What is
Root Cause Analysis?
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Root cause analysis (RCA) is the quality management
process by which an organization searches for the
root of a problem, issue or incident after it occurs.
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Root cause analysis helps organizations decipher the root
cause of the problem, identify the appropriate corrective
actions and develop a plan to prevent future occurrences.
It aims to implement solutions to the underlying problem
for more efficient operations overall.
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When should a root cause analysis be
performed?
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Root Cause Analysis Process
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Root cause Analysis Methodologies
5 Whys -The 5 Whys approach is rooted in the idea that asking
five “Why?” questions can get you to the root cause of anything.
5 Whys implores problem solvers to avoid assumptions and
continue to ask “why” until they identify the root cause of a
problem.
FMEA- A failure mode and effects analysis is one of the most
rigorous approaches to root cause analysis. Similar to a risk
analysis, FMEA identifies every possibility for system/process
failure and examines the potential impact of each hypothetical
failure.
Pareto chart- Pareto charts combine the features of bar charts
and line charts to understand the frequency of the
organization’s most common root causes. The chart displays
root causes in descending order of frequency, starting with the
most common and probable.
Impact analysis- An impact analysis allows an organization to
assess both the positive and negative potential impacts of
each possible root cause.
Change analysis- Change analyses are helpful in situations
where a system or process’s performance changed
significantly. When conducting this type of RCA, the
department looks at how the circumstances surrounding the
issue or incident have changed over time.
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Root cause Analysis Methodologies
Change analysis- Change analyses are helpful in situations
where a system or process’s performance changed
significantly. When conducting this type of RCA, the
department looks at how the circumstances surrounding the
issue or incident have changedover time.
Event analysis- An event analysis is commonly used to identify
the cause of major, single-event problem, like an oil spill or
building collapse. Event analyses rely on quick (but thorough)
evidence-gathering processes to recreate the sequence of
events that that led to the incident.
Ishikawa diagram- An Ishikawa diagram (or Fishbone diagram)
is a cause-and-effect style diagram that visualizes the
circumstances surrounding a problem. The diagram resembles
a fish skeleton, with a long list of causes grouped into related
subcategories.
DMAIC- DMAIC is an acronym for the Define, Measure, Analyze,
Improve and Control process. This data-driven process
improvement methodology serves as a part of an
organization’s Six Sigma practices
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Benefits of RCA
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