of
installation, hot water supply – general principles for central plants-layout, sanitation-soil and waste water
installation in high rise buildings, electrical services – i) Requirements in high rise buildings ii) Layout of
wiring - types of wiring iii) Fuses and their types iv) Earthing and their uses, Lighting – requirement of
lighting, measurement of light intensity, ventilation - methods of ventilation (natural and artificial systems
of ventilation)problems on ventilation, mechanical services- lifts, escalator, elevators – types and uses.
Construction and earth moving equipments
Planning and selection of construction equipments, study on earth moving equipments like drag line,
tractor, bulldozer, power shovel, study and uses of compacting equipments like tamping rollers, smooth
wheel rollers, pneumatic tired rollers and vibrating compactors, owning and operating cost – problems,
soil reinforcing techniques, necessity of soil reinforcing, use wire mesh and geo-synthetics, strengthening
of embankments, slope stabilization in cutting and embankments by soil reinforcing techniques.

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