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Overview of Computer Networks and Types

A computer network is a system of interconnected devices that enables communication and resource sharing. Key advantages include resource and file sharing, communication capabilities, and cost-effectiveness. The document outlines various types of networks (LAN, MAN, WAN, PAN), essential networking devices, terms, models, and common uses.

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23 views2 pages

Overview of Computer Networks and Types

A computer network is a system of interconnected devices that enables communication and resource sharing. Key advantages include resource and file sharing, communication capabilities, and cost-effectiveness. The document outlines various types of networks (LAN, MAN, WAN, PAN), essential networking devices, terms, models, and common uses.

Uploaded by

u91193463
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Computer Network – Full Notes

1. Definition of Computer Network:


A computer network is a group of interconnected computers and devices that can
communicate and share data, files, and resources like printers and the internet.

2. Advantages of Computer Network:


1. Resource Sharing – Devices like printers and internet can be shared.
2. File Sharing – Data and files can be exchanged easily.
3. Communication – Email, messages, video calls possible.
4. Data Backup – Central backup systems can be created.
5. Cost Effective – Saves money by sharing resources.

3. Types of Computer Networks:


| Type | Full Form | Area Covered | Example |
|------|-----------|--------------|---------|
| LAN | Local Area Network | Small area (home, school) | College lab |
| MAN | Metropolitan Area Network | Medium area (city) | Cable TV |
| WAN | Wide Area Network | Large area (worldwide) | Internet |
| PAN | Personal Area Network | Very small area (person) | Bluetooth |

Explanation of Types:
1. LAN (Local Area Network):
- Used in small areas.
- High speed, low cost.
- Example: Computers in a college lab.

2. MAN (Metropolitan Area Network):


- Covers a city.
- Connects many LANs.
- Example: Cable TV connection in a town.

3. WAN (Wide Area Network):


- Very large coverage.
- Expensive and slower than LAN.
- Example: Internet.

4. PAN (Personal Area Network):


- Used for personal devices.
- Very short range (few meters).
- Example: Phone connected to Bluetooth headset.
4. Network Devices:
1. Router: Connects different networks and forwards data.
2. Switch: Connects multiple devices in a LAN; sends data to the correct device.
3. Hub: Connects devices but sends data to all; less efficient than switch.
4. Modem: Converts digital signals to analog and vice versa for internet.
5. Repeater: Boosts weak signals over long distances.

5. Networking Terms:
- IP Address: A unique number assigned to each device in a network.
- MAC Address: A hardware address for identifying devices on a LAN.
- Server: A computer that provides services or resources to others.
- Client: A device that requests services or data from a server.
- Bandwidth: The amount of data that can be transferred in a network.

6. Network Models:
a) OSI Model (7 Layers):
1. Application
2. Presentation
3. Session
4. Transport
5. Network
6. Data Link
7. Physical

b) TCP/IP Model (4 Layers):


1. Application
2. Transport
3. Internet
4. Network Access

7. Uses of Computer Networks:


- Browsing internet
- Sending emails
- Online classes
- Accessing cloud storage (Google Drive, iCloud)
- Video calls and messaging

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